CN113979599A - Multi-interface gradient treatment method for mountain land type deepwater landscape lakes and reservoirs - Google Patents
Multi-interface gradient treatment method for mountain land type deepwater landscape lakes and reservoirs Download PDFInfo
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
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- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
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- E02B8/06—Spillways; Devices for dissipation of energy, e.g. for reducing eddies also for lock or dry-dock gates
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- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
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Abstract
The invention discloses a mountainous land type deepwater landscape lake-reservoir multi-interface gradient treatment method which comprises an onshore energy dissipation filter belt, an amphibious cross belt and an underwater ecological purification belt which are sequentially arranged from an onshore side slope of a lake-reservoir to an underwater area; wherein the land energy dissipation filter belt comprises an ecological stream ditch, a gradient ecological slope land and an ecological grass planting ditch which are sequentially arranged from top to bottom along the land side slope of the lake reservoir; the land and water interlaced belt is arranged in the waterfront area; the underwater ecological purification zone comprises a carbon fiber microbial purification zone, a submerged plant purification system and an ecological isolation zone which are sequentially arranged. The invention combines landscape and ecological multi-interface gradient treatment means of mountain torrent energy dissipation, filtration and purification to dissipate and filter the mountain torrent, reduces the impact of the mountain torrent on the ecology of lake and reservoir water, and further sets the technology of 'last kilometer' of the underwater ecological purification zone to supplement the mountain torrent purification, thereby having the advantages of ecology, low cost, sustainability, high efficiency, beautiful appearance, good water quality purification effect and the like, and being suitable for popularization and application.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of environmental management, and particularly relates to a mountainous-type deep-water landscape lake and reservoir multi-interface gradient management method.
Background
The characteristic rules of mountainous regions, mountain torrent periods and water quantity in southwest areas of China are obvious. The lakes and reservoirs in the mountainous regions are usually deep V-shaped and belong to closed slow-flow water bodies, the water body has poor fluidity, the water ecological system is simple, the water environment capacity is small, the self-purification capacity is weak, and the eutrophication is easy to occur. Mountain areas are easy to form torrential flood in rainy season, the flow rate is large, the flow speed is high, a large amount of silt is carried, the impact of the strong scouring of the entering water on water ecological systems of lake and reservoir structures is large, and nutrient substances such as nitrogen, phosphorus and the like are carried on the surfaces of silt particles, so that the self-purification effect of the lake and reservoir is easily damaged after the entering water, and the water quality is poor. In addition, with the rapid urbanization of China, the middle and small mountain lakes and reservoirs located at the periphery of the city are swallowed by the development of the city, functions of the middle and small mountain lakes and reservoirs are changed into landscape lakes and reservoirs in the city from regulation, flood control, irrigation and the like, the problems of large influence of mountain floods, weak water power, insufficient landscape construction and the like are obvious, and the method becomes one of the problems to be solved in the urban development of the southwest mountain areas.
At present, the treatment method for dealing with damage to mountain land type deep water lakes and reservoirs mainly comprises mountain torrent diversion and interception, building of a regulation and storage pond, construction of a clear water ecological system and the like. The mountain torrent is shunted or intercepted by building a drainage pipe network, a drainage channel, a gradient artificial structure and the like, the technology has high construction difficulty and large operation and maintenance difficulty in a mountain, and an inflow water purification treatment means after interception is lacked. The regulation and storage pond is constructed by building a civil engineering pond body to accumulate mountain flood and regularly desilting, but the construction of the regulation and storage pond often has the problems of civil engineering, inaccurate volume calculation, high operation and maintenance cost, large floor area, long idle time and the like. The existing technology for constructing the water ecosystem mostly adopts a clear water ecological restoration technology, and for a deep V-shaped lake reservoir, the technology is characterized in that the water depth is deep, and the area of a shallow water area is small, so that the planting area of emergent aquatic plants and submerged plants is small, the effect of the technology is very slight, and the prior art often lacks a front-end effective interception measure, so that the treatment cannot achieve the expected effect. Therefore, the prior common technologies have some disadvantages and lack of effective treatment means for mountain-type deep-water lakes and reservoirs.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a multi-interface gradient treatment method for mountain land type deep water landscape lakes and reservoirs, aiming at solving the problems and the defects of the existing treatment means for mountain land type deep water lakes and reservoirs, such as high construction difficulty, high operation and maintenance cost and the like caused by the fact that civil engineering and construction work needs to be performed in mountain areas due to mountain flood invasion, and the multi-interface gradient treatment means for landscape, ecological mountain flood energy dissipation, filtration and purification are combined to realize low-cost and high-efficiency treatment of mountain floods.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the technical scheme that:
a multi-interface gradient treatment method for mountain-type deepwater landscape lakes and reservoirs is characterized by firstly dividing a treatment area of the lakes and reservoirs into an onshore slope, a waterfront area and a submerged area from top to bottom along a slope; the method comprises the steps of sequentially arranging a land energy dissipation filter belt, a land and water staggered belt and an underwater ecological purification belt from land slopes of lakes and reservoirs to underwater areas; wherein the land energy dissipation filter belt comprises an ecological stream ditch, a gradient ecological slope land and an ecological grass planting ditch which are sequentially arranged from top to bottom along the land side slope of the lake reservoir; the land and water staggered belts are arranged in the waterfront area, and the ecological grass planting ditches are arranged between the landscape plant belts and the waterfront area; the underwater ecological purification zone of the underwater purification zone comprises a carbon fiber microbial purification zone, a submerged plant purification system and an ecological isolation zone which are sequentially arranged.
