CN106381837A - Ecological restoration structural system and restoration method for lakeside zone - Google Patents
Ecological restoration structural system and restoration method for lakeside zone Download PDFInfo
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- CN106381837A CN106381837A CN201610917567.4A CN201610917567A CN106381837A CN 106381837 A CN106381837 A CN 106381837A CN 201610917567 A CN201610917567 A CN 201610917567A CN 106381837 A CN106381837 A CN 106381837A
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Classifications
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02B—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING
- E02B3/00—Engineering works in connection with control or use of streams, rivers, coasts, or other marine sites; Sealings or joints for engineering works in general
- E02B3/04—Structures or apparatus for, or methods of, protecting banks, coasts, or harbours
- E02B3/06—Moles; Piers; Quays; Quay walls; Groynes; Breakwaters ; Wave dissipating walls; Quay equipment
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/005—Cultivation methods
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02B—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING
- E02B3/00—Engineering works in connection with control or use of streams, rivers, coasts, or other marine sites; Sealings or joints for engineering works in general
- E02B3/04—Structures or apparatus for, or methods of, protecting banks, coasts, or harbours
- E02B3/12—Revetment of banks, dams, watercourses, or the like, e.g. the sea-floor
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02B—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING
- E02B3/00—Engineering works in connection with control or use of streams, rivers, coasts, or other marine sites; Sealings or joints for engineering works in general
- E02B3/04—Structures or apparatus for, or methods of, protecting banks, coasts, or harbours
- E02B3/12—Revetment of banks, dams, watercourses, or the like, e.g. the sea-floor
- E02B3/122—Flexible prefabricated covering elements, e.g. mats, strips
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02B—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING
- E02B3/00—Engineering works in connection with control or use of streams, rivers, coasts, or other marine sites; Sealings or joints for engineering works in general
- E02B3/04—Structures or apparatus for, or methods of, protecting banks, coasts, or harbours
- E02B3/12—Revetment of banks, dams, watercourses, or the like, e.g. the sea-floor
- E02B3/122—Flexible prefabricated covering elements, e.g. mats, strips
- E02B3/127—Flexible prefabricated covering elements, e.g. mats, strips bags filled at the side
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A10/00—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE at coastal zones; at river basins
- Y02A10/11—Hard structures, e.g. dams, dykes or breakwaters
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Ocean & Marine Engineering (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Civil Engineering (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Botany (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Cultivation Of Plants (AREA)
- Revetment (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses an ecological restoration structural system and a restoration method for a lakeside zone. The ecological restoration structural system for a lakeside zone is provided with a planting plant zone and a physical substrate zone in sequence along a direction from a bank slope to a lakeside center, and a wave resistance device is arranged in an arranging region of the planting plant zone. According to the ecological restoration structural system and the restoration method for a lakeside zone, the ecological physical substrate is built in the lakeside zone, and the problem of harmonious coexistence of aquatic plants and the physical substrate is effectively solved.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of Lakeside Zone restoration of the ecosystem structural system and restorative procedure, belong to storehouse shore, lakeside, riverbank area
Protection field.
Background technology
Dongjiang Lake external source pollution resistance control key technology research is to propose in the 8th ASEM with demonstrative project
" polygon International Sci ＆ Tech Cooperation " and " Asia-Europe water resource research is opened up with using under the national strategy demand background of " center " platform construction
Open joint study, carry out into lake exogenous heavy metal, the resistance control of nitrogen and phosphorus pollutantses and lakeside close around Dongjiang Lake water source pump-station
Band water and soil conservation field carries out technical tie-up research and development.
For the water environment harm of lake region left over by history lead-zinc residue, research and development lead cadmia solidification stabilization technique and loading embeading percolation
Liquid treatment technology, and lead cadmia stores up the ecological reestablishment in place, the safe realizing slag charge is disposed and heavy metal pollution
The ecological structure in place, blocks the external source migration of lake region heavy metal；For the nitrogen and phosphorus pollution of lake region livestock and poultry cultivation and agricultural fertilizer,
The ecological resistance control of exploitation breeding nitrogen and phosphorus pollutantses and recycle utilization, build breeding ecosystem efficient utilization nitrogen phosphorus technology body
System, the external source blocking lake nitrogen phosphorus imports；For the soil erosion in Dongjiang Lake Lakeside Zone unstability region, develop Lakeside Zone water and soil
Keep and ecoscape recovery technique, be finally reached self-sustaining and the benign cycle of Lakeside Zone ecosystem；Carry out technology
Comprehensive integration, builds up 1 demonstration project and 2 demonstration areas, realizes effective resistance of Dong Jiang lake region exogenous heavy metal, nitrogen and phosphorus pollutantses
Control and the reduction of Lakeside Zone soil erosion, ensure the ecological safety of Dongjiang Lake potable water source district.
