CN104429529A - Method for building ecological littoral zone in buffer area - Google Patents
Method for building ecological littoral zone in buffer area Download PDFInfo
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- CN104429529A CN104429529A CN201410723661.7A CN201410723661A CN104429529A CN 104429529 A CN104429529 A CN 104429529A CN 201410723661 A CN201410723661 A CN 201410723661A CN 104429529 A CN104429529 A CN 104429529A
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Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F3/00—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F3/32—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage characterised by the animals or plants used, e.g. algae
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02B—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING
- E02B3/00—Engineering works in connection with control or use of streams, rivers, coasts, or other marine sites; Sealings or joints for engineering works in general
- E02B3/02—Stream regulation, e.g. breaking up subaqueous rock, cleaning the beds of waterways, directing the water flow
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A10/00—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE at coastal zones; at river basins
- Y02A10/11—Hard structures, e.g. dams, dykes or breakwaters
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A20/00—Water conservation; Efficient water supply; Efficient water use
- Y02A20/40—Protecting water resources
- Y02A20/402—River restoration
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W10/00—Technologies for wastewater treatment
- Y02W10/10—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for building an ecological littoral zone in a buffer area. The method comprises building of gabions, a low pond, multiple ponds and a retention canal. The method comprises the following specific steps: (1) a gabion area is built, wherein the gabions are built between a normal water level of a river and a level of a flood occurring every two years, and emergent aquatic plants are planted in gaps between the gabions; (2) the low pond is built, wherein a low area which is 20cm lower than the gabion area and 20cm lower than foundations of the multiple ponds is built between the level of the flood occurring every two years and the level of a flood occurring every twenty years; (3) a multi-pond system is built, wherein two rows of pond systems are built in the low pond area, substrate improvement is conducted, submerged plants are closely planted in the ponds, and the emergent aquatic plants are planted on the foundations and the circumferences of the ponds; (4) the retention canal is built, wherein the retention canal is built along the outside of the level of the flood occurring every twenty years. The method effectively solves the ecological problems that a surface source of a gentle slope area of the river is severely polluted, landscapes are poor, the biodiversity is reduced and water and soil loss occurs, and offers a feasible and efficient ecological restoration measure for recovery and reconstruction of a hydro-fluctuation belt.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to Ecological Restoration Works technical field, be specifically related to the optimization forming types of the ecological Riparian zone in a kind of buffer area, be particularly suitable for degeneration Riparian zone ecosystem restoration and reconstruction.This patent comprehensive utilization physics with the mode of biology reduce flow through Riparian zone rainwash flow velocity, cut down pollutant recover bio-diversity to a certain extent, for the ecological recovery of degeneration Riparian zone provides technical support.
Background technology
Riparian ecosystem is the tie of contact land and the aquatic two large class ecosystems, the material transformed in organic substance, rock decay thing, soil product and terrestrial ecosystem that high for land and rudimentary plant are synthesized by it constantly inputs river, becomes the important sources of the nutriment of river ecosystem.Start till now from the seventies, about the concept on riverbank successively has broad sense and narrow sense two kinds.Referring broadly to the plant community directly affected by current and growing environment, it is obviously different that the many degree of the composition of its plant population, kind and microhabitat are equal to neighboring area; Refer to from river-intersection both sides, land in the narrow sense, until the area that river impact disappears, the Riparian Zone of most research indication is the Riparian Zone of narrow sense at present.
In recent years along with population growth, the development of industrialization progress and society, the river ecosystem comprising Riparian Zone is subject to the interference of mankind's activity and serious degradation occurs.The thing followed be degraded ecosystem recovery with recover ecological in international, domestic development, comparatively speaking, China to Riparian Zone and degraded ecosystem reconstruction theory thereof and practical studies comparatively weak.Although in recent years, turn with Beijing that river ecological harnessing project that river, Shanghai river regulation, Three Gorges Reservoir improvement etc. are representative has all carried out considering to Riparian Zone, Eco-Design, but these rivers mostly are city river, and research is lacked to a large amount of river outside of the city, section etc.On the other hand, until today, a large amount of river courses is still cut-off, " three light ", " pleasing both parties " carrying out process, river ecosystem is caused to be degenerated, river pollution is serious, and the Riparian Zone as the main interceptor of rainwash pollutant disappears in a large number, in the case, the present invention is directed to the region of gentle gradient in Riparian Zone, the general gradient carries out novel ecological Riparian zone structure lower than the Riparian Zone of 15 °.