In the scheme, the slope of the lake and reservoir land side slope is 0-20 degrees; the water depth of the waterfront area is 0-0.5 m; the water depth in the underwater region of the lake reservoir is 0.5 (excluding 0.5m) to 3 m.
In the scheme, ecological stream ditches are arranged between point source water outlets such as mountain torrent catchment areas, discharge ports, culverts and the like and slopes of lakes and reservoirs; gravels such as stones and cobblestones are scattered in the ecological stream ditch, and the particle size is 5-50 cm. The ecological stream ditch adopted by the invention can effectively reduce the kinetic energy of the torrential flood and prevent the downstream sloping field plants from being washed away, and meanwhile, the ecological stream ditch can further weaken the kinetic energy of the torrential flood and reduce the surface runoff and the amount of the sand entering the cement by further scattering the aquatic herbaceous plant seeds with stronger tolerance in the ecological stream ditch, and has the landscape effect.
In the scheme, the gradient ecological sloping field comprises a 15-20 degree sloping field, a 5-15 degree sloping field and a 0-5 degree sloping field, wherein native natural vegetation (natural vegetation zone) is reserved in a 15-20 degree sloping field region; selecting arbor, shrub and herbaceous local plants (arbors, shrubs and herbaceous plants) with developed root systems in a sloping field area of 5-15 degrees for matching (an ecological energy dissipation filter belt), arranging and planting arbors, and densely planting shrubs and herbaceous plants; selecting arbor and shrub plants (arbors, shrubs and herbaceous plants) with better landscape effect in a 0-5-degree sloping field area for combination and collocation, and constructing a plant landscape (landscape plant zone) with rich layers while intercepting mountain torrents; an ecological grass planting ditch is arranged 2-3m away from the normal water level of the lake and the reservoir.
Preferably, in the ecological stream ditch, the length and the width of the stream ditch are determined according to actual drainage peak values of the discharge port and the culvert, and the drainage peak value is 0.1m per second3The area of the/s corresponding brook is about 800-2The effective depth of the brook is 0.8-1.2 m; crushed stones such as stones and cobblestones are scattered in the stream ditch, and the particle size is 5-50 cm. The route is arranged in a winding manner, and the tail end of the ecological stream ditch adopts a multi-stage flow dividing form; simulating naturally scattered broken stones such as stones with the particle size of 50-150cm and cobblestones with the particle size of 5-15cm in the brook ditch; and (3) scattering aquatic herbaceous plant seeds with strong resistance, such as polygonum hydropiper, tuber carex, flat-ear verbena, flat-rhizome sparganium and the like, in the stream ditch, and allowing the seeds to freely grow. Ecological stream ditch sets up torrential flood entrance, plays to precipitate partial silt, suspended solid etc. torrential flood power initial stage energy dissipation, plays the effect such as solidification metalling, filtration interception and carry pollutant in the absorption water body simultaneously behind the aquatic herbaceous plant growth to have the view effect concurrently.
Preferably, 15 to 20Reserving natural vegetation in the sloping field; the horizontal and longitudinal spacing of the arbor in the 5-15 degree sloping field area is 5m, and every row is planted in a staggered mode; planting the shrub into a wider strip-shaped shrub strip according to the current situation of the field, wherein the planting density is 4-9 plants/m according to different plant types2The strip-shaped direction and the incoming water angle form an inclination angle of 90-120 degrees; the herbaceous plants are densely planted in the whole area, and the planting density is 20-30 plants/m according to different plant types2(ii) a Selecting arbor and shrub plants in 0-5 ° slope region, and planting density of 40-50 plants/m2。
Preferably, the section form of the ecological grass planting ditch adopts an inverted parabolic shape, a triangular shape or a trapezoidal shape; the slope gradient (vertical: horizontal) of the ecological grass planting ditch is not more than 1:3, the longitudinal slope is not more than 4%, and the ecological grass planting ditch is arranged to be of a ladder type when the longitudinal slope is larger or is provided with an energy dissipation sill midway; the plant species can be selected from turfgrass (Bermuda grass, zoysia japonica, etc.), emergent aquatic plants (canna indica, thaliana, saxifraga, etc.) or submerged plants (tape grass, hydrilla verticillata, potamogeton malabarica, etc.).
