CN105359770B - Outskirts of a town gentle slope type land inland water ecotone vegetational type construction method - Google Patents
Outskirts of a town gentle slope type land inland water ecotone vegetational type construction method Download PDFInfo
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- CN105359770B CN105359770B CN201510626837.1A CN201510626837A CN105359770B CN 105359770 B CN105359770 B CN 105359770B CN 201510626837 A CN201510626837 A CN 201510626837A CN 105359770 B CN105359770 B CN 105359770B
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
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Abstract
The invention belongs to ecological environmental protections and Treatment process field.Vegetational type's construction method of outskirts of a town gentle slope type land inland water ecotone is disclosed, the land inland water ecotone vegetation ecological that being formed is improved based on newborn habitat repairs pattern.This method main contents include：(1) the different zone floristics of vegetation repair Model Design (2) preferably (3) three-dimensional vegetation construction designs (4) vegetation construction space layout, and wherein vegetation construction is related to terrestrial buffer zone, tall shrub band, humidogene grass by band, very the water zone of vegetation and floating leaf submerged vegetation zone.The plants configuration method of the present invention can effectively promote to be formed the habitat of relatively stable land inland water ecotone and inhabit association of plants and animals therebetween, and keep high diversity as far as possible, show the ecoscape of good suburbia type land inland water ecotone.The present invention provides basis for the restoration of the ecosystem of similar land inland water ecotone, and the gentle slope land inland water ecotone in high pressure of human activities such as the middle and lower reach of Yangtze River is suitble to use and promote.
Description
Technical field
Process provides a kind of vegetational type's construction methods for outskirts of a town gentle slope type land inland water ecotone, are formed based on new
The land inland water ecotone vegetation ecological in raw habitat repairs pattern, and the restoration of the ecosystem for similar land inland water ecotone provides basis.The present invention
Belong to ecological environmental protection and Treatment process field.
Background technology
Land inland water ecotone is important connection tie between the two ecosystems of land and water, to the life between two systems
State stream (logistics can flow, information flow) plays important buffering, filtering, barrier, source and the effect of remittance.In addition, because it is by water
The double influence of the two kinds of living environments in land has apparent edge effect, and special heterogeneity is high, can be provided for animal abundant
Habitat (habitat function), while comfortable Recreational places (aesthetic of landscape function) can be also provided for the mankind.But by
In mankind's activity unreasonable exploitation and interference, land inland water ecotone ecosystem degradation, bio-diversity reduction are littoral native at present
Earth is reduced by Eroded, aesthetic of landscape value.Therefore, the recovery with reconstruction of land inland water ecotone degraded ecosystem have become
Restore one of the important content of ecological study.During land inland water ecotone restoration of the ecosystem, the structure of vegetational type is entire
The core of repair process selects rational land inland water ecotone plant and carries out science configuration, and plant is preferably on the spot after making reparation
With growth, form stable community and good succession, while giving full play to water conservation, purify water, conserve water and soil, beautifying the environment
The effect of.
The relevant technologies about land inland water ecotone vegetational type structure mainly have in recent years：
1. China Hydropower Advisory Group East China Survey Design Academe's invention in 2009 is " a kind of for improving reservoir drawdown
The wetland administering method of area's ecological environment " (publication number：CN101580305), mainly it is combined by planting and engineering, it is right
It is protected on gentle slope level land of the reservoir drawdown range within 5m；
2. Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Acadmey of Sciences invention in 2010 " is disappeared using tall shrub arranged perpendicular structure Three Gorges Reservoir and is risen
Method with vegetation " (publication number：CN101790933), 12 kinds of plants that can be grown in Three Gorges Reservoir swelling and subsiding zone Different Altitude are screened
Object proposes to configure tall shrub along height above sea level gradient vertical, builds the technical measures of reservoir water fluctuation belt vegetation；
3. " a kind of plants configuration method reinforced tidal flat and corrode steep bank " of East China Normal University's invention in 2010 is (open
Number：CN102334416), by along corroding steep bank and corroding steep bank area above, increasing in the herbaceous community of tidal flat native country and planting
Arbor species build the solid bank forest belt of tall grass；
" construction method of natural revetment arbor type phytobiocoenose " 4. of Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Acadmey of Sciences invention in 2012
(publication number：CN102919043), " construction method of natural revetment Gao Cong fruticetas " (publication number：CN102934578), " from
The construction method of the right short fruticeta of revetment " (publication number：CN102919041), by artificial and refute naturally to Wuhan City
Bank carries out vegetation investigation as sample, is structure basis with the phytobiocoenose under NATURAL DISTRIBUTION state, while in order to increase plant
The landscape diversity and stability of group obtain more rational phytobiocoenose model in conjunction with the ecological niche of different plants；
5. a kind of " side of spiral shell and the reasonable mashed up structure ecological revetment of water plant of Shanghai Ocean University's invention in 2013
Method " (publication number：CN103548529), it is proposed that by spiral shell and the mashed up structure ecological revetment of water plant, preferably to build water
The benign ecosystem of land ecotone.
