CN106745786B - Plant optimal configuration method for wetland lakeside zone surface source pollution interception and water body purification - Google Patents
Plant optimal configuration method for wetland lakeside zone surface source pollution interception and water body purification Download PDFInfo
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
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Abstract
The invention discloses a plant optimal configuration method for intercepting wetland lakeside zone surface source pollution and purifying water body, which comprises plant optimal configuration of an onshore water body, an amphibious cross zone and a near-shore water body, wherein a community of the plant optimal configuration is represented by a terrestrial plant zone, a hygrophyte zone and an aquatic plant zone which are distributed in sequence on a horizontal structure, miscanthus sinensis is planted in the terrestrial plant zone, sedum aristata is planted in the hygrophyte zone, and sowthistle grass is planted in the aquatic plant zone. The plant community has both ecological function and landscape benefit, can effectively intercept surface source pollution such as surface runoff and the like entering natural water bodies such as lakes, riverways and the like through optimized configuration, absorbs and purifies pollution in water bodies of lakeside zones, and simultaneously improves the survival rate of the plant community of the lakeside zones.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of environmental ecological restoration, and particularly relates to a plant optimal configuration method for improving the survival rate of a plant community in a lakeside zone, improving the efficiency of pollution interception and near-shore water purification treatment in the lakeside zone, and reducing the engineering cost for constructing an ecological system.
Background
Wetland plants are important components of wetland lakeside zones, remove harmful substances such as nitrogen, phosphorus, suspended matters and the like in natural water through various modes such as self metabolism, absorption, adsorption, interception and the like, and are one of the effective methods and ways for repairing polluted water in the wetland at present. In the aspect of water body or sewage purification application of wetland plant species, the types of aquatic plants are taken as main plants at home and abroad, and the most commonly used wetland plants mainly comprise reed, cattail, rice, silvergrass, wild rice stem, rhizoma sparganii, allium mongolicum regel, juncus effuses, aquatic iris, arrowhead, calamus, sedge, cress, duckweed, canna, eichhornia crassipes, eleusine indica, allium mongolicum regel, pinkeyweed, watercress, watermifoil foxtail, saxifrage and the like. Because different wetland plants have specificity in absorbing pollutants and each plant root system microbial community is single, the removal limitation of the pollutants by planting a single plant is large, and related theories consider that: the water body purification effect can be better exerted by selecting plants with different decontamination abilities to match and combine with a single plant, and because of the purification advantages of each aquatic plantEach has its own characteristics, and the ecological combination of different plants makes them mutually make up for each other's deficiencies. The invention patent application CN 105129996A discloses a research method of a plant diversity configuration scheme of an artificial wetland in northeast, and according to plant ecotypes, habitat water level characteristics and community dominant position factors in the northeast, plant configurations are obtained by screening according to the composition of plant cold resistance, decontamination capability, adaptability and ecological stability: planting Typha angustifolia-Iris, Acorus calamus-Iris or Typha angustifolia-Acorus calamus-Iris according to equal proportion and equal density, planting density is 150 plants/m2. The invention patent CN 103073110B discloses a method for purifying wetland water body by compounding aquatic plants one by one, which is characterized in that watermifoil, irises flaviviae and shallots are combined and cultivated to an artificial floating island, irises flaviviae and shallots are planted in holes of the artificial floating island, and watermifoil is planted at a position 15-30 cm below the water bottom.
In the practice of plant collocation or mosaic combination, due to the growth inhibition possibly existing among different plants, the natural withering and updating of the plants and the like, the phenomena of low plant survival rate and unstable water quality treatment effect often exist, the overall landscape benefit is not fully considered, namely, the multiple functions of pollution interception, water purification, stable ecological function and good landscape effect building cannot be realized at the same time, and the configuration mode cannot be popularized and applied in a large area.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problems in the prior art, the invention aims to provide a plant optimal configuration method for wetland lakeside zone surface source pollution interception and water purification, and the method provides a plant community with both ecological function and landscape benefit.
