CN101218873A - Method for renovating damaged ecological system of hydro-fluctuation belt of reservoir and bank belt with cynodon dactylon - Google Patents
Method for renovating damaged ecological system of hydro-fluctuation belt of reservoir and bank belt with cynodon dactylon Download PDFInfo
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- CN101218873A CN101218873A CNA2008100328951A CN200810032895A CN101218873A CN 101218873 A CN101218873 A CN 101218873A CN A2008100328951 A CNA2008100328951 A CN A2008100328951A CN 200810032895 A CN200810032895 A CN 200810032895A CN 101218873 A CN101218873 A CN 101218873A
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Abstract
A method for repairing the damaged ecological systems at a hydro-fluctuation zone and a riparian zone of a reservoir with wire grass relates to an engineering technology of ecological repairing at the hydro-fluctuation zone and riparian zone of the reservoir, which firstly filters to acquire the wire grass that can not only grow in drouthy and poor soil, but also can survive by submerging for 1 to 6 months with a submerging depth of 0 to 40 meters, as well as fast resume to grow after the water level falls as a repairing plant, and plants or transplants the plant to a repairing area after adopting asexual propagation or sexual propagation; then maintains the plant so as to ensure the growth in the next year. The invention can rebuild and resume the ecology at the hydro-fluctuation zone and riparian zone, which has the functions of improving the riverside sight, maintaining water and soil, cutting off the surface source contaminations and improving the water body and quality, stabilizing soil, protecting banks, absorbing contaminations in the water in hydroperiod and fast covering the plant on the bank after the water level falls; thereby reaching the effects of resuming and rebuilding the environment at the hydro-fluctuation zone and riparian zone of large-scale reservoirs; the invention has broad application prospect and excellent environment benefit.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the through engineering approaches technology of a kind of reservoir drawdown band and Riparian Zone restoration of the ecosystem.Belong to ecological environmental protection and administer technical field.
Background technology
Reservoir builds up the back because the needs of operation, tends to take the winter to hold the water level scheduling method that the summer lets out, and the height of water reaches tens of rice, area can reach dozens or even hundreds of square kilometre falling zone thereby form around reservoir.After building up as Three Gorges Reservoir, will form vertical range in storehouse week be 30m, area 440km
2The falling zone.The falling zone is a kind of special ecological environment under artificial disturbance, compares with the Riparian Zone of nature, and some area flooding time of water logging time even be 6 months, and flooding time is flooded by the retaining that becomes winter in flood season in summer.This variation makes the old plant ecosystem in the district will be subjected to destructive destruction, and new vegetation ecological system is difficult in the short time and sets up.If deal with improperly, will bring a series of ecological environment problems, as the eutrophication of water and soil loss, geological disaster, pollution of area source and coastal waters water quality, and, quicken whole reservoir area Ecological environment worsening to two sides natural landscape destruction etc.In addition, large-scale river course is because the variation of river changes of seasons and drought and waterlogging, can form also that the height of water reach tens of rice, area can reach tens square kilometres Riparian Zone on the both sides, riverbank.Riparian Zone often also is the relatively more fragile area of ecotope, causes above-mentioned environmental problem easily.
Reservoir drawdown band and Riparian Zone damaged ecosystem are carried out the plant ecological reparation, are one of very effective governance ways.Restoration of the ecosystem improves the function of water body to improving the riverbank view, conserve water and soil and dam area source pollutants, and overall lifting region environmental quality has very big meaning.Yet, in Reservoir region falling zone and the improvement of Riparian Zone ecological engineering,, make up different plant ecosystems and repair one of key technology into administering success or not according to the different hydraulic gradiant Changing Patterns of reservoir area water body in the scope of falling zone.Wherein, filtering out suitable plant growing and make up stable plant community, seem simple, is global problem actually.Also explore both at home and abroad at present, the screening of the amphibious plants that ability is flooded for a long time behind thin and weak, the rising of groundwater level of drought-resistant, anti-soil when particularly water level being fallen after rise becomes one of focus of concern.
