CN114242184A - Reservoir-area hydro-fluctuation belt vegetation community repairing method - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for restoring vegetation communities in hydro-fluctuation belts of reservoir areas, belongs to the technical field of hydraulic engineering, and can be used for ecologically restoring hydro-fluctuation belts of reservoir areas. The repairing method comprises the following steps: acquiring hydrological elements before dam building of a research area, and determining a hydro-fluctuation belt of the research area according to the hydrological elements; acquiring water quality factors and a temperature and salt module of a research area, and constructing a two-dimensional water quality model according to the hydrological factors, the water quality factors and the temperature and salt module; the water quality factors comprise water quality indexes; simulating water quality indexes before and after dam building through a two-dimensional water quality model, selecting a water quality index with a numerical value rising after the dam building, and recording the water quality index as an index to be purified; dividing the hydro-fluctuation belt into a first area and a second area, wherein the first area is positioned below the second area; selecting emergent aquatic vegetation combination with the purification effect of the index to be purified meeting a first preset condition as a restoration plant of the first area; and selecting the terrestrial vegetation of the preset species as the restoration plants of the second area.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a method for repairing vegetation communities in hydro-fluctuation belts of reservoir areas, and belongs to the technical field of hydraulic engineering.
Background
In order to meet the requirements of human production and living, a large number of hydro-junction projects are pulled out of the ground, the land demand is increased continuously, the river development and utilization degree is increased continuously, a series of ecological environment problems are highlighted along with the increase of the river development and utilization degree, and particularly the problems in the aspect of water ecological environment are solved. With the increasing social and economic strength of China, the thought of people does not stay in the way of only making big development, but starts to pay attention to the big protection, the awareness of ecological civilization construction is increased continuously, and the damage to the ecological environment safety brought by a large hydraulic engineering hub is paid attention.
The succession of vegetation communities is a long-term and lengthy process, the growing environment of the vegetation communities is often disturbed complicatedly, the water level is raised after the dam is built in the reservoir area, the vegetation in the shore area is submerged, the vegetation loses the growing environment, the original vegetation ecosystem of the shore area is damaged, the influence degree is irreversible, and therefore the vegetation restoration of the hydro-fluctuation belt of the reservoir area needs to be developed urgently.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a method for restoring vegetation communities in hydro-fluctuation belts of a reservoir area, which can carry out ecological restoration on the hydro-fluctuation belts of the reservoir area.
The invention provides a method for restoring vegetation communities in hydro-fluctuation belts of reservoir areas, which comprises the following steps:
acquiring hydrological elements before dam building of a research area, and determining a hydro-fluctuation belt of the research area according to the hydrological elements;
acquiring water quality factors and a temperature and salt module of a research area, and constructing a two-dimensional water quality model according to the hydrological factors, the water quality factors and the temperature and salt module; the water quality factors comprise water quality indexes;
simulating the water quality indexes before and after dam building through the two-dimensional water quality model, selecting the water quality index with the numerical value rising after the dam building, and recording the water quality index as an index to be purified;
dividing the hydro-fluctuation belt into a first area and a second area, wherein the first area is positioned below the second area;
selecting emergent aquatic vegetation combination with the purification effect on the index to be purified meeting a first preset condition as a restoration plant of the first area;
and selecting a preset species of terrestrial vegetation as a repair plant of the second area.
The selecting of the emergent aquatic vegetation combination with the purification effect of the index to be purified meeting a first preset condition as the restoration plant of the first area specifically comprises:
acquiring a document database;
analyzing and screening indexes to be purified, emergent vegetation types, test time, test areas and sewage sources in the documents of the document database by a Meta analysis method to obtain an analysis and screening result;
processing the analysis and screening results through a sps software to obtain purification effect indexes of different types of emergent aquatic vegetation on each index to be purified;
and selecting 2-6 emergent aquatic vegetation according to the purification effect index to form an emergent aquatic vegetation combination.
The purification effect index comprises a comprehensive effect value and a 95% confidence interval;
selecting 2-6 emergent aquatic vegetation according to the purification effect index to form an emergent aquatic vegetation combination specifically comprises the following steps:
determining the scoring result of each emergent aquatic vegetation on each index to be purified according to the comprehensive effect value of each emergent aquatic vegetation and the length of a 95% confidence interval;
respectively selecting 1-2 emergent aquatic vegetation with the largest scoring result of each index to be purified;
and (3) forming an emergent vegetation combination by the 1-2 emergent vegetation corresponding to each index to be purified.
