CN105359770A - Construction method for suburb gentle slope land-lake ecotone vegetational community - Google Patents
Construction method for suburb gentle slope land-lake ecotone vegetational community Download PDFInfo
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of ecological environmental protection and treatment. Disclosed is a construction method for suburb gentle slope land-lake ecotone vegetational communities, to form a vegetation ecological restoration mode based on a newly-born habitat-improved land-lake ecotone. Main contents of the method comprise: (1) designing a vegetation restoration mode; (2) selecting plant species in different zones in an optimized manner; (3) building and designing a three-dimensional vegetation; (4) performing spatial arrangement on vegetation construction, wherein the vegetation construction refers to a terrestrial protected zone, an arbor-shrub-grass zone, a humidogene sod zone, an emergent vegetation zone, and a floating-leaf submerged vegetation zone. The plant configuration method can effectively promote to form a relatively stable habitat of a land-lake ecotone and animal and plant communities inhabiting in the habitat, and high diversity is maintained as possible, and a good suburb land-lake ecotone ecological landscape is shown. The method provides foundation for ecological restoration of a similar land-lake ecotone, and is suitable to be used and populated in gentle slope land-lake ecotones in high-intensity human activities, for example, the middle and lower reaches of Yangtze River.
Description
Technical field
Process provides a kind of vegetational type's construction method for outskirts of a town gentle slope type land inland water ecotone, the land inland water ecotone vegetation ecological formed based on newborn habitat repairs pattern, and the restoration of the ecosystem for similar land inland water ecotone provides basis.The invention belongs to ecological environmental protection and Treatment process field.
Background technology
Land inland water ecotone, between the two ecosystems of land and water, is important connection tie, ecological flow (logistics, can flow, information flow) between two systems is played to the effect of important buffering, filtration, barrier, source and remittance.In addition, because it is subject to the double influence of the two kinds of living environments in land and water, there is obvious edge effect, special heterogeneity is high, abundant habitat (habitat function) can be provided for animal, also can provide comfortable Recreational places (aesthetic of landscape function) for the mankind simultaneously.But due to the irrational exploitation of mankind's activity and interference, current land inland water ecotone ecosystem degradation, bio-diversity reduces, and littoral soil suffers Eroded, and the aesthetic of landscape is worth and reduces.Therefore, the restoration and reconstitution of land inland water ecotone degraded ecosystem has become one of important content recovering ecological study.In land inland water ecotone restoration of the ecosystem process, the structure of vegetational type is the core of whole repair process, select rational land inland water ecotone plant and carry out science configuration, after making reparation plant preferably on the spot with growth, forms stable community and well succession, the effect of simultaneously give full play to water conservation, purify water, conserve water and soil, beautifying the environment.
The correlation technique built about land inland water ecotone vegetational type in recent years mainly contains:
" a kind of wetland administering method for improving river channel below dams ecotope " (publication number: CN101580305) of 1. China Hydropower Advisory Group East China Survey Design Academe 2009 invention, combine mainly through planting and engineering, the gentle slope level land of reservoir drawdown scope within 5m is protected;
2. " utilize tall fill with the method that careless arranged perpendicular builds Three Gorges Reservoir swelling and subsiding zone vegetation " (publication number: CN101790933) of Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Acadmey of Sciences 2010 invention, screen 12 kinds of energy Three Gorges Reservoir swelling and subsiding zone Different Altitude growing plants, propose to fill with grass along the configuration of height above sea level gradient vertical is tall, build the technical measures of reservoir water fluctuation belt vegetation;
3. " a kind of reinforce the plants configuration method that tidal flat corrodes steep bank " (publication number: CN102334416) of East China Normal University 2010 invention, corrode steep bank by edge and corrode the above region of steep bank, increase in the herbaceous community of tidal flat native country and plant arbor species, build the solid bank forest belt of tall grass;
" construction method of natural revetment arbor type plant community " (publication number: CN102919043) of 4. Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Acadmey of Sciences 2012 invention, " construction method of natural revetment Gao Cong fruticeta " (publication number: CN102934578), " construction method of the short fruticeta of natural revetment " (publication number: CN102919041), vegetation investigation is carried out as sample by and natural revetment artificial to Wuhan City, with the plant community under natural distribution state for basis of formation, simultaneously in order to increase landscape diversity and the stability of plant community, in conjunction with the ecological niche of different plant, draw more reasonably plant community model,
" a kind of spiral shell and water plants rationally mix and take the method building ecological revetment " (publication number: CN103548529) of 5. Shanghai Ocean University 2013 invention, propose and take structure ecological revetment, better to build the optimum ecosystem of land inland water ecotone by mixed to spiral shell and water plants.
