CN102249416A - Method for ecologically reconstructing lakeshore buffer zone - Google Patents
Method for ecologically reconstructing lakeshore buffer zone Download PDFInfo
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- CN102249416A CN102249416A CN2011101158911A CN201110115891A CN102249416A CN 102249416 A CN102249416 A CN 102249416A CN 2011101158911 A CN2011101158911 A CN 2011101158911A CN 201110115891 A CN201110115891 A CN 201110115891A CN 102249416 A CN102249416 A CN 102249416A
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for ecologically reconstructing a lakeshore buffer zone, and belongs to the technical fields of water pollution control and ecological restoration. By the method, the water quality of a lake is protected, lakeshore zone non-point source pollution is prevented, and a natural ecological system is restored. The method is characterized by comprising the following steps of: 1, selecting a land area which is a certain distance away from the highest water line of the lake, namely determining a range; 2, removing and modifying a substrate to form ground inclination of 0.3 to 0.5 percent; 3, forming a collecting ditch and a water distribution ditch; 4, arranging an ecological water-permeable purification zone, and taking deep excavation, filler filling and water-permeable ground modifying measures; and 5, determining a construction process, and respectively constructing a shrub and grass zone, an arbor and grass zone and a hedge isolation zone from the near to the distant along the lake by using native species. The construction method is low in investment cost, high in operability, unique, and easy to maintain and operate, does not threaten the native ecological system, and has a wide application prospect in multiple kinds of lake pollution treatment and ecological restoration, particularly lakeshore zone-deficient lake pollution treatment and ecological restoration.
Description
(1) technical field:
The present invention is that a kind of method that makes up the loke shore buffer strip owing to human activity causes the buffer strip ecological functions to degenerate and take belongs to water pollution control and ecological reestablishment field in the littoral heavily contaminated in lake district.
(2) background technology:
In the last few years, along with the continuous increase of rapid economy development and mankind's activity, China's water body in lake water quality presented downtrending, and especially the water pollution of loke shore band is heavier.The mankind have the custom of relieving oedema or abdominal distension through diuresis or purgation and occupying since ancient times, cause loke shore village, farmland, tourism even industrial enterprise to concentrate, the human being's production life activity is frequent in the loke shore band, and its function as last one ecological protective screen in lake almost disappears, and the environmental problem of generation is very serious.Deep water type freshwater lake--the Fuxian Lake of China's water storage maximum, well-known with the beautiful scenery of lakes and mountains of the water quality of cleaning, the Nature with unique Bronze culture.But closely during the last ten years, Affecting Factors of Fuxian Lake Water presents quick downtrending, the lake aquatic attitude also presents certain variation, though present Fuxian Lake water quality on the whole is the I class, but be in the edge that closes on II class water quality, and II class water quality phenomenon has appearred in littoral part water body, and this and Fuxian Lake loke shore band have been assembled in the basin about 1/5 village, and 1/3 population and 1/3 draught animal have direct relation.Second largest plateau, Yunnan Province freshwater lake--Erhai, water quality is also obviously descended to the III class by the II class over past ten years, and the protection in Erhai has caused country and local leader's great attention with improvement, and the pollution of its loke shore band also is very serious.Account for 4% of the basin total area though the loke shore zone face is long-pending, the population in the basin 18.3% that distributing, 26% farmland, its average population density reaches 1610 people/km
2, far above mean level (ML) (339 people/km in basin
2), the environmental stress of loke shore band is very big, so the pollution in loke shore district control keeps meaning very great for lake water quality.
Because the needs of human being's production life make the protection of basin Economic development and natural, ecological have certain contradiction, the loke shore band is the concentrated area of contradiction, is the important component part of the basin land-based area ecosystem.Improvement and ecological construction for the loke shore band; not only can effectively control littoral farmland, village pollution; and for improving lake water quality, repairing the loke shore ecosystem; promote river basin ecological protection paces; promote the river basin ecological environment to realize that benign cycle is extremely important, the Pollution abatement and the restoration of the ecosystem of loke shore band are most important.
In view of the loke shore band for the importance in lake and the loke shore band present situation in lake at present, improvement and the restoration of the ecosystem of carrying out the loke shore band are very necessary.The present invention proposes the method that in 100 meters land scopes of the above extension of lake maximum water level, makes up the loke shore buffer strip, by repairing loke shore strip substrate and topography reform, make up collection water distribution system, ecological permeable purification band and the zone of vegetation, have important promotion and application for lake pollution improvement and restoration of the ecosystem and be worth.