Optionally, the determining of the scoring result of each emergent aquatic vegetation according to the combined effect value of each emergent aquatic vegetation and the length of the 95% confidence interval specifically comprises:
calculating the comprehensive effect value and the length of a 95% confidence interval of each emergent aquatic vegetation by a first formula to obtain a scoring result of each emergent aquatic vegetation;
the first formula is specifically: c ═ a × Q1+ (100-B) × Q2;
where C is the score, a is the composite effect value, B is the length of the 95% confidence interval, Q1 is the weight of the composite effect value, Q2 is the weight of the 95% confidence interval, and Q1+ Q2 is 100%.
Optionally, the comprehensive effect value is a removal rate R of a response ratio lnR;
calculating the removal rate R of the response ratio lnR according to a second formula, wherein the second formula specifically comprises the following steps:
wherein, CoIs the value of the index to be purified in the sewage before purification, C1Is the numerical value of the index to be purified in the purified sewage.
Optionally, the water quality indexes include Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD), Total Nitrogen (TN) and Total Phosphorus (TP).
Optionally, the obtaining of the hydrological element before the dam is built in the research area, and determining the hydro-fluctuation zone of the research area according to the hydrological element specifically includes:
acquiring hydrological elements before dam building of a research area, and building a two-dimensional hydrodynamic model according to the hydrological elements; the hydrological element comprises water level data at the study zone boundary;
and simulating the whole water level data of the research area before and after the dam is built according to the two-dimensional hydrodynamic model and the water level data at the boundary of the research area, and determining the hydro-fluctuation zone of the research area.
Optionally, the overall water level data includes data at a dead water level and data at a normal water storage level, and the falling zone is an area between the dead water level and the normal water storage level.
Optionally, the planting density of emergent aquatic vegetation in the emergent aquatic vegetation combination is 80-120 plants/m2。
The invention can produce the beneficial effects that:
the method comprises the steps of simulating water quality indexes before and after dam construction through a two-dimensional water quality model, selecting the water quality indexes with rising values after dam construction, namely the indexes to be purified, combining a Meta analysis method and a spread software, selecting 2-6 emergent aquatic vegetation with the purification effect of the indexes to be purified meeting preset conditions to form an emergent aquatic vegetation combination, using the selected emergent aquatic vegetation combination as a restoration plant of a first area of the hydro-fluctuation belt, and selecting a preset variety of terrestrial vegetation as a restoration plant of a second area of the hydro-fluctuation belt.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flowchart of a method for repairing vegetation communities in a hydro-fluctuation belt of a reservoir area according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is an index of the effect of six emergent aquatic vegetation on COD purification according to the embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a graph showing the index of the purification effect of six emergent aquatic vegetation on total nitrogen TN provided in the embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 4 is an index of the purification effect of six emergent aquatic vegetation on total phosphorus TP provided by the embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in detail with reference to examples, but the present invention is not limited to these examples.
The embodiment of the invention provides a method for restoring vegetation communities of hydro-fluctuation belts of reservoir areas, which comprises the following steps of:
and S1, acquiring hydrological elements before dam construction of the research area, and determining a hydro-fluctuation belt of the research area according to the hydrological elements.
Wherein, S1 specifically includes:
and S11, acquiring hydrological elements before dam construction of the research area, and establishing a two-dimensional hydrodynamic model according to the hydrological elements.
Specifically, the hydrological elements include water level data at the boundary of the research area, and topographic data, boundary data and wind data of the research area.
And S12, simulating the whole water level data of the research area before and after dam building through the two-dimensional hydrodynamic model and the water level data at the boundary of the research area, and determining the hydro-fluctuation zone of the research area.
Specifically, the overall water level data includes data at the dead water level and data at the normal water storage level, and the falling zone is the area between the dead water level and the normal water storage level.
In this embodiment, the research area is a wetland area on both sides of a county-golden gorge hydro junction river channel in hanjiang river basin in shanxi province, which is referred to as golden gorge reservoir area for short.
