CN103125163B - Method for improving water quality of reservoir by utilizing space-time specificities of hydro-fluctuation belt - Google Patents
Method for improving water quality of reservoir by utilizing space-time specificities of hydro-fluctuation belt Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention provides a method for improving water quality of a reservoir by utilizing space-time specificities of a hydro-fluctuation belt. The method comprises the steps of (1) soil preparation of a counter-slope terrace of the hydro-fluctuation belt, (2) plant cultivation, and (3) plant harvest and utilization, and manual harvest for mulberry, crab grass, hemarthria compressa, sticktight and bermuda grass in experimental areas, wherein the mulberry, the crab grass, the hemarthria compressa, the sticktight and the bermuda grass serve as green feed and are used for feeding livestock, and all plants can be respectively harvested in different growth periods and used for fermentation of a methane-generating pit. According to the method for improving the water quality of the reservoir by utilizing the space-time specificities of the hydro-fluctuation belt, potential productivity of land of the gentle slope hydro-fluctuation belt is utilized, economic plants suitable for environment of the hydro-fluctuation belt are selected and planted, the plants can effectively absorb nitrogen, phosphorus and other pollutants in soil during growing, and pollution loads of the soil are reduced through harvest and utilization of the plants. Meanwhile, secondary cumulative pollution for water body due to death of the plants or rot of stem leaves is avoided, when the hydro-fluctuation belt is submerged, biogenic element conversion is generated on a water and soil interface, pollution for the water body due to release of the nitrogen, the phosphorus and the other pollutants in the soil is relieved, or the nitrogen, the phosphorus and the other pollutants in the water body are absorbed, and the aim of improving water quality is achieved.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to water pollution control technology field, specifically a kind of method utilizing falling zone Space-time speciality to improve Reservoir Water Quality.
Background technology
China builds all kinds of reservoir more than 8.6 ten thousand seat, nearly 500,000,000,000 m of aggregate storage capacity
3, while having played the comprehensive benefits such as huge flood control, irrigation, generating, shipping and water supply, defined large-area falling zone in storehouse week.The area of falling zone with become the topography and geomorphology of base area, reservoir level drop is closely related, under normal circumstances, valley or hills property reservoir drawdown band area less, the area of Plain property reservoir drawdown band is larger; Reservoir level drop is large, and the area of falling zone is large, otherwise the area of falling zone is little.By the impact of long-term water erosion and current scour, falling zone plant growth medium becomes material composition and structure alluvial soil layer substantially roughly the same or exposed bedrock, and environmental quality declines, ecological degradation.If Three Gorges Reservoir is be about the river-like reservoir of 660 kilometers, according to the scheduling scheme that Three Gorges Reservoir is existing, water level changes between elevation 145m to 175m before dam, at formation 221.5 hundred million m
3simultaneously, storehouse week forms more than 300 km to storage capacity
2falling zone, relate to district, reservoir area 19 and the Chongqing City of Hubei Province and Chongqing City.Falling zone is by the impact of reservoir level significantly (up to 30m before dam), anti-season fluctuation, and the exposure period is the summer of hot humid; Zhou Cheng market town, storehouse is numerous, densely populated, and socio-economic development level is low, and influencing each other of mankind's activity and falling zone is frequent, complicated.Therefore, the ecological environment problem of Three Gorges Reservoir falling zone causes the extensive concern of society.
The cyclically-varying of large reservoir falling zone plant " seed or rhizomatic germination-grow-flood decomposition-seed or rhizomatic germination " is the key link of falling zone material recycle and energy flow.At present, in Three Gorges Reservoir falling zone, resistance to flooding in drought-enduring plant screening and vegetation construction obtains some achievements, for falling zone ecological management has established certain technical foundation.Three Gorges Reservoir falling zone is land and water alternate environment, the exposure phase, vegetation that is artificial constructed or self-assembling formation served important function in delay, absorption and conversion pollution of area source, but rot at the phase of flooding (the longest Submergence time reaches 8 months every year) Plant death or cauline leaf, pollutant is discharged into water body again, cumulative secondary pollution is caused to Reservoir Water Quality, affects reservoir water Environmental security.