In the above scheme, the plant species with developed root system is selected mainly from native plants, and the arbor is mainly selected from one or more of yellow pueraria tree, banyan tree, sweet osmanthus flower, complex feather leaf goldenrain tree, camphor tree and cinnamomum japonicum (the same way is described later); the wet arbor is mainly selected from Sequoia, Metasequoia glyptostroboides, weeping willow and Chinese ash; the shrub is mainly selected from Ligustrum lucidum ait, Rhododendron simsii, Loropetalum chinense, Aleurites fordii, Serissa serissoides, Aedes aegypti, Pittosporum tenuifolium, Japanese coral tree, etc.; the herbs are selected from herba Cynodonti dactylophori, herba zoysiae, Ophiopogon japonicus, radix Ophiopogonis, herba Reineckeae Carneae, and rhizoma Iridis Tectori.
In the scheme, the landscape plants comprise landscape trees such as Japanese evening primrose, spidery flowering peach, red maple, albizia julibrissin and the like; landscape shrubs such as ligustrum japonicum, cuphea tenuifolia, erythrina indica, rhododendron, loropetalum chinense and the like; grass, such as Bermuda grass, Japanese iris, Rabdosia trichocarpa, etc.
In the scheme, the land and water staggered belt is used for planting the hygrophyte trees, emergent aquatic plants and floating-leaf plants with good water purification effect and landscape effect in the water shore area with the water depth of 0-0.5 m.
In the scheme, the emergent aquatic plants mainly adopt canna, thalictrum ramosissimum, saxifrage, pinnax piniperi, acorus calamus and reed.
In the above scheme, in the underwater ecological purification zone, the 'last kilometer' of mountain torrent purification which does not intercept the final water entering is filled in the range of 0.5-3m (excluding 0.5m) underwater: a carbon fiber purification system is arranged in the range of 0.5-1m (excluding 1m), and pioneer submerged plants are planted in the range of 1-2m (excluding 2m) of water depth to purify water; an ecological isolation zone is arranged at the position of 2-3m of the water depth to enclose the mountain torrent outlet in the catchment area; the silt carried by the flood entering the water and the mountain torrents is intercepted together.
In the scheme, the aeration and oxygenation facilities with landscape effects are arranged at the position where the water power of the bank bay area is insufficient.
Preferably, the planting distance of the wet trees planted in the land and water staggered belt is 3-5 m; emergent aquatic plants and floating-leaf plants with planting density of 15-25 plants/m2。
In the scheme, the underwater ecological purification zone consists of a carbon fiber microbial purification zone, a submerged plant purification system and an ecological isolation zone.
Preferably, the underwater ecological purification zone further comprises an aeration and oxygenation facility which is arranged at the position where the water power of the bank bay area is insufficient.
In the scheme, the carbon fiber purification system is arranged in a region with the water depth of 0.5-1m (not including 1m), a carbon fiber purification unit is installed at the front section of a torrential flood inflow lake reservoir, carbon fiber purification belts are longitudinally provided with carbon fiber modules with fixed microbial strains along the water flow direction, and the carbon fiber modules are arranged in a square matrix; the carbon fiber module comprises a water inlet area, a water distribution area and a contact reaction area, wherein a guide plate is arranged between the water inlet area and the water distribution area and guides the efficiency of the entering water flow to the water distribution area; the water distribution area is connected with the contact reaction area by adopting a partition plate provided with water holes, the contact reaction area is filled with carbon fiber grass, and a microbial agent is attached to the surface of the contact reaction area; the water treated by the contact reaction zone is further introduced into the next carbon fiber module; compared with the traditional mode of directly laying the bionic aquatic weeds, the carbon fiber purification system adopted by the invention has the advantages that the modularization is realized, the installation is convenient and fast, the partition is arranged in the carbon fiber purification system, the hydraulic retention time is prolonged, the reaction is more sufficient, the water purification effect is better, the microbial strains after the activation and the propagation are solidified in advance in the modularization mode, and the problems of troublesome field activation and propagation of the microorganisms, difficult feeding and spraying and the like in the conventional technology are solved.
