CN103907558A - Ocean tidal flat original ecology raising method - Google Patents
Ocean tidal flat original ecology raising method Download PDFInfo
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- CN103907558A CN103907558A CN201410111081.2A CN201410111081A CN103907558A CN 103907558 A CN103907558 A CN 103907558A CN 201410111081 A CN201410111081 A CN 201410111081A CN 103907558 A CN103907558 A CN 103907558A
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种海洋滩涂原生态牧养方法，在沿海滩涂进行圈、场、放、牧生产作业；圈：指牧区围栏，采用具有抗台防逃双重功能的双层整体封闭式围栏对牧区进行全气候保护；场：指牧区生态环境，包括构建育苗场地、摄食场地、栖息场地及越冬场地；放：指牧区内采用人工投放大型经济生物品种和人工培育繁殖滩涂水生物，构建牧区自然生态系统；牧：指在牧区自然生态系统内，滩涂生物进行自然育苗、自然摄食、自然排污和自然生长；并根据自然环境气候的变化和生物群体间的相互关系实施动态平衡管理。本发明具有低投入高产出、简单实用的特点，环境保护和资源利用相对平衡，修复续年下降的海洋水生资源，实现人与自然和谐发展。
The invention discloses an original ecological grazing method in marine tidal flats, which is used to carry out circle, field, grazing and grazing production operations on coastal tidal flats; circle: refers to the fence in pastoral areas, and adopts double-layer integral closed fences with dual functions of anti-typhoon and anti-escape. All-weather protection in pastoral areas; field: refers to the ecological environment of pastoral areas, including the construction of seedling breeding sites, feeding sites, habitat sites and wintering sites; release: refers to the use of artificial release of large economic biological species and artificial breeding of tidal flat aquatic organisms in pastoral areas to build natural habitats in pastoral areas. Ecosystem; grazing: refers to the natural breeding, natural feeding, natural sewage discharge and natural growth of tidal flat organisms in the natural ecosystem of pastoral areas; and the implementation of dynamic balance management according to the changes of natural environment and climate and the relationship between biological groups. The invention has the characteristics of low input and high output, simple and practical, relatively balanced environmental protection and resource utilization, repairs marine aquatic resources that have been declining for years, and realizes harmonious development between man and nature.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to mudflat aquaculture method, particularly the method natural process rule, according to biological growth characteristic, its required growth conditions is provided, give full play to the instinct of its self-sow, and in conjunction with the dynamic management way in Environmental variations and biological growth process, carry out beach ecology and herd production operation.
Background technology
At present, sea farming mode mainly contains encloses and cultivates seawall cultivation, the low height of dam net cultivation of beach, marine mesh cage cultivation and industrial aquaculture, and these traditional breeding way all exist many common issue: 1, input cost is large, and output efficiency is low; 2, breeding bait is taking small fish, shrimp, little crab and aquatic resources seed as main, and resource consumption waste is large, causes marine resources vicious circle, loses more than gain; 3, due to intensive cultivation, self-pollution cannot solve, and the incidence of disease is high and propagate fast and wide; 4, the envirment factor in cultivation place is incomplete, and artificial bait throwing in not comprehensive nutrition, yields poorly, poor quality.Concrete manifestation wasting of resources energy consumption is large, the cultivation incidence of disease is high to be propagated soon, poor quality yields poorly, environmental disruption is seriously polluted, in addition people infinitely fish for marine nature resources on a large scale by high-tech means, cause ocean aquatic resources sharply to decline, seriously restrict the sustainable development of marine economy.
And existing ocean aquatic resources increment measure, as manually banished, artificial fish shelter etc., technology is immature, throw in biological seed not in place, cause marine ecology unbalance, artificial fish shelter is to marine resources increment effect little, a large amount of inputs, but because of marine resources rareness itself, and have the situation that Jiao Wuyu plays.
Above all roots be people for causing, environmental protection and utilization of resources serious unbalance.
Summary of the invention
The problem lacking for the defect of the above existing various oceans mode of production and the ocean aquatic resources that causes, and carry out aquatic resources reparation increment measure deficiency and DeGrain, the invention provides a kind of Marine shoal ecosystem and herd breeding method, the point of penetration that it catches ocean aquatic resources to repair from source, send out seedling ground in degree of saltiness blending place in water quality source and the source of ocean aquatic resources---coastal beach carries out ecology and herds fosterly, has low input high production, energy-conservation from row, simple and practical feature.The object of the invention is to environmental protection and utilization of resources relative equilibrium, repair the ocean aquatic resources declining for continuous year, realize harmony between man and nature development.