About vegetation construction and the ecological management of falling zone, representative patent of invention mainly contains: " slope vegetation protection method for water body swelling and subsiding zone " (Chinese Patent Application No. 200510033601.3) proposes is carried out bank protection, to prevent and treat swelling and subsiding zone water and soil loss and to afforest swelling and subsiding zone at swelling and subsiding zone structure Leersia Sw grass; " hydro-fluctuation belt grass vegetation constructing method " (Chinese Patent Application No. 200510022662.X) proposes and plants the tuber of dwarf lilyturf in the falling zone of tidal reach, carries out the restoration of the ecosystem of tidal reach falling zone and vegetation construction; It is main, plantation amphibious plants nursery stock is auxiliary vegetation slope pavement scheme that " a kind of method of vegetation slope pavement of level fluctuation zone " (Chinese Patent Application No. 20061006250.0) adopts to the domatic amphibious plants seed of sowing grass seeds by duster of swelling and subsiding zone, swelling and subsiding zone domatic formed tall, to fill with, careless stereoscopic configurations, there is the ecological protection plant community of water and soil conservation and landscape effect; Surviving and can grow well in the falling zone that the vegetation that " Hemarthria compressa and Hemarthria compressa are in reservoir and the vegetation construction of rivers and lakes falling zone and the application in ecological management " (Chinese Patent Application No. 201010611877) proposes to be built by Hemarthria compressa or Hemarthria compressa can be 0 ~ 30 meter in the vertical discrepancy in elevation of fluctuation in stage, the water logging time is 0 ~ 8 month, is applicable to China's reservoir particularly falling zone revegetation of Three Gorges Reservoir and rivers and lakes and ecological management; " a kind of method utilizing lotus to build Three Gorges Reservoir falling zone muskeg " (Chinese Patent Application No. 200910273270) proposes at the red lotus of original farmland ecological region planting of reservoir drawdown band and Hunan lotus seeds, build the muskeg ecosystem, reach the effect of beautifying falling zone view, improve falling zone eco-environmental quality.
About water pollution load summate, representative patent of invention mainly contains: " purification method of polluted lake water body " (Chinese Patent Application No. 200910040965) proposes the pollutant utilizing composite bacteria agent capable to shift, transform and degrade in lake; " a kind of composite artificial ecological floating island and construction method " (Chinese Patent Application No. 200810236944) proposes structure artificial ecological floating island, make it to form minisize ecological group with microorganism by plantation water purification plant, omnibearing stereo catharsis is produced to polluted-water; " a kind of method of in-situ control eutrophic water sedimentary phosphate release " (Chinese Patent Application No. 201010167172) proposes to make ozone and iron salt solutions act on the bed mud-overlying water interface of eutrophication water, under the Strong oxdiative condition that ozone is formed, form the hydroxide flco of iron, from overlying water, phosphorus is removed by absorption and coagulation or complexing, and form thin film at interface, bed mud top layer, the release of further suppression sedimentary phosphate, realizes the release of in-situ control sedimentary phosphate; " ecological repair method for shallow water lake shore zone " (Chinese Patent Application No. 200810019140) proposes to build at Lakeside Zone the in picturesque disorder aquatic vegetation combined with emergent aquactic plant, fluitante, floatingleaved plant and Submerged plant communities, adopts the restoration of the ecosystem comprehensive technical measures such as microorganism, fish, shellfish and water plants to improve water quality.
Above-mentioned falling zone vegetation construction technique, emphasize the resistance to ability of flooding of plant, energy restoration ecosystem after the exposure of falling zone, there is Soil Conservation & Revetment function, but do not relate to screening and the harvesting utilization of decontamination plant, comprise plant own absorption Soil Nitrogen, the ability of phosphorus and ground biomass size, and leaves of plants or part stem rot rotten after can cause cumulative bad secondary pollution to water body; Above-mentioned water pollution load summate technology, directly take biological control measure (microorganism, water plants and animal) for water body or Lakeside Zone, the space-time characteristics not utilizing falling zone exposure and flood is different from the area of space involved by the application's patented technology and environmental quality.
Summary of the invention
The invention provides a kind of method utilizing falling zone Space-time speciality to improve Reservoir Water Quality, the method is based on falling zone Space-time speciality, in the falling zone exposure period by plantation high-effective cleansing plant, results and utilization, cut down soil pollution load, the bioactive elemements being flooded period water-soil environment by falling zone is transformed, alleviate soil pollutant release or absorb water pollutant, reaching the object improving Reservoir Water Quality.
Utilize falling zone Space-time speciality to improve a method for Reservoir Water Quality, comprise the steps:
(1) falling zone reversed terrace wholely: finishing terraced fields plot, makes it smooth and form the micro-counter-slope of 3 ° ~ 5 ° of sloping inwardly in, field face contrary with falling zone slope aspect; Between upper and lower two counter-slopes, build retaining wall, dig trench pit at face toe, along domatic longitudinal drainage trenching; Carry out loose block stone of throwing at lowest water level place, falling zone and form jackstone spats district, jackstone spats district top width, be highly about 2m;
(2) plant cultivating: mulberry selects annual shoot to transplant, distance between rows and hills 100cm × 30cm, first planted by large and small classification segmentation by nursery stock when planting, seedling is planted in edge; Hemarthria compressa selects kind of a stem transplanting method, kind of a stem is cut into 15 ~ 20cm long shoot section, and every section is saved containing 2 ~ 3, trench digging cuttage, ditch depth 10 ~ 15cm, line-spacing 30-40cm, spacing in the rows 15 ~ 20cm; Bermuda grass adopts kind of a stem transplanting method, plants the same Hemarthria compressa of stem transplanting method; Beggar-ticks, Siberian cocklebur all select the seedling of 20 ~ 30cm to transplant, and dig nest field planting when soil is moistening, distance between rows and hills 40 × 40cm;
(3) plant harvest and utilization: hand harvest can be used as green fodder pasture to mulberry, lady's-grass, Hemarthria compressa, beggar-ticks and Bermuda grass, all plants all can be gathered in different growing stages and be fermented for biogas generating pit.