One of sub- problem as Dongjiang Lake external source pollution resistance control key technology research and demonstrative project, this research is intended to adjust
On the basis of looking into, analyzing Dongjiang Lake Lakeside Zone present situation Current Status of Soil Erosion, with ecological engineering technology to Lakeside Zone unstability region
Processed, provided a stable physical base to plant measures it is ensured that the safety of the stable and bank protection of Lakeside Zone；Select suitable
It is suitable for the pionner of Lakeside Zone habitat conditions, the configuration to plant carries out scientific and rational design, develops and is suitable for China
Lakeside Zone water and soil conservation and ecoscape recovery technique, and set up demonstration pilot project.
Dongjiang Lake Lakeside Zone Current Status of Soil Erosion：Because geological disaster is frequent, artificial disturbance is serious, water level disappears the reason such as falls,
The phenomenon such as occur in that avalanche, collapse, Lakeside Zone major part region is in naked state, and vegetation development is bad, severe water and soil erosion.Produce
Raw soil erosion enters Dongjiang Lake one-level water conservation district, polluted water, impact drinking water source safety.
Lakeside Zone physical base traditional both at home and abroad administers many shields using the such as rigidity such as stone-laying, concrete slab, jackstone
Slope measure, these non-ecological slope protection measures generally lay particular emphasis on flood control safety, and maximum advantage is exactly firm, durable, but due to
Bank slope steam microcirculqtory system is isolated, and Biotope Landscape is destroyed, and leads to whole shore protection to become a closed system, to dynamic plant
Thing, microbe survival environment adversely affect, and can not meet requirement in terms of biology, landscape, hydrophilic, or even on a large scale
Rigid protection may cause the tropical island effect of subrange in summer, and the improvement to Dongjiang Lake Lakeside Zone is completely inapplicable.
Chinese invention patent application CN201310512051.8 discloses a kind of Binjiang and enjoys the sights type wetland recovery mode configuration,
, in river bank high water level to divide into aquatic plant purification area, above high water mark sets waterfront Gu Tu corrosion protection area, far water beyond corrosion protection area for it
Side sets Forest restoration area waterborne；Wherein, aquatic floatingleaved plant, ordinary water are planted below described aquatic plant purification area ordinary water level
High bar emergent aquactic plant is planted, planting patternss are all using naturally scattered dense planting below the above high water level in position；Wherein, described waterfront is solid
Tu Fangshiqu is laid with revetment brick, and width is 2～3 meters；Wherein, described Forest restoration area waterborne is that humidogene shrub mixes naturally
The plan handing over composition gives birth to structure of community, accomplishes height coupling, form and aspect combination, good and bad complementary, calobiosis.
Chinese invention patent application CN200710130721.4 discloses a kind of reservoir bank ecological protection system, and it is by bank top
Forest-grass buffer zone, bank slope ecological protection band and beach buffer zone three part are constituted.Bank top forest-grass buffer zone includes the life of front end storehouse shore
State shelter belt and intercepting drain, front end storehouse shore ecological protection forest belt is built in bank top belt-like zone, and the littoral shoulder of intercepting drain extends, ditch
Groove spreads rubble erosion control.Bank slope protection is made up of MULTILAYER COMPOSITE geotextile reinforcement structure and interlayer shrub, and bank slope basis is using mixing
The compacting of native sandy gravel, toe is block stone spats, plants seedlings protection in spats side.Beach buffer zone includes beach shelter-forest from high to low
Band, vegetation erosion control gabion and phytal zone hygrophilous vegetation band, described vegetation erosion control gabion is by the long caged GSZ of built-in cobble
Constitute with live body willow stake.
The lakeside that these patents above-mentioned also cannot be adapted to Dongjiang Lake is administered it would be highly desirable to develop one kind to solve Dong Jiang lake water
Plant and the scheme of physical base harmonious coexistence.
Content of the invention
The present invention is intended to provide a kind of Lakeside Zone restoration of the ecosystem structural system and restorative procedure, this restoration of the ecosystem structural system
By building environmental physical base in Lakeside Zone, efficiently solve the problems, such as water plant and physical base harmonious coexistence.