To achieve these goals, the technical solution adopted in the present invention is:
A kind of Marine shoal ecosystem is herded breeding method, on naturally coastal beach, enclose, field, herd, production operation; Circle: refer to pastoral area fence, employing having the anti-integrally closed fence of bilayer of escaping dual-use function of combating typhoon full climate protection is carried out in pastoral area; : refer to pastoral area ecotope, comprise building grow seedlings place, the place of ingesting, perching place and the place of surviving the winter, effect is to attract beach aquatic organism seed that morning and evening tides brings to carry out survival and reproduction and the living space of beach aquatic organism is provided; Put: refer to adopt the large-scale economic living kind of artificial input and artificial culture to breed the method that beach aquatic organism combines in pastoral area, repair ecological chain relation and biocenose structure between beach biology, ecotope and the interaction of the stereochemical structure of biocenose at many levels, form pastoral area natural ecosystems; Herd: refer in the natural ecosystems of pastoral area, beach biology carries out that nature is grown seedlings, naturally ingested, natural blowdown and self-sow; And implement dynamic equilibrium management according to the correlation between the variation of natural environment weather and biocenose.
Adopt after technique scheme, the advantage that compared to the prior art the present invention had is:
Marine shoal ecosystem of the present invention is herded breeding method, change traditional to disturb ecological stability to obtain the mudflat aquaculture method of short-term maximum economic benefit, a kind of brand-new beach ecologic breeding thinking is provided, build pastoral area natural ecosystems to obtain the long-term income of cultivation preferably, greatly reduce mudflat aquaculture cost, can also continue the current ocean aquatic resources having been destroyed of year reparation simultaneously.
Particularly, the pool of enclosing of traditional breeding way is breeding spaces, provides living space for accumulating the cultivation that seawater is marine product, and morning and evening tides can not freely pass in and out, and therefore can damage the ecotope of beach; But pastoral area of the present invention, morning and evening tides can free in and out, beach has compared with gentle incline to the place of surviving the winter from the place of growing seedlings, be provided with hatching and sending out the place of growing seedlings of seedling for beach biology, that looks for food for beach biology sucks place, for beach biology perch survive the winter perch place and the place of surviving the winter, thereby pastoral area of the present invention can form the more stable natural beach ecosystem, is conducive to repair beach ecotope.
The constructed ecosystem in pastoral area comprises abitotic substance and energy, the producer, consumer and analyst; Abitotic substance and energy comprise nutrient salt, air, tide energy and luminous energy, and the producer comprises benthic algae and planktonic algae, and consumer comprises crab class and shellfish, and analyst comprises mushroom.Utilize the fluctuation of tidewater, various microorganisms, nutritive salt, biological seed are brought into pasture, enrich various physical resources, form the biological chain effect of various biologies.Utilize tidewater energy, the biological excreta in pastoral area led out.Utilize air-energy, generate various nutritive salt by the decomposition of oxidation and saprophage, bacterium, fungi, under the effect of sunlight, absorbed by various algae, form benign cycle.After tidewater is backed off, utilize solar ulatraviolet radiation to carry out natural sterilization and breeding benthic algae.By the turnover effect of tidewater, various biologies are incubated to son, spore, seed and bring pastoral area into, attract the growth of beach biological self reproducing by above pastoral area envirment factor, form nature and grow seedlings and breed, enrich the living resources in pasture.
Traditional to enclose pool cultivation be that the seed of aquaculture organism is invested in and is enclosed in the pool, adopts the feeding patterns of artificial bait throwing in to cultivate, and blowdown problem cannot solve, because cultivation produces eutrophication problem, aquaculture organism bad; And the present invention is invested in the seed of herding health thing in pasture, utilize morning and evening tides natural energy resources input material energy and resources, to provide pastoral area required, solve the problem that traditional cultivation cannot blowdown simultaneously, herd health thing taking the bait of self-sow in pasture as food, without artificial bait throwing in, herd the part of health thing as the pasture ecosystem, for maintaining the balance of the ecosystem, solve well the eutrophication problem that traditional cultivation produces, aquaculture organism product quality is improved, and can obtain better economic benefit.
Brief description of the drawings
Below in conjunction with drawings and Examples, the present invention is further described:
Fig. 1: plan structure schematic diagram of the present invention.
Fig. 2: the perspective view of part of the present invention.
In figure, 11: stud; 12: outside stay cord; 13: outer net; 14: outside pole; 15: outside net stalk; 21: interior stake; 22: inner side stay cord; 23: Intranet; 24: inner side pole; 25: inner side net stalk; 31: flat-top drape; 32: connect stay cord; 33: the level and smooth anti-layer of escaping.
Embodiment
The following stated is only preferred embodiment of the present invention, does not therefore limit protection scope of the present invention.
