CN1836495B - Method for harnessing lake stormy areas eutrophication using floating plant bed - Google Patents
Method for harnessing lake stormy areas eutrophication using floating plant bed Download PDFInfo
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- CN1836495B CN1836495B CN200610039906XA CN200610039906A CN1836495B CN 1836495 B CN1836495 B CN 1836495B CN 200610039906X A CN200610039906X A CN 200610039906XA CN 200610039906 A CN200610039906 A CN 200610039906A CN 1836495 B CN1836495 B CN 1836495B
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- fluitante
- yerbadetajo seed
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Abstract
The method of utilizing floated plant bed to treat wind wave eutrophic lake area features that Alternathera philoxeroides is planted onto floating carrier to form floated plant bed fixed to the water surface. The floated plant bed consists of several strips with Alternathera philoxeroides, preferably planted before or just after germination. The floating carrier may be netted bags with floated plant and is fixed with piles, ropes or stone cages to water bottom. The floating carrier may also be bamboo raft with Alternathera philoxeroides and fixed with piles and ropes to water bottom.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to fetch, lake eutrophication control, particularly a kind of method of administering fetch, lake eutrophication with the fluitante floating bed.
Background technology
Body eutrophication problems such as lake are that the present world faces very serious environmental problem, and are especially serious in China, particularly have a water quality type lack of water difficult problem in economically developed zone.Utilize fluitante as pionner, make up good aquatic ecosystem, be widely used in the purification and the improvement of eutrophication water, for example United States Patent (USP) 5820759,5811007, Chinese patent CN1425616, CN1426966, CN1552641, CN1580415, CN1683258, used fluitante mostly is Eichhornia crassipes, all is the water body at no stormy waves, for example: river, river shoal, pond, lakeshore, lakelet.Suitable high sea district (mean wave height is greater than 10cm) is being arranged, because moving up and down of wave, cause the root, stem and leaf phase mutual friction between the fluitante individuality and damage, nature, amount of damage is much larger than amount of growth, therefore almost can not normally survive, before the present patent application, also not have the successfully precedent of plantation in the high sea district; Under wind wave action, floating vegetation can waft from the position of setting in addition.
Summary of the invention
The objective of the invention is at above problem,, update through repeatedly comparative test of several years, a kind of method that provides with fluitante floating bed improvement fetch, lake eutrophication, and successfully plant in the fetch, lake first.Technical scheme is as follows: a kind of method of administering fetch, lake eutrophication with the fluitante floating bed, it is characterized in that selecting the happiness yerbadetajo seed dish of Amaranthaceae, alternanthera genus as fluitante, it is planted in common formation one fluitante floating bed on the floating carrier, and the fluitante floating bed is positioned on the water surface with fixture.
Strip is arranged in said fluitante floating bed series connection, and a plurality of strips are disposed on the water surface; Being preferably in happiness yerbadetajo seed dish does not germinate or germination period plantation just;
Said floating carrier can be a mesh bag, parcel fluitante happiness yerbadetajo seed dish in the mesh bag, and mesh bag hole 2～3cm is fixed in the bottom with stake, rope or gabion.
Said floating carrier also can be a bamboo raft, and the stem of just several happiness yerbadetajo seed dishes is placed in the hole between two mao bamboons of bamboo raft after tying up abreast with rope, and fixedlys connected with the mao bamboon of both sides with rope, with, restrict and be fixed in the bottom.