Summary of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide the construction method of gentle slope, a kind of river local area ecological Riparian zone.
To achieve the above object, the present invention adopts following technical measures:
A forming types for gentle slope local area ecological Riparian zone, the steps include:
A. scope is built: river ecological Riparian zone of the present invention is met between flood between river ordinary water level and 20 years one, the described general gradient < in region, gentle slope, river 15 °;
B. gentle slope belt environmental survey: the situation such as River Hydrology, topography and geomorphology, the gradient, width, the 20 above regional land use present situations in annual flood position of gentle slope belt carries out probe, determines the plant species ecological characteristic needing during this ecological Riparian zone builds to screen;
C. gabion band builds: according to the envirment factor that early stage, on-site investigation was determined, and regional climate meteorological factor, determines kind and the quantity of the plant of the height of gabion band, width and middle ware kind, ensures the localization of gabion band plant, variation;
D. the low level pool builds: in Project Areas, transformed and land readjustment by substrate, plantation Bermuda grass group or other dark root systems resistance to short-term water logging plant;
E. many pools are built: in Project Areas, adopt the mode of digging the pool, build small-sized pool, and transform at the bottom of the pool, plant planting submerged plant and pool base and Tang Zhou emergent aquactic plant group;
F. be detained canal construction: Project Areas with around adjacent region, highland, dig canal and formed and be detained canal, filling gravel, and adopt turf to cover;
G. the management maintenance of ecological Riparian zone: after the ecological Riparian zone of the present invention especially needs to pay close attention to flood, solid refuse, silt etc. are to the covering in region, the low level pool, Duo Tang region or alluvial, need regularly to clear up, the regular vegetation to growing on many pools and region, the low level pool, prevents it from decaying, rots to cause the secondary pollution of environment simultaneously; Moreover after needing to add strong rainstorms, be detained the management of canal, preventing from being detained canal is the coverings such as silt, the moment is needed to note being detained the growing state of canal top Bermuda grass turf, prevent that braiding channel is exposed, turf is destroyed, and notice that turf acrial part height can not, more than 20cm, be strengthened building maintenance etc.
Wherein, river ecological Riparian zone of the present invention is met between flood between river ordinary water level and 20 years one, the described general gradient < in region, gentle slope, river 15 °
Wherein, described gabion band is met between flood level river ordinary water level and 2 years one, be made up of the block stone of particle diameter 0.15-0.5m, the cobblestone of block stone central filler particle diameter 0.05-0.10m, this block stone and cobblestone anticorrosion by the zinc-aluminium-rare-earth alloy through 5%, tensile strength is greater than 1500MPa, and unit are bearing strength is greater than 35kN/m
2,the steel mesh cage parcel of diameter 2mm, cylinder mould aperture 10cm, gabion uses wire netting area 25m
2, volume 5m
3, gabion buried depth 1.5m, protection width 2.0m.