In order to achieve the technical purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a plant optimal configuration method for wetland lakeside zone surface source pollution interception and water body purification comprises plant optimal configuration of an onshore water zone, an amphibious cross zone and a near-shore water body, wherein a community of the plant optimal configuration has the structural characteristics that a terrestrial plant zone, a hygrophyte zone and an aquatic plant zone are sequentially distributed on a horizontal structure.
The method is based on surface runoff and other surface source pollution reduction, starts with surface source pollution source reduction, combines the harmonious requirements of spatial and geomorphic features and ecological landscape, constructs a pollution on-the-way step-by-step control technology, and aims at reducing pollutants layer by layer.
The land plant zone is an area where land plants are planted in the lakeside zone of the wetland, and is generally an area with the highest water level and the shoreline being 1-2 m away from the water body, and the area is planted with miscanthus sinensis; the planting method of the miscanthus sinensis is cutting, the miscanthus sinensis with developed root system and plant length larger than 60cm is selected, and proper planting density is selected according to the condition that terrestrial plants have pollution sources, and the planting density is 60-160 buds/m generally2(ii) a The survival rate of the miscanthus sinensis planted by the method is more than 90%; preferably, the average length of the plants is 65cm, and the planting density is 80 buds/m2. The miscanthus sinensis can retain organisms such as leaves and branches caused by surface runoff and intercept suspended solid particles such as sand, and the retention rate is more than 95%; nitrogen and phosphorus and other nutrient substances brought by surface runoff are absorbed, and the purification efficiency is more than 85%; due to the developed root system of the miscanthus sinensis, the water and soil loss of terrestrial plants can be prevented, and a good soil fixing effect is achieved.
The hygrophyte zone is an area suitable for planting hygrophytes in the wetland lakeside area and is an area between the highest water level water shoreline and the lowest water level water shoreline, and the area is planted with Carex curvesa; the planting method of the Carex curvata is meadow laying or cutting.
The meadow laying is to select a bent carex meadow with a root system length of 40-60 cm, and the planting density is 2-20 kg/m2Preferably, the average length of the root system is 50cm, and the planting density is 10kg/m2(ii) a The planting mode is suitable for the hygrophyte belt with poor geological conditions and more gravels. Particularly, the root length of the meadow is 40-60 cm, so that the growth points of the bent-bag carex can be guaranteed to be intact, and the influence on the purification and interception effects of the bent-bag carex meadow due to excessive dead roots is avoided. The planting method can ensure that the Carex corniculatus can bendThe survival rate of the fertilizer is more than 95 percent.
The cuttage is to loosen the soil of the wet plant zone, or a layer of silt, loess or sand is laid on the wet plant zone to serve as a substrate, and strong and stout lichen planus underground stems are selected to grow, wherein the cuttage density of the underground stems is 5-10 buds per bunch and 5-20 bunches per meter2The cuttage depth of the underground stems is 10-30 cm; the planting method is suitable for wetland plant zones with good geological conditions, soft matrixes and the like. The planting method can ensure that the survival rate of the Carex curvatus is more than 90 percent. The carex benghalensis is a hygrophyte with good purification effect in water body restoration engineering, the root system is huge and complicated, a lump can be formed, pollutants such as total nitrogen, total phosphorus, ammonia nitrogen, COD and the like brought by surface runoff can be effectively absorbed and absorbed, the purification efficiency of the total nitrogen and the COD is more than 85%, and the purification efficiency of the total phosphorus and the ammonia nitrogen is more than 92%.
The aquatic plant zone is an area where aquatic plants are planted in the wetland lakeside zone, and is an area with the lowest water level water shoreline close to the water body direction by 1-3 m in general, and the area is planted with densefruit pith; the planting method of the bittersweet herb comprises the steps of cutting the whole plant, selecting the bittersweet herb growing stout, cutting off the leaves of the bittersweet herb to ensure that the length of the plant is 10-50 cm, and the planting density is 20-90 plants/m2Preferably, the average length of the plants is 30cm, and the planting density is 35 plants/m2(ii) a The planting time is 4-8 months per year, and the depth of the cutting into the substrate is 5-15 cm. The densefruit has good purification effect on pollutants such as nitrogen, phosphorus and the like in the water body, and can adsorb suspended particles in the water body, thereby improving the transparency and the landscape effect of the water body. The purification efficiency of the denseflower bittersweet on the total nitrogen and the total phosphorus in the water body is more than 85 percent, and the adsorption rate on suspended matters is more than 80 percent.
