CN104472176B - The construction method that mountain river riverbank vegetation ecological recovers - Google Patents
The construction method that mountain river riverbank vegetation ecological recovers Download PDFInfo
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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- Y02A20/00—Water conservation; Efficient water supply; Efficient water use
- Y02A20/40—Protecting water resources
- Y02A20/402—River restoration
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
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Abstract
The invention discloses the construction method that a kind of mountain river riverbank vegetation ecological recovers: comprise the steps: that (1) submerged vegetation recovers: in item area, the stronger Potamogetonaceae of resistance to erosion ability, Hydrocharctaceae submerged plant are planted in dispersion；(2) river course megalith, erratic boulder revegetation: the ecological region planting stronger wetland plant of resistance to erosion ability such as megalith in item area river course, erratic boulder；(3) riparian plant recovers: between riverbank ordinary water level and the 2 years one chance flood levels in Project Areas, plantation resistance to erosion, deep root system emergent aquactic plant and hygrophyte；(4) riverbank revegetation: between 2 years one chance flood levels and the 20 years one chance flood levels in Project Areas, the resistance to water logging arbor of plantation Juglandaceae, Betulaceae etc., shrub, the grass family of deep root system, Cyperaceae herbaceous plant are planted in ground.Present invention efficiently solves the ecological problems such as riverbank soil erosion, stream self-purification ability is weak, bio-diversity falls sharply, clear-cutting forestland and reconstruction for riverbank and river course provide feasible and effective restoration of the ecosystem measure.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to Ecological Restoration Works technical field, be specifically related to the optimization construction method of a kind of mountain river riverbank vegetation,
It is particularly suitable for degeneration Riparian Zone ecosystem restoration and reconstruction.Utilize multi-level, polymorphic type vegetation construction recovery bio-diversity,
Cut down pollutant, stable river ecosystem of getting well.
Background technology
Recently as surge and the development of industrial and agricultural production of population, the wetlands ecosystems including Riparian Zone are owing to being subject to
The interference of mankind's activity and there is serious degradation；Therefore, the recovery of degraded ecosystem has become international ecological with recovering ecology
Learn the focus of research field.Foreign scholar has carried out substantial amounts of research on the basis of test, and China's Riparian Zone and degeneration thereof are raw
State system reconstructing research on theory and practice is the weakest.Riparian vegetation buffer zone system is an extremely complex system, including
The size yardstick of buffer strip, the composition of band implants, soil types, landforms, the hydrology, micro climate etc., be all to need to consider
Factor, therefore, design riparian vegetation buffer zone is a sufficiently complex process.
Typically, mountain river refers to come from mountain region and be positioned at the river in area, mountain region.Its riverbed is generally by one section of abrupt slope and
Section gentle slope is formed by connecting, in a series of stepped plus pool is alternate.Comprehensive correlational study both domestic and external, it is believed that river, mountain region
Stream should be river longitudinal gradient fall ＞ 0.5%, and the ratio of the depth of water and bed material particle diameter is below 10, and water channel Branching Ratio is between 3～4；Water channel
The relatively average discrepancy in elevation is more than 150m；Having the fluvial morphology that shoal-pool is alternately present is mountain river.It is said that in general, mountain region
River has that gradient is big, flow velocity fast, it is strong to wash away, megalith or erratic boulder is many, the rapid feature of river course metamorphosis, therefore its river course,
The recovery of riverbank vegetation has method distinct with plain tract and measure.
Summary of the invention
It is an object of the invention to provide the construction method that a kind of mountain river riverbank vegetation ecological recovers, method is simple, behaviour
Make simplicity.
