CN114772739A - Method for improving river water quality and restoring ecology of beach land - Google Patents
Method for improving river water quality and restoring ecology of beach land Download PDFInfo
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- CN114772739A CN114772739A CN202210443536.5A CN202210443536A CN114772739A CN 114772739 A CN114772739 A CN 114772739A CN 202210443536 A CN202210443536 A CN 202210443536A CN 114772739 A CN114772739 A CN 114772739A
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- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
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- C02F3/00—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for improving and ecologically restoring water quality of a river in a sandy beach land, which comprises the steps of enabling river water and farmland non-point source runoff to enter a water collecting area of an artificial wetland, carrying out suspended matter interception treatment through a trash rack, enabling the water flow to enter an ecological overflow pond area of the artificial wetland, enabling the water flow to enter a transverse water collecting channel at the outlet end of the ecological overflow pond area after drop oxygenation treatment, discharging the water flow from a one-way outlet at one end of the transverse water collecting channel, enabling the water flow discharged from the one-way outlet at one end of the transverse water collecting channel to enter a vertical current wet area of the artificial wetland, carrying out microbial degradation treatment, filler absorption and plant absorption treatment, enabling the water flow after the microbial degradation treatment, the filler absorption and the plant absorption treatment to enter a gravity current drainage area of the artificial wetland, and discharging the water flow into the river channel through a plurality of stepped flow channels. The invention is convenient for construction and maintenance, can quickly and conveniently replace the filler, ensures that the constructed wetland keeps the continuous purification function, has low management cost and good implementation effect, and is suitable for wide popularization.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of river beach treatment, in particular to a method for improving river water quality and ecologically restoring river on a beach land.
Background
The beach land is a natural beach land formed by silt deposition on a river bank through which river current flows, and the landform, vegetation coverage, animal and plant inhabitation and the like of the beach land are changed along with the change of the water level of the river current. Because a large amount of silting silt on the beach land is exposed in the environment all the year round, the river ecosystem is discontinuous and tends to ecological fragmentation; moreover, the beach land is sometimes occupied as farmland, and when water and soil loss and other phenomena occur, agricultural non-point source pollution is directly introduced into rivers, so that the water quality is deteriorated, and the recovery of an ecological system is particularly not facilitated.
In recent years, with the construction of ecological corridors and the promotion of protection and restoration of ecological buffer zones of rivers and lakes, large occupied or bare beach lands start to be ecologically transformed, and become an important ring for ecological restoration of river channels. However, the existing restoration measures mainly plant trees, shrubs and emergent aquatic plants suitable for the growth of river beach lands, the water quality and the soil quality cannot be effectively improved, and the ecological management effect of the river channel is not obvious.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problems, the invention provides a method for improving the river water quality and restoring the ecology on the sandy beach, which can adopt the following technical scheme:
the invention relates to a method for improving the water quality and ecologically restoring the river of a sandy beach land, which is realized by arranging an artificial wetland between a farmland and the river and comprises the following steps:
step one, enabling river water and farmland non-point source runoff to enter a water collecting area of the artificial wetland, and performing suspended matter interception treatment through a trash rack at an outlet;
secondly, enabling the water flow subjected to suspended matter interception treatment to enter an ecological overflow pond area of the artificial wetland, enabling the water flow to enter a transverse water collecting channel at the outlet end of the ecological overflow pond area after water drop oxygenation treatment, and discharging the water flow from a one-way outlet at one end of the transverse water collecting channel;
thirdly, water flow discharged from a one-way outlet at one end of the transverse water collecting channel enters a vertical flow wet area of the constructed wetland for microbial degradation treatment, filler absorption and plant absorption treatment;
and fourthly, enabling the water flow after the microbial degradation treatment, the filler absorption and the plant absorption treatment to enter a gravity flow drainage area of the artificial wetland and be discharged into a river channel through a plurality of stepped flow channels.
The water collecting area is provided with a river water inlet and a farmland non-point source runoff inlet, and the river inlet is provided with a flow electric control valve; the trash rack is arranged at a linear water flow outlet of the water collecting area, and the linear water flow outlet is vertical to the water flow direction.