Summary of the invention
The objective of the invention is to disclose a kind of method that reservoir drawdown band and riverbank district damaged ecosystem are repaired that is used for, with this method can recover falling zone and riverbank district natural, ecological, improve water quality, totally improve environmental quality.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention is by carrying out a large amount of plantations and flooding experiment in the falling zone, and repetition test research, from tens of kinds of alternative plants, find amphibious plants Bermuda grass (Cynodon Dactylon), its characteristic is (drought-resistant, thin and weak and anti-the flooding property of anti-soil) can satisfy characteristic requirement in the improvement of falling zone and Riparian Zone ecological engineering (flooding time 1-6 month under water, depth of immersion is to survive under the special habitats of 0-40 rice, and growth, can recover its vegetation after the water outlet naturally covers), by its application in ecological engineering technology, thereby reach the effectiveness of recovering and rebuilding large reservoir falling zone and Riparian Zone ecotope, have broad application prospects and good benefits in environment.
Concrete technical scheme of the present invention is:
Choosing of A, rehabilitation plant
Screening obtains a kind of can be on the coast the growth in the thin and weak environment of arid, soil, also can be at flooding time 1-6 month, depth of immersion is to survive under the particular surroundings of 0-40 rice, and the Bermuda grass (Cynodon Dactylon) of rapid recovery growth after water level falls after rise, claim Bermuda grass again, climb the ground grass, grass family, Cynodon is as the rehabilitation plant of reservoir drawdown band and Riparian Zone damaged ecosystem;
Two kinds of through engineering approaches enrichment procedures of B, Bermuda grass
Vegetative propagation: take the Bermuda grass plant in the open air, it is long that its stolon is cut into 10-15cm, in the soil of nursery or in the hexagon plant module, cultivate, through water, the conventional maintenance of addiction sun, survived in 9-12 days, standby;
Sexual propagation: gather wild dog root of the tooth seed or commercial Bermuda grass seed, plant in the plant module, the conventional cultivation after 10 days germinateed, and be standby;
The selection of C, implantation time
For the reservoir drawdown band, be chosen in April, when dropping to lowest water level, the reservoir area reserve-water-level plants; Beginning plantation 2-3 month for Riparian Zone;
D, kind method for planting
Earlier on reservoir drawdown tape pool bank or riverbank apart from water 0-3 rice, adopt gabion method, connecting-type concrete slab block or vegetable fiber net shore protection method to carry out bank protection, in stone or concrete gap, directly place the plant module of B step cultivation or the Bermuda grass plant that transplantation with soil has survived then; Or on slope protection works top, directly transplanting, density is pressed the seeding row spacing whole cave plantation of 5-50cm * 5-50cm during transplanting;
The maintenance of E, plant
Can form stable community after 2 week of plantation, the face of land covers more than 90% after 40 days, thereby reaches the purpose of restoration of the ecosystem; Annual October, the Bermuda grass seed of finishing growth and the part plant plant of gathering the reservoir drawdown band carried out cuttage to the nursery before reservoir begins the retaining in winter, in order to next year propagation or usefulness when reseeding; After the April next year water level depression, the Bermuda grass that is not reached the 5-6 month by water logging recovers self-sow rapidly, and wherein the mud deposition thickness surpasses the local area of 30cm, reseeds, and guarantees the growth in the coming year;
The Bermuda grass of Riparian Zone has been finished the vegetation covering before summer, flood peak was next, can recover growth after the water logging rapidly, and wherein, local mud deposition thickness surpasses the place of 30cm, reseeds, and guarantees the restoration of the ecosystem effect.
Described kind of method for planting can also adopt the engineering shore protection at the nearly water 0-3 of storehouse bank or riverbank rice, the plantation of directly sowing seeds in stone or concrete gap then, and seeding quantity is 5-30g/m during with planting seed
2
Advantage of the present invention is as follows:
1. because the Bermuda grass (Cynodon Dactylon) that the present invention screens has good amphibious characteristic, grow during arid, the soil when its amphibious characteristic is fit to large reservoir falling zone and the falling of Riparian Zone water body water level is thin and weak; Flooded behind the rising of groundwater level in the water 1-6 month, survive under the special habitats of depth of immersion 0-40 rice, and in the requirement of recovery growth rapidly of water level falling back, therefore, the specific (special) requirements of having satisfied the reconstruction of reservoir drawdown band and riverbank district damaged ecosystem plant ecological and having recovered.
