CN105613001A - Vegetation construction method of cynodon dactylon in deep-depth reservoir water fluctuation zone and river bank water fluctuation zone - Google Patents
Vegetation construction method of cynodon dactylon in deep-depth reservoir water fluctuation zone and river bank water fluctuation zone Download PDFInfo
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- CN105613001A CN105613001A CN201511025325.6A CN201511025325A CN105613001A CN 105613001 A CN105613001 A CN 105613001A CN 201511025325 A CN201511025325 A CN 201511025325A CN 105613001 A CN105613001 A CN 105613001A
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- bermuda grass
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
Abstract
The invention discloses a vegetation construction method of cynodon dactylon in a deep-depth reservoir water fluctuation zone and a river bank water fluctuation zone. The method comprises a method for cultivating cynodon dactylon seedlings, a method for carrying out vegetation construction through transplanting the cynodon dactylon seedlings or sowing the cynodon dactylon seedlings on the reservoir water fluctuation zone in spring or the river bank water fluctuation zone in autumn, and a method for managing and protecting the transplanted cynodon dactylon seedlings or seedlings germinated by cynodon dactylon seeds. Compared with the prior art, the vegetation construction can be carried out in the deep-depth reservoir water fluctuation zone and the river bank water fluctuation zone through the cynodon dactylon, the cynodon dactylon has stronger immobilization capability on soil at the water fluctuation zones, the washing of running water on the soil is reduced, the ecological and environmental quality of the water fluctuation zones is greatly improved, and the popularized and practical value is realized.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of ecological environmental protection and Treatment process, particularly relate to the vegetation construction method of a kind of Bermuda grass in big degree of depth reservoir and falling zone, riverbank.
Background technology
China has more than 86000, reservoir at present, wherein many reservoirs be season adjustment type, year adjustment type or many years regulation type reservoir, these reservoirs need due to generating, shipping, flood control etc., reservoir level can the fluctuation of generating period because of scheduling, thus cause reservoir storehouse bank produce to flood-water outlet exposes the falling zone alternately occurred. Its height of water of different river channel below dams is variant, and some river channel below dams heights of water can up to tens of rice. Due to lasting water logging, river channel below dams usually show obvious ecological degradation and environmental quality low. For China's Three Gorges Reservoir, Three Gorges Projects are super-huge hydro projects in the world, and Three Gorges Reservoir is the river course shape reservoir of long about 660 kilometers after building up. Operation scheduling scheme according to Three Gorges Reservoir, reservoir operation scheme is 175 meters, and limiting level during flood season is 145 meters. It is huge that Three Gorges Reservoir falling zone has area, and the total area reaches 349 square kilometres; The continuous water flooded time is long, and the annual water logging time reaches 8 months most; The water logging degree of depth is big, and the vertical discrepancy in elevation is maximum reaches the features such as 30 meters. The ecotope on whole reservoir area of Three Gorges that produces of big area like this, long-time, big degree of depth water logging falling zone causes very big impact, is mainly reflected in that falling zone vegetation degeneration is even withered away, storehouse bank degrades and the aspect such as depletion, the reduction of storehouse bank ecological protective screen ability, reservoir area landscape quality decline. How Three Gorges Reservoir falling zone is carried out vegetation construction and ecological management, has become that China is extremely urgent and the problem urgently considered.
Similar with river channel below dams, also there is the falling zone, the water logging of the degree of depth greatly riverbank formed because of river flood low water amount change and change of level in the riverbank of a lot of rivers of China, these falling zones, riverbank equally also exist the ecological environment problems such as vegetation degeneration is obvious, severe water and soil erosion.