To achieve these goals, the technical solution adopted in the present invention is：
A kind of Lakeside Zone restoration of the ecosystem structural system, it is structurally characterized in that, littoral slope aspect Harbourfront Centre direction is disposed with kind
Plant vegetational zone and physical base tail band；It is disposed with wave subduer in the setting area of planting plants band.
For this reason, the present invention is by constructing environmental physical base, scientific allocation phytobiocoenose, littoral slope aspect middle of a lake direction
Set gradually the tall incomplete anthropogenic sere pattern filling the compositions such as straw cord, emergent vegetation zone and riprap protection band, to give full play to
The several functions such as bio-diversity conservation, soil-water protection and shore protection, purification of water quality, the aesthetic of landscape.Additionally, by arranging wave resistance dress
Put so that the restoration of the ecosystem structure of the present invention have self-regeneration, self purify etc. function, have construction equipment few, construction speed
Degree is fast, low cost the features such as, also do not result in secondary pollution.The present invention implements restoration of the ecosystem measure in Lakeside Zone, is ensureing east
On the basis of the bank stability of rivers and lakes, plantation is tall to fill grass, and water conservation is it is ensured that the safety of drinking water source.
According to embodiments of the invention, the present invention can also be made with further optimization, below for the skill of formation after optimizing
Art scheme：
Preferably, described physical base tail band includes being arranged on the stone masonry barricade at toe；Preferably in stone masonry barricade and plantation
Riprap protection is set between vegetational zone.Thus, form ecological matrix bottom, it is to avoid avoiding whole shore protection becomes a closed system.
Preferably, it is arranged at intervals with multiple Reynolds mats upwards along domatic on the upside of described riprap protection；Bank slope has
A plurality of groove, described Reynolds mat is embedded in corresponding groove；It is highly preferred that between the horizontal elevation of two neighboring Reynolds mat
Away from for 0.3m-0.7m.
Further, it is provided with multiple ecology bags between two neighboring Reynolds mat；Preferably at least every two-layer ecology bag
It is equipped with one layer of reinforced grating, the structure that this reinforced grating one end is fixed on ecology bag is buckled.
Preferably, under described planting plants band includes being arranged on the tall filling straw cord of bank slope upper area and being arranged in bank slope
Portion region emergent vegetation zone.It is highly preferred that the described tall straw cord that fills includes positioned at tree and shrubs, wherein shrub is Caulis Miscanthis floriduli and Canis familiaris L.
At least one in root of the tooth, arbor is at least one in dryland willow, bald cypress, Metasequoia glyptostroboides Hu et Cheng and mulberry.
Preferably, the plant in described emergent vegetation zone is in strip cropping along elevation, the wherein upper zone of emergent vegetation zone
Domain kind is implanted with least one in sorrel, Herba Scirpi Tabernaemontani, Herba Typhae and floral leaf Herba Houttuyniae, and the central region kind of emergent vegetation zone is implanted with reed
At least one in reed, Arundo donax, Herba Polygoni hydropiperiss, at least one in the lower area grass of emergent vegetation zone and Bermuda grass；Preferably,
The density of broadcasting sowing of described grass and Bermuda grass is 5-15g/；Described Herba Polygoni hydropiperiss, sorrel, Herba Typhae planting density be 30-50 strain/
, the planting density of Herba Scirpi Tabernaemontani be 4-8 clump/, phragmites communiss, the planting density of Arundo donax be 20-40 strain/, the plantation of floral leaf Herba Houttuyniae
Density be 40-60 strain/.
Preferably, the emergent aquactic plant in described emergent vegetation zone is screened by water logging assay device；Preferably described water logging examination
Experiment device includes at least two pilot regions and the observation window for situation in observation experiment region, one of pilot region
Bottom slope is less than 25 °, and the bottom slope of a pilot region is more than 25 °, has water inlet and band is put in two pilot regions
The outlet of empty valve.
As a kind of specific version, described wave subduer includes mesh members and mesh members is fixed on side slope
On fixed structure；The mesh aperture of preferably mesh members is 3cm-10cm；Preferably described mesh members are straw rope grid, fixing
Device is fixed and ecological wooden presser feet for bamboo nail.
For gentle slope type Lakeside Zone（25 ° of gradient ＜）, do not take physical base reinforcement measure, take just for present situation bank slope
Finishing, the transformation of substrate physicochemical property, it is to avoid whole shore protection becomes a closed system, and that is, gentle slope beach type Lakeside Zone ecology is repaiied
Complex structure bank slope aspect Harbourfront Centre direction is made up of tall filling straw cord and emergent vegetation zone successively.