Wherein, the emergent aquactic plants such as Typhaceae, JUNCACEAE and grass family are planted, the emergent aquactic plants such as such as cattail, typha orientalis, rush, wild rush, reed, giantreed in hole in the middle of gabion;
Wherein, the low level pool was met flood level at 2 years one and within 20 years one, meets between flood level, and the low level pool is made up of aquifer+cover layer+vegetation and plantation soil layer+hand-stuff layer+barrier layer+gravel layer.Wherein aquifer, lower than gabion band and Duo Tang pool base 15-20cm; Cover layer, adopts all standing such as bark or sawdust, thickness 5-8cm; Vegetation and plantation soil layer, adopt the sandy soil (sand 60 ~ 85%, organic 5% ~ 10%, clay 5%) that osmotic coefficient is larger, planting soil thickness 25cm, plants the gramineous plants of dark root system, such as Bermuda grass; Hand-stuff layer, adopts the stronger natural or artificial material of permeability, thick 30 ~ 50cm, and the sandy soil that form consistent with planting soil layer or osmotic coefficient can be selected to be not less than 10
-5the slag of m/s or gravel; Barrier layer, spreads geotextiles or the thick fine sand layer of one deck 15cm, forms barrier layer between packing layer and gravel layer; Gravel layer, the gravel being no more than 5cm by diameter forms, thickness 20-30cm.The gramineous plants of the dark root system of low level pool region all standing, such as Bermuda grass, after the transformation of substrate layer, adopts the mode of sowing to plant, after item area consolidation, according to 500g/20m
2standard plantation.
Wherein, many pools are built, the Riparian zone that many pools were met flood level at 2 years one and met for 20 years one between flood level, the dark 50cm in the pool, moment keeps depth of water 20cm, all standing submerged plant, comprises the plant of Hydrocharctaceae, Lentibulariaceae, Potamogetonaceae, such as eel grass, dwarfing eel grass, fennelleaf pondweed herb, water caltrop, chrysanthemum bladderwort etc.; Pool base, by submerged plant planting soil layer, covers the submerged plant planting soil of 1-5cm at the bottom of the pool; Hand-stuff layer, adopts the stronger natural or artificial material of permeability, thick 30 ~ 50cm, and the sandy soil that form consistent with planting soil layer or osmotic coefficient can be selected to be not less than 10
-5the slag of m/s or gravel; Layer of sand is play to intercept the auxiliary layer that soil particle enters gravel layer, thick 5-10cm; Gravel layer, diameter is no more than the gravel composition of 5cm, thickness 20-30cm.Plant the plant of JUNCACEAE, sedge family, Typhaceae in pool base and pool week, the such as one or more combination of rush, wild rush, stream sedge, cattail, typha minima etc.
Wherein, the outside of meeting flood level along ecological Riparian zone 20 years builds a wide 0.5m, dark 0.5m, fills gravel, above covers dark root system gramineous plants, as Bermuda grass turf, and vegetation design height about 15cm, periodical reaping.
The invention solves the ecosystem destruction that gentle slope, river Riparian Zone causes due to rainwash etc. that water and soil loss, heavy rain wash away, bio-diversity lowers, the problems such as surface water pollution.The matched combined of utilizing works measure, plant measures effectively carries out effective pollutant purification, interception and biodiversity restoration to gentle slope Riparian Zone.One aspect of the present invention alleviates water and soil loss by engineering measure; Cut down the pollutant by Riparian zone by plant measures on the other hand, increase bio-diversity, thus become the important Ecological Measures improving region, gentle slope Riparian Zone.
The material that the present invention selects, be easy acquisition, easily use, easily combined material, the plant selected is based on local Native species, between or there is the plant of efficient pollutant detergent power on a small quantity, adapt to home environment, survival rate is high, cost performance is high, sight is strong, Gu native ability by force etc. many-side consider, and consider this technology applied after the economy of final-period management maintenance and operation convenience.
On the basis of the present invention's room simulated experiment by experiment, pilot scale place application experiment, according to Riparian Zone envirment factor, River Hydrology condition etc., summary and induction goes out gentle slope, the river local area ecological Riparian zone forming types of complete set, comprise the combination technique of being detained four kinds of engineering measures such as canal structure, the shallow water pool, polysaccharide system, gabion, mutually coordinate collocation and become a set of reasonable effective ecological Riparian zone forming types.