Solve river channel below dams and the problem of falling zone, riverbank eco-environmental quality decline, a very important measure is exactly the vegetation recovering river channel below dams and falling zone, riverbank, by the mode of restore vegetation, river channel below dams and falling zone, riverbank are carried out ecological management, it is to increase eco-environmental quality. When considering that falling zone there is not by water logging, water erosion and current scour be serious and the singularity of falling zone ecological environment frailty, for reaching real ecological management object and good result, the vegetation built can not be seasonal, provisional vegetation, and must be the permanent vegetation of sustainable existence, and the annual water logging occurred continuously can be tolerated and can not fail gradually by vegetation well that build. In the vegetation construction and ecological management of big degree of depth water logging river channel below dams and falling zone, riverbank, can not be dead after big degree of depth water logging it is crucial that to be selected, the plant species grown can be carried out again very soon after water-break exposure, and these species also have flourishing root system and can admittedly hold soil well, prevent depletion. Select and can tolerate big degree of depth water logging and falling zone environment can be adapted to, and can not fail after the annual big degree of depth water logging occurred continuously and become, with dead plant, the important key carrying out big degree of depth water logging river channel below dams and falling zone, riverbank vegetation construction and ecological management, also be the difficult point problem needing at present to solve.
Summary of the invention
The object of the present invention is just to provide the vegetation construction method of a kind of Bermuda grass in big degree of depth reservoir and falling zone, riverbank to solve the problem.
The present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions above-mentioned purpose:
The present invention comprises the method cultivating Bermuda grass seedling, spring to the falling zone on riverbank, the falling zone of reservoir or autumn is transplanted described Bermuda grass seedling and carries out vegetation construction or broadcast sowing the method that Bermuda grass seed carries out vegetation construction and the method managed and protected by the seedling of the described Bermuda grass seedling after transplanting or seed germination;
The method of described cultivation Bermuda grass seedling: intercept plant division after gathering Bermuda grass plant and implant nursery, described Bermuda grass plant division obtains Bermuda grass seedling by sprawl growth and generation clone's plant division; Described Bermuda grass plant is by the acquisition of Bermuda grass seed germination nursery;
Described spring to the falling zone on riverbank, the falling zone of reservoir or autumn are transplanted described Bermuda grass seedling to carry out vegetation construction or broadcast sowing the method that Bermuda grass seed carries out vegetation construction:
(1) eliminate foreign material in described falling zone, adopt stone bar, stone ridge or concrete to carry out bank protection the steep bank in described falling zone;
(2) the water wave in described falling zone washes away district adopt and build cofferdam or barricade carries out antiscour process;
(3) digging out diameter in described falling zone is 15cm, the degree of depth be 20cm broadcast cave, described in broadcast the spacing between cave be 30cm��40cm;
(4) described Bermuda grass seedling is implanted in described in broadcast in cave, with Bermuda grass seedling root system described in loam compacting, water and determine loam hilling after root, hilling 2��3cm above ground level;
The method that the seedling of the described Bermuda grass seedling after transplanting or Bermuda grass seed germination is managed and protected: comprise and destroy carrying out weeding around the described Bermuda grass seedling after the described Bermuda grass seedling after transplanting or sprouting and prevent phytophagous animal from gnawing and described Bermuda grass seedling is watered.
As preferably, broadcasting cave and can adopt and broadcast ditch and substitute in described step (3), described in broadcast ditch spacing be 20��30 centimetres.
Further, described spring the falling zone on riverbank is transplanted by the falling zone of reservoir or autumn during described Bermuda grass seedling carries out vegetation construction or broadcast sowing method that Bermuda grass seed carries out vegetation construction: broadcast sowing Bermuda grass seed when soil is moistening after raining in described falling zone or after watering soil with water, broadcast sowing density and be 15-20 gram/m.
The useful effect of the present invention is:
The present invention is the vegetation construction method of a kind of Bermuda grass in big degree of depth reservoir and falling zone, riverbank, compared with prior art, the present invention can realize carrying out vegetation construction in the falling zone on big degree of depth reservoir and riverbank by Bermuda grass, the soil of falling zone is had very strong consolidating the ability of holding and decrease runoff washing away soil by Bermuda grass, improve the eco-environmental quality of falling zone greatly, have and promote practical value.