2. because Bermuda grass (Cynodon Dactylon) is local species, be distributed widely in the area, temperate zone of China, as North China, northwest, southwest and the middle and lower reach of Yangtze River and other places, all there are wild species various places on the south China Huanghe valley, therefore, help a large amount of engineerings and use, and inanimate object invasion risk.
3. Bermuda grass is a herbaceos perennial, all can finish growth, growth, maturation in 100-150 days vegetative period, falling zone and Riparian Zone growth when being adapted at low water level; Have root-like stock and stolon, fibrous root is thin and tough and tensile, has stronger anti-alluvial after the short-term waterflooding, reduces maintenance cost annual in the engineering.
4. the present invention can adopt the mode of sexual (seed) and asexual (cuttage of transplanting, stem branch etc.) XPRS project propagation, helps the large tracts of land engineering and uses.
The present invention in the restoration of the ecosystem engineering is used, have good conserve water and soil, shore protection, beautify the riverbank view, the area source pollutants that dams, absorb pollutant in water, improve the function of water quality, the requirement of satisfying ecological reconstruction and recovering engineering.
Embodiment
Embodiment 1
Western certain the large reservoir falling zone of China, sample plot takes up an area of 0.4 hectare, is on the verge of the Changjiang river, and the soil is more smooth, gradient 20-25 °.17.1～19.5 ℃ of this area's average temperatures of the whole year, 6500 ℃～7000 ℃ of year active accumulated temperatures, annual precipitation 1100mm, frost-free season was greater than 320 days.
Bermuda grass (Cynodon Dactylon) conduct that to set up by cuttage and seed planting patterns the previous year earlier is used for the standby species storehouse that reservoir drawdown band ecotope is rebuild.Commercial (sky, Shanghai becomes grass cultivation company) Bermuda grass (Cynodon Dactylon) seed is 20 kilograms simultaneously.
Select April then, partly carry out connecting-type concrete slab block shore protection at nearly water surface 1-3 rice, directly place the plant module of process cultivation or the Bermuda grass plant that transplantation with soil has survived at stone or concrete gap, the plantation of also can directly sowing seeds, foundation is not got rid of the compound group of other plant based on Bermuda grass; Or set up population by directly transplanting or plantation Bermuda grass mode on shore protection body top (April), density can be by the whole cave plantation of the seeding row spacing of 5-50cm * 5-50cm during transplanting; Seeding quantity is 5-30g/m during with planting seed
2Survive after one week, cover degree reaches 90% after 40 days, and the root system of plant prosperity was set seeds before October.Flood after November, at flooding time 1-6 month, depth of immersion was the survival under the special habitats of 0-40 rice, and root growth is normal.Seed is sprouted naturally after the water outlet in April next year, and reseed the local area, forms vegetation rapidly and covers.
Through above-mentioned restoration of the ecosystem engineering, this large reservoir falling zone reached have good conserve water and soil, shore protection, beautify the riverbank view, the area source pollutants that dams, absorb pollutant in water, improve the functional requirement of water quality.After one month, vegetation coverage reaches more than 90%, exposed falling zone view arrived great improvement.Protection effect is obvious, the storehouse bank after the reparation substantially not large tracts of land collapse, resistance to impact strengthens.Soil and water conservation effect is compared with the area of do not have repairing and is reduced more than 90%, has reduced the release that pollution of area source such as nitrogen, phosphorus do not have in the soil of bank, and to enter the effect of water body obvious to holding back other pollutants of bank simultaneously, and the offshore water correction is obvious.Simultaneously the bio-diversity of bank band obviously increases, and to improve falling zone eco-environmental quality effect obvious to overall.
Embodiment 2
China's certain Large River Riparian Zone of south, sample plot takes up an area of 0.1 hectare, is on the verge of the Changjiang river, and the soil is more smooth, gradient 20-25 °.12.1～17.5 ℃ of this area's average temperatures of the whole year, 5500 ℃～7100 ℃ of year active accumulated temperatures, annual precipitation 1000mm, frost-free season was greater than 310 days.