Preferably, the feasibility range of the bank slope ratio of the plant optimal configuration is 1: 3-1: 5.
Particularly, the flower color of the miscanthus floridulus at the flowering phase is gradually changed from the initial pink color to the red color, and the flower color is changed into the silvery white color in autumn, so that the miscanthus floridulus is a commonly used ornamental grass in gardens and has a good color matching effect; the curdlan sedge stalks are thick and strong, and the height is 60-100 cm; the dens elegans is evergreen in four seasons, does not grow out of the water surface, and can form the effect of an underwater forest. Through the configuration planting of the miscanthus sinensis, the carex crenata and the sowthistle denseflower, a landscape zone with stable ecological function, rich colors and distinct levels can be formed in the lakeside zone of the wetland.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
1. aiming at surface source pollution such as surface runoff of a wetland lakeside zone, combining harmonious requirements of spatial landform and ecological landscape, constructing a pollution process gradual control technology by using an ecological method through optimized configuration of Miscanthus sinensis-Carex curvatus-Carex densefolius ternary plants, and reducing pollutants layer by layer, and is an innovation from the perspective of an ecological system.
2. By researching the technology for planting the plants in the wetland lakeside zone, the survival rate of the plants can be ensured, the landscape benefit of the wetland lakeside zone can be improved, and the technology is an innovation for scientific research and application.
3. Through the optimized configuration of the Miscanthus sinensis-Carex curvatus-Sophora densa picrass ternary plant community and the cooperation of the specific and differentiated planting parameters, pollutants can be purified layer by layer, the survival rate of plants is remarkably improved, a good landscape effect can be built, and a multi-action effect is realized.
4. The whole plant is visual and feasible in optimal configuration and planting mode, clear in function, clear in positioning, low in investment and simple and convenient to manage and maintain.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of an optimized configuration of a Miscanthus sinensis-Carex curvatus-Sophora densa plant in an embodiment of the present invention.
Reference numerals: A. ramulus et folium Miscanthi; B. bending the bag moss belt; C. densefruit cinquefoil herb belt; D. a highest water level water shoreline; E. a lowest water level water shoreline; F. normal water level water shoreline.
Detailed Description
In the following, a specific embodiment of the present invention is described in detail with reference to fig. 1, but the present invention is not limited in any way by the claims.
Example 1
As shown in fig. 1, the present invention is applied to the lakeside zone of the wetland of the wuxi tribute gulf of lake.
In the wetland lakeside zone of tribute bayIn the region with the southwest side bank slope ratio of 1: 3, the plant community of the miscanthus sinensis-curdlan sedge-densefruit sophora is optimally configured to be about 1700m2. Wherein: the planting area of the miscanthus sinensis is 570m2The planting mode is cuttage, the average length of the plants is 65cm, and the planting density is 80 buds/m2The water surface is positioned in an area which is 1m away from the water body direction of the highest water level water bank line; the planting area of the carex curvatus is 760m2The planting mode is meadow laying, the root system of the dug curdlan sedge has the average length of 50cm, and the planting density is 10kg/m2A region between the highest water level water shoreline and the lowest water level water shoreline; the planting area of the densefruit sophora is 370m2The planting mode is cuttage, the average length of the plants is 30cm, and the planting density is 35 plants/m2The planting time is 5 months, the depth of the cuttage into the matrix is 10cm, and the cuttage is positioned in an area of the lowest water level water bank line, which is 1.5m close to the direction of the water body.