S2, acquiring water quality factors and temperature and salt modules of the research area, and constructing a two-dimensional water quality model according to the hydrological factors, the water quality factors and the temperature and salt modules.
The water quality factors comprise water quality indexes and initial concentrations, boundary concentrations and diffusion coefficients of the water quality indexes.
In this embodiment, the water quality index includes chemical oxygen demand COD, total nitrogen TN, and total phosphorus TP.
S3, simulating the water quality indexes before and after dam building through a two-dimensional water quality model, selecting the water quality index with the numerical value rising after dam building, and recording as the index to be purified.
In this embodiment, water quality indexes at 450m and 455m water levels after and before the dam is built in a section of river channel in the gold gorge area are simulated, and the simulation results are shown in table 1.
Wherein 450m is the normal water level after dam building, 455m is the water level 5m above the normal water level after reservoir building.
TABLE 1 Water quality index Change Table for research area
As can be seen from Table 1, after the dam is built in the gold gorge reservoir area, the contents of Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD), Total Nitrogen (TN) and Total Phosphorus (TP) in the river are all improved compared with those before the dam is built.
Therefore, the chemical oxygen demand COD, the total nitrogen TN and the total phosphorus TP are all indexes to be purified in this example.
And S4, dividing the falling zone into a first area and a second area, wherein the first area is positioned below the second area.
In this embodiment, the falling zone is divided into the first area and the second area.
S5, selecting emergent aquatic vegetation combinations with the purification effect of the indexes to be purified meeting a first preset condition as the restoration plants of the first area.
Wherein, S5 specifically includes:
and S51, acquiring a document database.
In THE embodiment, THE literature database comprises 42 documents which are published in 2000-2021 and relate to THE decontamination efficiency or water purification effect OF emergent aquatic vegetation in two libraries OF CNKI and THEWEBLE OF SCENCE.
And these documents simultaneously satisfy the following conditions:
(1) all data in the literature results must be derived from the results of the decontamination test;
(2) all data information in the literature necessarily includes numerical value changes or removal rates of corresponding water quality indexes before and after emergent aquatic vegetation purification;
(3) the experimental results in the literature are given in the form of specific values or graphs;
(4) each test in the literature must be independent and not reproducible, and only 1 measurement can be used for treatment in each independent study.
S52, analyzing and screening the indexes to be purified, the emergent aquatic vegetation types, the test time, the test area and the sewage source in the literature of the literature database by a Meta analysis method to obtain an analysis and screening result.
In this embodiment, the analysis and screening results obtained by the Meta analysis method after analysis and screening are as follows: the emergent aquatic vegetation comprises six emergent aquatic vegetation of cattail, reed, canna, calamus, allium mongolicum regel and loosestrife; the test time is the growth and development stage of emergent aquatic vegetation; the sewage source mainly comprises domestic sewage and part of industrial sewage; the test areas are the areas of North China, south China, southwest China and the like; the indexes to be purified are Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD), Total Nitrogen (TN) and Total Phosphorus (TP).
And S53, processing the analysis and screening results through the sps software to obtain the purification effect indexes of different types of emergent aquatic vegetation on each index to be purified.
S54, selecting 2-6 emergent aquatic vegetation according to the purification effect index to form the emergent aquatic vegetation combination.
The decontamination effect index includes a composite effect value and a 95% confidence interval.
Specifically, the combined effect value is the removal rate R of the response ratio lnR.
Calculating the removal rate R of the response ratio lnR according to a second formula, wherein the second formula specifically comprises the following steps:
wherein, CoIs a value of an index to be purified in the sewage before purification, C1Is the numerical value of the index to be purified in the purified sewage.
Wherein, S54 specifically includes:
s541, determining the grading result of each emergent aquatic vegetation on each index to be purified according to the comprehensive effect value of each emergent aquatic vegetation and the length of the 95% confidence interval.
And S542, respectively selecting 1-2 emergent aquatic vegetation with the largest grading result of each index to be purified.
Specifically, the determination of the scoring result of each emergent aquatic vegetation according to the comprehensive effect value and the length of the 95% confidence interval of each emergent aquatic vegetation specifically comprises the following steps:
calculating the comprehensive effect value and the length of the 95% confidence interval of each emergent aquatic vegetation by a first formula to obtain a scoring result of each emergent aquatic vegetation;
the first formula is specifically: c ═ a × Q1+ (100-B) × Q2;
where C is the score, a is the composite effect value, B is the length of the 95% confidence interval, Q1 is the weight of the composite effect value, Q2 is the weight of the 95% confidence interval, and Q1+ Q2 is 100%.