Bermuda grass (Cynodon Dactylon) is used for the Riparian Zone ecotope and rebuilds, method is: the standby species storehouse that will set up by cuttage and seed plant species mode the previous year, and commercial (sky, Shanghai becomes grass cultivation company) Bermuda grass (Cynodon Dactylon) seed is 20 kilograms simultaneously; The 2-3 month is carried out connecting-type concrete slab block shore protection at nearly water 1-3 rice, directly places the plant module of cultivation or the Bermuda grass plant that transplantation with soil has survived at stone or concrete gap, and population is set up in the plantation of also can directly sowing seeds;
On shore protection body top, set up population by directly transplanting or plantation Bermuda grass mode March, and density can be by the whole cave plantation of the seeding row spacing of 5-50cm * 5-50cm during transplanting; Seeding quantity is 5-30g/m during with planting seed
2Survive after one week, cover degree reaches 90% after 40 days, the root system of plant prosperity.July Flooding, water level goes up 15 meters, water level falls after rise after 10 days, water logging recovers growth than shallow portion at once, water logging is covered by 15cm thickness mud than the depths, one week the back recover growth.
By above-mentioned reparation, this Large River Riparian Zone satisfied have good conserve water and soil, shore protection, beautify the riverbank view, the area source pollutants that dams, anti-alluvial, absorb pollutant in water, improve the functional requirement of water quality.Riparian Zone vegetation coverage after the reparation reaches more than 90%, exposed Riparian Zone view arrived great improvement.Protection effect is obvious, the riverbank after the reparation substantially not large tracts of land collapse, resistance to impact strengthens.Soil and water conservation effect is compared with the area of do not have repairing and is reduced more than 90%, has reduced the release that pollution of area source such as nitrogen, phosphorus do not have in the soil of bank, and to enter the effect of water body obvious to holding back other pollutants of bank simultaneously, and the offshore water correction is obvious.Simultaneously the bio-diversity of Riparian Zone obviously increases, and to improve Riparian Zone eco-environmental quality effect obvious to overall.
Claims (2)
1. repair the method for reservoir drawdown band and Riparian Zone damaged ecosystem with Bermuda grass, it is characterized in that:
Choosing of A, rehabilitation plant
Screen in the environment that obtains a kind of arid, thin and weak soil on the coast and grow, also can be at flooding time 1-6 month, depth of immersion is the environment existence down of 0-40 rice, and can fall the rapid rehabilitation plant that recovers the Bermuda grass of growth as reservoir drawdown band and Riparian Zone damaged ecosystem in back after rise at water level;
Two kinds of through engineering approaches enrichment procedures of B, Bermuda grass
Vegetative propagation: gather the stolon of Bermuda grass in the open air, it is long to be cut into 10-15cm, in the soil of nursery or in the hexagon plant module, cultivate, through water, the conventional maintenance of addiction sun, survived in 9-12 days, standby;
Sexual propagation: gather wild dog root of the tooth seed or commercial Bermuda grass seed, plant in the plant module, the conventional cultivation after 10 days germinateed, and be standby;
The selection of C, implantation time
For the reservoir drawdown district, be chosen in the plantation in April; For Riparian Zone, be chosen in and plant in 2-3 month;
D, kind method for planting
Earlier on the storehouse of reservoir drawdown band bank or riverbank apart from water surface 0-3 rice, adopt gabion method, connecting-type concrete slab block or vegetable fiber net shore protection method to carry out bank protection, in stone or concrete gap, directly place the plant module of B step cultivation or the Bermuda grass plant that transplantation with soil has survived then; Or on slope protection works top, directly transplanting, density is pressed the seeding row spacing whole cave plantation of 5-50cm * 5-50cm during transplanting;
The maintenance of E, plant
Form stable community after 2 week of plantation, the face of land covers more than 90% after 40 days, thereby reaches the purpose of restoration of the ecosystem; Gather the Bermuda grass seed of finishing growth and the part plant of reservoir drawdown band and plant or cuttage to the nursery annual October before reservoir begins the retaining in winter, in order to next year propagation or usefulness when reseeding; After the April next year water level depression, the Bermuda grass that is not reached the 5-6 month by water logging recovers self-sow rapidly, and wherein the mud deposition thickness surpasses the local area of 30cm, reseeds, and guarantees the growth in the coming year;
The Bermuda grass of Riparian Zone has been finished the vegetation covering before summer, flood peak was next, recover growth after the water logging rapidly, and local mud deposition thickness surpasses the place of 30cm, reseeds, and guarantees the restoration of the ecosystem effect.