The farmland non-point source runoff inlet is communicated with a grass planting ditch arranged on one side of a farmland, and the unilateral slope ratio of the grass planting ditch is less than or equal to 1:3, the width is 0.5-1 m.
The depth of the ecological overflow pond area is 2.5m, and a water dropping ladder arranged along the water flow direction is arranged in the ecological overflow pond area to enable the slope ratio to reach 1: 3.
And a pond bottom submerged plant layer is arranged between the water fall steps, and an ecological landscape system is arranged in a peripheral shallow water area of the ecological overflow pond area.
The vertical flow wet area is provided with a plurality of transverse partition plates which are arranged in a staggered mode, and a biochemical interception filtering device and a rotary propeller are arranged in a zigzag flow channel formed by the transverse partition plates.
The biochemical interception filtering device comprises a plurality of filtering units, each filtering unit comprises a steel bar framework and a material storage drawer, and the steel bar framework is provided with three material storage cavities which are vertically overlapped; the material storage drawers are three corresponding to the material storage cavities, each material storage drawer is provided with a bottom surface and a side surface of a honeycomb lattice bingo, membrane hanging biological filler balls are filled in the material storage drawer at the lower layer, basketry filler is filled in the material storage drawer at the middle layer, and plant growth soil for planting emergent aquatic plants is filled in the material storage drawer at the upper layer.
The heights of the material storage drawers are respectively 30cm, 40cm and 20cm from bottom to top.
The rotary propeller is arranged at one end, close to a river, in the zigzag-shaped flow channel.
The gravity flow drainage area is provided with an L-shaped water collecting channel communicated with the zigzag-shaped flow channel, the L-shaped water collecting channel comprises a first section and a second section, the first section is transversely arranged close to the vertical flow wetland area, the second section is arranged close to one side of a farmland, the stepped flow channels are arranged in an area enclosed by the L-shaped water collecting channel, the inlet end of each stepped flow channel is correspondingly communicated with a water outlet formed in the second section, a water distributor is arranged at the position of the water outlet, three steps formed by building ecological bricks are arranged in each stepped flow channel, and an anti-seepage film and a planting soil layer for planting emergent aquatic plants are sequentially arranged on each three step from bottom to top.
The method for improving the river water quality and ecologically restoring the sand beach land adopts the mode of arranging the artificial wetland between the farmland and the river to guide the upstream incoming water into the beach, intercept and purify agricultural non-point source pollution, purify the river water quality and improve the self-purification capacity of the river water body; meanwhile, sandy soil is effectively improved, river channel scouring and water and soil loss are prevented, the ecological system of the river beach land is restored on the basis of not damaging the original flood control function of the river channel, the habitat of the river bank zone is created, diversified ecological galleries are built, and the biological diversity of the river beach land is increased. The invention is convenient for construction and maintenance, can quickly and conveniently replace the filler, ensures that the constructed wetland keeps the continuous purification function, has low management cost and good implementation effect, and is suitable for wide popularization.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a schematic view of the structure of the filter unit of fig. 1.
Fig. 3 is a schematic view illustrating an installation state of the filter unit of fig. 1.
Fig. 4 is a schematic structural view of the stepped flow channel in fig. 1.
Detailed Description
The following describes embodiments of the present invention in detail with reference to the drawings, and the embodiments are implemented on the premise of the technical solution of the present invention, and the detailed embodiments are given, but the scope of the present invention is not limited to the following embodiments.
The method for improving the water quality and ecologically restoring the river of the sand beach land is realized by arranging the artificial wetland between a farmland and the river, wherein the artificial wetland comprises a water collecting area, an ecological overflow pond area, a vertical flow wet area and a gravity flow drainage area which are sequentially arranged along the water flow direction.