Utilize falling zone Space-time speciality to improve the method for Reservoir Water Quality as above, the cross section of described retaining wall is right-angled trapezium, high 50 ~ 100cm, top width 25 ~ 40cm, bottom width 35 ~ 50cm, 75 ° ~ 80 °, hypotenuse inclination angle.
Utilize falling zone Space-time speciality to improve the method for Reservoir Water Quality as above, the sectional dimension in trench pit and drain ditch is 30cm × 25cm.
The present invention utilizes the productive potential of gentle slope regression zone land, selection growth is applicable to the indigenous economic plants of falling zone environment, plant growth effectively can absorb nitrogen, phosphorus and other pollutants in soil, again by the harvesting utilization (as herbage or biogas generating pit fermentation after harvesting) of plant, reduce soil pollution load, avoid Plant death or cauline leaf to rot to cause twice accumulation contact scar to water body simultaneously; When falling zone is flooded, transform at water-soil environment generation bioactive elemements, alleviate the pollution of Soil Nitrogen, phosphorus and other pollutants release to water body, or nitrogen, phosphorus and other pollutants in absorption water body, reach the object improving water quality, compare with ecological control techniques with the vegetation construction of existing falling zone, avoid Plant death or cauline leaf and rot to cause twice accumulation contact scar to water body, compared with existing water pollution load summate technology, more economically, effectively.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 be the present invention utilize falling zone Space-time speciality improve in the method for Reservoir Water Quality to reservoir drawdown band reversed terrace whole ground generalized section;
Fig. 2 is that the present invention utilizes falling zone Space-time speciality to improve the technical schematic diagram of the method for Reservoir Water Quality.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with the accompanying drawing in the present invention, the technical scheme in the present invention is clearly and completely described.
Within 2011, test in falling zone, Three Geroge of Chongqing Kai Xian little Jiang (also known as Peng Xi river) Pu Lihe left bank, tributary, planting area 30 mu, the floristics of plantation is: mulberry (Morus alba), beggar-ticks (Bidens pilosa), lady's-grass (Digitaria sanguinalis), Hemarthria compressa (Hemarthria altissima), Siberian cocklebur (Xanthium sibiricum), Bermuda grass (Cynodon dactylon).
The present invention utilizes falling zone Space-time speciality to improve the method for Reservoir Water Quality, specifically comprises the steps:
(1) falling zone reversed terrace wholely: as shown in Figure 1, finishing terraced fields plot (being experimental field terraced fields originally), makes it smooth and form the micro-counter-slope of 3 ° ~ 5 ° of sloping inwardly in, field face contrary with falling zone slope aspect; Between upper and lower two counter-slopes, build retaining wall, retaining wall cross section is right-angled trapezium, high 50 ~ 100cm, top width 25 ~ 40cm, bottom width 35 ~ 50cm, 75 ° ~ 80 °, hypotenuse inclination angle; Dig trench pit at face toe, along domatic longitudinal drainage trenching, the sectional dimension in trench pit and drain ditch is 30cm × 25cm, meets plant growth to falling zone soil moisture and nutrient demand.For preventing falling zone, bottom from caving in, carrying out at lowest water level place loose throwing block stone formation jackstone spats district, jackstone spats district top width, being highly about 2m.
(2) plant cultivating: mulberry selects annual shoot to transplant, distance between rows and hills 100cm × 30cm, first planted by large and small classification segmentation by nursery stock when planting, seedling is planted in edge, is convenient to nursing, when avoiding competition for existence, forms uneven phenomenon; Hemarthria compressa selects kind of a stem transplanting method, kind of a stem is cut into 15 ~ 20cm long shoot section, and every section is saved containing 2 ~ 3, trench digging cuttage, ditch depth 10 ~ 15cm, line-spacing 30 ~ 40cm, spacing in the rows 15 ~ 20cm; Bermuda grass adopts kind of a stem transplanting method, plants the same Hemarthria compressa of stem transplanting method; Beggar-ticks, Siberian cocklebur all select the seedling of 20 ~ 30cm to transplant, and dig nest field planting when soil is moistening, distance between rows and hills 40 × 40cm.