The ecological function stability, the plant survival rate and the landscape effect of the optimized configuration community are verified:
after the optimally configured plant community grows for 45 days, the survival rate of the plant is over 95 percent. The flower color of the miscanthus sinensis turns from pink initially to red gradually in the flowering phase, the flower color turns to silvery white in autumn, the color matching effect is good, the curdlan sedge stalk is thick and strong and 60-100 cm high, the densefruit sophora herb is evergreen in four seasons and does not grow out of the water surface, the effect of an underwater forest can be formed, the color is rich, the layers are clear, and the landscape effect is good.
Tests prove that the comprehensive interception rate of miscanthus sinensis and Carex curvatus on total nitrogen is 92%, and the comprehensive interception rate of miscanthus sinensis and Carex curvatus on total phosphorus is 96%; the comprehensive interception rate of ammonia nitrogen is 95 percent, and the comprehensive interception rate of suspended matters is 98 percent; the planting of the densefruit eel grass further evolves the water body and pollutants flowing into the water body, wherein the purification efficiency of total nitrogen is 90%, the purification efficiency of total phosphorus is 92%, and the purification efficiency of suspended matters is 90%.
It should be understood that the detailed description of the invention is merely illustrative of the invention and is not intended to limit the invention to the specific embodiments described. It will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that the present invention may be modified or substituted equally as well to achieve the same technical result; as long as the use requirements are met, the method is within the protection scope of the invention.
Claims (3)
1. A plant optimal configuration method for wetland lakeside zone surface source pollution interception and water body purification is characterized by comprising plant optimal configuration of an onshore water body, an amphibious cross zone and a nearshore water body, wherein a community of the plant optimal configuration is represented by sequentially distributing a terrestrial plant zone, a hygrophyte zone and an aquatic plant zone on a horizontal structure;
the land plant zone is an area with the highest water level water shoreline being 1-2 m away from the direction of the water body, and the area is planted with miscanthus sinensis; the planting method of the miscanthus sinensis is cutting, the miscanthus sinensis with developed root system and plant length larger than 60cm is selected, and planting density is 60-160 buds/m2；
The hygrophyte zone is an area between a highest water level water shoreline and a lowest water level water shoreline, and the area is planted with Carex benghalensis; the planting method of the Carex curvata is meadow laying or cutting; the meadow laying is to select a bent carex meadow with a root system length of 40-60 cm, and the planting density is 2-20 kg/m2(ii) a The cuttage is to loosen the soil of the wet plant zone, or a layer of silt, loess or sand is laid on the wet plant zone to serve as a substrate, and strong and stout lichen planus underground stems are selected to grow, wherein the cuttage density of the underground stems is 5-10 buds per bunch and 5-20 bunches per meter2The cuttage depth of the underground stems is 10-30 cm;
the aquatic plant zone is an area with the lowest water level water bank line close to the water body direction by 1-3 m, and the region is planted with the densefruit sophora root; the planting method of the bittersweet herb comprises the steps of cutting the whole plant, selecting the bittersweet herb growing stout, cutting off the leaves of the bittersweet herb to ensure that the length of the plant is 10-50 cm, and the planting density is 20-90 plants/m2The planting time is 4-8 months per year, and the depth of the cutting into the substrate is 5-15 cm; the bank slope ratio feasibility range of the plant optimized configuration is 1: 3-1: 5;
the average length of the plant of the Miscanthus floridulus is 65cm, and the planting density is 80 buds/m2；
The root system of the Carex curvatus is averagely longThe degree is 50cm, and the planting density is 10kg/m2；
The average length of the plants of the densefruit sophora is 30cm, and the planting density is 35 plants/m2。
2. The plant optimal configuration method for wetland lakeside zone surface source pollution interception and water purification according to claim 1, characterized by comprising the following steps: the planting method selected by the hydrophyte zone with poor geological conditions and more gravels is meadow laying.
3. The plant optimal configuration method for wetland lakeside zone surface source pollution interception and water purification according to claim 1, characterized by comprising the following steps: the planting method selected by the hygrophyte zone with soft matrix is cuttage under good geological conditions.
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