Specifically, as shown in fig. 1 to 4, the water collection area is located at the upstream, and is a water flow inlet of the artificial wetland system, and is used for receiving river inflow and farmland non-point source runoff, wherein a flow electric control valve 11 is installed at a river water inlet of the water collection area, and can adjust the water quantity according to the water quality; for farmland non-point source runoff, the farmland non-point source runoff inlet is connected with a farmland non-point source runoff inlet of a water collecting area through a grass planting ditch 12 arranged on one side of a farmland. Normally, the unilateral slope ratio of the grass planting ditch 12 is less than or equal to 1:3, the width is 0.5-1 m. The water flow entering the water collecting area 1 is temporarily stopped and then discharged to the ecological overflow pond area through the straight water outlet 13 of the water collecting area. The straight water outlet 13 is perpendicular to the water flow direction, and a trash rack is arranged at the position and used for intercepting suspended matters in the water flow and primarily purifying the water flow.
The ecological overflow pond area is mainly used for drop water oxygenation of water flow, emergent aquatic plants, stone blocks 21, wood piles and the like can be arranged in peripheral shallow water areas to form an ecological landscape system, and the landscape effect is enhanced. One or more (two in fig. 1) ponds 22 in the ecological overflow pond area can be arranged in parallel according to a landscape design scheme, the depth of each pond 22 is 2.5m, the slope ratio is 1:3, and the ecological overflow pond area is realized through one-stage or multi-stage water drop steps 23 arranged along the water flow direction. The drop steps 23 are formed by ecological bricks, and pond bottom submerged plant layers are arranged between the adjacent drop steps 22, so that local dominant species can be selected for planting according to the proportion, and the purpose of drop oxygenation is fully realized when water flows pass through the region. The outlet end of the ecological overflow lagoon is also provided with a transverse catchment channel 24 in the form of a one-way outlet arrangement, typically located on the side adjacent the river and from there into the vertical flow wet area.
The vertical flow wet area is internally provided with a biochemical interception and filtration device which is sequentially divided into a biodegradation layer, a filler filtration layer and an object utilization layer from bottom to top. Two layers of membrane-forming biological filler balls 31 with the diameter of 10cm are laid on the biological degradation layer, and the membrane-forming biological filler balls 31 are subjected to membrane formation in an anaerobic environment by utilizing activated sludge of an anaerobic digestion tank in a local sewage treatment plant; the filter layer of the filler is filled with the basketry filler 32, so that the filter layer has better denitrification and dephosphorization effects; the plant utilization layer is filled with plant growth soil 33 which is formed by mixing gravels with the diameter of 30-50mm and planting soil according to the proportion of 2:1, and a small amount of plant bio-based nutrient additive is added for planting emergent aquatic plants with developed root systems. When water flow passes through the biochemical interception and filtration device, the microbial degradation, filler absorption and plant absorption of impurities in the water flow can be realized.
In this embodiment, a plurality of transverse partition plates 34 arranged in a staggered manner are installed in the vertical flow wet area, and the transverse partition plates 34 can form a zigzag-shaped flow channel capable of prolonging the actual path length of the water flow, so that the impurity degradation and absorption effects can be improved. The biochemical interception filtering device is composed of a plurality of filtering units, can be flexibly assembled and disassembled according to the specific structure of the flow channel, and is convenient for filler replacement and later maintenance. The filtering unit comprises three material storage cavities which are vertically overlapped and formed by a steel reinforcement framework 35, a material storage drawer 36 is arranged in each material storage cavity, the bottom surface and the side surface of each material storage drawer 36 are packaged by a honeycomb lattice guest net, and when the filler needs to be installed or replaced, the corresponding material storage drawer 36 only needs to be horizontally pulled out. The three material storage drawers 36 of each filtering unit are respectively used for filling biofilm culturing biological filler balls 31, rice basketry fillers 32 and plant growth soil 33 from bottom to top, and the heights of the three material storage drawers 36 are respectively 30cm, 40cm and 20 cm. In order to increase the water flow rate, a rotary propeller 37 (commercially available) may be installed at a bent portion of the zigzag flow channel where a hydraulic dead angle is likely to be formed. In this embodiment, the rotary propellers 37 are all installed at one end of the zigzag flow passage close to the river.