" construction method of the ecological Riparian zone in a kind of buffer area " (publication number: CN104429529) of 6. Huaqiao University 2014 invention, propose comprise that structure scope is determined, gentle slope belt environmental survey, gabion band builds, the low level pool builds, many pools are built, be detained canal construction, the ecological bank band construction method of the management and utilization step of ecological Riparian zone.
Visible, domesticly at present in natural land inland water ecotone vegetation construction method, have certain Research foundation, but the outskirts of a town gentle slope type land inland water ecotone vegetation construction method in newborn habitat after eliminating artificial severe jamming is not yet related to.Because outskirts of a town gentle slope type land inland water ecotone is positioned at urban inner or urban fringe, be responsible for carrying urban life and Ecosystem Service, its ecosystem is often subject to artificial severe jamming, when carrying out such ecological system degradation, often need to eliminate the reconstruction that substrate is carried out in artificial disturbance, often there is the problems such as land occupation condition difference, structural instability in the newborn substrate after reconstruction, therefore, under the artificial disturbance activity day by day strengthened, be necessary to build the vegetational type of suburbia type gentle slope land inland water ecotone to conduct a research.
The object of the invention is to provide one to take into account the ecological value and landscape value, in newborn substrate, carry out vegetational type's construction method.The method is applicable to gentle slope, suburban areas land inland water ecotone and uses and promote, to land inland water ecotone revegetation and community hight significant.
Summary of the invention
The present invention is the structure carrying out vegetational type in the region, gentle slope of the newborn substrate of land inland water ecotone.
The present invention is directed to implement to move back fishing also lake, restore farmland to lakes and move back the gentle slope land inland water ecotone newborn substrate less stable of country fair also after the engineering such as lake, the feature improved is badly in need of in habitat, based on newborn habitat characteristics, carry out the three-dimensional vegetation design in land inland water ecotone habitat, suburbia type gentle slope, consider landscape diversity and the stability of plant community simultaneously, build the land inland water ecotone water plants vertical distribution structure of community system adapted, rebuild the land inland water ecotone aquatic vegetation ecosystem.BROAD SUMMARY is:
1, vegetation repair Model Design
The outskirts of a town gentle slope type land inland water ecotone gradient is comparatively mild, and the overall gradient is often between 3 ° ~ 10 °, and broad beach condition is beneficial to carries out complete serial restoration of the ecosystem.Fill with straw cord-humidogene grass by the three-dimensional vegetation of band-very water zone of vegetation-floating leaf submerged vegetation zone for basic model with Lu Sheng protective belt-Qiao, according to the spatial variations situation of habitat conditions, its different reparation pattern is determined in analysis.
Lu Sheng protective belt-Qiao fills with straw cord-humidogene grass and be with-endure the water zone of vegetation-float leaf submerged vegetation band model: this pattern is applicable to gentle gradient and even variation, width are greater than 20m, and the overall gradient is at the land inland water ecotone of≤10 °.
Lu Sheng protective belt-humidogene grass is by band-very water zone of vegetation-floating leaf submerged vegetation band model: this pattern is applicable to comparatively to rise steeply (gradient > 30 °) in the above region of ordinary water level, ordinary water level is with the land inland water ecotone of lower area (gradient≤10 °) gently.
Lu Sheng protective belt-Qiao fills with straw cord-humidogene grass by band-floating leaf submerged vegetation band model: this pattern is applicable to the above region of ordinary water level, and (gradient≤10 °), ordinary water level are risen steeply suddenly with lower area the land inland water ecotone of (gradient > 30 °) gently.
2, different zone floristics is preferred
Because newborn substrate contains larger particles and soil property is harder, substrate soil has that cohesive force is low, fertility is low, the plant on the spot feature such as difficult, the land-based area district that calmodulin binding domain CaM water level seasonal fluctuation is simultaneously formed, Seasonal flooding district and waterflooding district, consider adaptability and the habitat improvement of species when floristics is preferred.In addition, gentle slope, outskirts of a town land inland water ecotone carries resident and to go on tour function, takes into full account ecoscape and aesthstic benefit when each zone plant is preferred, in conjunction with vegetative season, floral leaf fruit characteristic, makes good viewpoint.