In the scheme, the specific surface area of the carbon fiber grass is 64000-80000m2/m3Compared with traditional bionic aquatic weeds, elastic fillers and combined fillers, the inorganic polymer fiber with the carbon content of more than 90 percent has the advantages of large specific surface area, high adsorbability, good hydrophilic property and the like, has efficient enrichment and activation effects on microorganisms, and can provide a larger attachment area for the microorganisms so as to achieve the effects of quickly adsorbing and degrading pollutants and purifying water.
In the scheme, the opening rate of the partition plate with the water holes is 80-90%, and the hole diameter is 30-50 cm.
In the scheme, the microbial strains are mixed microbial agents formed by deodorized bacillus (20-30%), nitrobacteria (10-20%), photosynthetic bacteria (10-20%), denitrifying bacteria (10-20%), bacillus subtilis (30-40%) and the like, and the mixed microbial agents are put into a carbon fiber module after being activated and expanded, wherein the adding dose is 0.8-2.5 mg/L.
In the scheme, before the microbial strains are used, activation and amplification culture are further carried out, and the specific steps comprise: firstly, mixing the mixed microbial inoculum and lake and reservoir raw water in a mass ratio of 1: 2-1: 5 to prepare microbial inoculum suspension, then blending and dissolving nutrient sources such as glucose and starch and the microbial inoculum suspension in a mass ratio of 1:1, then adding the mixture into an expanding culture barrel, then using an aerator to oxygenate and aerate for more than 24-48 h, activating and expanding the strains, and finally adding the expanded strains into a carbon fiber purification module to be fixedly grown on carbon fibers. Compared with the similar technology, the method has the advantages that the activation and propagation mode is convenient to operate and suitable for engineering application, and the strain is combined with the carbon fiber unit to form a modular product, so that construction and installation are facilitated.
In the scheme, the submerged plant purification area is arranged in an area with the water depth of 1-2m and the planting density of 100-120 plants/m2。
In the scheme, the pioneer submerged plants are mainly selected from the group consisting of tape grass, hydrilla verticillata, elodea nutans, potamogeton crenata, potamogeton malaianus and the like.
In the scheme, the ecological isolation belt is arranged on a riverbed at the position of 2-3m of water area offshore water depth near water outlet areas such as a lake outlet, a culvert, a catchment area and the like, and comprises a foundation bearing layer, a filler area and a planting base; wherein the basic supporting layer is fixed on the riverbed, the filler area is arranged at the upper part of the basic supporting layer, the side surface of the filler area is surrounded by the planting base, and the filler area is arranged at the upper part of the basic supporting layer; wherein the filling area is a close-packed structure formed by sequentially adding gravel, melon seed pieces and porous filter materials; wherein the particle size of the gravel is 10-50mm, the particle size of the melon seed tablet is 5-10mm, and the particle size of the porous filter material (volcanic rock, zeolite, etc.) is 2-5 mm; the grass planting base is formed by filling 5-10mm gravels and grass seeds into a textile cloth bag to form a rectangular module and then stacking and arranging; the functions of further adsorbing nitrogen, phosphorus and the like of pollutants, reducing turbidity and weakening the influence of scouring are exerted, and meanwhile, the function of stabilizing the isolation belt is also exerted. In the conventional technology, ecological isolation is usually a green vegetation zone which is mainly used for ecological lands such as forest lands, wet lands, agricultural lands, gardens and the like at the periphery of a city or between groups. When the filter material is applied to water environment treatment, the filter material is filled in the enclosure with a rectangular cross section for use, so that the effect of intercepting and filtering is achieved. But the disadvantages are complex filling mode of the filter material, poor hydraulic shock resistance, and poor stability and purification effect. Compared with the conventional process, the invention has the advantages of good biological adhesion performance and stronger impact resistance. Strong pollutant degradation capability, more convenient construction and the like.
In the scheme, the ecological isolation belt is of a trapezoidal section, and the gradient is 1:1-1: 2.
In the scheme, the foundation bearing layer is fixed by adopting a timber pile; binding an ecological floating bed above to plant emergent aquatic plants; the stake is arranged with cockscomb structure V style of calligraphy, and the stake of arranging than conventional technique style of calligraphy, mutual atress extrusion between the adjacent pile foundation prevents to receive the external force effect to take place to shift.
Preferably, an oxygenation aeration facility is arranged in a region with insufficient hydrodynamic force in a bay area, and a vane-wheel aerator is a technology commonly used at home and abroad at present aiming at mountainous deep water lakes and reservoirs. Selecting a water-lifting aerator with the power of 0.37-0.75kW and the oxygen increasing capacity of 1.0-2.8kgO2H, circulation flux 150m3H is used as the reference value. The water lifting type aerator does not need a water pump and realizes landscape building and water purification fountain by arranging a pipeline system. Is a rapid oxygen increasing system, has good oxygen increasing effect, is economical and portable, and has beautiful shape and unique landscaping effect compared with the traditional impeller type oxygen increasing machine.