Embodiment, a kind of Marine shoal ecosystem is herded breeding method, on naturally coastal beach, enclose,, herd, production operation; Circle: refer to pastoral area fence, employing having the anti-integrally closed fence of bilayer of escaping dual-use function of combating typhoon full climate protection is carried out in pastoral area; : refer to pastoral area ecotope, comprise building grow seedlings place, the place of ingesting, perching place and the place of surviving the winter, effect is to attract beach aquatic organism seed that morning and evening tides brings to carry out survival and reproduction and the living space of beach aquatic organism is provided; Put: refer to adopt the large-scale economic living kind of artificial input and artificial culture to breed the method that beach aquatic organism combines in pastoral area, repair ecological chain relation and biocenose structure between beach biology, ecotope and the interaction of the stereochemical structure of biocenose at many levels, form pastoral area natural ecosystems; Herd: refer in the natural ecosystems of pastoral area, beach biology carries out that nature is grown seedlings, naturally ingested, natural blowdown and self-sow; And implement dynamic equilibrium management according to the correlation between the variation of natural environment weather and biocenose.
Particularly, circle: pastoral area fence, the sealed fence of the double-deck integrated connection that adopting combats typhoon prevents the dual-use function of escaping, under full climatic environment condition, protection pastoral area production safety.Inside and outside Heterogeneous Permutation of fence pole, net is clipped in the middle, dissolve the concentrated stressed destructive effects of same plane that the positive invasion and attack of different directions typhoon produce, double-deck integrated connection can be saved material, strengthen the intensity of combating typhoon of fence, flat-top drape is arranged on being connected above stay cord of pole top with level and smooth cloth, prevent that the mud crab one class biological more hurdle of creeping from escaping, the purse seine of fence does not intercept tidewater spontaneous fluctuation, thereby morning and evening tides can input to the ocean material energy in pastoral area, pastoral area basic nutrition material guarantee is provided, and after the reparation of pastoral area aquatic resources, radiation perimeter marine site.
: building of environment place, comprises the place of growing seedlings, the place of ingesting, perches place and the place of surviving the winter, for pastoral area biology provides the living space of full climatic environment.Be positioned at Shang Tan district, pastoral area nursery, dig some pulks in the place of growing seedlings, retaining microorganisms, attracts the breeding of beach biological seedling.The place of ingesting is positioned at Zhong Tan district, pastoral area, ectogenesis benthic algae, Xun Shi flesh clam, duckbilled razor clam and without the little shellfish of economic worth as the foundation bait of herding health thing, suck the nutriment and the microorganism that utilize tidewater fluctuation input pastoral area, ingest place as the foundation bait base of herding health thing, provide nutritious active bait for herding health thing.Habitat, be positioned at Xia Tan district to wintering ground, dig circular groove and repair dam retaining, summer, retaining cooling, perched for herding health thing, and winter, water storage and thermal insulation, survived the winter for herding health thing.
Pastoral area size 100-1000 mu, reduces beach and builds a cost, is convenient to management, and more perfect pastoral area environment space is provided, and avoids the destruction of primitive nature environment.The present invention adopts the method for large area pastoral area small size retaining, eco-functional regionalization by circular groove profundal zone, beach phytal zone, beach nature Gan Lu district, pulk water reserve and seawater spontaneous fluctuation forms ecological pastoral area, the dark 1-1.5 rice of circular groove, 2 meters of left and right of ditch bottom width, ditch face width 10-15 rice, connects into slope with beach face, the long 1/2-1/4 for pastoral area girth of ditch, beach face impounded area is pastoral area 10%-60%, the dark 0.3 meter of left and right of retaining beach face, the river construction difficulty of building field to reduce beach.
Pastoral area is sunny, and trend air is unimpeded, dissolved oxygen abundance, and material energy resources are inputted naturally, and the natural blowdown circulatory system is perfect.Pastoral area is divided into four functional areas, and Gao Tan district is breeding function district, and Zhong Tan district is the district of ingesting, bait base, Di Tan district be survive the winter in the summer perch hibernation water reserve, also have in addition the larger biological activity district producing after flood tide, better material energy input is provided.The existing complete ecotope facility in this pastoral area, has again the input of the abundant material energy, and horn of plenty aquatic resources provides the ecological pastoral area of an envirment factor good child-rearing.
Because fence of the present invention does not intercept, tidewater spontaneous fluctuation, makes the input of material energy resources.The dry time of tide, pastoral area direct sunlight, ultraviolet ray natural sterilization, pass through photosynthesis, it is vigorous that algae absorbs nutritive salt growth, at the incoming tide, pastoral area provides activity space and the material energy resources of herding health thing, comprise that various nutritive salt, mineral matter element, dissolved oxygen, microorganism, algae, atom and biological seed input continually, the basic substance that provides pastoral area to produce, therefrom take away at ebb tide part biology self excreta, keep the clean environment in pastoral area, and then the pastoral area of material abundance, energy abundance, the sufficient envirment factor good child-rearing of resource is provided.