Embodiment
The invention will be further described below:
The present invention comprises the method cultivating Bermuda grass seedling, spring to the falling zone on riverbank, the falling zone of reservoir or autumn is transplanted described Bermuda grass seedling and carries out vegetation construction or broadcast sowing the method that Bermuda grass seed carries out vegetation construction and the method managed and protected by the seedling of the described Bermuda grass seedling after transplanting or seed germination;
The method of described cultivation Bermuda grass seedling: intercept plant division after gathering Bermuda grass plant and implant nursery, described Bermuda grass plant division obtains Bermuda grass seedling by sprawl growth and generation clone's plant division; Described Bermuda grass plant is by the acquisition of Bermuda grass seed germination nursery;
Described spring to the falling zone on riverbank, the falling zone of reservoir or autumn are transplanted described Bermuda grass seedling to carry out vegetation construction or broadcast sowing the method that Bermuda grass seed carries out vegetation construction:
(5) eliminate foreign material in described falling zone, adopt stone bar, stone ridge or concrete to carry out bank protection the steep bank in described falling zone;
(6) the water wave in described falling zone washes away district adopt and build cofferdam or barricade carries out antiscour process;
(7) digging out diameter in described falling zone is 15cm, the degree of depth be 20cm broadcast cave, described in broadcast the spacing between cave be 30cm��40cm;
(8) described Bermuda grass seedling is implanted in described in broadcast in cave, with Bermuda grass seedling root system described in loam compacting, water and determine loam hilling after root, hilling 2��3cm above ground level;
The method that the seedling of the described Bermuda grass seedling after transplanting or Bermuda grass seed germination is managed and protected: comprise and destroy carrying out weeding around the described Bermuda grass seedling after the described Bermuda grass seedling after transplanting or sprouting and prevent phytophagous animal from gnawing and described Bermuda grass seedling is watered.
As preferably, broadcasting cave and can adopt and broadcast ditch and substitute in described step (3), described in broadcast ditch spacing be 20��30 centimetres.
Further, described spring the falling zone on riverbank is transplanted by the falling zone of reservoir or autumn during described Bermuda grass seedling carries out vegetation construction or broadcast sowing method that Bermuda grass seed carries out vegetation construction: broadcast sowing Bermuda grass seed when soil is moistening after raining in described falling zone or after watering soil with water, broadcast sowing density and be 15-20 gram/m.
Embodiment
In 1 year spring, field acquisition is healthy and strong, the Bermuda grass plant of well-grown, adopts the mode of division propagation to cultivate Bermuda grass seedling in nursery, and through growth and the cultivation of 1 year, the Bermuda grass seedling breeding out sufficient amount was for building falling zone vegetation.
In 2nd year spring, at Yangtze River Gorges river channel below dams Selection experiment land used more than totally 10 mu, the water level of residing falling zone is by the control of Three Gorges Reservoir scheduling, and water level changes between 145��175 meters, and the vertical discrepancy in elevation is maximum reaches 30 meters; Location average temperature of the whole year is 17��19 DEG C, and frostless season is greater than 330 days, and annual rainfall is 1200 millimeter. Test land used is divided into 3 test sites, and each test site has different gradient and incomplete same edaphic condition (table 1). Each test site carries out place cleaning plant in order to plant and build vegetation.