The plants to be used in the present invention are not limited to those mentioned above, and any specific indigenous plants may be used without affecting the effect of the present invention.
In the scheme, the maximum water depth of the mountain land type deep water landscape lake reservoir is more than 7 m.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
1) the invention provides a mountainous-type deep-water landscape lake and reservoir multi-interface gradient treatment method, which is combined with landscape construction, adopts an ecological restoration method to dissipate and filter mountain torrents, reduces the impact of the mountain torrents on lake and reservoir water ecology, and innovatively sets an underwater ecological purification zone to complement the 'last kilometer' technology for purifying the mountain torrents; the method has the advantages of ecology, low cost, sustainability, high efficiency, beautiful appearance, good water purification effect and the like, and the water quality of the treated mountain lakes and reservoirs can reach the four-class water standard of the earth surface; the defects of high construction difficulty, high operation and maintenance cost and the like in the conventional treatment technology can be effectively overcome;
2) by adopting the treatment method, inflow peak flow can be effectively reduced, kinetic energy of the torrential flood is weakened, silt carried by the torrential flood is filtered, and the torrential flood energy dissipation is realized, so that the problem of impact on the mountain lake reservoir is solved; according to local conditions, investment cost is effectively saved, and operation and maintenance cost is reduced by 30% compared with the conventional technology.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic sectional view of a mountain torrent ecological intercepting and purifying system according to an embodiment of the present invention;
the ecological energy dissipation filter belt comprises three parts, namely a land energy dissipation filter belt 1, a land and water staggered plant belt 2 and an underwater ecological purification belt 3, wherein 1-1 is an ecological stream ditch, 1-2 is a natural vegetation belt based on a 15-20-degree sloping field, 1-3 is an ecological energy dissipation filter belt based on a 5-15-degree sloping field, 1-4 is a landscape plant belt based on a 0-5-degree sloping field, and 1-5 is an ecological grass planting ditch; 3-1 is a carbon fiber microbial purification system, 3-2 is a submerged plant purification system, and 3-3 is an ecological isolation zone; 3-4 aeration and oxygenation equipment.
Fig. 2 is a schematic plan view of a 5-15 deg. slope arbor staggered planting.
FIG. 3 is a sectional view of ecological isolation employed in one embodiment of the present invention; wherein 3-3-1 is a planting base, and 3-3-2 is a basic supporting layer; 3-3-3 is a filling area; 3-3-4 are wooden piles.
Fig. 4 is a layout view of ecological isolation timber piles used in one embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention is further described in detail with reference to the following embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the invention.
Example 1
A mountain torrent ecological intercepting and purifying system for mountain land type deep water landscape lakes and reservoirs aims at that a certain normal water storage level is 206.0m, and the reservoir capacity of the normal water storage level is 178.4 ten thousand m3After the water is stored to 206m, the area of a natural water area is about 588 mu, the maximum water depth is 12.0m, and the average water depth is 4.5 m; the structure schematic diagram of a certain mountain land type deepwater landscape reservoir with SS and TP exceeding standards after being impacted by mountain floods in rainy season (summer) is shown in figure 1; the method comprises the steps that a land energy dissipation filter belt 1, a land and water staggered plant belt 2 and an underwater ecological purification belt 3 are sequentially arranged from land slopes of lakes and reservoirs to underwater areas; wherein the land energy dissipation filter belt 1 comprises an ecological stream ditch 1-1, a natural vegetation belt 1-2 based on a slope land of 15-20 degrees, an ecological energy dissipation filter belt 1-3 based on a slope land of 5-15 degrees, a landscape plant belt 1-4 based on a slope land of 0-5 degrees and an ecological grass planting ditch 1-5 which are sequentially arranged from top to bottom along the land side slope of the lake reservoir; the land and water staggered plant 2 zone is arranged in the waterfront area, and the ecological grass planting ditches 1-5 are arranged between the landscape plant zones 1-4 and the waterfront area; the underwater ecological purification zone 3 comprises a carbon fiber purification system 3-1, a pioneer submerged plant zone 3-2 and an ecological isolation zone 3-3 which are arranged in sequence; the concrete treatment and restoration method comprises the following steps:
1) setting land energy dissipation filter belt