Put: unrestrained swimming crab seed, repair the ecological chain relation and the biocenose structure that originally disconnect.---microorganism algae---filter-feeding shellfish, Xun Shi flesh clam, the duckbilled razor clam---swimming crab as material nutrition salt.Keep the ecological balance in pastoral area, effect is to overcome the disappearance of herding the required nutriment of health thing, the problem that living space extruding and self excreta are piled up.Ectogenesis beach aquatic organism, provide pastoral area superior envirment factor, envirment factor comprise herd health thing under natural environmental condition the required place of growing seedlings, the place of ingesting, perch place and the place of surviving the winter, and material nutrition, the energy and the resource of tidewater fluctuation input, attract the breeding of beach biological seedling, enrich pastoral area aquatic resources, form biological multilayered structure multi-population ecosystem.In described pastoral area, artificial collocation kind of throwing in large-scale economic living kind and artificial culture breeding beach aquatic organism specifically comprises: swimming crab, mud crab, mantis shrimp, Penaeus monodon, cutter volume prawn, the white shrimp of joint tail, prestige tide, mudskipper, grey mullet, mullet, madai and green moss.Multi-level group structure effect is that the time of biological growth is staggered, living space layering, the bait of ingesting classification and biological excreta gradation disperse, and produce a kind of many and not close living space, less and not the stereo ecological system of interlaced effect between the biocenose of scarce food nutrition.
As preferred scheme, in described pastoral area, artificial collocation kind of throwing in large-scale economic living kind and artificial culture breeding beach aquatic organism specifically comprises: mantis shrimp, Penaeus monodon, cutter volume prawn, the white shrimp of joint tail, prestige tide, mudskipper, grey mullet, mullet, madai, mud blood clam, blood clam, rainbow flower clam, class spiral shell, mud snail, hang razor clam and green moss.This scheme is mainly to throw in the shellfish kind with economic worth as main, and because crab class is taking shellfish as bait, therefore this scheme does not need to throw in crayfish culture kind.
As another preferred scheme, the not retaining of beach of described pastoral area, in described pastoral area, artificial collocation kind of throwing in large-scale economic living kind and artificial culture breeding beach aquatic organism is: mud crab, mantis shrimp, prestige tide, beach fish, class's spiral shell, mud snail and green moss.Not retaining can reduce water conservancy of pastoral area quantities, saves aquaculture cost, obtains good economic benefit simultaneously.
---microorganism algae---the small-sized weed eater of filter-feeding---medium-sized carnivority animal---large-scale economic carnivority animal---biological excreta, corpse---food corruption biology, fungi bacterium---the material nutrition salt as pastoral area circular biological system: material nutrition salt.
Multi-level biological multi-population structure is solid effect interlaced between biocenose, specifically comprise: swimming crab is to Xun Shi flesh clam, the utilization of duckbilled razor clam, Xun Shi flesh clam, duckbilled razor clam utilizes the planktonic algae of tidewater fluctuation input, planktonic algae absorbs herds outer material nutrient salt, mudskipper utilizes pastoral area benthic algae, benthic algae utilizes the material nutrition salt of tidewater fluctuation input, mud crab is to shellfish, shrimps, the utilization of ingesting of fish and little crab class, mantis shrimp is to small fish, shrimp, the utilization of ingesting of little crab, grey mullet, mullet, the ingest utilization of madai to benthic algae and corruption plant, there is decontamination function simultaneously.Between them, form a complicated ecosystem, under the acting in conjunction of ecotope, form natural ecosystems.
Herd: in the natural ecosystems of pastoral area, swimming crab seed and other beach biologies carry out that nature is grown seedlings, naturally ingested, natural blowdown and self-sow; And implement dynamic equilibrium management according to the correlation between the variation of natural environment weather and biocenose.Specifically, dynamic equilibrium management refers to that the stand density of herding health thing regulates, the food of striving of the overlapping adjusting of living space and the bait of ingesting regulates between biocenose, in the specific time, particular organisms kind is fished for to regulate the pastoral area ecological balance in time, carry out smoothly Marine shoal ecosystem and herd health product, on source, repair ocean aquatic resources, radiation perimeter marine site simultaneously.
Circle,, herd, specifically implement: clean up the pond the time, 2-5 days before supporting, with the dispenser of medicine camellia oleosa seed cake, every 100 mu 100 jin of quantity, effect is perch, the fierce and cruel fish of conger pile class of killing in pastoral area, should be noted that medicine camellia oleosa seed cake amount is too much unsuitable, prevent from manslaughtering the foundation bait biology such as Xun Shi flesh clam, duckbilled razor clam of cultivating in pastoral area.Application method: between spring tide flood season, when the water in pastoral area is put to dark 0.5 meter of circular groove, the medicine camellia oleosa seed cake of splashing from circular groove upstream daytime, the circular groove of flowing through from top to bottom finally flows out from gate, then attracts egression birds the fish of killing are eaten totally.