2. method of repairing reservoir drawdown band and Riparian Zone damaged ecosystem with Bermuda grass according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: described kind of method for planting, adopt the engineering shore protection at the nearly water surface 0-3 of storehouse bank or riverbank rice, the plantation of directly sowing seeds in stone or concrete gap then, seeding quantity is 5-30g/m during with planting seed
2
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| CN102017858A (en) * | 2010-09-30 | 2011-04-20 | 曾波 | Application of cynodon dactylon to vegetation construction and ecological control in large-depth water flooded drawdown areas of reservoirs and riverbanks |
| CN101790931B (en) * | 2010-01-29 | 2011-04-27 | 华中农业大学 | Restoration method for damaged ecosystem in steep-slope area in water-level-fluctuating zone of reservoir |
| CN101580305B (en) * | 2009-06-04 | 2011-06-22 | 中国水电顾问集团华东勘测设计研究院 | Wetland governance method for improving ecological environmental in reservoir falling zone |
| CN101715693B (en) * | 2009-12-15 | 2011-09-28 | 中国科学院武汉植物园 | Method for building wetland vegetation in hydro-fluctuation belts of Three Gorges reservoir by utilizing lotuses |
| CN102379201A (en) * | 2011-09-07 | 2012-03-21 | 中国科学院水生生物研究所 | Method of quick restoration of vegetation in reservoir hydro-fluctuation belt |
| CN102392432A (en) * | 2011-11-11 | 2012-03-28 | 武汉沃田生态科技有限公司 | Method for ecological rehabilitation of flood control revetment |
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| CN103125163A (en) * | 2011-11-29 | 2013-06-05 | 水利部中国科学院水工程生态研究所 | Method for improving water quality of reservoir by utilizing space-time specificities of hydro-fluctuation belt |
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| CN105052457A (en) * | 2015-07-28 | 2015-11-18 | 贵州师范大学 | Method for repairing reservoir hydro-fluctuation belt by use of bermuda grass |
| CN105103828A (en) * | 2015-06-16 | 2015-12-02 | 贵州师范大学 | Method for restoring hydro fluctuation belt of reservoir using phalaris arundinacea |
| CN105145107A (en) * | 2015-10-19 | 2015-12-16 | 长江水资源保护科学研究所 | Stable vegetation ecological establishing method for hill type reservoir entry estuarine wetland |
| CN105165520A (en) * | 2015-08-12 | 2015-12-23 | 广东红日节能环保科技有限公司 | Plantation method using water dampness-resistant tree seed to restore reservoir hydro fluctuation belt |
| CN105519332A (en) * | 2015-12-10 | 2016-04-27 | 北京林业大学 | Method for rapid greening of exposed beach land of land-and-water ecotone |
| CN105557226A (en) * | 2014-10-09 | 2016-05-11 | 北京林业大学 | Hydro-fluctuation belt biological treatment method |
| CN105613001A (en) * | 2015-12-30 | 2016-06-01 | 西南大学 | Vegetation construction method of cynodon dactylon in deep-depth reservoir water fluctuation zone and river bank water fluctuation zone |
| CN106472134A (en) * | 2016-09-18 | 2017-03-08 | 海南大学 | The method that a kind of falling zone muskeg recovers suitable species screening |
| CN107347567A (en) * | 2017-08-25 | 2017-11-17 | 重庆市风景园林科学研究院 | A kind of method that reservoir area fluctuating zone and riverbank damaged ecosystem are repaired with Nanchuan willow |
| CN109089748A (en) * | 2018-08-02 | 2018-12-28 | 中国科学院武汉植物园 | A method of Riparian Zone soil organic matter source is prepared using agriculture and forestry organic waste material |
| CN109121862A (en) * | 2018-08-02 | 2019-01-04 | 中国科学院武汉植物园 | The method that a kind of plantation of Riparian Zone slope-protecting plant and group restore |