Based on same inventive concept, present invention also offers a kind of method that Lakeside Zone is repaired, it include as
Lower step：
S1, to needing the restoring area of Lakeside Zone repaired, measure the gradient in this region, elevation, the depth of water, stormy waves intensity, substrate
Soil physico-chemical property and water quality condition；
S2, synchronous development water logging test, screening is suitable for the advantage of Lakeside Zone growth, pionner；Mainly for Herba Polygoni hydropiperiss, acid
Film, Herba Scirpi Tabernaemontani, Herba Typhae, phragmites communiss, Arundo donax, floral leaf Herba Houttuyniae, Bermuda grass, grass；
S3, structure physical base；
The gradient is less than to 25 ° of gentle slope beach type Lakeside Zone restoring area, its side slope is in steady statue, does not take physical base
Reinforcement measure, takes finishing, the transformation of substrate physicochemical property just for present situation side slope；The gradient is more than to 25 ° of abrupt slope mountain
Lakeside Zone restoring area, takes physical base reinforcement measure, using slope trimming, jackstone presser feet, Reynolds mat and ecology bag shield
Bank composite reinforcement；Specifically：
1) riprap protection, riprap protection downstream setting stone masonry gear are set first in the range of toe upwards 0.5m-1.0m
Wall；
2) it is close to riprap protection and upwards one row's Reynolds mat bank protection is set every the elevation of 0.4m-0.6m along domatic, Reynolds protects
Pad along present situation side slope install, preferably along side slope spoil matter groove, groove is fixed Reynolds mat, each net cage of Reynolds mat it
Between connect and fixing, after net cage installs, load block building stones and simultaneously carry out smooth, there is not depression, projection phenomenon, then cover simultaneously
Fixing case lid；The preferably high 0.4-0.6m of Reynolds mat, wide 0.6-1.5m；
3) exposed region between adjacent two removal of mines Lip river protective pad adopts ecology bag bank protection, loads substrate simultaneously first toward in ecology bag
Sealing, secondly installs ecology bag along side slope, and the structure button of ecology bag is lain in a horizontal plane between two neighboring ecology bag near raw
Tai Dai edge, is placed above pedal in ecology bag after the completion of the laying of every layer of ecology bag, for guarantee ecology bag structure button and
Good connection between ecology bag；When preferably laying ecology bag, often assemble three layers of ecology bag and just lay one layer of reinforced grating, reinforcement
Grid one end is fixed on ecology bag structure and buckles；
S4, plantation tall filling straw cord and water plant；
It is in strip cropping along elevation, grass, Bermuda grass etc. are planted in side slope lower area, during phragmites communiss, Arundo donax, Herba Polygoni hydropiperiss etc. are planted in
Between region, sorrel, Herba Scirpi Tabernaemontani, Herba Typhae, floral leaf Herba Houttuyniae etc. be planted in side slope upper area, and the tall straw cord that fills is in water plant planting area
The upside in domain；Wherein
1) gentle slope beach type Lakeside Zone thing side slope takes the mode broadcasted sowing with turfing；Preferably described grass spreads with Bermuda grass
Broadcasting density is 5-15g/.
2) abrupt slope mountain type Lakeside Zone bottom side slope plantation grass, the grass preferably Lakeside Zone periphery growing fine
Take and be transplanted to water plant planting area；The density of broadcasting sowing of preferably described grass and Bermuda grass is 5-15g/；Described Herba Polygoni hydropiperiss, acid
Film, the planting density of Herba Typhae be 30-50 strain/, the planting density of Herba Scirpi Tabernaemontani be 4-8 clump/, phragmites communiss, the planting density of Arundo donax are
20-40 strain/, the planting density of floral leaf Herba Houttuyniae be 40-60 strain/；
S5, setting wave subduer；
Wave subduer is mainly made up of straw rope grid and ecological wooden, and under straw rope grid, underground is imbedded using encasing ecological wooden in corner,
Setting ecological wooden presser feet prevents stormy waves from washing away simultaneously；
S6, late maintaining management；
Implement to replant it is ensured that stablizing of structure of community for withered water plant, find pest and disease damage in time, actively take
Counter-measure preventing and treating is it is ensured that water plant healthy growth.