6. a kind of " construction method of buffer area ecology Riparian zone " (publication number of Huaqiao University's invention in 2014：
CN104429529), it is proposed that including structure range determination, gentle slope belt environmental survey, gabion band structure, low level pool structure, more pools
It builds, be detained canal construction, the management of ecological Riparian zone and the ecological bank band construction method for safeguarding step.
As it can be seen that domestic at present have certain Research foundation in terms of natural land inland water ecotone vegetation construction method, but it is right
The outskirts of a town gentle slope type land inland water ecotone vegetation construction method in newborn habitat is not yet related to after eliminating artificial severe jamming.Due to city
Suburb gentle slope type land inland water ecotone is located at urban inner or urban fringe, is responsible for carrying urban life and Ecosystem Service,
Its ecosystem suffers from artificial severe jamming, when carrying out such ecological system degradation, generally require eliminate human interference into
The reconstruction of row substrate, often there is the problems such as poor land occupation condition, structural instability in the newborn substrate after reconstruction, therefore increasingly increasing
Under strong human interference activity, it is necessary to conduct a research to vegetational type's structure of suburbia type gentle slope land inland water ecotone.
Present invention aims at offer one kind taking into account the ecological value and landscape value, vegetational type is carried out in newborn substrate
Construction method.This method is used and is promoted suitable for suburban areas gentle slope land inland water ecotone, to land inland water ecotone revegetation and
Community hight is of great significance.
Invention content
The present invention is to carry out the structure of vegetational type in the gentle slope region of land inland water ecotone new life substrate.
The present invention for implement to move back fishing also lake, restore farmland to lakes and to move back the gentle slope land inland water ecotone after the engineerings such as country fair also lake newborn
Substrate stability is poor, and improved feature is badly in need of in habitat, based on newborn habitat characteristics, carries out the land inland water ecotone life of suburbia type gentle slope
Border solid vegetation design, while considering the landscape diversity and stability of phytobiocoenose, build adaptable land inland water ecotone
Water plant vertical distribution structure of community system rebuilds the land inland water ecotone aquatic vegetation ecosystem.BROAD SUMMARY is：
1, vegetation repair Model Design
The outskirts of a town gentle slope type land inland water ecotone gradient is shallower, and the overall gradient is often between 3 °~10 °, broad beach
Condition is conducive to carry out completely serial restoration of the ecosystem.Leaf is floated by the band-very water zone of vegetation-with terrestrial buffer zone-Qiao's shrub band-humidogene grass
The three-dimensional vegetation of submerged vegetation zone is basic model, and according to the spatial variations situation of habitat conditions, analysis determines that its different is repaiied
Complex pattern.
Terrestrial buffer zone-Qiao's shrub band-humidogene grass floats leaf submerged vegetation band model by the band-very water zone of vegetation-：The pattern is suitable
For gentle gradient and even variation, width are more than 20m, land inland water ecotone of the whole gradient at≤10 °.
Terrestrial buffer zone-humidogene grass floats leaf submerged vegetation band model by the band-very water zone of vegetation-：The pattern is suitable for ordinary water
Position area above more rises steeply (30 ° of gradient >), the land inland water ecotone of ordinary water level following region gentle (gradient≤10 °).
Terrestrial buffer zone-Qiao's shrub band-humidogene grass is by the floating leaf submerged vegetation band model of band-：The pattern is suitable for ordinary water level
Area above gentle (gradient≤10 °), ordinary water level following region are risen steeply the land inland water ecotone of (30 ° of gradient >) suddenly.
2, different zone floristics are preferred
Since newborn substrate contains larger particles and soil property is harder, substrate soil has that cohesive force is low, fertility is low, plant
The on the spot features such as difficulty, in combination with region water level seasonal fluctuation formed land-based area area, Seasonal flooding area and waterflooding area,
The adaptability and habitat improvement property of species are considered when floristics is preferred.In addition, outskirts of a town gentle slope land inland water ecotone carries resident
It goes on tour function, each zone plant fully considers ecoscape and aesthstic benefit when preferred, in conjunction with vegetative season, flower
Leaf fruit characteristic makes good viewpoint.