S1 lakeThe reservoir area has 3 torrential flood drainage culverts, the water discharged from the culverts forms a natural stream ditch which is discharged into the reservoir area, the length of the natural stream ditch is about 1.5km, and the drainage peak value is 0.29m3And/s, performing amplification reconstruction on the original stream ditch to construct an ecological stream ditch 1-1, wherein the effective water depth of the stream ditch is 1m, the length of the stream ditch is 1.5km, the average width of the stream ditch is 2m, and the area of the stream ditch is about 3000m2Broken stones such as stones and cobblestones are simulated to be naturally scattered in the brook ditch, the grain diameter of the stones is 50-150cm, and the grain diameter of the cobblestones is 5-15 cm; scattering polygonum hydropiper, tuber carex, flat-ear verbena and flat-rhizome trigone herbaceous seeds;
s2, reserving natural vegetation on a 15-20-degree slope of a hillside of a lake reservoir to form a primary plant zone 1-2; continuously planting 1-3 plant zones along a slope surface with the angle of 5-15 degrees, wherein the trees are mainly planted by mixing and matching banyan trees, pueraria lobata trees, valencene trees, cinnamomum japonicum and cinnamomum camphora, the plant height of the trees is more than 5m, the crown width is more than 3m, the transverse and longitudinal spacing between the plants is 5m, and the trees are planted in a staggered mode; the shrub is planted in a strip form by matching golden leaf privet, thin leaf cuphea flower, pittosporum tobira, rhododendron, red flower loropetalum chinense, mosquitos treeing and Japanese coral tree, the planting width is about 3m, the height is 0.8-1.5m, and the angle of the planting with the incoming water is 90-120 degrees; the herbaceous plant is selected from short herbaceous and ground cover plant such as herba Cynodonti dactylophorae, herba zoysiae, radix Ophiopogonis, Ophiopogon japonicus, Iris japonica, herba Reineckeae Carneae, etc.;
finally, planting 1-4 landscape plant belts along the slope surface with the angle of 0-5 degrees, wherein the landscape plant belts comprise landscape trees and landscape herbaceous plants, landscape trees such as Japanese evening primrose, spiderless flowering peach, red maple, albizia julibrissin and the like, landscape shrubs such as ligustrum japonicum, cuphea tenuifolia, erythrina indica, rhododendron, red flower loropetalum and the like, and herbaceous landscape plants such as bermuda koenigii, zoysia tenuifolia, Japanese iris, kohlrabi and the like are planted in a landscape design matching mode;
s3, constructing 1-5 ecological grass planting ditches between the bank sides of the lake and reservoir areas and the plant belts, wherein the slope (vertical: horizontal) of the side slopes is 1:2, the longitudinal slopes are 3%, the width of the grass planting ditches is 0.5m, the depth of the grass planting ditches is 0.3m, the sections of the grass planting ditches are inverted parabolic lines, and bermuda grass and zoysia japonica are planted;
2) set up the land and water and stagger the belt
Constructing land and water interlaced belts 2 in the area with the water depth of 0.3-0.8m on the bank side of the lake and reservoir, planting weeping willow, metasequoia and other hygrophytic trees with the planting distance of 5m, and planting Thalictrum and barracuda in cooperation with landscape designEmergent aquatic plants such as grass, calamus, cattail, canna, etc. with a planting density of 20 plants/m2(ii) a Planting water lily, Xinnao, water shield and other floating leaf plants at a planting density of 20 plants/m2；
3) Setting up ecological purification area under water
S4, in a water depth area of 0.5-1m (not including 1m), arranging a central carbon fiber purification unit at the front section of a torrential flood inflow lake reservoir, wherein the carbon fiber purification unit is formed by arranging carbon fiber modules of fixed microbial strains in a matrix, and the microorganisms adopt mixed microbial agents formed by 20 wt% of deodorized bacillus, 20 wt% of nitrobacteria, 10 wt% of photosynthetic bacteria, 20 wt% of denitrifying bacteria and 30 wt% of bacillus subtilis, are put into the carbon fiber modules after being activated and expanded, and the putting dose is 0.8 mg/L; the activation mode is that the microbial inoculum and the lake reservoir raw water are mixed according to the mass ratio of 1:5 to prepare microbial inoculum suspension, then glucose and the microbial inoculum suspension are mixed and dissolved according to the mass ratio of 1:1 and then are added into an expanding culture barrel, an aerator is used for oxygen aeration for more than 24 to activate the expanding culture, and the expanded culture is added into a carbon fiber purification module and is fixedly grown on carbon fiber;
the carbon fiber modules are arranged in a square matrix; the carbon fiber module comprises a water inlet area, a water distribution area and a contact reaction area, wherein a guide plate is arranged between the water inlet area and the water distribution area and guides the efficiency of the entering water flow to the water distribution area; the water distribution area is connected with the contact reaction area by adopting a partition plate provided with water holes, the contact reaction area is filled with carbon fiber, and a microbial agent is attached to the surface of the contact reaction area; the water treated by the contact reaction zone is further introduced into the next carbon fiber module;
s5, arranging 3-3 submerged plants in the water area with the water depth of 1-2m, selecting the common sowthistle herb, the hydrilla verticillata and the potamogeton malaianus to be matched and planted in the area with the water depth of 2-4m, and planting the plants with the planting density of 120 plants/m2；