Tree zone floristics: arbor mainly considers the improvement to substrate, preferably can adapt to the local humidogene species of newborn substrate, impoverishment tolerant, well developed root system, such as water willow, Chi Shan fast;
Shrub zone floristics: shrub mainly considers improvement to substrate and view, preferred resistance to water logging, well developed root system, the solid species that native ability is good, the four seasons are evergreen;
Humidogene draft band: hygrophyte mainly consider to enter lake Runoff improvement and to stable, the growth expanding ability of substrate and landscape effect, preferably perennial root, drought-enduring moisture-proof, well developed root system, growth is vigorous, view is good species for many years;
The very water zone of vegetation: emergent aquactic plant is mainly considered the stable of range of stage strip substrate and fixing effect, the local species that preferred growth is quick, adaptable to range of stage, such as reed, hay grass, calamus;
Floatingleaved vegetation band: floatingleaved plant is mainly considered view and prevented foreign term, selects local sight lotus, floating heart etc. preferably;
Submerged vegetation zone: submerged plant mainly considers the adaptability to substrate and the improvement result to water quality, preferred plant height is higher, riotous growth, strong adaptability, the local species with season alternation lower to water quality requirement, such as eel grass, watermifoil, black algae, hornwort, water caltrop.
On the spot grow and the maintenance of substrate stability from the viewpoint of plant, the plant that can adapt to the land inland water ecotone of newborn substrate answers that selection adaptation is strong, the species of impoverishment tolerant, well developed root system, riotous growth, recommends kind as following table.
| Biotype | Requirement | Recommend plant classification |
| Arbor | Humidogene arbor, adapts to new substrate fast | Water willow, Chi Shan |
| Shrub | Resistance to water logging, well developed root system, solid native ability are good | Spire awns, cattail and reed, cogongrass |
| Humidogene draft | Short, drought-enduring moisture-proof, covering power are strong | Leersia Sw, barnyard grass, mushroom grass, the chrysanthemum fire hose |
| Very water vegetation | Suitable non-hibernating eggs class, grow vigorous | Reed, calamus, cattail, iris, Scirpus tabernaemontani |
| Floatingleaved vegetation | Sight is good | Floating heart, lotus, duckweed |
| Submerged vegetation | Plant height is higher, it is many to tiller | Black algae, hornwort, pondweed |
3, three-dimensional vegetation construction design
Lu Sheng protective belt: in the land of land inland water ecotone periphery to region, tallly fill with straw cord arranged outside Lu Sheng protective belt, playing isolation strip effect outside land inland water ecotone, take ramping constraints as main structure.
Tall fill with straw cord: substantially not by the region, gentle slope of water logging more than ordinary water level, with the stronger humidogene arbor of adaptive capacity as water willow, the main structure tree zone of Chi Shanwei, plantation spacing 5m × 5m; Under humidogene high forest, gentle slope district is to like moist, perennial root, floral leaf grace fruticuli and grass by plant for main structure understory species band, and plantation cover degree is 60 ~ 80%; Even by the region of water logging more than ordinary water level, with can the herbaceous plant of drought-enduring, the well developed root system of moisture-proof for main the structures grass that carries out is by intermediate zone, planting cover degree is 60 ~ 80%; Form in picturesque disorder plant ladder.
Humidogene grass is with: at ordinary water level about 2 ~ 4m width regions up and down, be with by for main structure humidogene grass with drought-enduring moisture-proof, perennial root, grass that well developed root system, covering power are strong, humidogene grass by band overall based on green grass by, flowers grass is interspersed, the short hygrophyte of outside plantation, the high bar hygrophyte of inner side plantation, plantation cover degree is 60%.
The very water zone of vegetation: in the ordinary water level following depth of water 10 ~ 50cm region, fits non-hibernating eggs class such as reed, calamus with locality and endures the water zone of vegetation for main structure, plant spacing 0.5m × 0.5m.
Floating leaf submerged vegetation zone: be greater than 50cm region in the following depth of water of ordinary water level, with floatingleaved plant as floating heart, lotus, duckweed class, such as eel grass, black algae, hornwort, watermifoil etc. build submerged plant, and planting patterns is for manually to introduce a fine variety.
4, vegetation construction space layout
According to the applicable elements of three overhaul complex patterns, in conjunction with the spatial diversity of land inland water ecotone habitat conditions, carry out three-dimensional vegetation construction, select corresponding vegetation repair pattern according to each regional slope and land inland water ecotone width and divide all kinds of zone of vegetation, form three-dimensional vegetation construction space layout figure.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is that Lu Sheng protective belt-Qiao filling straw cord-humidogene grass is with-endures the water zone of vegetation-floating leaf submerged vegetation zone to repair type section schematic diagram; Fig. 2 is that Lu Sheng protective belt-humidogene grass is with-endures the water zone of vegetation-floating leaf submerged vegetation zone to repair type section schematic diagram; Fig. 3 is that Lu Sheng protective belt-humidogene grass is with-floats leaf submerged vegetation zone to repair type section schematic diagram.