To achieve the above object, the present invention uses techniques below measure:
The construction method that a kind of mountain river riverbank vegetation ecological recovers, the steps include:
A. riverbank habitat survey: substrate, riverbank landform and the situation such as landforms, River Hydrology in region, riverbank is carried out probe,
Determine the ecological characteristic of the plant species needing screening；
B. plant species screening: according to the habitats such as Riparian Zone substrate and edaphic factor, riverbank topography and geomorphology, the River Hydrology factor because of
Son, and the large scale envirment factor such as regional climate is meteorological, determine suitable raw plant species, it is ensured that the localization of riverbank plant,
Variation；
C. planting planting submerged plant in river course: in construction project district, dispersion plantation shock resistance, the submerged plant of resistance to torrent, such as eye
In Zi Cai section, Hydrocharctaceae a kind of to three kinds arbitrarily the most how, recover and rebuild submerged vegetation；
D. on river course megalith, erratic boulder, plant hygrophyte: in Project Areas, exceed the plantation behind of the megalith of the water surface, erratic boulder deep
A kind of or the combination of two kinds in root system, the Araeceae of resistance to water logging, JUNCACEAE, recovers and rebuilds megalith, erratic boulder in river course
Phytobiocoenose；
E. riparian plant is planted at riverbank Waterfront areas: the shore bank band plantation resistance to erosion of meeting between flood level ordinary water level and 2 years one,
Resistance to water logging, the emergent aquactic plant of deep root system and wetland plant, as JUNCACEAE, Cyperaceae, the one of aroid or two to
The combination in any of four kinds, the emergent aquactic plant group recovered with rebuild shore bank band, recover mountain river erosion resistibility, improve river
Water quality, provides multiple habitat for propagulum and animal；
F. riverbank arbor, shrub and herbaceous plant are recovered in Riparian Zone: met flood level to 20 years one in Riparian Zone according to 2 years one
Meet the order plantation shrub-arbor of flood level, and with grass family or Cyperaceae herbaceous plant all standing ground storey.Shrub by Rosaceae,
A kind of or the combination in any of two to five kinds of Hamamelidaceae, Urticaceae, Betulaceae etc., arbor is by Juglandaceae, Betulaceae, Taxodiaceae
Etc. resistance to water logging, a kind of or combination in any of two to three kinds of resistance to erosion.This Riparian Zone can reduce region rainwash, can cut again
Subtract the pollutant flowing through Riparian Zone；
G. riverbank vegetation management safeguard: mountain river especially note the gravel after great flood, erratic boulder etc. to submerged plant,
River course plant, the washing away of shore bank plant, destroy, carry out in time recovering, mending cultivation.
Wherein, mountain river of the present invention refers to that those are risen in mountain region or are positioned at the river in mountain region, the river that the present invention is applied
Bank band is met between flood level between river ordinary water level and 20 years one.
Wherein, at least one during the submerged plant described in step C preferably is selected from water caltrop, dragon palpus swallow grass, Herba vallisneriae Spiralis etc..
Wherein, the plant that step D kind is planted is resistance to water logging, the Medulla Junci of resistance to erosion, Araeceae, sedge, is preferably
At least one in Medulla Junci, Rhizoma Acori Graminei, stream sedge etc.；
Wherein, step E kind plants deep root system, resistance to erosion, the JUNCACEAE of resistance to water logging, Cyperaceae, aroid, preferably
At least one in stream sedge, Medulla Junci, Rhizoma Acori Graminei etc., and it is planted in clay soil property area.According to river water level, plant
Thing builds collocation, forms following shore bank phytobiocoenose: Medulla Junci group, stream sedge group, Rhizoma Acori Graminei group, Medulla Junci and
Stream sedge group, Medulla Junci and Rhizoma Acori Graminei group, stream sedge and Rhizoma Acori Graminei group, such phytobiocoenose belongs to the wettest
Raw phytobiocoenose.