Advantage of the present invention and effect: happiness yerbadetajo seed dish (Alternanthera philoxcroides), Amaranthaceae, it is a kind of that alternanthera belongs to, the popular name water peanut, be Herba Ammanniae Bacciferae, alligator alternanthera root or herb, revolution grass again, perennial perennial root draft is given birth in the natural pond, originally be amphibious emergent aquactic plant, can tame fluitante in the fine growth of open lake surface, the interlaced travelling expenses of its rhizome energy multilayer, form the thick buoyancy aid that reaches tens of centimetres, thus form good resistance stormy waves and cold resistance (but not with this patent in carrier (mesh bag or bamboo raft) unite, can not long-term surviving in the fetch).Experiment shows that its wind wave resistance, cold resistance etc. are much better than Eichhornia crassipes, in a year of TAI HU AREA, 9 to 10 months time performance purifying water quality can be arranged.Pass through present technique, make up floating vegetation group, bring into play its " forward's effect ": enhance the transparency fast, cut down stormy waves intensity especially suppress to regenerate wave generation, quicken bed mud alluvial, containment algal grown, for the recovery of floatingleaved plant, especially be the condition of reconstruction creation necessity of submerged plant; Utilize floating vegetation growth to absorb nutritive salt, provide carrier and nutrient for growth and breeding with its symbiotic microorganism, reduce the water nutrition salt content, impel the rapid and natural of aquatic vegetation to recover, final and the common aquatic ecosystem that makes up health such as floatingleaved plant, submerged plant, improve the detergent power of water body, can also resist certain environmental disaster simultaneously, realize continuing to improve the target of lake water quality, especially continue to improve aspect the water head site water quality in China, have higher application prospect.Suitable high sea district (mean wave height is greater than 10cm) is being arranged, characteristics according to wave, make up floating bed, form integral body, realize fixedly fluitante, particularly reduce the relative motion between the fluitante individuality, reduce mutual frictional dissipation widely, make amount of damage much smaller than amount of growth, thereby obtain normal survival, good growth.
In addition,, expose on the water surface for transforming the bamboo raft (wide 10m, the long 5m of monomer always prolong thousands of rice) of basic ecotope in the construction of fetch, lake, not attractive in appearance; In addition, under action of ultraviolet radiation, the life-span is also lower.By this technology, utilize happiness yerbadetajo seed dish to cover exposed bamboo raft, not only attractive in appearance; Can prolong simultaneously the life-span more than one times that makes bamboo raft; Further improve the unrestrained effect that disappears of bamboo raft, improve water transparency; In addition, plant the high-speed rapid growth of happiness yerbadetajo seed dish on the bamboo raft, not only absorb water nutrition salt in a large number, and its root pheromone is restrained blue algae growth, is impelled the flocculation of water body suspension, improve water transparency, for other periphyton provides carrier, further purify water simultaneously, impel the rapid and natural of aquatic vegetation to recover, for good condition has been created in the aquatic ecosystem reparation and the reconstruction of health.Administer in China lake eutrophication, especially continuing to improve aspect the water head site water quality of lake, have higher application prospect.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the fluitante floating bed embodiment schematic diagram of mesh bag structure;
Fig. 2 is the fluitante floating bed embodiment schematic diagram of bamboo raft structure.
Embodiment
Referring to Fig. 1, the fluitante floating bed monomer of mesh bag structure is considered easy to process and reduced cost, and is proper less than the net sheet that 400cm is wide.Net is too wide, and following process inconvenience is netted too narrowly, and following process certain scale cost increases.Test shows: mesh is too big, and the rhizome of plant under the effect of stormy waves, is fled from easily; Mesh is too little, is unfavorable for that stem leaves of plants passes mesh, influences its growth, uses the anti-aging knotted netting of 2-3cm mesh polyethylene relatively more suitable (for example No. 7 fishing nets, 3*4 thigh); The happiness yerbadetajo seed dish of selecting Amaranthaceae, alternanthera genus is planted method for planting and with mesh bag it is wrapped up as fluitante, and mesh bag hole 2～3cm is fixed in the bottom with stake, rope or gabion.Implantation time should be selected in happiness yerbadetajo seed dish and not germinate or just germinate, and this moment is easy to process, and the loss that processing is caused is less, survival rate higher (for example, in TAI HU AREA, should be selected in annual February in the early spring to March).