The main feature of table 1.3 test site
| Trial plot | Average slope (degree) | MAIN SOILS type | Soil layer mean thickness (rice) |
| A | 5.1 | Yellow earth | >1.15 |
| B | 10.5 | Yellow earth, rice soil | 0.74 |
| C | 14.7 | Purple soil | 0.28 |
From at the beginning of 1 year 3 months, at 3 test sites within the scope of absolute elevation 176 meters to 145 meters full elevation falling zones, adopting the method broadcasting cave to plant Bermuda grass, broadcasting cave diameter is 15 centimetres, dark 20 centimetres, and plant cave is apart from being 30��40 centimetres. Owing to the time of water-break exposure is different, different elevation falling zone carries out Bermuda grass and plants and to complete time of vegetation construction different, lowest elevation falling zone because of exposure the latest its vegetation construction complete by the end of May. Bermuda grass plant recovers after planting one week and grows, simultaneously on the ground stolon produce and to extending therearound centered by plant, after one month, each test site vegetation coverage reaches more than 95%, before in, Three Gorges Reservoir starts retaining in by the end of September, first, each test site has formed the Bermuda grass vegetation of luxuriant densification, and vegetation coverage reaches 100%. From in by the end of September, first, each test site vegetation is flooded by SINCE STORAGE IN THREE GORGES RESERVOIR. After water-break in May, the 3rd to the complete exposure in falling zone, reaching the long-time big degree of depth water logging of 8 months most through the continuous water flooded time, as shown in table 2, Bermuda grass is still survived, and ground stolon is intact and covers whole test site completely, as shown in table 3; 3 test sites after exposure all expose without earth's surface, without obvious depletion, as shown in table 4; Exposure after 3��6 days Bermuda grass plant namely sprout new leaf, return green fast and grow vigorous; The overland runoff produced by rainfall flow after test site vegetation obviously weakens, opacity obviously reduces. Meanwhile, in early June, the 2nd, being Bermuda grass of planting in the bamboo basket of 60 �� 60 �� 30 centimetres at the volume filling with test site soil, formed dense rirgulaea to the Bermuda grass in bamboo basket time by the end of September, fraction of coverage reaches 100%. Before Three Gorges Reservoir starts retaining by the end of September then, the storehouse An Chu bamboo basket covering with Bermuda grass rirgulaea being fixed on 143��145 meters of elevations carries out water logging experiment. Result shows, and the Bermuda grass rirgulaea in the bamboo basket of water outlet in by the end of May, the 3rd is still survived and stolon is intact on the ground, and after water outlet, rirgulaea produces new leaf and rapid restoration ecosystem very soon.
In September, the 3rd, the retaining again of Yangtze River Gorges reservoir, the Bermuda grass rirgulaea in water level rise, the Bermuda grass vegetation of 3 test sites and bamboo basket is flooded again completely. After water-break in May, the 4th to falling zone exposure, the Bermuda grass vegetation of 3 test sites all survives intact and covers whole test site (table 2) completely, and the dense degree of vegetation and ground storey thickness that on the ground stolon is formed are better than the Bermuda grass vegetation after water-break exposure in May, the 3rd, as shown in table 3,3 test sites are all without obvious depletion, as shown in table 4; Bermuda grass rirgulaea in the bamboo basket of water outlet is also survived completely.
The survival rate (%) of Bermuda grass plant after table 2. different depths water logging
Note: after referring to after flooding for the 2nd year that water-break in the 3rd year is flooded in retaining in the 2nd year, after referring to after within the 3rd year, flooding that water-break in the 4th year is flooded in retaining in the 3rd year. Each elevation random labelling 200 strain plant before water logging, next year water logging adds up survival rate after terminating.
Bermuda grass vegetation ground storey mean thickness (centimetre) that stolon is formed on the ground after continuous twice water logging of table 3.
| The water logging time | Test site A | Test site B | Test site C |
| After first time water logging in 2nd year��the 3rd year | 11.2 | 11.4 | 11.3 |
| After first time water logging in 3rd year��the 4th year | 17.9 | 17.8 | 18.1 |
Table 4. builds the test site average soil thickness (millimeter) that run off in earth's surface after continuous twice water logging of Bermuda grass vegetation
| The water logging time | Test site A | Test site B | Test site C |
| After first time water logging in 2nd year��the 3rd year | 0.01 | 0.02 | 0.02 |
| After first time water logging in 3rd year��the 4th year | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.01 |
The spot testing result for many years of above-mentioned Yangtze River Gorges river channel below dams confirms, Bermuda grass can the long-time big degree of depth water logging (continuous water flooded time reach 8 months most, water logging vertical depth be up to 30 meters) of extraordinary tolerance Yangtze River Gorges river channel below dams, and the falling zone environment that land and water replaces can be adapted to well, the falling zone vegetation built by Bermuda grass not only can not be failed under Three Gorges Reservoir continues the annual long-time big degree of depth water logging occurred, on the contrary, the degree in great numbers of vegetation is become better and better.