The water outlet of the vertical flow wet area is communicated with the L-shaped water collecting channel 41 of the gravity flow drainage area. The L-shaped water collecting channel 41 includes a first section disposed horizontally near the vertical flow wetland area and a second section disposed near one side of the farmland, a plurality of stepped flow channels 42 are disposed in the region enclosed by the first section and the second section, and the inlet end of each stepped flow channel 42 is located at one side of the farmland and the outlet end is located at one side of the river. Specifically, a plurality of water outlets are provided on the second section of the L-shaped collecting channel 41 corresponding to the stepped flow passage 42, and a water distributor 43 is installed at each water outlet, so that the upstream incoming water can be uniformly distributed. In order to make the water flow smoothly discharged into the river channel and increase the landscape effect, three steps (see fig. 4) built by ecological bricks are arranged in each stepped flow channel 42, and an impermeable membrane 44 and a planting soil layer 45 for planting emergent aquatic plants are sequentially arranged on the three steps from bottom to top.
The invention relates to a method for improving the water quality and restoring the ecology of rivers on a beach land, which comprises the following steps:
step one, enabling river water and farmland non-point source runoff to enter a water collecting area of the artificial wetland, and performing suspended matter interception treatment through a trash rack at an outlet; wherein, the river discharge that gets into the water-collecting area can be controlled through flow automatically controlled valve 11, and farmland non-point source runoff then gets into the water-collecting area through grass planting ditch 12, and both carry out the short back that stays in the water-collecting area, realize the preliminary purification function of intercepting the suspended solid through the export trash rack.
Secondly, enabling the water flow subjected to suspended matter interception treatment to enter an ecological overflow pond area of the artificial wetland, enabling the water flow to enter a transverse water collecting channel 24 at the outlet end of the ecological overflow pond area after water drop oxygenation treatment, and discharging the water flow from a one-way outlet at one end of the transverse water collecting channel 24; in the area, submerged plants are planted at the bottom of the ecological overflow pond area, and meanwhile, the ecological overflow pond area is provided with a step-shaped drop structure, so that drop oxygenation treatment of water flow is realized, and subsequent further purification treatment work is facilitated. And emergent aquatic plants, stone blocks 21, wood piles and the like are arranged in the shallow water area of the area, so that the landscape effect can be enhanced.
Thirdly, water flow discharged from a one-way outlet at one end of the transverse water collecting channel 24 enters a vertical flow wet area of the artificial wetland, and when passing through a biochemical interception and filtration device, the microbial degradation, filler absorption and plant absorption of impurities in the water flow can be realized; because the flow channel is in a zigzag shape, a good purification effect can be obtained in a limited space; secondly, be provided with rotatory propeller 37 in the corner of broken line runner, can accelerate the velocity of flow, prevent to produce the rivers dead angle, be favorable to further improving purifying effect. In addition, emergent aquatic plants are planted on the surface layer of the biochemical interception and filtration device, so that the device is not only beneficial to water purification, but also capable of improving ecology and improving landscape effect.
Fourthly, the water flow after the microbial degradation treatment, the filler absorption and the plant absorption treatment enters a gravity flow drainage area of the artificial wetland and is discharged into a river channel through a plurality of stepped flow channels 42; the arrangement mode of the water distribution of the stepped flow passage 42 and the emergent aquatic plants planted on the surface layer effectively improve the landscape effect.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
1) the ecological system has the function of repairing the ecological system of the river channel, the sand and the beach, the habitat of the river bank zone can be created, diversified ecological galleries can be built, and the biological diversity of the river channel and the beach can be increased;
2) the grass planting ditch can intercept farmland non-point source pollution, purify runoff of farmland entering a river and reduce pollution load of entering the river;
3) the artificial wetland system can purify the upstream incoming water, improve the water quality, remove nitrogen and phosphorus and improve the self-purification capacity of the river water body;
4) the soil quality of the sand beach land can be effectively improved, diversified beach land forms are constructed, and river channel scouring and water and soil loss are prevented;
5) the automatic flow electric control valve can control the upstream water inflow according to the wetland treatment capacity, and simultaneously controls the farmland non-point source runoff to directly enter a river by combining the local precipitation and wetland flood control conditions;
6) the three-layer drawer type box body of the filtering unit in the vertical flow wet area is simple and flexible in structure, convenient for later-stage management and filler replacement and simple and convenient to operate;
7) submerged plants and emergent plants are distributed in each functional area, so that the ecological floating bed is wide in coverage area, low in cost, convenient to maintain and transform and obvious in ecological benefit and economic benefit.