Artificial storage on June 30, swimming crab is manually thrown in seed, throws in respectively 4-5 phase seed, every mu of 500 left and right of quantity from-10 days on the 1st July, concrete swimming crab seed quantity of observing natural propagation in pastoral area is determined the quantity of artificial input seed again, prevents from that density from exceeding standard to break the ecological balance in pasture.Attract by the input of swimming crab seed and the envirment factor good child-rearing in pastoral area, ectogenesis beach biology, enriches pastoral area living resources, and the biological chain between biology basically forms.As foundation bait, Xun Shi flesh clam, duckbilled razor clam, little Bei, small fish, shrimp, little crab, planktonic algae etc. are constantly inputted by tidewater fluctuation, large-scale economic living is as enough in mud crab seed, the multilayer stereo biological structure of the economic livings such as mantis shrimp, Penaeus monodon, cutter volume prawn, Exopalaemon carinicauda, mudskipper, prestige tide has formed, and the ecosystem is substantially perfect.
Even if the damaged situation of current check fence carries out repairing, even if herding the growing state of health thing, observation pastoral area carries out adjusting.As Penaeus monodon, cutter volume prawn perch the common region around circular groove with swimming crab after a growth in month, since August its growing space overlap, therefore need timely harvesting mid-August, avoid the cannibalisation of swimming crab and prawn as far as possible, reduce unnecessary loss.And for example, about the stand density regulation and control of swimming crab, generally, before mating in September, by male crab harvesting 1/2 left and right, regulate cultivation density, produce cannibalisation loss because male crab fights to reduce mating season, improve survival rate.Swimming crab growing period density is: 500/mu of seed phases, and 250/mu of vegetative period, 100/mu of fattening periods, its effect is: the incidence of disease is few, and cannibalisation is few, and survival rate is high, individual large, quality better, resources consumption is relatively less, and economic benefit is higher.
Mud crab starts on bait, to overlap and strive food with swimming crab from mid-August, therefore in mid-August to mating forward part male and female by mud crab harvesting 60%, reduce bait and strive food and disease spread, Exopalaemon carinicauda is harvesting after swimming crab hibernation, hope tide except fishing for the whole year in severe winter, mudskipper is fished for the whole year except hibernation, mantis shrimp harvesting in May-June, class's spiral shell is fished for the whole year, mud snail 5-7 month harvesting, the razor clam harvesting in the first half of the year of hanging, the green moss 1-6 month gathers, grey mullet, mullet, madai go on the market according to specification, and mud blood clam, blood clam, rainbow flower clam are according to specification harvesting.
Marine shoal ecosystem of the present invention is herded breeding method, generally do not need bait throwing in, not dispenser, addition product does not take manually to throw seedling, and its economic living kind also comprises mud crab, Penaeus monodon, cutter volume prawn, Exopalaemon carinicauda, mantis shrimp, prestige tide, mudskipper, class spiral shell, mud snail, hang razor clam and green moss.Above-mentioned embodiment illustrates that Marine shoal ecosystem of the present invention herds the outstanding main points of breeding method and be: little throwing seedling, not dispenser, not bait throwing in, catch regulation and control by good time receipts and herd the overlapping competitive relation between stand density and the biocenose of health thing, thereby realize the ecological balance in pastoral area, carry out beach ecosystem and herd foster production operation.This Marine shoal ecosystem is herded breeding method science, easy to operate, practical, drops into abortion and goes out height, and total product and economic benefit are better.
It is as follows that beach is herded foster biological attribute:
Swimming crab--aquatic property--omnivorousness--intertidal zone, beach breeding;
Mud crab--breed to select cave property by--carnivority--beach;
Penaeus monodon--aquatic property--carnivority--intertidal zone, beach breeding;
--aquatic property--omnivorousness--the beach breeding of cutter volume prawn;
Exopalaemon carinicauda--aquatic property--omnivorousness--intertidal zone, beach breeding;
Mantis shrimp----carnivority--intertidal zone of selecting cave property, beach breeding;
Grey mullet--intertidal zone breeding that aquatic property--is licked licking property food algae--;
Mullet--intertidal zone breeding that aquatic property--is licked licking property food algae--;
Madai--aquatic property--carnivority--intertidal zone breeding;
Mudskipper----lick licking property food algae--beach breeding of selecting cave property;
----carnivority--beach is bred to select cave property to hope tide;
--beach shallow--filter-feeding--the beach breeding of mud blood clam;
Blood clam--water-bed shallow table gregarious--filter-feeding--intertidal zone breeding;
--water-bed shallow table gregarious--filter-feeding--intertidal zone breeding of rainbow flower clam;
Hanging, razor clam--breed to select cave property by--filter-feeding--beach;
--beach latency--carnivority--the beach breeding of class's spiral shell;
Mud snail--beach latency--food algae property--beach breeding;
Green moss--beach growth--absorbability--beach breeding.