The present invention compared with the prior art, has the following advantages and effect:
(1) canal is detained, the rainwash on the peripheral highland of flood level is met after being detained canal when 20 years one, through precipitation, the infiltration of irrigation canals and ditches itself, dark root system gramineous plants again via top layer is filtered, interception and the biodegradation that is detained in canal, to reducing the flow velocity of rainwash and cutting down pollutant and have remarkable result.
(2) the low level pool involved by this invention is transformed through substrate, surface dog eye with and the biological agent of other dark root system plants, effectively can reduce the rainwash flow velocity flowing through this region, ooze under accelerating rainwash, remove suspended particulate, organic matter and other poisonous and harmful substances;
(3) many pools system of relating to of this technology, keeps lowest water level 20cm throughout the year, and through substrate transformation, on the one hand can throughout the year for region provides stable water source, to ensure that regional vegetation can not the death because of drought and water shortage; On the other hand through the effect such as filtration, absorption, sluggishness of substrate transformation and submerged plant, emergent aquactic plant, effective reduction flows through the rainwater of this system and the pollutant of river.Selected submerged plant, all emergent aquactic plants in the pool and wetland plant are this locality and have efficient clean dirty ability species, have suitable landscape effect simultaneously, are the optimum vegetation arrangement of applicable one's respective area;
(4) gabion band involved by this technology builds, and adopts local material, is easy to acquisition, low price, simple for production, the local wetland of its among and emergent aquactic plant, having keeps the flood in check significantly washes away, and provides the effect of Regional Biodiversity, also has significant landscape effect;
(5) gentle slope, river of the present invention local area ecological Riparian zone constructing technology, based on river Riparian Zone natural conditions, the feature that the gradient is low, physical features is flat, constructs and meets Riparian zone system, the Riparian Zone forming types broken traditions, it is made both to have had significant pollutant purification effect, there is again enhancing bio-diversity, improve the effect of Regional Landscape aesthetics, and cheap, reach real ecology harmonious, there is ecology, Social and economic benef@.。
The present invention not only can effectively reduce the rainwash flow velocity flowing through Riparian Zone, can also defaulted, cut down pollutant wherein, play very strong retaining, purifying contaminated thing ability through the low level pool of substrate transformation simultaneously, add the gabion band of Waterfront areas, can effective river washing away Riparian Zone.The structure of whole ecological Riparian zone not only has good pollutant fluxes detergent power, and also tool is significantly improved bio-diversity and aesthetic of landscape effect.
Embodiment
Volt ox small stream overview:
Volt Niu Xi is positioned at Dadukou District, Chongqing City, total length 7.2km, drainage area 16.0km2, the slope of river 16.78 ‰, and average annual flow is 0.245m
3/ s.Be made up of uneven planar water body (Young Pioneer reservoir, pocket ditch reservoir, yellow square rafter fort reservoir, sun gulf reservoir) and the width wire water body (small stream ditch, river) that differs in basin.Due to the impact by littoral sanitary sewage, industrial wastewater discharge, water quality impact is comparatively serious.2013, volt Niu Xishui domain-functionalities classification was cancelled in Dadukou District.
Situation before recovery:
One's respective area is positioned at society of Fu Niuxi citizen village 1, is a fillet trapezoid, the long 15m of minor face, long length of side 45m, and the long 30m of hypotenuse, area is about 1000m
2.Riverbank mean inclination 15 °, mud, flour sand Riparian Zone, herb coverage 90%, be mainly humulus grass (cover degree of 85%), Conyza canadensis (cover degree 3%), crisped dock root (5%) is main, has a small amount of alternanthera philoxeroides and weter hyacinth at edge, riverbank.
Forming types---gabion+low level pool+many pools+delay canal structure, as follows in detail:
(1) between low water level and ordinary water level, build gabion band, share building stones 150m
3(being contained in gabion box), steel wire 1500m (volume gabion), plants stream sedge 45m
2, recruitment 40 man day.