It should be noted that in the description of the present invention, terms of orientation or positional relationship such as "front", "rear", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "inner", "outer", etc., are based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the drawings, and are only for convenience of description and simplification of description, but do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and thus, should not be construed as limiting the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A method for improving the water quality and restoring the ecology of a river in a sandy beach land is realized by arranging an artificial wetland between a farmland and the river, and is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step one, enabling river water and farmland non-point source runoff to enter a water collecting area of the artificial wetland, and performing suspended matter interception treatment through a trash rack at an outlet;
secondly, enabling the water flow subjected to suspended matter interception treatment to enter an ecological overflow pond area of the artificial wetland, enabling the water flow to enter a transverse water collecting channel at the outlet end of the ecological overflow pond area after water drop oxygenation treatment, and discharging the water flow from a one-way outlet at one end of the transverse water collecting channel;
thirdly, water flow discharged from a one-way outlet at one end of the transverse water collecting channel enters a vertical flow wet area of the constructed wetland for microbial degradation treatment, filler absorption and plant absorption treatment;
and fourthly, enabling the water flow after the microbial degradation treatment, the filler absorption and the plant absorption treatment to enter a gravity flow drainage area of the artificial wetland and be discharged into a river channel through a plurality of stepped flow channels.
2. The method for improving the water quality and ecologically restoring the river on the beach land according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: the water collecting area is provided with a river water inlet and a farmland non-point runoff inlet, and the river inlet is provided with a flow electric control valve; the trash rack is arranged at a linear water flow outlet of the water collecting area, and the linear water flow outlet is vertical to the water flow direction.
3. The method for improving the quality and restoring the ecology of rivers in sandy beach according to claim 2, characterized in that: the farmland non-point source runoff inlet is communicated with a grass planting ditch arranged on one side of a farmland, and the unilateral slope ratio of the grass planting ditch is less than or equal to 1:3, the width is 0.5-1 m.
4. The method for improving the water quality and ecologically restoring the river of the beach land according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: the depth of the ecological overflow pond area is 2.5m, and a water dropping ladder arranged along the water flow direction is arranged in the ecological overflow pond area to enable the slope ratio to reach 1: 3.
5. The method for improving the water quality and ecologically restoring the river on the beach land according to claim 4, which is characterized in that: and a pond bottom submerged plant layer is arranged between the water fall steps, and an ecological landscape system is arranged in a peripheral shallow water area of the ecological overflow pond area.
6. The method for improving the water quality and ecologically restoring the river of the beach land according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: the vertical flow wet area is provided with a plurality of transverse partition plates which are arranged in a staggered mode, and a biochemical interception filtering device and a rotary propeller are arranged in a zigzag flow channel formed by the transverse partition plates.
7. The method for improving the water quality and ecologically restoring the river in the sandy beach of claim 6, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the biochemical interception filtering device comprises a plurality of filtering units, each filtering unit comprises a steel bar framework and a material storage drawer, and the steel bar framework is provided with three material storage cavities which are vertically overlapped; the material storage drawers are three corresponding to the material storage cavities, each material storage drawer is provided with the bottom surface and the side surface of a honeycomb lattice mesh, membrane hanging biological filler balls are filled in the lower layer material storage drawer, basketry filler is filled in the middle layer material storage drawer, and plant growth soil for planting emergent aquatic plants is filled in the upper layer material storage drawer.
8. The method for improving the water quality and ecologically restoring the river on the beach land according to claim 7, which is characterized in that: the heights of the material storage drawers are respectively 30cm, 40cm and 20cm from bottom to top.