For the wind wave resistance intensity of strengthening above-mentioned fishing net and be convenient to fix, reduce cost simultaneously, through comparative experiments, select following materials and methods for use: the center line of this fishing net is fixing with thin longline (the anti-aging cotton rope of the polyethylene of Ф 3mm) with thick longline (the anti-aging cotton rope of the polyethylene of Ф 5mm), both sides, and on the thickness longline, use formal wire (15 strands of anti-aging cotton ropes of polyethylene) fixing respectively every 25cm, be made into " reprocessing fishing net ".
In order to improve the ability of wind wave resistance, be advantageously selected to (the surface density 5-10kg/m of colony of the happiness yerbadetajo seed dish of sheet
2), in water, it is cut into the band about wide 150cm; With above-mentioned " reprocessing fishing net " it is wrapped up up and down; The thick longline of fishing net center line is stayed a side of colony's band of dish " happiness yerbadetajo seed ", the thin longline in fishing net both sides be placed on " colony's band of happiness yerbadetajo seed dish " opposite side about; Sewing up thin longline (and former fishing net both sides) promptly finishes liking the parcel of yerbadetajo seed dish band.Perhaps will like the yerbadetajo seed dish and fish for, be transported to the lakeside in engineering district; Above-mentioned " reprocessing fishing net " spread out thick 15cm happiness yerbadetajo seed dish (the surface density 8-15kg/m that is about of half side therein fishing net tiling
2), form band, thereafter other half side fishing net is turned over turnback, cover this happiness yerbadetajo seed dish band, sew up thin longline again, can finish parcel to happiness yerbadetajo seed dish band.For the relative motion that reduces under wind wave action causes the damage of liking the yerbadetajo seed dish, with the above-mentioned happiness yerbadetajo seed dish that has wrapped up, in direction perpendicular to master, thin longline, every 100cm, reinforce 1 rope for drawing water from a well (the anti-aging rope of Ф 1.5mm polyethylene), the company of wearing likes yerbadetajo seed dish fishing net up and down, makes a call to a fast knot every about 30cm.Can finish about wide 140cm, about thick 15cm, surface density 5-10kg/m
2" monomer of fluitante floating bed ".The monomer parallel stitching of the anti-aging rope of polyethylene (Ф 3mm's) with above-mentioned 3～4 monomer fluitante floating beds, every about 30cm, make a call to a fast knot, can finish and make up wide 400～600cm, fluitante floating bed about thick 15cm, again with behind their elongatedness direction connect in series, it is plant floating bed to constitute strip, and a plurality of strips are disposed on the water surface.More shallow (less than 200cm) locates in the depth of water, and (Ф 8～15cm) or piling bar are fixed (Ф 4cm) with 2 row mao bamboon stakes in the both sides of fluitante floating bed; Among every row, the spacing 200～250cm of stake, stake is about 500cm with the spacing of floating bed, connects with the anti-aging rope of polyethylene (Ф 5mm) to get final product.Because the fetch, lake attacks through round storm wave often, above-mentioned stake is fixing, in case there is stake to be pulled up, then the wind wave resistance intensity of engineering descends thereupon, utilizes gabion to fix and can overcome this defective.Through comparative experiments, select following materials and methods for use: make line density 15kg/m gabion with No. 7 fishing nets, every 1m, lash lead (the anti-aging rope of Ф 6mm polyethylene, its length be the depth of water in engineering district add again 2m and), arrange two gabions in the both sides in needs plantations fluitante floating bed zone respectively, two gabions are connected and fixed with the both sides of fluitante floating bed respectively by lead.Intake in fetch, Taihu Lake-Mei Liang gulf voe, utilize this technology, the floating vegetation group (floating bed) of plantation, high wind wave (" dandelion " typhoon passed by in 2004), algal tufa disaster (7～September in 2004) test are experienced in success, good growth, substantially do not need to safeguard, be preferably in and cradle 1～2 time at the overstocked place of growth for 6～August.Experiment shows that under the following condition of cover degree 15%～25%, in 7～15 days, can make bad V class water correction is III water quality.