Wherein, the Riparian vegetation described in step F recovers to meet flood level from 2 years one and met between flood level to 20 years one, plants successively
Planting two irrigation and drainage wood of deep root system, resistance to erosion and fast-growth, high 0.8～1.2m is high, the fruticeta of hat width diameter 1.3～1.6m,
Such as the plant such as Rosaceae, Urticaceae, Betulaceae, forms Huo Ji group, Debregeasia orientalis C. J. Chen group, Ramulus et Folium Adinae Piluliferae group, China mosquito mother group
Fall, little leaf boxwood group, and 2 to 5 kinds of combinations of aforementioned several plant, form line-spacing 100cm, the river of spacing in the rows 80cm
Bank shrub community；In fruticeta away from the outside in river course, build high 1.5～2.0m, the deep root system of the diameter of a cross-section of a tree trunk 1.3 meters above the ground 3～5cm, resistance to water logging
Arborous layer, the such as plant such as Taxodiaceae, Juglandaceae, Betulaceae, form Pterocarya Stenoptera group, western paper birth group, Chi Shan group, Yi Jiqian
State 2 to 3 kinds of plant societys of three kinds of plants, form line-spacing 150cm, the riverbank arbor group of spacing in the rows 100cm；Arbor
With the deep root system draft that grass family or Cyperaceae are planted in the lower section of shrub time, such as Bermuda grass, the mode of sowing is used to plant,
After item area consolidation, and after having planted tree and shrubs, plant according to the standard of 500g/20m2.
Wherein, in aforesaid step, after item area consolidation, and after having planted tree and shrubs, deep root system draft is pressed
Standard according to 400g-600g/20m2 is planted.It is preferably the standard plantation of 500g/20m2.
Wherein, after riverbank vegetation has been planted, the first quarter is it is noted that the invasion problem of alien species.
The plant that the present invention selects, from have locality strong (there is typical regional feature, adapt to local weather, soil,
Water quality, easily grows up, and survival rate is high, to embody local and popular afforestation effect and ecological benefits), cost performance height (selected
Plant price comparatively speaking is low, solid soil ability high), view strong (seasonality of selected Leaf shape, leaf color etc., sight and
Stereovision is strong), the many-side such as solid soil nature (selected vegetation play conserve water and soil, the effect of stable side slope) comprehensively pay attention to, with
Time be also contemplated for the convenience of the late maintaining management after the completion of Riparian Zone ecological recovery with economical.
On the basis of the collection of data, Field Research, on-the-spot investigation and laboratory experiment, according to riverbank topography and geomorphology,
Riverbank substrate and soil, regional climate etc., summary and induction goes out the riverbank vegetation construction system of complete set, extensive including submerged vegetation
Multiple, river course revegetation, shore bank revegetation, four kinds of vegetation construction techniques of riverbank revegetation, mutually coordinated collocation and become
The most effective a set of Ecological Restoration Project measure.
The construction method of the present invention, method is simple, easy and simple to handle, and floristics is this locality, it is achieved that from river course to river
Distributing rationally of bank, carries out mountain river riverbank vegetation ecological the most targetedly and recovers and rebuild.Can quickly improve and be ruined
Bad river course and Riparian Zone bio-diversity and ecological diversity, promote the monitoring stable development of riparian ecosystem.Effective solution
River polluting status of having determined is serious, and riverbank Invasive Alien Species is serious, and riverbank bio-diversity is low waits ecological problem, for riverbank
Clear-cutting forestland and reconstruction provide feasible and efficient restoration of the ecosystem measure.
The present invention compared with the prior art, has the following advantages and effect:
(1) submerged plant, river course plant, shore bank plant and riverbank plant all select deep root system, resistance to erosion, clean dirty ability strong
Local species, have remarkable result to recovering mountain river bio-diversity；
(2) the riverbank vegetation ecological restoration methods involved by this invention, mainly has Riparian vegetation, but is not limited to riverbank, also wrap
Include riverbed, river course, shore bank band, substantially and be omnibearing to Riparian Zone Effect of Ecological Restoration；
(3) vegetation in submerged vegetation recovery, river course revegetation, shore bank revegetation, riverbank revegetation selects and collocation,
Respectively through on-the-spot investigation and configuration experiment, it is appropriate bands and repairs the optimum vegetation arrangement in river；
(4) vegetation selected by this technology is endemic species, it is simple to maintenance management, manages and protects period and does not expend substantial amounts of energy or increasing
Add maintenance cost, the pollutant purification ability of Riparian Zone can be significantly improved, cut down the initial stage rainwash through Riparian Zone, will not
Ecological environment is adversely affected；
(5) the riverbank vegetation ecological recovery technology of the present invention, based on natural river regulation, the method utilizing restoration of the ecosystem, reaches
While remarkable effect, beautify ecological environment, increased the aesthetic degree of mountain river Riparian Zone, promoted ecological harmonious, there is life
State, Social and economic benef@.