9. The method for improving the quality and restoring the ecology of rivers in sandy beach of claim 6, wherein: the rotary propeller is arranged at one end, close to the river, in the polygonal flow channel.
10. The method for improving the quality and restoring the ecology of rivers in sandy beach of claim 6, wherein: the gravity flow drainage area is provided with an L-shaped water collecting channel communicated with the zigzag-shaped flow channels, the L-shaped water collecting channel comprises a first section and a second section, the first section is transversely arranged close to the vertical flow wetland area, the second section is arranged close to one side of a farmland, the stepped flow channels are arranged in an area enclosed by the L-shaped water collecting channel, the inlet end of each stepped flow channel is correspondingly communicated with a water outlet formed in the second section, a water distributor is arranged at the water outlet, three stages formed by laying ecological bricks are arranged in each stepped flow channel, and an anti-seepage film and a planting soil layer for planting emergent aquatic plants are sequentially arranged on each three stage from bottom to top.
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Cited By (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN117228851A (en) * | 2023-11-03 | 2023-12-15 | 西南林业大学 | Multistage compound constructed wetland system for purifying watershed water |
CN117509921A (en) * | 2024-01-05 | 2024-02-06 | 江苏龙腾工程设计股份有限公司 | Intelligent photovoltaic ecological wetland restoration system for coastal zone of river and lake |
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CN103215920A (en) * | 2013-01-08 | 2013-07-24 | 天津大学 | Sectored multi-step ecological buffer revetment system |
CN206447647U (en) * | 2016-12-01 | 2017-08-29 | 苏州大学 | Artificial wetland with circuitous flow |
CN209872521U (en) * | 2018-11-09 | 2019-12-31 | 山西四建集团有限公司 | Vertical subsurface flow wetland system for preventing perforated pipes and fillers from being blocked |
CN110642384A (en) * | 2019-09-05 | 2020-01-03 | 郑州大学 | Artificial wetland system for reducing river beach and platform land pollution |
CN113772825A (en) * | 2021-10-03 | 2021-12-10 | 台州学院 | Vertical turning flow artificial wetland |
US20210387881A1 (en) * | 2018-12-04 | 2021-12-16 | Zhejiang University | Rural landscape-type ecological ditch nitrogen and phosphorus interception system and method |
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2022
- 2022-04-26 CN CN202210443536.5A patent/CN114772739A/en not_active Withdrawn
Patent Citations (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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CN103215920A (en) * | 2013-01-08 | 2013-07-24 | 天津大学 | Sectored multi-step ecological buffer revetment system |
CN206447647U (en) * | 2016-12-01 | 2017-08-29 | 苏州大学 | Artificial wetland with circuitous flow |
CN209872521U (en) * | 2018-11-09 | 2019-12-31 | 山西四建集团有限公司 | Vertical subsurface flow wetland system for preventing perforated pipes and fillers from being blocked |
US20210387881A1 (en) * | 2018-12-04 | 2021-12-16 | Zhejiang University | Rural landscape-type ecological ditch nitrogen and phosphorus interception system and method |
CN110642384A (en) * | 2019-09-05 | 2020-01-03 | 郑州大学 | Artificial wetland system for reducing river beach and platform land pollution |
CN113772825A (en) * | 2021-10-03 | 2021-12-10 | 台州学院 | Vertical turning flow artificial wetland |
Cited By (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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CN117228851A (en) * | 2023-11-03 | 2023-12-15 | 西南林业大学 | Multistage compound constructed wetland system for purifying watershed water |
CN117509921A (en) * | 2024-01-05 | 2024-02-06 | 江苏龙腾工程设计股份有限公司 | Intelligent photovoltaic ecological wetland restoration system for coastal zone of river and lake |
CN117509921B (en) * | 2024-01-05 | 2024-05-07 | 江苏龙腾工程设计股份有限公司 | Intelligent photovoltaic ecological wetland restoration system for coastal zone of river and lake |
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Application publication date: 20220722 |