Compared with prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects as follows：
1st, the present invention adopts Reynolds mat, ecology bag etc. to build environmental physical base it is ensured that Lakeside Zone is stable, prevent and treat water and soil stream
Lose, improve bank slope steam microcirculqtory system, improve Lakeside Zone ecoscape；
2nd, the present invention passes through scientific allocation phytobiocoenose, and littoral slope aspect middle of a lake direction plants tall filling straw cord, emergent vegetation zone successively
With riprap protection band.The tall straw cord that fills mainly plants garden landscape trees kind, reaches greening bank slope, lifting bank slope surrounding landscape effect.
Emergent vegetation zone mainly plant resistance to flood, drought-enduring, strong adaptability, soil selected not tight adaptive plant it is intended to cover green bank slope, subtract
Few soil erosion producing because of rainfall, the exposed bank slope of artificial disturbance.Riprap protection band mainly has the groups such as stone masonry retaining wall, jackstone
Become, pile up in Lakeside Zone downstream, play the effect of stable bank slope；
3rd, the present invention construct simply, the wave subduer of environmental protection, this device adopts the combination of straw rope grid+bamboo let, using environmental protection material
Material, pollution-free to water body, and cost is low, convenient construction personnel construct.
In a word, the technology of the present invention is primarily adapted for use in the restoration of the ecosystem of abrupt slope mountain Lakeside Zone, prevention and control of soil erosion, passes through
Build ecological physical base it is achieved that the self-regeneration of Lakeside Zone ecosystem, self purifying.
Brief description
Fig. 1 is the schematic top plan view of one water logging test of the present invention；
Fig. 2 is the structure principle chart of one embodiment of the invention（Abrupt slope type）；
Fig. 3 is the structure principle chart of one embodiment of the invention（Gentle slope type）；
Fig. 4 is a kind of canonical schema of wave subduer；
Fig. 5 is the right view of Fig. 4.
In in figure
1- present situation is domatic；2- finishing is domatic；3- riprap protection；4- stone masonry toe wall；5- Reynolds mat；6- plant biological bag；7- kind
Plant plant；8- wave subduer；9- straw rope grid；10- bamboo nail is fixed；11- ecological wooden presser feet；12,13- pilot regions；14- puts down
Platform；15,16- water inlet pipes；17,18- observation windows；19- atmospheric valve.
Specific embodiment
To describe the present invention in detail below with reference to accompanying drawing and in conjunction with the embodiments.It should be noted that in the feelings do not conflicted
Under condition, the embodiment in the present invention and the feature in embodiment can be mutually combined.For sake of convenience, hereinafter as occurred
" on ", D score, "left", "right" printed words, only represent consistent with the upper and lower, left and right direction of accompanying drawing itself, limit is not played to structure
It is set for using.
A kind of Lakeside Zone ecological restoring method, comprises the steps：
A, basic data measure, collect；
Select Lakeside Zone restoration of the ecosystem region, measure the gradient in this region, elevation, the depth of water, stormy waves intensity, the soil physical chemistry of substrate
Property and water quality condition etc..
B, development water logging test；
Synchronous development water logging test, screening is suitable for the advantage of Lakeside Zone growth, pionner.Mainly for Herba Polygoni hydropiperiss, sorrel, water
Herba Alii fistulosi, Herba Typhae, phragmites communiss, Arundo donax, floral leaf Herba Houttuyniae, Bermuda grass, grass.Primary study native soil draft grass, water logging test reaches 6
Month, this grass seeds is perennial herb, resistance to flood, drought-enduring, impoverishment tolerant, strong adaptability, soil is selected strict, can using broadcasting sowing,
Transplanting and cutting root stock carry out vegetative mode and are cultivated（Refer to Fig. 1）.
C, physical base build；
Gentle slope beach type Lakeside Zone thing (gradient is less than 25 °) side slope is in steady statue, does not take physical base reinforcement measure, a pin
Present situation side slope is taken with finishing, the transformation of substrate physicochemical property etc..For preventing polluted water, adopt farm manure, such as chicken manure etc. more.
Abrupt slope mountain Lakeside Zone (gradient is more than 25 °) side slope is steeper, need to take physical base reinforcement measure, adopt side more
Slope finishing+jackstone presser feet+Reynolds mat+ecology bag shore protection combination.
1) jackstone presser feet is set first in the range of toe upwards 0.5m-1.0m, to ensure stablizing of side slope, under jackstone
Trip side arranges row's toe wall and blocks.