Detailed description of the invention
Volt cattle small stream overview:
Volt Niu Xi is positioned at Dadukou District, Chongqing City, total length 7.2km, drainage area 16.0km2, the slope of river 16.78 ‰, for many years
Average discharge is 0.245m3/s.In basin by uneven planar water body (Young Pioneer reservoir, pocket ditch reservoir, yellow square rafter fort reservoir,
Sun gulf reservoir) and width differ wire water body (small stream ditch, river) constitute.Owing to being arranged by littoral sanitary sewage, industrial wastewater
The impact put, water quality impact is the most serious.2013, volt Niu Xishui domain-functionalities classification was cancelled in Dadukou District.
Situation before recovery:
Reality of the present invention application section is circular arc river course and a Riparian Zone, river course mean breadth 3m, and mean depth 0.6m is flat
All flow velocity 2.65m3/ s, long 70m inside this Riparian Zone, the long 130m in outside, Riparian Zone mean breadth 20m, gradient average out to
30°.River course cobble-stone, block stone forest stand, and without submerged plant, emergent aquactic plant growth, edge, river course, owing to washing away for a long time, only has
A small amount of grass growth, vegetation coverage is less than 50%, and Riparian Zone is washed away due to rainfall and rainwash, vegetative coverage
Degree is less than 50%, and plant is based on Polygonaceae (careless), Compositae (Herba Erigerontis Canadensis) and pulse family (Pueraria lobota).Recovery technology: for solving
The problems such as the current scour that this section faces is serious, bio-diversity is low, applicant starts intervention in January, 2013 and carries out river
The recovery of bank vegetation, concrete recovery measure is as follows:
Staggered cultivated area 150m in this river course2Water caltrop and Herba Potamogetonis Pectinati, form submerged plant forest under water；
Megalith, erratic boulder behind and the Rhizoma Acori Graminei of edge planting height 0.5m, Medulla Junci 20m in river course2；
Waterfront band at edge, river course interlocks and plants western paper birth 100 strain of diameter of a cross-section of a tree trunk 1.3 meters above the ground 3cm, 3 rows, line-spacing 1.5m, spacing in the rows 1m, often
Arrange 35 strains；Pterocarya Stenoptera 30 strain of diameter of a cross-section of a tree trunk 1.3 meters above the ground 5cm, 3 rows, line-spacing 1.5m, spacing in the rows 7m, often arrange 10 strains；Form next-door neighbour riverbank
Tree zone.Plant the shrub of three row height 1.0m, line-spacing 1.5m, spacing in the rows 1m at tree zone away from side, river course, interlock and plant
Plant fire spine and female each 130 strains of China mosquito；
In tree zone, shrub zone and the region, riverbank of remaining wide 5m, by the way of sowing, plant Bermuda grass, according to 30
m2The amount of/jin is sowed, altogether 20 jin of Bermuda grass seed of sowing.
To in August, 2014, application region of the present invention has been recovered 1 year, according to the on-the-spot tune on August 10th, 2014～13 days
Looking into, recovery effects is as follows:
Technology application area plant species richness is improved to 35 kinds by 15 kinds, and Shannon-Wiener diversity indices is by 0.675
Improve to 1.452；
Vegetation coverage is brought up to current 90% by original less than 50%；
Phytobiocoenose is improved to current 12 by original 3 herbosas, including 1 arbor group, and 1 fruticeta,
2 aquatic vegetations, 6 herbaceous community, herbosa wherein has 3 for germinating group, respectively Herba Imperatae naturally
Group's (spontaneous), Herba Typhae group (spontaneous) and stream sedge group (spontaneous)；
The Alien invasive species Alternanthera philoxeroides of technology application area, Herba Eichhorniae, Herba Erigerontis Canadensis disappear in technology application area, this atural object
Kind Herba Imperatae, Herba Typhae, stream sedge occur in show-how district, and form typical phytobiocoenose；
According to water quality monitoring index, through the rainwash of one's respective area, its flow velocity cuts down 38.5%, and in rainwash, particulate matter subtracts
Few 46.8%, TP clearance 35.6%, TN clearance 5.8%, COD clearance 15.8%, preferably alleviate into earth's surface, river
The pollutant load of runoff and quantity of sand and mud.