(3) plant harvest and utilization: hand harvest is carried out to the mulberry of test region, lady's-grass, Hemarthria compressa, beggar-ticks, Bermuda grass, make green fodder and feed pig, ox and sheep etc., all plants, particularly can not do the plant (as Siberian cocklebur) of feed, all gather in different growing stages and ferment for biogas generating pit.
Reservoir Water Quality improving environment principle is with reference to figure 2, when falling zone exposure, utilize the productive potential of gentle slope regression zone land, selection growth is applicable to the indigenous economic plants of falling zone environment, plant growth effectively can absorb nitrogen, phosphorus and other pollutants in soil, again by the harvesting utilization (as herbage or biogas generating pit fermentation after harvesting) of plant, reduce soil pollution load, avoid Plant death or cauline leaf to rot to cause twice accumulation contact scar to water body simultaneously; When falling zone is flooded, transform at water-soil environment generation bioactive elemements, alleviate the pollution of Soil Nitrogen, phosphorus and other pollutants release to water body, or nitrogen, phosphorus and other pollutants in absorption water body (is release or absorption, depend on the background value of soil and water pollutant), reach the object improving water quality.
Clean effect is assessed: result of the test shows (seeing the following form 1), and plant growth (overground part) absorbs removes Soil Nitrogen, the accumulative (g/m of the pure amount of phosphorus
2) sorting from big to small is: mulberry, beggar-ticks, lady's-grass, Hemarthria compressa, Siberian cocklebur, Bermuda grass.Remove the pure amount (g/m of nitrogen
2) sorting from big to small is: mulberry, beggar-ticks, lady's-grass, Hemarthria compressa, Siberian cocklebur, Bermuda grass; Remove the pure amount (g/m of phosphorus
2) sorting from big to small is: mulberry, beggar-ticks, lady's-grass, Hemarthria compressa, Siberian cocklebur, Bermuda grass.
Table 1 phytomass and removal nitrogen, the pure amount effectiveness comparison of phosphorus
The above; be only the specific embodiment of the present invention, but protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, anyly belongs to those skilled in the art in the technical scope that the present invention discloses; the change that can expect easily or replacement, all should be encompassed within protection scope of the present invention.Therefore, protection scope of the present invention should be as the criterion with the protection domain of claim.
Claims (3)
1. utilize falling zone Space-time speciality to improve a method for Reservoir Water Quality, it is characterized in that comprising the steps:
(1) falling zone reversed terrace wholely: finishing terraced fields plot, makes it smooth and form the micro-counter-slope of 3 ° ~ 5 ° of sloping inwardly in, field face contrary with falling zone slope aspect; Between upper and lower two counter-slopes, build retaining wall, dig trench pit at face toe, along domatic longitudinal drainage trenching; Carry out loose block stone of throwing at lowest water level place, falling zone and form jackstone spats district, jackstone spats district top width, be highly about 2m;
(2) plant cultivating: mulberry selects annual shoot to transplant, distance between rows and hills 100cm × 30cm, first planted by large and small classification segmentation by nursery stock when planting, seedling is planted in edge; Hemarthria compressa selects kind of a stem transplanting method, kind of a stem is cut into 15 ~ 20cm long shoot section, and every section is saved containing 2 ~ 3, trench digging cuttage, ditch depth 10 ~ 15cm, line-spacing 30-40cm, spacing in the rows 15 ~ 20cm; Bermuda grass adopts kind of a stem transplanting method, plants the same Hemarthria compressa of stem transplanting method; Beggar-ticks, Siberian cocklebur all select the seedling of 20 ~ 30cm to transplant, and dig nest field planting when soil is moistening, distance between rows and hills 40 × 40cm, utilize the growth of above-mentioned plant to absorb nitrogen, the phosphorus removed in soil when falling zone exposure;
(3) plant harvest and utilization: go up at reservoir level, before regression zone land is submerged, hand harvest is carried out to mulberry, Hemarthria compressa, beggar-ticks and Bermuda grass and is used as green fodder pasture, all plants all can be gathered in for biogas generating pit fermentation, with the cumulative secondary pollution avoiding Plant death to cause water body in different growing stages.
2. utilize falling zone Space-time speciality to improve the method for Reservoir Water Quality as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that: the cross section of described retaining wall is right-angled trapezium, high 50 ~ 100cm, top width 25 ~ 40cm, bottom width 35 ~ 50cm, 75 ° ~ 80 °, hypotenuse inclination angle.
3. utilize falling zone Space-time speciality to improve the method for Reservoir Water Quality as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that: the sectional dimension in trench pit and drain ditch is 30cm × 25cm.
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