Referring to Fig. 2, the fluitante floating bed monomer of bamboo raft (concentric reducer is crisscross arranged) structure, stem with several happiness yerbadetajo seed dishes, tying up the back with rope (pricks every about 25cm together, make thickness and be Ф 6～8cm, long 500cm (or equal the single mao bamboon of bamboo raft monomer length) elongated cylinder monomer) be placed in the hole between two mao bamboons of bamboo raft abreast, and fixedly connected with the mao bamboon of both sides with rope, fix with stake, rope.Intake in fetch, Taihu Lake-Mei Liang gulf voe is for transforming bamboo raft (the wide 10m of basic ecotope in the construction of fetch, lake; The long 5m of monomer is fixed in the bottom with 2t armored concrete square column; Behind some bamboo raft monomer elongatedness direction connect in series, it is plant floating bed to constitute strip, and a plurality of strips are disposed on the water surface.Utilize this technology, plantation happiness yerbadetajo seed dish, good growth, performance good action.Implantation time is selected in February in the early spring to March, and like the yerbadetajo seed dish and do not germinate or just germinate this moment, and the loss that processing is caused is less.More backward, effect is poor more, after September, should not plant.
Compliance test result: after on April 5th, 2004, pasture and water A district in strengthened purification district arranged happiness yerbadetajo seed dish floating bed outside water factory's intake in the Mei Liangwan voe of Taihu Lake, just have the bud of a large amount of happiness yerbadetajo seed dishes to pass mesh in one week, 5～June 26 in April day growth amount average out to 4.51kg/m
2The attack of No. 13 typhoons of early July experience and cyclone, the engineerings such as enclosure in engineering district are seriously damaged, and a large amount of algal tufas enter the engineering district, and when submerged plant, floatingleaved plant etc. was suffered extinction, happiness yerbadetajo seed dish but looked fine.After measured 27～July 19 in June day growth amount average out to 4.40kg/m
2, average growth rate is 3.5 times of early stage; Especially late July～early August, rot because algal tufa is dead, this moment, pasture and water A district did not have submerged plant (except that the part, bank has the submerged plant among a small circle) substantially, and a large amount of floatingleaved plant water chestnuts are also being rotted, and sent a burst of stench, the nutritive salt that shows water body is very high, and happiness yerbadetajo seed dish is looked better, and leaf is emerald green, and strain height degree surpasses 1m, and gratifying side direction occurs and grow crosswise, its length surpasses 2.5m.
According to TN, TP measure in the yerbadetajo seed dish body to liking at Taihu Lake Wu Lihu, Red Maple Lake, Guizhou, Muochou Lake, the average content of its fresh material TN, TP is respectively: 2.31g/kg, 0.262g/kg, estimation thus: (supposition depth of water 2.5m, 5～June 26 April) unit are happiness yerbadetajo seed dish can make the unit are water column reduce TN 4.158mg/l in earlier stage, reduction TP 0.472mg/l reduces TN 0.1268g/d/m2, TP 0.0144g/d/m average every day
2Later stage (27～July 19 June) every square metre happiness yerbadetajo seed dish can make every square metre water column reduction can reduce TN, TP and be respectively 0.176mg/l, 0.020mg/l average every day.
On the 45000m2 in strengthened purification district bamboo raft, plant happiness yerbadetajo seed colza 15 days-April 4 March in 2005 and planted 1～2kg/m2, October 29, to 20 inside and outside bamboo raft biomass sampling weighings, the average biomass of bamboo raft is that overall average is 5.6kg/m2, maximum is 10.1kg/m2, total biomass is 252t, and promptly every day, amount of growth was about 1t, and happiness yerbadetajo seed dish absorbs on average being respectively of TN, TP: 2.31kg/d, 0.262kg/d from water body.Because TN, TP that the absorption of happiness yerbadetajo seed dish is directly taken away from water body are respectively 490Kg, 55.5Kg.