The group structure of biological chain relation is as follows:
Swimming crab: material nutrition salt--alga microbial--food algae bio, Xun Shi flesh clam, duckbilled razor clam--swimming crab;
Mud crab: material nutrition salt--alga microbial--most of beach aquatic animal--mud crab;
Penaeus monodon: material nutrition salt--microorganism algae--small fish, shrimp, little shellfish--Penaeus monodon;
Cutter volume prawn: material nutrition salt--microorganism algae--benthic algae, small fish, shrimp, little shellfish--cutter volume prawn;
Exopalaemon carinicauda: material nutrition salt--microorganism algae, chip, corpse--Exopalaemon carinicauda;
Mantis shrimp: material nutrition salt--microorganism algae--small fish, shrimp, little crab, little shellfish--mantis shrimp;
Grey mullet: material nutrition salt--algae, chip--grey mullet;
Mullet: material nutrition salt--algae, chip--mullet;
Mudskipper: material nutrition salt--algae--mudskipper;
Madai: material nutrition salt--microorganism algae--software biology, small fish, shrimp, little shellfish--madai;
----little shellfish--little crab--is hoped tide to microorganism algae to hope tide: material nutrition salt;
Mud blood clam: material nutrition salt--algae, chip--mud blood clam;
Blood clam: material nutrition salt--algae, chip--blood clam;
Rainbow flower clam: material nutrition salt--algae, chip--rainbow flower clam;
The razor clam of hanging: material nutrition salt--algae, chip--razor clam of hanging;
Class's spiral shell: material nutrition salt--algae--shellfish--class spiral shell;
Mud snail: material nutrition salt--algae--mud snail;
Green moss: material nutrition salt--green moss.
Fence of the present invention is shown in shown in Fig. 1 Fig. 2 in addition: coastal areas of southern China one band often meets with typhoon and harasses and attacks, and it is how to resist typhoon to ensure pasture safety that coastal beach is herded foster main bugbear.The present inventor has submitted the patent application of " anti-facility of the low height of dam net of beach ecologic breeding " on August 17th, 2012 to State Intellectual Property Office for this reason, notification number is CN202819291U, it mainly adopts inside and outside double-deck enclosure net structure, comprise net, rope, stake, stalk, bar etc., feature is the inside and outside Heterogeneous Permutation of bar, net is clipped in the middle, the typhoon of different directions like this can contend with, decompose dexterously the concentrated stressed destructiveness that typhoon brings, making typhoon put on online horizontal force evenly spreads on some bars, reduce to descend the stressed of the two ends head rope on the net.
Bar adopts the high mao bamboon bar of 3-9 rice; mao bamboon bar has certain toughness; Anti-Typhoon effect is better than rigidity rod, and the root of bar is imbedded 1.5 meters of left and right of beach, and the distance between adjacent two bars is 1-1.5 rice; the head rope of online end is fixed on the ring place of bar; the height of bar is higher than net top 25-30 centimetre, and effect is the ring that binds of guard bar, and anti-sealing enters in bar; prevent that ring from rotting, the life-span of extension rod.
Inner side purse seine adopts the net of 3-4 thigh spun yarn, and mesh 1.5-2 centimetre supports aquatile and Anti-Typhoon as main to herd, and acts on the frictional force that is to dwindle typhoon and net, alleviates the pressure of bar, improves the intensity of combating typhoon, and saves material simultaneously.Inner side purse seine adopts the net of 6-12 thigh rove, and mesh 3-4 centimetre prevents that external drift from clashing into, and dwindles the active force of typhoon and purse seine with expansion mesh, prevents from herding foster aquatile flight simultaneously.
Stalk adopts diameter 3-5 centimetre, and the bamboo rod of long 50-60 centimetre, through the head rope of end off the net, is imbedded the head rope of stalk and end off the net in 50 centimetres of dark beach simultaneously, and stalk is laterally imbedded, and expands lifting surface area, to firmly fix the head rope of end off the net.
The angle of stay cord and bar is 40-45 °, and stay cord keeps 90 ° of right angles with stake, and stay cord can adopt Y shape design, can save 30% stay cord, save 50% stake, not affect fixation simultaneously, the material of the former bamboo of one strain can blanking be bar, stake, stalk, and input cost is lower.