(2) 300m is built in Project Areas
2the low level pool.As follows with material: Bermuda grass plantation 300m
2, gravel 75m
3, fine sand 45m
3, slag 75m
3, planting soil 75m
3, cover layer 18m
3, loose clay 30m3, recruitment 30 man day.The low level pool is followed successively by aquifer from top to bottom, cover layer, vegetation and plantation soil layer, hand-stuff layer, barrier layer, gravel layer.
(3) construct 9, many pools not of uniform size in Project Areas, area is 400m altogether
2.As follows with material: gravel 100m
3, fine sand 40m
3, slag 60m
3, planting soil 20m
3, water caltrop and dwarfing eel grass 400m
2, recruitment 30 man day.Run in one-year age and ensure lowest water level 20cm, most deep water level 50cm.Submerged plant planting soil layer is followed successively by from top to bottom, hand-stuff layer, layer of sand, gravel layer in the pool.
(4) canal is detained, wide 0.5m, dark 0.5m, long 50m.As follows with material: gravel 12.5m
3, Bermuda grass 25m
2, recruitment 6 man day.Bermuda grass turf covers and is detained above canal, cover degree 100%.
Recovery effects
In August, 2014 is after this system constructing runs 10 months, field monitoring shows that item area vegetation coverage reaches more than 90%, demonstration area biodiversity index more than 1.5, local species ratio more than 80%, rainwash flow velocity cuts down more than 50%, and the suspended particulate substance that initial stage rainwash enters in river course reduces more than 75%, TP clearance more than 25%, TN clearance more than 20%, ammonia nitrogen removal frank more than 30%, COD clearance more than 15%.
The inventive method is simple, easy and simple to handle, and floristics is this locality, achieves the structure of region, gentle slope Riparian zone, provides a kind of good pattern to the ecological recovery of region, gentle slope, river Riparian zone.The successful implementation of this project significantly improves the bio-diversity of Fu Niuxi gentle slope, Chongqing Riparian Zone, improve the pollutant purification ability in region, gentle slope, efficiently solve region, gentle slope external source seriously polluted, the phenomenon of water and soil loss aggravation, for the clear-cutting forestland in river and reconstruction provide feasible and effective restoration of the ecosystem measure.
Claims (7)
1. a construction method for gentle slope local area ecological Riparian zone, the steps include:
A. gentle slope belt environmental survey: probe gentle slope belt comprises the situation of River Hydrology, topography and geomorphology, the gradient, width, the 20 above regional land use present situations in annual flood position, determines the plant species ecological characteristic needing during ecological Riparian zone builds to screen;
B. gabion band builds: according to the envirment factor that early stage, on-site investigation was determined, and regional climate meteorological factor, determines kind and the quantity of the plant of the height of gabion band, width and middle ware kind, ensures the localization of gabion band plant, variation;
C. the low level pool builds: in Project Areas, transformed and land readjustment by substrate, plantation Bermuda grass group or other dark root systems resistance to short-term water logging plant;
D. many pools are built: in Project Areas, adopt the mode of digging the pool, build small-sized pool, and transform at the bottom of the pool, plant planting submerged plant and pool base and Tang Zhou emergent aquactic plant group;
E. be detained canal construction: Project Areas with around adjacent region, highland, dig canal and formed and be detained canal, filling gravel, and adopt turf to cover;
F. the management maintenance of ecological Riparian zone: after ecological Riparian zone especially needs to pay close attention to flood, solid refuse, silt etc. are to the covering in region, the low level pool, Duo Tang region or alluvial, need regularly to clear up, the regular vegetation to growing on many pools and region, the low level pool, prevents it from decaying, rots to cause the secondary pollution of environment simultaneously; Moreover after needing to add strong rainstorms, be detained the management of canal, preventing from being detained canal is the coverings such as silt, the moment is needed to note being detained the growing state of canal top Bermuda grass turf, prevent that braiding channel is exposed, turf is destroyed, and notice that turf acrial part height can not, more than 20cm, be strengthened building maintenance.