| CN115140829A (en) * | 2022-07-04 | 2022-10-04 | 江苏景然生态建设集团有限公司 | Ecological restoration system for river falling zone |
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| CN101580305B (en) * | 2009-06-04 | 2011-06-22 | 中国水电顾问集团华东勘测设计研究院 | Wetland governance method for improving ecological environmental in reservoir falling zone |
| CN101715693B (en) * | 2009-12-15 | 2011-09-28 | 中国科学院武汉植物园 | Method for building wetland vegetation in hydro-fluctuation belts of Three Gorges reservoir by utilizing lotuses |
| CN101790931B (en) * | 2010-01-29 | 2011-04-27 | 华中农业大学 | Restoration method for damaged ecosystem in steep-slope area in water-level-fluctuating zone of reservoir |
| CN102017858A (en) * | 2010-09-30 | 2011-04-20 | 曾波 | Application of cynodon dactylon to vegetation construction and ecological control in large-depth water flooded drawdown areas of reservoirs and riverbanks |
| CN102379201A (en) * | 2011-09-07 | 2012-03-21 | 中国科学院水生生物研究所 | Method of quick restoration of vegetation in reservoir hydro-fluctuation belt |
| CN102379201B (en) * | 2011-09-07 | 2013-03-06 | 中国科学院水生生物研究所 | Method of quick restoration of vegetation in reservoir hydro-fluctuation belt |
| CN102392432A (en) * | 2011-11-11 | 2012-03-28 | 武汉沃田生态科技有限公司 | Method for ecological rehabilitation of flood control revetment |
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| CN103521511A (en) * | 2013-11-05 | 2014-01-22 | 中国科学院武汉植物园 | Method for restoring cadmium pollution soil in ecological mode through turfgrass |
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| CN105027895A (en) * | 2015-06-29 | 2015-11-11 | 同济大学 | Method for recovering species by riverbed sludge seed bank |
| CN105052457A (en) * | 2015-07-28 | 2015-11-18 | 贵州师范大学 | Method for repairing reservoir hydro-fluctuation belt by use of bermuda grass |
| CN105165520A (en) * | 2015-08-12 | 2015-12-23 | 广东红日节能环保科技有限公司 | Plantation method using water dampness-resistant tree seed to restore reservoir hydro fluctuation belt |
| CN105145107B (en) * | 2015-10-19 | 2017-12-22 | 长江水资源保护科学研究所 | Stable vegetation method of ecological construction for hills type reservoir storage estuarine wetland |
| CN105145107A (en) * | 2015-10-19 | 2015-12-16 | 长江水资源保护科学研究所 | Stable vegetation ecological establishing method for hill type reservoir entry estuarine wetland |
| CN105519332A (en) * | 2015-12-10 | 2016-04-27 | 北京林业大学 | Method for rapid greening of exposed beach land of land-and-water ecotone |
| CN105613001A (en) * | 2015-12-30 | 2016-06-01 | 西南大学 | Vegetation construction method of cynodon dactylon in deep-depth reservoir water fluctuation zone and river bank water fluctuation zone |
| CN106472134A (en) * | 2016-09-18 | 2017-03-08 | 海南大学 | The method that a kind of falling zone muskeg recovers suitable species screening |
| CN107347567A (en) * | 2017-08-25 | 2017-11-17 | 重庆市风景园林科学研究院 | A kind of method that reservoir area fluctuating zone and riverbank damaged ecosystem are repaired with Nanchuan willow |
| CN109089748A (en) * | 2018-08-02 | 2018-12-28 | 中国科学院武汉植物园 | A method of Riparian Zone soil organic matter source is prepared using agriculture and forestry organic waste material |
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| CN109089748B (en) * | 2018-08-02 | 2020-10-16 | 中国科学院武汉植物园 | Method for preparing riparian zone soil organic carbon source by using agricultural and forestry waste |
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