2) it is close to jackstone along domatic upwards every 0.5m（Elevation）Setting Reynolds mat bank protection, the high 0.5m of Reynolds mat,
Wide 1.0m.Reynolds mat is installed along present situation side slope（For ensureing stablizing of protective pad, along side slope spoil matter groove, groove is piled up
Reynolds mat）, connected using 8# galvanized wire between each net cage and fix, after net cage installs, load block building stones and carry out smooth, no
There is depression, raised phenomenon, then cover case lid, case lid is tightened using galvanized wire.
3) 0.5m between the protective pad of thunder Lip river（Elevation）Exposed region adopts ecology bag bank protection.Load substrate first toward in ecology bag,
Using sealing band（High intensity, uvioresistant）Or scene small-type sealing machine envelope system.Secondly along side slope, ecology bag is installed, will give birth to
State bag structure buckles the place between two sacks of horizontal positioned near sack edge, so that each ecology bag structure button span two
Individual sack, rocks sturdy sack so that each standard buckles the midfield of puncture sack just below.After the completion of the laying of every layer of sack
Plank by people above walked is placed above trample, for guaranteeing good connection between ecology bag structure button and ecology bag.
During laying ecology bag, note the suture side of sack inwardly to put, often assemble three layers of ecology bag and just lay one layer of reinforcement
Grid, reinforced grating one end is fixed on ecology bag structure button.Repeat above-mentioned construction procedure, until ecology bag laying completes.
D, planting aquatic plants；
Requiring along elevation is in strip cropping, and resistance to time longer grass, Bermuda grass etc. of flooding is planted in side slope lower area, phragmites communiss,
Arundo donax, Herba Polygoni hydropiperiss etc. are planted in zone line, and sorrel, Herba Scirpi Tabernaemontani, Herba Typhae, floral leaf Herba Houttuyniae etc. are planted in side slope upper area.
1) gentle slope beach type Lakeside Zone thing side slope takes the mode broadcasted sowing with turfing, establishing in large scale.Bermuda grass,
Carelessly seed broadcasts sowing density is 10g/m2, and Bermuda grass turf takes the mode of Mi Pu, from the excellent turf of one-level.
2) abrupt slope mountain type Lakeside Zone bottom side slope plantation grass, by the way of transplanting, cuttage.By Lakeside Zone week
While the grass growing fine is taken is transplanted to water plant planting area, using digging cave plantation, Transplanting den- sity is 10 pockets/m2.Grass
By the way of cutting root stock cuttage, the rhizome length of cutting is advisable asexual propagation with 50cm, opens along equal pitch contour in side slope
Groove, is imbedded, and is compacted.By the way of skewer or grass seed of sowing grass seeds by duster, by the rhizome of cutting, (length with 50cm is ecology bag
Preferably) insertion is planted in ecological, and insertion depth is 20cm.Large-area plant ecological by the way of spraying and seeding afforesting, by humic organic matter,
It is sprayed onto the ecological surface of plant, thickness 2-5cm after the mixing such as mixed fertilizer, rice husk, binding agent, grass seed.
3) according to plant characteristic, Herba Polygoni hydropiperiss, sorrel, Herba Scirpi Tabernaemontani, Herba Typhae, phragmites communiss, Arundo donax, floral leaf Herba Houttuyniae are planted bare-root seeding, water
Knotweed, sorrel, Herba Typhae planting density are 40 plants/m2, and Herba Scirpi Tabernaemontani is 6 clumps/m2（20 buds/clump）, phragmites communiss, 30 plants/m2 of Arundo donax, floral leaf fish raw meat
Careless 50 plants/m2.
E, setting wave subduer；
Wave subduer is mainly by straw rope grid+ecological wooden（Bamboo）Deng composition.The straw rope of diameter 0.8cm is manually worked out bar by scene
Shape straw rope grid, width is 1.0m-1.2m, and grid aperture specification is 3cm-10cm, after grid weaves, is laid on by equal pitch contour
The draft of the grass seed, the turf covering or transplanting broadcasted sowing is planted above, artificial compression（Refer to straw rope grid 9）, and with bamboo let by grass
Netting lattice are fixed, and bamboo let exposes 1.0cm（Refer to bamboo nail and fix 10）.As shown in figure 4, corner is using encasing ecology under straw rope grid
Wood embedment underground 0.15m, fixes straw rope grid further, arranges ecological wooden presser feet 11, can prevent stormy waves from washing away.Straw rope grid
Mesh size specific requirement is：
1) earthing broadcasts sowing the wave resistance straw rope open work mesh a size of 3.0cm of grass seed.