2. the construction method of gentle slope according to claim 1 local area ecological Riparian zone, it is characterized in that: described gabion band is met between flood level river ordinary water level and 2 years one, be made up of the block stone of particle diameter 0.15-0.5m, the cobblestone of block stone central filler particle diameter 0.05-0.10m, this block stone and cobblestone anticorrosion by the zinc-aluminium-rare-earth alloy through 5%, tensile strength is greater than 1500MPa, and unit are bearing strength is greater than 35kN/m
2,the steel mesh cage parcel of diameter 2mm, cylinder mould aperture 10cm, gabion uses wire netting area 25m
2, volume 5m
3, gabion buried depth 1.5m, protection width 2.0m.
3. the construction method of gentle slope according to claim 1 local area ecological Riparian zone, is characterized in that: in the middle of step B gabion, in hole, plantation comprises the emergent aquactic plant of Typhaceae, JUNCACEAE and grass family.
4. the construction method of gentle slope according to claim 3 local area ecological Riparian zone, is characterized in that: step B emergent aquactic plant comprises at least one in cattail, typha orientalis, rush, wild rush, reed, giantreed.
5. the forming types of gentle slope according to claim 1 local area ecological Riparian zone, it is characterized in that: the step C low level pool was met flood level at 2 years one and within 20 years one, meets between flood level, the low level pool comprises aquifer+cover layer+vegetation and plantation soil layer+hand-stuff layer+barrier layer+gravel layer; Wherein aquifer, lower than gabion band and Duo Tang pool base 15-20cm; Cover layer, adopts bark or sawdust all standing, thickness 5-8cm; Vegetation and plantation soil layer, adopt the sandy soil that osmotic coefficient is larger, planting soil thickness 25cm, plantation comprises the gramineous plants of the dark root system of Bermuda grass; Hand-stuff layer, adopts the stronger natural or artificial material of permeability, thick 30 ~ 50cm, and material comprises the sandy soil that form consistent with plantation soil layer or osmotic coefficient is not less than 10
-5the slag of m/s or gravel; Barrier layer, spreads geotextiles or the thick fine sand layer of one deck 15cm, forms barrier layer between packing layer and gravel layer; Gravel layer, the gravel being no more than 5cm by diameter forms, thickness 20-30cm.The region all standing of the low level pool comprises the gramineous plants of the dark root system of Bermuda grass, after the transformation of substrate layer, adopts the mode of sowing to plant, after item area consolidation, according to 500g/20m
2standard plantation.
6. the forming types of gentle slope according to claim 1 local area ecological Riparian zone, it is characterized in that: many pools are built, the Riparian zone that many pools were met flood level at 2 years one and met for 20 years one between flood level, the dark 50cm in the pool, moment keeps depth of water 20cm, all standing submerged plant, comprises the plant of Hydrocharctaceae, Lentibulariaceae, Potamogetonaceae, and described plant comprises eel grass, downgrades eel grass, fennelleaf pondweed herb, water caltrop, chrysanthemum bladderwort; Pool base, by submerged plant planting soil layer, covers the submerged plant planting soil of 1-5cm at the bottom of the pool; Hand-stuff layer, adopts the stronger natural or artificial material of permeability, thick 30 ~ 50cm, and the sandy soil that form consistent with planting soil layer or osmotic coefficient can be selected to be not less than 10
-5the slag of m/s or gravel; Layer of sand is play to intercept the auxiliary layer that soil particle enters gravel layer, thick 5-10cm; Gravel layer, diameter is no more than the gravel composition of 5cm, thickness 20-30cm; Plant the plant of JUNCACEAE, sedge family, Typhaceae in pool base and pool week, described plant comprises the one or more combination of rush, wild rush, stream sedge, cattail, typha minima.
7. the forming types of gentle slope according to claim 1 local area ecological Riparian zone, is characterized in that: the outside of meeting flood level along ecological Riparian zone 20 years builds a wide 0.5m, dark 0.5m, fill gravel, on cover dark root system gramineous plants, vegetation design height about 15cm, periodical reaping.
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