(3) summary of the invention:
The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of protection lake water quality; purify loke shore band early-stage rainwater, farmland drainage pollution of area source; repair the scheme of natural ecosystems; the construction process treatment effect is good, expense is cheap, easy handling, be convenient to management and can not cause secondary pollution, and can stablize the ecosystem, beautifies view.
The present invention is specific as follows:
A kind of method of loke shore buffer strip ecological reconstruction takes " artificial assisting+recover naturally " method progressively to recover the natural ecosystems of loke shore, reduces the human littoral pollution of area source that disturbs, purifies; It comprises the following steps:
A, zone are selected: select the loke shore land area apart from 100 meters of the above extensions of lake maximum water level, make up the zone as ecology;
B, substrate reparation and topography reform: utilize the pre-existing topography physical features, take to scabble, put sloping measure, remove substrate arrangement landform, form 3～5 ‰ ground inclinations;
C, the collection water distribution system is set: for making the buffer strip uniform water distribution, be parallel to lake strandline three collecting gutters (1) are set, about 30 meters at interval, bottom of trench maximum width 50cm; Perpendicular to lake strandline water distribution ditch (2) is set, utilizes original farmland ditch or newly-built, the water distribution ditch is 30-50 rice at interval, bottom of trench maximum width 30cm;
D, ecological permeable purification band is set: comprise three kinds of modes, be respectively up concave type greenery patches (3), underground gravel bed system (4) and water-permeable ground (5); The long and narrow shallow ridges of dark 20-50cm or bottom land in blocks are dug for local in the up concave type greenery patches, and arrangement areas accounts for 20% of buffer strip areas; Underground gravel bed system is filled rubble or vegetable mould for excavation groove 20-50cm in groove, arrangement areas accounts for 20% of buffer strip areas; To have the walkway and be transformed into water-permeable ground, and take terron, rubble ground to mat formation;
E, definite technology that makes up: from the close-by examples to those far off make up filling straw cord (9)-Qiao straw cord (10)-hedgerow isolation strip (11) from the lake respectively; Plant growing is not introduced new alien species; The plantation vegetation mainly contains arbor (6), shrub (7), draft (8) three kind of plant, and irritating grass, shrub selects to have that the hat width of cloth is big, well developed root system, the species rapidly of growing.
Specifically, this method is at the plant recovery initial stage, and the artificial growth pioneer is built the condition that plant recovers naturally, after waiting to reach steady state, removes the part plant, implements the species improvement, progressively the accretion species diversity; The initial cultivated area of shrub accounts for 40% of buffer zone scope, and herbaceous plant takes to sow the grass-seed plantation, and initial cultivated area is 60%, and other self-sows recover.
Have, the loke shore buffer strip of this method needs continuous 3～5 years artificial construction again, can reach nature, the stable ecosystem; Be different from the view way, this system does not need artificial maintenance, and the stable method that is better than the artificial growth species of Plant Diversity.
The present invention is with protection lake water quality; purify loke shore band early-stage rainwater, farmland drainage pollution of area source; the reparation natural ecosystems are main purpose; on substrate reparation and topography reform basis; follow to irritate the principle of design that grass, Qiao Guancao combine, adopt endemic species, suit measures to local conditions to make up ring lake buffer strip; not only have interception, purify the function that rainwash pollutes, and ecological functions, landscape function are also brought into play.This system all is with a wide range of applications in the improvement in all kinds lake and restoration of the ecosystem, and workable, environmental compatibility is strong, and the indigenous ecosystem is not constituted a threat to, and has certain view benefit simultaneously.Characteristics of the present invention are as follows:
1. can effectively collect and purify loke shore band early-stage rainwater, farmland drainage;
2. select land scope, easily operation apart from 100 meters of lake maximum water levels;
3. be provided with 3-5 ‰ landform, be convenient to the cross flow of rainwash nature;
4. be provided with and collect ditch and water distribution ditch, guarantee even water distribution;
5. ecological permeable purification band is set, strengthens and hold back detergent power;
6. rationally determine plantation technology and plant method for planting, only plant pioneer in advance, build plant nature recovery condition, reduced human and material resources, be convenient to establishing in large scale;
7. plant survival rate is higher;
8. do not need manual maintenance behind the system stability;
9. the present invention is pollution-free, has significant environmental benefit.