In this example, Q1 and Q2 were both 50%.
Table 2 shows the index of the purification effect of six emergent aquatic vegetation on chemical oxygen demand COD and the calculated score results.
TABLE 2 index of the effect of six emergent aquatic vegetation on COD purification and scoring results
As can be seen from FIG. 2 and Table 2, the combined effect value of the six emergent aquatic vegetation on the chemical oxygen demand COD is between 61.07% and 73.91%. The larger the comprehensive effect value is, the higher the purification rate of the corresponding emergent aquatic vegetation on the chemical oxygen demand COD is, and the smaller the length of the 95% confidence interval is, the more stable the purification effect of the corresponding emergent aquatic vegetation on the chemical oxygen demand COD is. Therefore, the larger the value of the score result calculated according to the first formula is, the better the purification effect of the corresponding emergent aquatic vegetation on the Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) is.
In the embodiment, emergent aquatic vegetation corresponding to two numerical values with the largest scoring result is selected to purify Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD), and the emergent aquatic vegetation selected finally is reed and cattail.
Table 3 shows the index of the purification effect of six emerging vegetation on total nitrogen TN and the calculated score results.
TABLE 3 index and scoring result of total nitrogen TN purification effect of six emerging vegetation
As can be seen from FIG. 3 and Table 3, the combined effect value of the six emergent aquatic vegetation on total nitrogen TN is between 60.21% and 71.28%. The larger the comprehensive effect value is, the higher the purification rate of the corresponding emergent aquatic vegetation on the total nitrogen TN is, and the smaller the length of the 95% confidence interval is, the more stable the purification effect of the corresponding emergent aquatic vegetation on the total nitrogen TN is. Therefore, the larger the value of the score result calculated according to the first formula is, the better the purification effect of the corresponding emergent aquatic vegetation on the total nitrogen TN is.
In the embodiment, the emergent aquatic vegetation corresponding to the two numerical values with the largest scoring result is selected to purify the total nitrogen TN, and the emergent aquatic vegetation selected finally is reed and cattail.
Table 4 shows the index of the purification effect of six emergent aquatic vegetation on total phosphorus TP and the calculated score results.
TABLE 3 index and scoring result of total phosphorus TP purification effect of six emergent aquatic vegetation
As can be seen from FIG. 4 and Table 4, the combined effect value of the six emergent aquatic vegetation on total phosphorus TP is between 58.89% and 77.46%. The larger the comprehensive effect value is, the higher the purification rate of the corresponding emergent aquatic vegetation on the total phosphorus TP is, and the smaller the length of the 95% confidence interval is, the more stable the purification effect of the corresponding emergent aquatic vegetation on the total phosphorus TP is. Therefore, the larger the value of the score result calculated according to the first formula is, the better the purification effect of the corresponding emergent aquatic vegetation on the total phosphorus TP is.
In this embodiment, the emergent aquatic vegetation corresponding to the two numerical values with the largest scoring result is selected to purify the total phosphorus TP, and the emergent aquatic vegetation finally selected is reed and canna.
And summarizing the three selection results, finally selecting three emergent aquatic vegetation of reed, canna and cattail to form an emergent aquatic vegetation combination, and taking the emergent aquatic vegetation combination as a restoration plant of the first area.
Specifically, the planting density of emergent aquatic vegetation in the emergent aquatic vegetation combination in the embodiment is 80-120 plants/m2。
And S6, selecting the terrestrial vegetation of the preset species as the repair plants of the second area.
Specifically, terrestrial vegetation selection in the gold gorge reservoir area is determined by referring to terrestrial vegetation types selected in the vegetation community restoration of various domestic large reservoirs such as the three gorges reservoir and the new anjiang reservoir in recent 20 years, and specific selection results are shown in table 5.
TABLE 5 choice of terrestrial vegetation type in gold gorge reservoir
As shown in table 5, in this example, herbaceous plants such as cogongrass, silvergrass, bermudagrass, and vetiver, and shrubbery plants such as buddleia, lespedeza, and cornus polyandra were selected as the second area restoration plants.