The present invention can realize carrying out vegetation construction in the falling zone on big degree of depth reservoir and riverbank by Bermuda grass, and the soil of falling zone is had very strong consolidating the ability of holding and decrease runoff washing away soil by Bermuda grass, improves the eco-environmental quality of falling zone greatly. Bermuda grass plants stems leaf is the animal eating feeds such as ox, horse, sheep, rabbit, chicken, builds falling zone vegetation on a large scale except having extremely high ecological benefits with Bermuda grass, can also obtain good economic benefit simultaneously. Bermuda grass is at the wide cloth of China, adapt to the weather condition of the vast region of China, and it can both well adapt under the so harsh long-time big degree of depth water logging environment in Three Gorges Reservoir falling zone, therefore, Bermuda grass is except the Revegetation being applicable to Three Gorges Reservoir falling zone and ecological management, other the big degree of depth water logging river channel below dams being adapted to except Three Gorges Reservoir too and the Revegetation of falling zone, riverbank and ecological management, have good using value.
More than show and describe the ultimate principle of the present invention and the advantage of main feature and the present invention. The technician of the industry should understand; the present invention is not restricted to the described embodiments; the principle that the present invention is just described described in above-described embodiment and specification sheets; without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention; the present invention also has various changes and modifications, and these changes and improvements all fall in the claimed scope of the invention. The claimed scope of the present invention is defined by appending claims and equivalent thereof.
Claims (3)
1. vegetation construction method in big degree of depth reservoir and falling zone, riverbank of a Bermuda grass, it is characterized in that, comprise the method cultivating Bermuda grass seedling, spring described Bermuda grass seedling is transplanted in the falling zone on riverbank by the falling zone of reservoir or autumn and carry out vegetation construction or broadcast sowing the method that Bermuda grass seed carries out vegetation construction and the method managed and protected by the seedling of the described Bermuda grass seedling after transplanting or seed germination;
The method of described cultivation Bermuda grass seedling: intercept plant division after gathering Bermuda grass plant and implant nursery, described Bermuda grass plant division obtains Bermuda grass seedling by sprawl growth and generation clone's plant division; Described Bermuda grass plant is by the acquisition of Bermuda grass seed germination nursery;
Described spring to the falling zone on riverbank, the falling zone of reservoir or autumn are transplanted described Bermuda grass seedling to carry out vegetation construction or broadcast sowing the method that Bermuda grass seed carries out vegetation construction:
(1) eliminate foreign material in described falling zone, adopt stone bar, stone ridge or concrete to carry out bank protection the steep bank in described falling zone;
(2) the water wave in described falling zone washes away district adopt and build cofferdam or barricade carries out antiscour process;
(3) digging out diameter in described falling zone is 15cm, the degree of depth be 20cm broadcast cave, described in broadcast the spacing between cave be 30cm��40cm;
(4) described Bermuda grass seedling is implanted in described in broadcast in cave, with Bermuda grass seedling root system described in loam compacting, water and determine loam hilling after root, hilling 2��3cm above ground level;
The method that the seedling of the described Bermuda grass seedling after transplanting or Bermuda grass seed germination is managed and protected: comprise and destroy carrying out weeding around the described Bermuda grass seedling after the described Bermuda grass seedling after transplanting or sprouting and prevent phytophagous animal from gnawing and described Bermuda grass seedling is watered.
2. the vegetation construction method of Bermuda grass according to claim 1 in big degree of depth reservoir and falling zone, riverbank, it is characterised in that: broadcasting cave and can adopt and broadcast ditch and substitute in described step (3), described in broadcast ditch spacing be 20��30 centimetres.
3. the vegetation construction method of Bermuda grass according to claim 1 in big degree of depth reservoir and falling zone, riverbank, it is characterized in that: described spring the falling zone on riverbank is transplanted by the falling zone of reservoir or autumn during described Bermuda grass seedling carries out vegetation construction or broadcast sowing method that Bermuda grass seed carries out vegetation construction: broadcast sowing Bermuda grass seed when soil is moistening after raining in described falling zone or after watering soil with water, broadcast sowing density and be 15-20 gram/m.
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Application publication date: 20160601 |