(4) description of drawings:
Fig. 1 buffer strip ecological construction floor plan synoptic diagram
Fig. 2 buffer strip ecological construction sectional schematic diagram
1, collects ditch 2, water distribution ditch 3, up concave type greenery patches 4, underground gravel bed system 5, pervious surface 6, magaphanerophytes 7, shrub plant 8, herbaceous plant 9, filling straw cord 10, tall straw cord 11, hedgerow band 12, ecological permeable purification band
(5) embodiment:
Embodiment is selected, substrate reparation and topography reform, the collection water distribution system is set, ecological permeable purification band is set, is determined that five links of structure technology form by the zone.
1. the zone is selected
More than the maximum water level in lake, the land scope that pool one along the lake encloses 100 meters of extensions landwards is defined as buffer strip and makes up the zone.
2. substrate reparation and topography reform
Utilize original physical features, removal of contamination arrangement landform, the formation gradient is 3 ‰ landform, is steep candy section, fragmentary hard ridge and hard irrigation canals and ditches to substrate, takes to put the slope, scabbles and remove engineering measure, for ecological vegetation construction creates conditions.
3. the collection water distribution system is set
For making buffer strip form the system of collecting, distributing early-stage rainwater, farmland drainage runoff, reach even water distribution, utilize the sewerage in original farmland in the zone, the part is taked to get through, is newly excavated measure, is parallel to the lake strandline direction three collecting gutters are set, about 30 meters at interval, bottom of trench width 50cm, degree of depth 50cm, the side slope ratio is 1: 3, collecting gutter is taked self-sow vegetation river bottom protection and bank protection; Perpendicular to lake strandline the water distribution ditch is set, 40 meters at interval, water distribution ditch bottom of trench width 30cm, degree of depth 30cm takes self-sow vegetation river bottom protection and bank protection.
4. ecological permeable purification band is set
Take to dig dark, landfill filler mode and make up ecological permeable purification band, comprise three kinds of modes, be respectively up concave type greenery patches, underground gravel bed system and water-permeable ground.The up concave type greenery patches mainly is configured on average to dig and is the large-scale bottom land of 30cm deeply, arranges that the total area accounts for buffer strip and makes up 20% of zone; Underground gravel bed system setting is ditch or the groove of 50cm by the excavation mean depth, its inner rubble or vegetable mould of filling, and arrangement areas accounts for buffer strip and makes up 20% of zone; The construction of ecological pervious surface is mainly taked to make up the walkway that has existed in the zone and is transform terron, the rubble ground mode of mating formation as, increases permeable detergent power.
5, determine to make up technology
Following and irritating grass is main principle, from the close-by examples to those far off makes up respectively from the lake and irritates straw cord-Qiao straw cord-hedgerow isolation strip, and the plantation vegetation mainly contains arbor, shrub, draft three kind of plant, and plant is not introduced new alien species.At first screen the eciophyte species, because one of key whether species selection and configuration are ecology successfully constructs, by collecting the local species register and the biological and ecological mathematic(al) parameter in basin, determine resistant, endemic species that the growth and breeding ability is strong, by using target to filter out the basic tool species that buffer strip makes up; Secondly in the selection of species, shrub species especially, must select to be preced with the width of cloth greatly, well developed root system, the species rapidly of growing, play the effect of the bringing soil erosion under control of Lin Hu; In addition the scenic spot or Lin Lu can suitably select the strong species of sight.
In addition, ecological reconstruction is taked manually auxiliary and is recovered the bonded mode naturally, and at the plant recovery initial stage, ancestor's work post is planted pioneer, after waiting to reach steady state, implements species and improves, progressively the accretion species diversity; The initial cultivated area of shrub accounts for 40% of buffer zone scope, and the initial cultivated area of herbaceous plant is 60%, takes to sow the grass-seed plantation, and other self-sows recover.And in the buffer strip building process, prohibit agricultural chemicals to fertilize, the innoxious alternative measure deinsectization of main employing is removed the evil, and in time the buffer strip implants is carried out after-culture, inter-planting and removal part plant, to guarantee the increase of species diversity, do not need artificial maintenance behind this system stability, can move naturally.