S6, arranging 20m ecological isolation belts (with gradient of 1:1-1: 2) with trapezoidal sections at the position 2-3m deep in water, enclosing in a rectangular manner, wherein the ecological isolation zone comprises a basic bearing layer 3-3-2, a filler area 3-3-3 and a planting base 3-3-1, fixing and connecting a basic supporting layer 3-3-2 at the bottom of a river bed by using timber piles 3-3-4, binding an ecological floating bed above the timber piles 3-3-4 to plant emergent aquatic plants, selecting canna and then planting the plants in a matching way, arranging the timber piles 3-3-4 in a zigzag V shape, arranging a filler area 3-3-3 at the upper part of the basic supporting layer 3-3-2, and adding gravel, melon seed sheets and porous filter materials in sequence to form a close-packed structure in the filler area 3-3-3; wherein the particle size of the gravel is 10-50mm, the particle size of the melon seed tablet is 5-10mm, and the particle size of the porous filter material (volcanic rock and zeolite) is 2-5 mm; a grass planting base region 3-3-1 is added on the side surface of the ecological isolation zone 3-3, a filler region 3-3-3 is enclosed, and the grass planting base 3-3-1 is formed by packing 5-10mm gravels and grass seeds into a rectangular module by a textile cloth bag and stacking and arranging the rectangular module;
s6, in the areas with obvious algae and other floaters gathering water power shortage in the water surface of the bay areas of the lakes and reservoirs, 12 water lifting type aerators 3-4 are arranged at the position about 10m away from the shore of each bay area, each aerator has the power of 0.37kW and the oxygen increasing capacity of 1.2kgO2H, circulation flux 150m3And h, the floating beds are all arranged on the floating bed, and the bottom of the floating bed is fixed at the bottom of the lake in a traction manner.
Comparative example
To test the overall effectiveness of the system described in example 1, 3 control groups were placed in this area.
And (4) selecting a representative mountain torrent catchment area with the original appearance of the site from the comparison group 1, and keeping the site in an original state without any treatment.
And the contrast group 2 selects a mountain torrent catchment area with the original appearance representativeness of the site, and only a land energy dissipation filter belt and a land-water staggered belt are arranged at the mountain torrent catchment area of the site, and an underwater ecological purification belt is not arranged.
And (3) selecting a representative mountain torrent catchment area with the original appearance of the site, constructing a lake and reservoir clear water type water ecological system by adopting the conventional common lake and reservoir ecological restoration technology, and arranging an ecological grass planting ditch on the bank side.
A flowmeter is arranged at the water inlet of the catchment area, sampling detection is carried out 3 days after the water quality data is heavy rain, and the data in 7 months is shown in a table 1 (total nitrogen is not checked).
TABLE 1 monitoring results obtained by different treatment means
The results show that the peak value of the water inlet amount is less than 0.1m after the treatment by the treatment means of the invention3And/s, the reservoir water body has no obvious turbidity after torrential flood impact, the transparency reaches more than 2m, and the water quality is stable and reaches IV-class water.
Compared with the control group 1, the COD removal rate reaches 34.9 percent, and NH is added3The N removal rate reaches 53.0 percent, the TP removal rate reaches 89.3 percent, and the SS removal rate reaches 71.2 percent;
compared with a control group 2, SS interception effect is similar, but water quality is obviously improved due to the addition of an underwater purification section, so that the system is different from a common conventional plant interception mode, adds the last kilometer of mountain torrent inflow water quality purification, and has the advantages of ecology, low cost, sustainability, high efficiency, attractiveness, good water quality purification effect and the like.
Compared with the control group 3, the water quality purification effect of the SS, transparency, mountain torrent peak value and underwater ecological purification zone is superior to that of the traditional clear water type water ecological construction by adopting the treatment method.
In conclusion, the invention provides a multi-interface gradient ecological management and restoration method aiming at the influence of mountain torrents on mountain land type deep water landscape lakes and reservoirs, which can effectively weaken kinetic energy of the mountain torrents, intercept silt carried by the mountain torrents, play a certain role in water body purification, and have the characteristics of ecology, low cost, high efficiency and attractive appearance.
It is apparent that the above embodiments are only examples for clearly illustrating and do not limit the embodiments. Other variations and modifications will be apparent to persons skilled in the art in light of the above description. And are neither required nor exhaustive of all embodiments. And obvious variations or modifications are therefore intended to be included within the scope of the invention as claimed.