2) the wave resistance straw rope open work mesh a size of 5.0cm of turfing bank protection.
3) transplant the wave resistance straw rope open work mesh a size of 10.0cm of draft bank protection.
G, late maintaining management；
Implement to replant it is ensured that the stablizing of structure of community for withered water plant.Routine observation, finds disease pest in time
Evil, actively takes counter-measure preventing and treating it is ensured that water plant healthy growth.Summer, plant nourish and grow and reproductive growth
For vigorous, growth is very high to the demand of nutrient, it is possible to increase the absorption to Water, phosphorus, and after harvesting, the speed of growth recovery is very
Hurry up, do not affect the Biomass of water plant.
The content that above-described embodiment illustrates should be understood to that these embodiments are only used for being illustrated more clearly that the present invention, and not
For limiting the scope of the present invention, after having read the present invention, the various equivalent form of values to the present invention for the those skilled in the art
Modification each fall within the application claims limited range.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of Lakeside Zone restoration of the ecosystem structural system is it is characterised in that littoral slope aspect Harbourfront Centre direction is disposed with kind
Plant vegetational zone and physical base tail band；It is disposed with wave subduer in the setting area of planting plants band.
2. Lakeside Zone restoration of the ecosystem structural system according to claim 1 is it is characterised in that described physical base tail band includes
It is arranged on the stone masonry barricade at toe；Riprap protection is set preferably between stone masonry barricade and planting plants band.
3. Lakeside Zone restoration of the ecosystem structural system according to claim 2 is it is characterised in that edge on the upside of described riprap protection
Domatic it is arranged at intervals with multiple Reynolds mats upwards；A plurality of groove is had on bank slope, described Reynolds mat is embedded corresponding
In groove；It is highly preferred that the horizontal elevation spacing of two neighboring Reynolds mat is 0.3m-0.7m.
4. Lakeside Zone restoration of the ecosystem structural system according to claim 3 it is characterised in that two neighboring Reynolds mat it
Between be provided with multiple ecology bags；Preferably at least every two-layer ecology bag, it is equipped with one layer of reinforced grating, this reinforced grating one end is solid
The structure being scheduled on ecology bag is buckled.
5. Lakeside Zone restoration of the ecosystem structural system according to claim 1 is it is characterised in that described planting plants band includes
It is arranged on the tall of bank slope upper area to fill straw cord and be arranged on bank slope middle and lower part region emergent vegetation zone.
6. Lakeside Zone restoration of the ecosystem structural system according to claim 5 is it is characterised in that the described tall straw cord that fills includes position
In tree and shrubs, wherein shrub is at least one in Caulis Miscanthis floriduli and Bermuda grass, and arbor is dryland willow, bald cypress, Metasequoia glyptostroboides Hu et Cheng and Mulberry
At least one in tree.
7. Lakeside Zone restoration of the ecosystem structural system according to claim 5 is it is characterised in that in described emergent vegetation zone
Plant is in strip cropping along elevation, and the upper area kind of wherein emergent vegetation zone is implanted with sorrel, Herba Scirpi Tabernaemontani, Herba Typhae and floral leaf Herba Houttuyniae
In at least one, the central region kind of emergent vegetation zone is implanted with phragmites communiss, Arundo donax, at least one in Herba Polygoni hydropiperiss, emergent vegetation zone
Lower area grass and Bermuda grass at least one；Preferably, the density of broadcasting sowing of described grass and Bermuda grass is 5-15g/
㎡；Described Herba Polygoni hydropiperiss, sorrel, the planting density of Herba Typhae be 30-50 strain/, the planting density of Herba Scirpi Tabernaemontani be 4-8 clump/, phragmites communiss, reed
The planting density of bamboo be 20-40 strain/, the planting density of floral leaf Herba Houttuyniae be 40-60 strain/.
8. Lakeside Zone restoration of the ecosystem structural system according to claim 5 is it is characterised in that in described emergent vegetation zone
Emergent aquactic plant is screened by water logging assay device；Preferably described water logging assay device includes at least two pilot regions and is used for seeing
Survey the observation window of situation in pilot region, the bottom slope of one of pilot region is less than 25 °, the bottom of a pilot region
The gradient is more than 25 °, has water inlet and the outlet with atmospheric valve in two pilot regions.
9. the Lakeside Zone restoration of the ecosystem structural system according to one of claim 1-8 is it is characterised in that described wave subduer
It is fixed on the fixed structure in side slope including mesh members with by mesh members；The mesh aperture of preferably mesh members is 3cm-
10cm；Preferably described mesh members are straw rope grid, and fixing device is fixed and ecological wooden presser feet for bamboo nail.