Tree zone floristics：Arbor mainly considers the improvement to substrate, can preferably rapidly adapt to newborn substrate, resistance to poor
Lean, well developed root system local humidogene species, such as water willow, taxodium ascendens；
Shrub zone floristics：Shrub mainly considers improvement to substrate and landscape, preferably resistance to water logging, well developed root system,
The species that solid-holding capacity is good, the four seasons are evergreen；
Humidogene draft band：Hygrophyte mainly considers the improvement to entering lake Runoff and the stabilization to substrate, growth expansion
Zhang Nengli and landscape effect, preferably for many years perennial root, drought-enduring moisture-proof, well developed root system, grow vigorous, the good species of landscape；
The very water zone of vegetation：Emergent aquactic plant mainly considers to act on the stabilization of range of stage strip substrate with fixing, preferred growth
Quickly, the local species adaptable to range of stage, such as reed, hay grass, calamus；
Floatingleaved vegetation band：Floatingleaved plant mainly considers landscape and prevents foreign term, selects local ornamental value
Preferable lotus, floating heart etc.；
Submerged vegetation zone：Submerged plant mainly considers the adaptability to substrate and the improvement result to water quality, preferably plant height
Higher, riotous growth, adaptable, relatively low to water quality requirement, with season alternation local species, for example, eel grass, watermifoil,
Black algae, hornwort, water caltrop.
It is on the spot grown from plant from the aspect of being kept with substrate stability, adapts to the plant of the land inland water ecotone of newborn substrate
Object answers that selection adaptation is strong, species of impoverishment tolerant, well developed root system, riotous growth, recommends kind such as a following table.
| Biotype | It is required that | Recommend plant classification |
| Arbor | Humidogene arbor rapidly adapts to new substrate | Water willow, taxodium ascendens |
| Shrub | Resistance to water logging, well developed root system, solid-holding capacity are good | Spire awns, cattail and reed, cogongrass |
| Humidogene draft | Short, drought-enduring moisture-proof, covering power are strong | Leersia Sw, barnyard grass, mushroom grass, the chrysanthemum fire hose |
| Very water vegetation | Adaptability type, growth are vigorous | Reed, calamus, cattail, iris, Scirpus tabernaemontani |
| Floatingleaved vegetation | Ornamental value is good | Floating heart, lotus, duckweed |
| Submerged vegetation | Plant height is compared with high, tiller is more | Black algae, hornwort, bog pondweed |
3, three-dimensional vegetation construction design
Terrestrial buffer zone：In the land of land inland water ecotone periphery to terrestrial buffer zone is arranged on the outside of region, tall shrub band, play
Isolation strip acts on the outside of land inland water ecotone, is built based on ramping constraints.
Tall shrub band：Substantially not by the gentle slope region of water logging more than ordinary water level, with the stronger humidogene arbor of adaptability
As built tree zone, plantation spacing 5m × 5m based on water willow, taxodium ascendens；Gentle slope area is moist, for many years to like under humidogene high forest
Raw perennial root, the fruticuli of floral leaf grace and grass are built understory species band based on plant, and plantation cover degree is 60~80%；In ordinary water
Or more the even region by water logging, with can moisture-proof be drought-enduring, carries out structure grass by intermediate zone, kind based on herbaceous plant of well developed root system
It is 60~80% to plant cover degree；Form in picturesque disorder plant ladder.
Humidogene grass is by band：In ordinary water level about 2~4m width regions up and down, sent out with drought-enduring moisture-proof, perennial root, root system
It reaches, build humidogene grass based on the grass quilt that covering power is strong by band, humidogene grass is whole careless by based on green by band, and flowers grass is by point
Sew therebetween, short hygrophyte is planted in outside, and high bar hygrophyte is planted in inside, and plantation cover degree is 60%.
The very water zone of vegetation：In the regions ordinary water level following 10~50cm of the depth of water, based on local adaptability type such as reed, calamus
Structure endures the water zone of vegetation, plantation spacing 0.5m × 0.5m.
Floating leaf submerged vegetation zone：It is more than the regions 50cm in the following depth of water of ordinary water level, with floatingleaved plant such as floating heart, lotus, duckweed class,
Submerged plant such as eel grass, black algae, hornwort, watermifoil etc. is built, and planting patterns is manually to introduce a fine variety.
4, vegetation construction space layout
It is carried out three-dimensional in conjunction with the spatial diversity of land inland water ecotone habitat conditions according to the applicable elements of three overhaul complex patterns
Vegetation construction selects corresponding vegetation repair pattern according to each regional slope and land inland water ecotone width and divides all kinds of vegetation
Band forms three-dimensional vegetation construction space layout figure.