Stormy waves produces significant impact to the growth of fluitante, if do not adopt an effective measure, in the fetch, lake, is difficult to growth.For example; afternoon on August 12nd, 2005; put 400kg happiness yerbadetajo seed dish (promptly not utilizing above-mentioned floating bed or bamboo raft) at Taihu Lake Mei Liangwan in a suitable place to breed apart from the enclosure (specifically being arranged in Taihu Lake lake ecosystem research station of Chinese Academy of Sciences protection zone) of the 5m * 6m of bank 120m lake region; cover degree 100%; extremely of that month accumulating losses amount on the 29th reaches 5%; September 1, the accumulating losses amount reached 15%; September 14; the accumulating losses amount surpassed for 60% (promptly about one month time); the root leaf of most of happiness yerbadetajo seed dish is polished, its stem is fractureed, influence recovery and growth afterwards greatly.October 6, surplus is less than 10%, and promptly the accumulating losses amount surpasses 90%.Therefore,,, be no lack of provenance, yet rarely found there is an existence, more loses distribution in blocks Mei Liang gulf bank although happiness yerbadetajo seed dish has very strong vitality.Illustrate that once more fetch, lake recovery fluitante is difficult for the necessity of the effective measures of also having given counterevidence.
Claims (1)
1. method of administering fetch, lake eutrophication with the fluitante floating bed, it is characterized in that selecting Amaranthaceae, the happiness yerbadetajo seed dish that alternanthera belongs to is as fluitante, it is planted in common formation one fluitante floating bed on the floating carrier, the fluitante floating bed is positioned on the water surface with fixture, wherein, described happiness yerbadetajo seed dish is not germinate or the just happiness yerbadetajo seed dish of germination period, strip is arranged in described fluitante floating bed series connection, a plurality of strips are disposed on the water surface, described floating carrier is a mesh bag, parcel fluitante happiness yerbadetajo seed dish in the mesh bag, mesh bag hole 2～3cm, use stake, rope or gabion are fixed in the bottom, perhaps described floating carrier is a bamboo raft, with the stem of several happiness yerbadetajo seed dishes, is placed in the hole between two mao bamboons of bamboo raft after tying up abreast with rope, and with the rope fixedly connected with the mao bamboon of both sides, with and rope be fixed in the bottom.
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN102398960B (en) * | 2011-09-29 | 2013-06-12 | 浙江农林大学 | Device and method for in-situ recovery of phosphorus in water body |
| CN104071899B (en) * | 2014-06-24 | 2016-01-20 | 江苏明睿科技实业有限公司 | A kind of method limiting floatingleaved plant growth |
| CN104179149B (en) * | 2014-08-19 | 2016-08-17 | 中国科学院南京地理与湖泊研究所 | A kind of method for wave that disappears improving large-scale shallow water lake basic environment |
| CN104129859B (en) * | 2014-08-19 | 2016-08-31 | 中国科学院南京地理与湖泊研究所 | A kind of method utilizing aquatic floating plant floating bed to purify water |
| CN104365462A (en) * | 2014-11-17 | 2015-02-25 | 傅珍检 | Superaqueous landscape vegetable planting method |
| CN104982313B (en) * | 2015-06-24 | 2017-06-20 | 玉溪市农业科学院 | Moderate eutrophy lake surface water spinach wind and wave resistance implantation methods |
| CN105923892B (en) * | 2016-04-29 | 2019-01-29 | 南昌工程学院 | A kind of municipal lake comprehensive anti-pollution method |
| CN109792947B (en) * | 2019-03-12 | 2024-01-02 | 中国科学院南京地理与湖泊研究所 | Rolling blanket type submerged plant field planting device suitable for water carrying operation and installation method thereof |
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| CN1541954A (en) * | 2003-04-30 | 2004-11-03 | （株）雅森 | Artificial plant island |
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