Wherein: 0-ordinary water level; 1-embankment; 2-Lu Sheng protective belt; 3-Qiao fills with straw cord; 4-humidogene grass is with; 5-endures the water zone of vegetation; 6-floats leaf submerged vegetation zone; 7-artificial dam; α-the gradient≤10 °; β-the gradient >=30 °.
Embodiment
Here is embodiments of the invention, give detailed embodiment and concrete operating process, but protection scope of the present invention is not limited to following embodiment to the inventive method.
The present embodiment is configured the special problem " Taihu Lake tribute arm of lake land inland water ecotone macrophyte reestablishment engineering and technological research and demonstration " of " 12 " water, implementing region is to the region, gentle slope to water to extension by Gong Hu eldest child dike land, topography variation is more slow, the gradient is between 3.67 ° ~ 8.61 °, water is in the scope of length about 10 ~ 100m, and water level remains on about 2.8 ~ 4.1m.This region is positioned at new city southern side, Taihu Lake, belongs to and moves back fishing also lake region, and soil property is comparatively hard, and containing particle or stone, land occupation condition is poor.Adopt vegetation construction method of the present invention, the habitat in this region obtains obvious improvement.Combination technology demonstration area elevation and topographic features, each zone of vegetation plant builds as follows.
(1) Lu Sheng protective belt
At the gabion regional extent configuration ramping constraints that elevation is about 4.1m, adopt burst planting patterns, the region of about 4.1m inside second gabion, transplant ramping constraints, every strain about spacing 2m; Change at interval of about about 20m and plant ramping constraints kind.According to the actual conditions of TAI HU AREA, select ivy, wintercreeper euonymus, leaflet wintercreeper euonymus three kinds of ramping constraints.
(2) tall filling straw cord
According to the actual conditions of TAI HU AREA, selection Chinese tallow tree, Chinese ash, dryland willow and Chi Shan plant the region inside second gabion between elevation 3.6 ~ 3.9m, and plantation spacing 5m × 5m, changes kind of seeds at interval of 50m.Region under arbor between elevation 3.6 ~ 3.9m, configuration Spiraea ×bumald 'Gold Mound', mountain peach grass and Shasta daisy, burst is planted.Region between elevation 3.6 ~ 3.4m, plants red alternanthera, Asiatic plantain and Dianthus chinensis, and burst is planted, and plantation cover degree reaches 80%.Region between elevation 3.4 ~ 3.2m, the Zoysia sinica that plantation energy moisture-proof is drought-enduring and stringy stonecrop, plantation cover degree reaches 80%.
(3) humidogene grass is with
At the regional extent configuration humidogene grass quilt of elevation 3.1 ~ 3.2m, based on green grass by, flowers grass is interspersed, short hygrophyte as Bermuda grass, cordate houttuynia, mushroom grass, garden sorrel is planted in outside, high bar hygrophyte such as parasol grass, Leersia Sw, Paspalum distichum, nutgrass flatsedge plant in inner side, burst, divides a band to plant.Plantation cover degree all reaches 60%.
(4) the water zone of vegetation is endured
In the regional extent configuration very water vegetation of elevation 2.8 ~ 3.1m, Lythrum salicaria, again power flower is configured in outside, and reed, grass-leaved sweetflag, cattail, Scirpus tabernaemontani and hay grass are configured in inner side, and flower calamus is interspersed in wherein, and different emergent aquactic plant burst is transplanted, and ribbon is planted.Plantation spacing is 0.5m × 0.5m.
(5) floating leaf submerged vegetation zone
The floating leaf submerged plant of regional extent configuration of elevation 2.6 ~ 2.8m.Floatingleaved plant is in outside, and submerged plant is in inner side aqueous phase comparatively depths.Floatingleaved plant selects floating heart, water lily and field word duckweed, and plantation cover degree reaches 30%; Submerged plant selects eel grass, black algae, Potamogeton maackianu, water caltrop, hornwort etc. to plant, and plantation cover degree reaches 40%.