Claims (10)
1. A multi-interface gradient treatment method for mountain-type deepwater landscape lakes and reservoirs is characterized in that firstly, a treatment area of the lakes and reservoirs is divided into three parts, namely an onshore side slope, a waterfront area and an underwater area from top to bottom along a side slope; the method comprises the steps of sequentially arranging a land energy dissipation filter belt, a land and water staggered belt and an underwater ecological purification belt from land slopes of lakes and reservoirs to underwater areas; wherein the land energy dissipation filter belt comprises an ecological stream ditch, a gradient ecological slope land and an ecological grass planting ditch which are sequentially arranged from top to bottom along the land side slope of the lake reservoir; the land and water interlaced belt is arranged in the waterfront area; the underwater ecological purification zone comprises a carbon fiber microbial purification zone, a submerged plant purification system and an ecological isolation zone which are sequentially arranged.
2. The gradient governing method according to claim 1, wherein the slope of the lakeside slope on land is 0-20 °; the water depth of the waterfront area is 0-0.5 m; the depth of water in the underwater region of the lake reservoir is 0.5-3 m.
3. The gradient governing method according to claim 1, wherein an ecological stream ditch is arranged between the point source water outlet and the lake and reservoir side slope.
4. The gradient governing method according to claim 1, wherein the gradient ecological sloping field comprises a 15-20 ° sloping field, a 5-15 ° sloping field and a 0-5 ° sloping field region, wherein the 15-20 ° sloping field region retains native natural vegetation; selecting arbor, shrub and grass local plants with developed root systems in a sloping field area of 5-15 degrees for matching, arranging and planting arbors, and densely planting shrubs and grasses; selecting landscape arbor and shrub plants for combination and collocation in a 0-5-degree sloping field area; an ecological grass planting ditch is arranged 2-3m away from the normal water level of the lake and the reservoir.
5. The gradient governing method according to claim 4, wherein the trees in the 5-15 ° sloping field area are planted in a staggered manner at a horizontal and vertical interval of 5 m; planting strip shrubs according to the current situation of the field, wherein the planting density is 4-9 plants/m2The strip-shaped direction and the incoming water angle form an inclination angle of 90-120 degrees; the whole area is densely planted with herbaceous plants, and the planting density is 20-30 plants/m2(ii) a Selecting arbor and shrub plants in 0-5 ° slope region, and planting density of 40-50 plants/m2。
6. The gradient treatment method according to claim 1, wherein the amphibious interleave belts plant hygrophyte trees, emergent aquatic plants and floating-leaf plants in a waterfront area with a water depth of 0-0.5 m.
7. The gradient governing method according to claim 1, wherein in the underwater ecological purification zone, a carbon fiber microorganism purification zone is arranged in a range of 0.5-1m underwater, submerged plants are planted in a range of 1-2m water depth for purifying water quality, and an ecological isolation zone is arranged in a position of 2-3m water depth for enclosing a flood outlet in a catchment area.
8. The gradient governing method according to claim 1, wherein the carbon fiber purification zone is provided with carbon fiber modules with immobilized microorganism strains longitudinally along the direction of torrential flow of the torrential flood, the carbon fiber modules being arranged in a square matrix; the carbon fiber module comprises a water inlet area, a water distribution area and a contact reaction area, wherein a guide plate is arranged between the water inlet area and the water distribution area, and the guide plate can dissipate energy of the entering water flow and then guide the water flow to the water distribution area; the water distribution area is connected with the contact reaction area by adopting a partition plate provided with water holes, the contact reaction area is filled with carbon fiber, and a microbial agent is attached to the surface of the contact reaction area; the water treated in the contact reaction zone is further introduced into the next carbon fiber module.
9. The gradient treatment method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the submerged plant purification system is installed in an area with a water depth of 1-2m and a planting density of 100-120 plants/m2。
10. The gradient governing method according to claim 1, wherein the ecological isolation zone is arranged on a riverbed at the position of the water area offshore water depth of 2-3m near the water outlet area of the lake reservoir, and comprises a foundation bearing layer, a filling material area and a planting base; wherein the basic bearing layer is fixed on the riverbed, the filler area is arranged at the upper part of the basic bearing layer, and the side surface of the filler area is surrounded by the planting base; wherein the filling area is a close-packed structure formed by sequentially adding gravel, melon seed pieces and porous filter materials; wherein the particle size of the gravel is 10-50mm, the particle size of the melon seed tablet is 5-10mm, and the particle size of the porous filter material is 2-5 mm; the grass planting base is formed by firstly filling 5-10mm gravels and grass seeds into a textile cloth bag to form a rectangular module and then stacking.
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