Fence of the present invention does and optimizes and improve on existing fence basis, has Anti-Typhoon performance and anti-escape performance, herds foster main bugbear to solve coastal beach.Particularly, described fence comprises by Intranet 23, inner side pole 24, interior stake 21, inner side stay cord 22 and the inner side net stalk 25 inner side purse seines that form and by outer net 13, outside pole 14, stud 11, outside stay cord 12 and the outside net stalk 15 outside purse seines that form, between inner side purse seine and outside purse seine, is provided with flat-top drape 31; Some inner sides pole 24 is fixedly inserted on beach and is distributed in alternately the both sides of Intranet 23, inner side net stalk 25 is embedded in beach and with the head rope of Intranet 23 lower ends and is connected, interior stake 21 is embedded in the beach of inner side of Intranet 23, and the two ends of inner side stay cord 22 are individually fixed in inner side pole 24 and interior stake 21; Some outsides pole 14 is fixedly inserted on beach and is distributed in alternately the both sides of outer net 13, outside net stalk 15 is embedded in beach and with the head rope of outer net 13 lower ends and is connected, stud 11 is embedded in the beach in outside of outer net 13, and the two ends of outside stay cord 12 are individually fixed on outside pole 14 and stud 11; Between described inner side pole 24 and described outside pole 14, be provided with and be connected stay cord 32, described flat-top drape 31 is layed on described connection stay cord 32, and a side of flat-top drape 31 is connected with the head rope of outer net 13 upper ends, between the opposite side of flat-top drape 31 and Intranet 23, leaves gap.
Fence of the present invention adopts connection stay cord 32 that inner side pole 24 is fixedly connected with outside pole 14, and therefore inner side purse seine and outside purse seine only need a layback rope can meet stress balance, possess Anti-Typhoon performance.The effect of the stay cord connecting is also to can be used for laying flat-top drape 31, flat-top drape 31 is fixedly connected with the upper end head rope of outer net 13, form an inverted "L" shaped structure, and there is gap between flat-top drape 31 and Intranet 23, the effect in this gap is, crossing out from Intranet 23 when crab class is to enter from this gap between Intranet 23 and outer net 13, the effect of flat-top drape 31 is in the time that the crab class of the Intranet 23 of escaping out is climbed up outer net 13, because crab class self gravitation cannot roll over to upper surface from flat-top drape 31 lower surfaces, thereby flat-top drape 31 can stop that it crosses escape.
As preferably, described fence also comprises the level and smooth anti-layer 33 of escaping being layed on described connection stay cord 32, the level and smooth anti-layer 33 of escaping is between flat-top drape 31 and Intranet 23, and a level and smooth anti-side of escaping layer 33 is connected with flat-top drape 31, smoothly prevents escaping leaving gap between layers 33 opposite side and Intranet 23.
Fence of the present invention, by rational layout designs, overcomes the destructive effects that typhoon brings.Pole is Heterogeneous Permutation inside and outside, net is in centre, the front of resisting typhoon different directions attacks, in the time that typhoon blows, the back side of net is attached to all the time wherein pole on one side and goes up, the upper and lower uniform stressed of pole, the spacing of pole and pole, can make purse seine entirety transverse plane merogenesis stressed, the unit are that reduces typhoon and fence is stressed.The wherein upper and lower and purse seine uniform stressed of pole, change 2 of the upper and lower head ropes of traditional fence and concentrated stressed mode, prop up the stressed effect of merogenesis of distance between tie rods, decompose traditional fence same plane and be subject to force phenomenon, therefrom dissolve typhoon and purse seine and concentrate stressed destructive effects, compared with traditional fence, in the situation that not increasing any material, strengthen and combat typhoon intensity more than 5 times, increase by 2 years service life.
It should be noted that, accompanying drawing is only as the illustrative schematic diagram of the present invention, and above content is only preferred embodiment of the present invention, for those of ordinary skill in the art, according to thought of the present invention, all will change in specific embodiments and applications, this description should not be construed as limitation of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. Marine shoal ecosystem is herded a breeding method, it is characterized in that, on naturally coastal beach, enclose,, herd, production operation;
Circle: refer to pastoral area fence, employing having the anti-integrally closed fence of bilayer of escaping dual-use function of combating typhoon full climate protection is carried out in pastoral area;
: refer to pastoral area ecotope, comprise building grow seedlings place, the place of ingesting, perching place and the place of surviving the winter, effect is to attract beach aquatic organism seed that morning and evening tides brings to carry out survival and reproduction and the living space of beach aquatic organism is provided;
Put: refer to adopt the large-scale economic living kind of artificial input and artificial culture to breed the method that beach aquatic organism combines in pastoral area, repair ecological chain relation and biocenose structure between beach biology, ecotope and the interaction of the stereochemical structure of biocenose at many levels, form pastoral area natural ecosystems;
Herd: refer in the natural ecosystems of pastoral area, beach biology carries out that nature is grown seedlings, naturally ingested, natural blowdown and self-sow; And implement dynamic equilibrium management according to the correlation between the variation of natural environment weather and biocenose.