10. a kind of method that Lakeside Zone is repaired is it is characterised in that comprise the steps：
S1, to needing the restoring area of Lakeside Zone repaired, measure the gradient in this region, elevation, the depth of water, stormy waves intensity, substrate
Soil physico-chemical property and water quality condition；
S2, synchronous development water logging test, screening is suitable for the advantage of Lakeside Zone growth, pionner；Mainly for Herba Polygoni hydropiperiss, acid
Film, Herba Scirpi Tabernaemontani, Herba Typhae, phragmites communiss, Arundo donax, floral leaf Herba Houttuyniae, Bermuda grass, grass；
S3, structure physical base；
The gradient is less than to 25 ° of gentle slope beach type Lakeside Zone restoring area, its side slope is in steady statue, does not take physical base
Reinforcement measure, takes finishing, the transformation of substrate physicochemical property just for present situation side slope；The gradient is more than to 25 ° of abrupt slope mountain
Lakeside Zone restoring area, takes physical base reinforcement measure, using slope trimming, jackstone presser feet, Reynolds mat and ecology bag shield
Bank composite reinforcement；Specifically：
1) riprap protection, riprap protection downstream setting stone masonry gear are set first in the range of toe upwards 0.5m-1.0m
Wall；
2) it is close to riprap protection and upwards one row's Reynolds mat bank protection is set every the elevation of 0.4m-0.6m along domatic, Reynolds protects
Pad along present situation side slope install, preferably along side slope spoil matter groove, groove is fixed Reynolds mat, each net cage of Reynolds mat it
Between connect and fixing, after net cage installs, load block building stones and simultaneously carry out smooth, there is not depression, projection phenomenon, then cover simultaneously
Fixing case lid；The preferably high 0.4-0.6m of Reynolds mat, wide 0.6-1.5m；
3) exposed region between adjacent two removal of mines Lip river protective pad adopts ecology bag bank protection, loads substrate simultaneously first toward in ecology bag
Sealing, secondly installs ecology bag along side slope, and the structure button of ecology bag is lain in a horizontal plane between two neighboring ecology bag near raw
Tai Dai edge, is placed above pedal in ecology bag after the completion of the laying of every layer of ecology bag, for guarantee ecology bag structure button and
Good connection between ecology bag；When preferably laying ecology bag, often assemble three layers of ecology bag and just lay one layer of reinforced grating, reinforcement
Grid one end is fixed on ecology bag structure and buckles；
S4, plantation tall filling straw cord and water plant；
It is in strip cropping along elevation, grass, Bermuda grass etc. are planted in side slope lower area, during phragmites communiss, Arundo donax, Herba Polygoni hydropiperiss etc. are planted in
Between region, sorrel, Herba Scirpi Tabernaemontani, Herba Typhae, floral leaf Herba Houttuyniae etc. be planted in side slope upper area, and the tall straw cord that fills is in water plant planting area
The upside in domain；Wherein
1) gentle slope beach type Lakeside Zone thing side slope takes the mode broadcasted sowing with turfing；Preferably described grass spreads with Bermuda grass
Broadcasting density is 5-15g/；
2) abrupt slope mountain type Lakeside Zone bottom side slope plantation grass, the grass preferably Lakeside Zone periphery growing fine is taken
It is transplanted to water plant planting area；The density of broadcasting sowing of preferably described grass and Bermuda grass is 5-15g/；Described Herba Polygoni hydropiperiss, sorrel,
The planting density of Herba Typhae be 30-50 strain/, the planting density of Herba Scirpi Tabernaemontani be 4-8 clump/, phragmites communiss, the planting density of Arundo donax are 20-
40 plants/, the planting density of floral leaf Herba Houttuyniae be 40-60 strain/；
S5, setting wave subduer；
Wave subduer is mainly made up of straw rope grid and ecological wooden, and under straw rope grid, underground is imbedded using encasing ecological wooden in corner,
Setting ecological wooden presser feet prevents stormy waves from washing away simultaneously；
S6, late maintaining management；
Implement to replant it is ensured that stablizing of structure of community for withered water plant, find pest and disease damage in time, actively take
Counter-measure preventing and treating is it is ensured that water plant healthy growth.
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| CN111771631A (en) * | 2020-07-14 | 2020-10-16 | 中国水利水电科学研究院 | Hydro-fluctuation belt water and soil conservation system and method |
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