Claims (3)
1. the method for a loke shore buffer strip ecological reconstruction is characterized in that taking " artificial assisting+recover naturally " method progressively to recover the natural ecosystems of loke shore, reduces the human littoral pollution of area source that disturbs, purifies; It comprises the following steps:
A, zone are selected: select the loke shore land area apart from 100 meters of the above extensions of lake maximum water level, make up the zone as ecology;
B, substrate reparation and topography reform: utilize the pre-existing topography physical features, take to scabble, put sloping measure, remove substrate arrangement landform, form 3～5 ‰ ground inclinations;
C, the collection water distribution system is set: for making the buffer strip uniform water distribution, be parallel to lake strandline three collecting gutters (1) are set, about 30 meters at interval, bottom of trench maximum width 50cm; Perpendicular to lake strandline water distribution ditch (2) is set, utilizes original farmland ditch or newly-built, the water distribution ditch is 30-50 rice at interval, bottom of trench maximum width 30cm;
D, ecological permeable purification band is set: comprise three kinds of modes, be respectively up concave type greenery patches (3), underground gravel bed system (4) and water-permeable ground (5); The long and narrow shallow ridges of dark 20-50cm or bottom land in blocks are dug for local in the up concave type greenery patches, and arrangement areas accounts for 20% of buffer strip areas; Underground gravel bed system is filled rubble or vegetable mould for excavation groove 20-50cm in groove, arrangement areas accounts for 20% of buffer strip areas; To have the walkway and be transformed into water-permeable ground, and take terron, rubble ground to mat formation;
E, definite technology that makes up: from the close-by examples to those far off make up filling straw cord (9)-Qiao straw cord (10)-hedgerow isolation strip (11) from the lake respectively; Plant growing is not introduced new alien species; The plantation vegetation mainly contains arbor (6), shrub (7), draft (8) three kind of plant, and irritating grass, shrub selects to have that the hat width of cloth is big, well developed root system, the species rapidly of growing.
2. the method for loke shore buffer strip ecological reconstruction according to claim 1 is characterized in that at the plant recovery initial stage artificial growth pioneer, build the condition that plant recovers naturally, after waiting to reach steady state, remove the part plant, the improvement of enforcement species, progressively accretion species diversity; The initial cultivated area of shrub accounts for 40% of buffer zone scope, and herbaceous plant takes to sow the grass-seed plantation, and initial cultivated area is 60%, and other self-sows recover.
3. the method for loke shore buffer strip ecological reconstruction according to claim 1 is characterized in that the artificial construction that loke shore buffer strip needs are continuous 3～5 years, can reach nature, the stable ecosystem; Be different from the view way, this system does not need artificial maintenance, and the stable method that is better than the artificial growth species of Plant Diversity.
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| CN103609291A (en) * | 2013-11-20 | 2014-03-05 | 东北林业大学 | High-latitude river riparian plant buffer zone |
| CN103726476A (en) * | 2014-01-14 | 2014-04-16 | 东北师范大学 | Ecological pollution prevention and slope protection method for protecting water source |
| CN104047262A (en) * | 2014-05-16 | 2014-09-17 | 河海大学 | Composite curtain wall for efficiently intercepting pollutants in farmland surface source |
| CN104452653A (en) * | 2014-11-13 | 2015-03-25 | 中国环境科学研究院 | Lake buffer zone building method for non-point source pollution control |
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| CN107318447A (en) * | 2017-08-15 | 2017-11-07 | 中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所 | The tall shrub implantation methods of arid area shallow groundwater table heavy salinized ground drip irrigation |
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| CN110028164A (en) * | 2019-04-11 | 2019-07-19 | 中国电建集团贵阳勘测设计研究院有限公司 | A kind of lakeside zone and its construction method intercepting purification pollution of area source |
| CN110028164B (en) * | 2019-04-11 | 2023-11-21 | 中国电建集团贵阳勘测设计研究院有限公司 | Lakeside zone for intercepting and purifying non-point source pollution and construction method thereof |
| CN111395252A (en) * | 2020-03-20 | 2020-07-10 | 深圳园林股份有限公司 | Plant buffer belt structure for improving ecological diversity and construction method thereof |
| CN114319536A (en) * | 2021-12-22 | 2022-04-12 | 江苏龙腾工程设计股份有限公司 | Intelligent sponge ecological buffer zone and construction method thereof |
| CN114319536B (en) * | 2021-12-22 | 2022-08-26 | 江苏龙腾工程设计股份有限公司 | Intelligent sponge ecological buffer zone and construction method thereof |
| CN117280906A (en) * | 2023-11-27 | 2023-12-26 | 中国林业科学研究院生态保护与修复研究所 | Ecological restoration method for coastal beach wetland-related bird habitat |
| CN117280906B (en) * | 2023-11-27 | 2024-02-02 | 中国林业科学研究院生态保护与修复研究所 | Ecological restoration method for coastal beach wetland-related bird habitat |
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