Although the present application has been described with reference to a preferred embodiment, it should be understood that various changes, substitutions and alterations can be made herein without departing from the spirit and scope of the application.
Claims (9)
1. A method for restoring vegetation communities of hydro-fluctuation belts in reservoir areas is characterized by comprising the following steps:
acquiring hydrological elements before dam building of a research area, and determining a hydro-fluctuation belt of the research area according to the hydrological elements;
acquiring water quality factors and a temperature and salt module of a research area, and constructing a two-dimensional water quality model according to the hydrological factors, the water quality factors and the temperature and salt module; the water quality factors comprise water quality indexes;
simulating the water quality indexes before and after dam building through the two-dimensional water quality model, selecting the water quality index with the numerical value rising after the dam building, and recording the water quality index as an index to be purified;
dividing the hydro-fluctuation belt into a first area and a second area, wherein the first area is positioned below the second area;
selecting emergent aquatic vegetation combination with the purification effect on the index to be purified meeting a first preset condition as a restoration plant of the first area;
and selecting a preset species of terrestrial vegetation as a repair plant of the second area.
2. The restoration method according to claim 1, wherein the selecting of the emergent vegetation combination having the purification effect on the index to be purified satisfying a first preset condition as the restoration plant of the first area specifically comprises:
acquiring a document database;
analyzing and screening indexes to be purified, emergent vegetation types, test time, test areas and sewage sources in the documents of the document database by a Meta analysis method to obtain an analysis and screening result;
processing the analysis and screening results through a sps software to obtain purification effect indexes of different types of emergent aquatic vegetation on each index to be purified;
and selecting 2-6 emergent aquatic vegetation according to the purification effect index to form an emergent aquatic vegetation combination.
3. The repair method of claim 2, wherein the decontamination effect indicator comprises a combined effect value and a 95% confidence interval;
selecting 2-6 emergent aquatic vegetation according to the purification effect index to form an emergent aquatic vegetation combination specifically comprises the following steps:
determining the scoring result of each emergent aquatic vegetation on each index to be purified according to the comprehensive effect value of each emergent aquatic vegetation and the length of a 95% confidence interval;
respectively selecting 1-2 emergent aquatic vegetation with the largest scoring result of each index to be purified;
and (3) forming an emergent vegetation combination by the 1-2 emergent vegetation corresponding to each index to be purified.
4. The method of remediating of claim 3, wherein the determination of the scoring of each emergent aquatic vegetation from its combined effect value and the length of the 95% confidence interval is characterized by:
calculating the comprehensive effect value and the length of a 95% confidence interval of each emergent aquatic vegetation by a first formula to obtain a scoring result of each emergent aquatic vegetation;
the first formula is specifically: c ═ a × Q1+ (100-B) × Q2;
where C is the score, a is the composite effect value, B is the length of the 95% confidence interval, Q1 is the weight of the composite effect value, Q2 is the weight of the 95% confidence interval, and Q1+ Q2 is 100%.
5. The repair method according to claim 3, wherein the combined effect value is a removal rate R of a response ratio lnR;
calculating the removal rate R of the response ratio lnR according to a second formula, wherein the second formula specifically comprises the following steps:
wherein, CoIs the value of the index to be purified in the sewage before purification, C1Is the numerical value of the index to be purified in the purified sewage.
6. The remediation method of claim 1 wherein the water quality indicators comprise Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD), Total Nitrogen (TN) and Total Phosphorus (TP).
7. The method according to claim 1, wherein the acquiring the hydrological element of the research area before the dam is built and the determining the hydro-fluctuation zone of the research area according to the hydrological element specifically comprises:
acquiring hydrological elements before dam building of a research area, and building a two-dimensional hydrodynamic model according to the hydrological elements; the hydrological element comprises water level data at the study zone boundary;
and simulating the whole water level data of the research area before and after the dam is built according to the two-dimensional hydrodynamic model and the water level data at the boundary of the research area, and determining the hydro-fluctuation zone of the research area.
8. The repair method according to claim 7, wherein the overall water level data includes data at a dead water level and data at a normal water level, and the fall zone is a region between the dead water level and the normal water level.
9. The method of remediating of claim 1, wherein the emergent aquatic vegetation combination has an emergent aquatic vegetation planting density of 80-120 plants/m2。
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