Description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is that terrestrial buffer zone-Qiao's shrub band-humidogene grass repairs pattern by the floating leaf submerged vegetation zone in the band-very water zone of vegetation-
Diagrammatic cross-section；Fig. 2 is terrestrial buffer zone-humidogene grass quilt band-, and very the floating leaf submerged vegetation zone in the water zone of vegetation-is repaired type section and is shown
It is intended to；Fig. 3 is that terrestrial buffer zone-humidogene grass repairs type section schematic diagram by the floating leaf submerged vegetation zone of band-.
Wherein：0- ordinary water level；1- embankments；2- terrestrial buffer zones；Qiao's 3- shrub band；4- humidogene grass is by band；5- endures water vegetation
Band；6- floats leaf submerged vegetation zone；7- artificial dams；α-the gradient≤10 °；β-the gradient >=30 °.
Specific implementation mode
Here is the embodiment of the present invention, gives detailed embodiment to the method for the present invention and specifically operated
Journey, but protection scope of the present invention is not limited to following embodiments.
The present embodiment is in " 12th Five-Year Plan " water special project project " Taihu Lake tribute arm of lake land inland water ecotone macrophyte reestablishment engineering skill
Art research and demonstration " is configured, and it is from the eldest child's dike lands Gong Hu to the gentle slope region to water to extension, topography variation to implement region
Relatively slow, the gradient is between 3.67 °~8.61 °, and for water in the range of length about 10~100m, water level is maintained at the left sides 2.8~4.1m
It is right.The region is located at Taihu Lake new city southern side, belongs to and moves back fishing also lake region, and soil property is harder, contains particle or stone, and land occupation condition is poor.
Vegetation construction method using the present invention, the habitat in the region are obviously improved.Combination technology demonstration area elevation and landform
Situation, each zone of vegetation plant structure are as follows.
(1) terrestrial buffer zone
Ramping constraints are configured in the gabion regional extent that elevation is 4.1m or so, using fragment planting patterns, in second
The region of about 4.1m on the inside of gabion, transplants ramping constraints, distance 2m or so between every plant；Plant, which is changed, at interval of about 20m or so climbs rattan plant
Species.According to the actual conditions of TAI HU AREA, three kinds of ivy, winter creeper, leaflet winter creeper ramping constraints are selected.
(2) tall shrub band
According to the actual conditions of TAI HU AREA, select Chinese tallow tree, Chinese ash, dryland willow and taxodium ascendens plantation high on the inside of second gabion
Region between 3.6~3.9m of journey plants spacing 5m × 5m, kind of a seeds is changed at interval of 50m.Under arbor 3.6~3.9m of elevation it
Between region, configuration Spiraea ×bumald 'Gold Mound', mountain peach grass and Shasta daisy, fragment plantation.Region between 3.6~3.4m of elevation, plantation
Red alternanthera, Asiatic plantain and Dianthus chinensis, fragment plantation, plantation cover degree reach 80%.Region between 3.4~3.2m of elevation,
Plantation energy moisture-proof drought-enduring Zoysia sinica and sedum lineare, plantation cover degree reach 80%.
(3) humidogene grass is by band
Humidogene grass quilt is configured in the regional extent of 3.1~3.2m of elevation, with green grass by based on, flowers grass is interspersed it
Between, short hygrophyte such as Bermuda grass, cordate houttuynia, mushroom grass, garden sorrel are planted in outside, high bar hygrophyte such as cyperus alternifolius, Lee
In inside, fragment divides band to be planted for family name's standing grain, Paspalum distichum, nutgrass flatsedge plantation.Plantation cover degree reaches 60%.
(4) the water zone of vegetation is endured
Water vegetation is endured in the regional extent configuration of 2.8~3.1m of elevation, Lythrum salicaria, thaliadeabata configure on the outside, reed, stone
Calamus, cattail, Scirpus tabernaemontani and the configuration of hay grass are interspersed in inside, flower calamus in wherein, and different emergent aquactic plant fragments are transplanted, ribbon kind
It plants.It is 0.5m × 0.5m to plant spacing.
(5) leaf submerged vegetation zone is floated
Leaf submerged plant is floated in the regional extent configuration of 2.6~2.8m of elevation.Floatingleaved plant on the outside, including submerged plant
Side water phase higher depth.Floatingleaved plant selects floating heart, water lily and field word duckweed, plantation cover degree to reach 30%；Submerged plant selection eel grass,
Black algae, Potamogeton maackianu, water caltrop, hornwort etc. are planted, and plantation cover degree reaches 40%.