2. Marine shoal ecosystem according to claim 1 is herded breeding method, it is characterized in that, the large-scale economic living kind of described artificial input comprises crab class, shrimps, fish, shellfish.
3. Marine shoal ecosystem according to claim 1 is herded breeding method, it is characterized in that, described artificial culture breeding beach aquatic organism comprises crab class, shrimps, fish, shellfish, algae; Described artificial culture breeding beach aquatic organism is to attract beach aquatic organism breeding growth for pastoral area provides the envirment factor of good child-rearing, to enrich the aquatic resources in pastoral area.
4. Marine shoal ecosystem according to claim 1 is herded breeding method, it is characterized in that, the foundation bait of the large-scale economic living kind of described artificial input and described artificial culture breeding beach aquatic organism comprises plankton, algae, Xun Shi flesh clam, duckbilled razor clam and small fish, little Bei, shrimp, little crab.
5. Marine shoal ecosystem according to claim 1 is herded breeding method, it is characterized in that, described pastoral area scope is 100-1000 mu.
6. Marine shoal ecosystem is herded breeding method according to claim 1 or 5, it is characterized in that, the beach retaining of described pastoral area, and its impounded area is greater than 10% of the pastoral area gross area.
7. Marine shoal ecosystem according to claim 6 is herded breeding method, it is characterized in that, in described pastoral area, artificial collocation kind of throwing in large-scale economic living kind and artificial culture breeding beach aquatic organism is: swimming crab, mud crab, mantis shrimp, Penaeus monodon, cutter volume prawn, the white shrimp of joint tail, prestige tide, mudskipper, grey mullet, mullet, madai and green moss.
8. Marine shoal ecosystem according to claim 6 is herded breeding method, it is characterized in that, in described pastoral area, artificial collocation kind of throwing in large-scale economic living kind and artificial culture breeding beach aquatic organism is: mantis shrimp, Penaeus monodon, cutter volume prawn, the white shrimp of joint tail, prestige tide, mudskipper, grey mullet, mullet, madai, mud blood clam, blood clam, rainbow flower clam, class spiral shell, mud snail, hang razor clam and green moss.
9. Marine shoal ecosystem according to claim 1 is herded breeding method, it is characterized in that, the not retaining of beach of described pastoral area, in described pastoral area, artificial collocation kind of throwing in large-scale economic living kind and artificial culture breeding beach aquatic organism is: mud crab, mantis shrimp, prestige tide, beach fish, class's spiral shell, mud snail and green moss.
10. Marine shoal ecosystem according to claim 1 is herded breeding method, it is characterized in that, described fence comprises inner side purse seine, outside purse seine and flat-top drape, inner side purse seine comprises Intranet, inner side pole, interior stake, inner side stay cord and inner side net stalk, outside purse seine comprises outer net, outside pole, stud, outside stay cord and outside net stalk, between inner side pole and outside pole, be provided with and be connected stay cord, described flat-top drape is layed on described connection stay cord, and flat-top drape one side is connected with outer net, and flat-top drape opposite side and Intranet have gap; Some inner sides pole is fixedly inserted on beach and is distributed in alternately the both sides of Intranet, and inner side net stalk is embedded in beach and with the head rope of Intranet lower end and is connected, and interior stake is embedded in Intranet inner side, and the two ends of inner side stay cord are individually fixed in inner side pole and interior stake; Some outsides pole is fixedly inserted on beach and is distributed in alternately the both sides of outer net, outside net stalk is embedded in beach and with the head rope of outer net lower end and is connected, stud is embedded in outer net outside, the two ends of outside stay cord are individually fixed on outside pole and stud, described fence also comprises the level and smooth anti-layer of escaping being layed on described connection stay cord, the level and smooth anti-layer of escaping is between flat-top drape and Intranet, a level and smooth anti-side of escaping layer is connected with flat-top drape, between the opposite side of smoothly preventing escaping layer and Intranet, has gap.
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| CN113994909A (en) * | 2021-12-06 | 2022-02-01 | 江苏省海洋水产研究所 | Marine ranching farming system |
| CN114429729A (en) * | 2022-02-15 | 2022-05-03 | 山东省海洋科学研究院(青岛国家海洋科学研究中心) | Marine ranching food net reconstruction and collaborative restoration method |
| CN116439175A (en) * | 2023-05-26 | 2023-07-18 | 唐山碧海源海洋生态养殖有限公司 | Huang Ge and solen beach three-dimensional cultivation method |
| CN117530236A (en) * | 2023-12-29 | 2024-02-09 | 上海勘测设计研究院有限公司 | Ecological restoration mode and implementation method for tidal flat water bird habitat |
| CN117530236B (en) * | 2023-12-29 | 2024-08-27 | 上海勘测设计研究院有限公司 | Ecological restoration mode and implementation method for tidal flat water bird habitat |
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