This three-dimensional vegetation construction is implemented regional slope change and is differed, but the overall gradient is less than 10 °, entirety is selected Lu Sheng protective belt-Qiao to fill with straw cord-humidogene grass and is with-endures the water zone of vegetation-floating leaf submerged vegetation band model, and each region suitably adjusts the scope of each zone of vegetation according to the width of land inland water ecotone.
This three-dimensional vegetation construction engineering was implemented in May, 2014, the monitoring result in 6 ~ July in 2015 shows: Gong Hu show-how district Lu Sheng, humidogene and aquatic plants growth are in great numbers, vegetation is in picturesque disorder, summer, collective coverage reached 60%, land inland water ecotone vegetation ecosystem 26S Proteasome Structure and Function is restored, and water quality classification fades to V class by bad V class.From view angle, define full-blown flowers point point in summer, winter, green pleasing to the eye lake protection view, became the ground of citizen's amusement and travel gradually.
Claims (8)
1. outskirts of a town gentle slope type land inland water ecotone vegetational type construction method.It is characterized in that, described vegetational type construction method also newborn substrate less stable after the engineering such as lake, habitat is badly in need of the land inland water ecotone that improves for implementing to move back fishing (field, country fair), mainly comprises vegetation repair Model Design, preferred, the three-dimensional vegetation construction design of different zone floristics and vegetation construction space layout four contents.
2. method according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, milder in the gradient, the overall gradient between 3 ° ~ 10 °, width is at the outskirts of a town gentle slope type land inland water ecotone of more than 20m, straw cord-humidogene grass is filled with by band-very water zone of vegetation-float the three-dimensional vegetation of leaf submerged vegetation zone for substantially to repair pattern with Lu Sheng protective belt-Qiao, according to the spatial variations situation of habitat conditions, analyze and determine its different reparation pattern.
3. method according to claim 2, it is characterized in that, at gentle gradient and even variation, width are greater than the land inland water ecotone of 20m, the overall gradient≤10 °, adopt Lu Sheng protective belt-Qiao to fill with straw cord-humidogene grass and be with-endure the water zone of vegetation-float leaf submerged vegetation zone reparation pattern.
4. method according to claim 2, it is characterized in that, comparatively rise steeply in the above region of ordinary water level (gradient > 30 °), ordinary water level with the land inland water ecotone of lower area mild (gradient≤10 °), adopt Lu Sheng protective belt-humidogene grass be with-endure the water zone of vegetation-float leaf submerged vegetation zone reparation pattern.
5. method according to claim 2, it is characterized in that, in the above region of ordinary water level, mild (gradient≤10 °), ordinary water level are risen steeply with lower area the land inland water ecotone of (gradient > 30 °), adopt Lu Sheng protective belt-Qiao to fill with straw cord-humidogene grass and be withs-float leaf submerged vegetation zone reparation pattern.
6. method according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, hard for newborn substrate soil property, cohesive force is low, fertility is low, the plant on the spot feature such as difficult, in conjunction with land inland water ecotone SEA LEVEL VARIATION situation, the improvement result to substrate is mainly considered when arbor, shrub kind are preferred, the purification to water quality is mainly considered, to the stable of substrate and Rapid Expansion ability when hygrophyte kind is preferred, mainly consider when emergent aquactic plant kind is preferred, to the stable of range of stage strip substrate and fixing effect, when submerged plant is preferred, mainly to consider adaptability and the improvement result to water quality.
7. method according to claim 1, is characterized in that, arranges Lu Sheng protective belt, based on ramping constraints in three-dimensional vegetation construction design in the land of land inland water ecotone periphery to region; In tall filling straw cord, arbor is arranged on more than ordinary water level substantially not by the region, gentle slope of water logging, plantation spacing 5m × 5m; Fruticuli and grass are by plant in arbor underwood planting, and plantation cover degree is 60 ~ 80%; Grass is even by the region of water logging more than ordinary water level by transition zone setting, and plantation cover degree is 60 ~ 80%; Humidogene grass is arranged on ordinary water level about 2 ~ 4m width regions up and down by band, based on green grass by, flowers grass is interspersed, and plantation cover degree is 60%; Very the water zone of vegetation is arranged on the ordinary water level following depth of water 10 ~ 50cm region, plantation spacing 0.5m × 0.5m; Floating leaf submerged vegetation zone is arranged on the region that the following depth of water of ordinary water level is greater than 50cm.
8. method according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, first vegetation construction space layout determines each regional slope and land inland water ecotone width, then corresponding vegetation repair pattern is selected in this, as conditional parameter, finally according to each regional vegetation band of reparation mode division, thus form three-dimensional vegetation construction space layout figure.
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