This solid vegetation construction implements regional slope variation and differs, but the overall gradient is less than 10 °, and entirety selects terrestrial protection
Float leaf submerged vegetation band model for band-tall shrub band-humidogene grass is by band-the very water zone of vegetation-, and each region is according to the width of land inland water ecotone
Degree suitably adjusts the range of each zone of vegetation.
This solid vegetation construction engineering is implemented in May, 2014, and the monitoring result in 6~July in 2015 shows：Tribute lake technology
Demonstration area terrestrial, humidogene and aquatic plants growth are in great numbers, and vegetation is in picturesque disorder, and summer collective coverage reaches 60%, and land and water is handed over
Wrong band vegetation ecosystem structure and function is restored, and water quality classification fades to V classes by bad V classes.From the point of view of landscape angle, formed
Summer full-blown flowers point point, the pleasing to the eye lake protection landscape of winter green, is increasingly becoming the ground of citizen's amusement and travel.
Claims (5)
1. outskirts of a town gentle slope type land inland water ecotone vegetational type construction method, which is characterized in that vegetational type's construction method needle
The land inland water ecotone that newborn substrate stability is poor, improvement is badly in need of in habitat after fishing, field or country fair also lake engineering is moved back to implementation, including is planted
Be repaired Model Design, different zone floristics preferably, in three-dimensional vegetation construction design and vegetation construction space layout four
Hold；
It is shallower in the gradient, the overall gradient between 3 °~10 °, width 20m or more outskirts of a town gentle slope type land inland water ecotone,
It is to repair substantially with the three-dimensional vegetation that terrestrial buffer zone-Qiao's shrub band-humidogene grass floats leaf submerged vegetation zone by the band-very water zone of vegetation-
Complex pattern is analyzed according to the spatial variations situation of habitat conditions and determines its different reparation pattern；
For newborn substrate soil property is hard, cohesive force is low, fertility is low, plant on the spot difficult feature, in conjunction with land inland water ecotone SEA LEVEL VARIATION
Situation, arbor, shrub type consider that the improvement result to substrate, hygrophyte type consider to the purification of water quality, to substrate
Stablize and Rapid Expansion ability, emergent aquactic plant type consider to act on the stabilization of range of stage strip substrate with fixing, submerged plant
Consider adaptability and the improvement result to water quality；
Terrestrial buffer zone is set to region in the land of land inland water ecotone periphery in three-dimensional vegetation construction design, is with ramping constraints
It is main；Arbor is arranged more than ordinary water level substantially not by the gentle slope region of water logging, plantation spacing 5m × 5m in tall shrub band；Fruticuli
With grass by plant in arbor underwood planting, plantation cover degree is 60~80%；Grass is by transition zone setting occasionally by water more than ordinary water level
The region flooded, plantation cover degree are 60~80%；2~4m width regions are arranged above and below ordinary water level by band in humidogene grass, with green grass
By based on, flowers grass is interspersed, and plantation cover degree is 60%；Very the water zone of vegetation is arranged in the following 10~50cm of the depth of water of ordinary water level
Region, plantation spacing 0.5m × 0.5m；The region for being more than 50cm in the following depth of water of ordinary water level is arranged in floating leaf submerged vegetation zone.
2. according to the method described in claim 1, it is characterized in that, being more than 20m, whole in gentle gradient and even variation, width
The land inland water ecotone of the body gradient≤10 ° floats leaf by the band-very water zone of vegetation-using terrestrial buffer zone-Qiao's shrub band-humidogene grass and sinks
Repair pattern in the water zone of vegetation.
3. according to the method described in claim 1, it is characterized in that, more rising steeply, below ordinary water level in ordinary water level area above
The gentle land inland water ecotone in region floats leaf submerged vegetation zone reparation using terrestrial buffer zone-humidogene grass by the band-very water zone of vegetation-
Pattern, 30 ° of the gradient > to rise steeply, gentle incline≤10 °.
4. according to the method described in claim 1, it is characterized in that, ordinary water level area above is gentle, ordinary water level following region
The land inland water ecotone to rise steeply repairs pattern, institute using terrestrial buffer zone-Qiao's shrub band-humidogene grass by the floating leaf submerged vegetation zone of band-
State gentle incline≤10 °, 30 ° of the gradient > to rise steeply.
5. according to the method described in claim 1, it is characterized in that, vegetation construction space layout is each regional slope determining first
And land inland water ecotone width, corresponding vegetation repair pattern then is selected in this, as conditional parameter, finally according to reparation mould
Formula divides each regional vegetation band, to form three-dimensional vegetation construction space layout figure.
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