The present embodiment solves to lie prostrate the ecosystem destruction on the mountain river riverbank that Niu Xiwei represents, and bio-diversity lowers, ground
The problems such as table water pollution.Utilizing multiple terrestrial, the optimum collocation of aquatic vegetation carries out effective two packing spaces to volt Niu Xi river course
Property recover and surface water purify.Complement each other with this, recover the vegetation of Riparian Zone, provide for riverbank plant, terrestrial animal etc.
Habitat, improves the Riparian Zone detergent power to initial stage rainwash, reduces initial stage earth's surface runoff velocity, becomes and improve riverbank
The important engineering measure of ecosystem.
In Riparian vegetation recovery process, buffer strip vegetation composition is as far as possible based on local seeds, it is considered to intend building the tool in location
Body ecological condition and requirement, arbor of correctly arranging in pairs or groups, shrub and the ratio of ground quilt.By a large amount of on-site inspections, it is known that not
Also it is not quite similar with its effect of buffer strip of vegetation pattern composition.In this manner it is possible to require to select to close according to place characteristic and use
Suitable vegetation collocation type.Mountain river Riparian Zone is owing to considering its special river morphology form and hydrology form, and it builds
Vegetation and phytobiocoenose should have higher abrasion resistance, deeper root system of plant, higher water-fast than plain tract Riparian Zone
Flooding ability, the mountain river riverbank vegetation ecological recovery technology that the invention of this skill is built fully takes into account the feature of mountain river, selection
Plant had both had raising Regional Biodiversity, had cut down initial stage earth's surface runoff velocity and pollutant, can resist again flood of a mountain area and flood
With wash away, improve riverbank and the feature of river course Regional Landscape.
Floristics is this locality, it is achieved that distributing rationally from river course to riverbank, carries out mountain river river the most targetedly
Bank vegetation ecological recovers and rebuilds.The successful implementation of this project significantly improves volt Niu Xi river course and Riparian Zone bio-diversity and life
State multiformity, promotes the monitoring stable development of riparian ecosystem.Effectively solve volt cattle small stream river polluting status serious,
Riverbank Invasive Alien Species is serious, and riverbank bio-diversity is low waits ecological problem, and providing for clear-cutting forestland and the reconstruction on riverbank can
Go and efficient restoration of the ecosystem measure.
Claims (7)
1. the construction method that mountain river riverbank vegetation ecological recovers, the steps include:
A. riverbank habitat survey: the region, riverbank situation including substrate, riverbank landform and landforms, River Hydrology is carried out
Probe, determines the ecological characteristic of the plant species needing screening；
B. plant species screening: according to Riparian Zone substrate with including edaphic factor, riverbank topography and geomorphology, the River Hydrology factor
Factor of the habitat, and the large scale envirment factor including regional climate is meteorological, determine suitable raw plant species, it is ensured that river
The localization of bank plant, variation；
C. in river course, planting submerged plant is planted: in construction project district, dispersion plantation shock resistance, the submerged plant of resistance to torrent, recover
With reconstruction submerged vegetation；Described submerged plant includes at least one in Potamogetonaceae, Hydrocharctaceae；
D. on river course megalith, erratic boulder, hygrophyte is planted: plant deep root system, water-fast behind exceeding the megalith of the water surface, erratic boulder
A kind of or the combination of two kinds in the Araeceae flooded, JUNCACEAE, recovers and rebuilds megalith, erratic boulder phytobiocoenose in river course；
E. riparian plant is planted at riverbank Waterfront areas: the shore bank band plantation resistance to erosion of meeting between flood level ordinary water level and 2 years one,
Resistance to water logging, the emergent aquactic plant of deep root system and wetland plant, described emergent aquactic plant and wetland plant include JUNCACEAE, Cyperaceae,
At least one in aroid, the emergent aquactic plant group recovered with rebuild shore bank band, recover mountain river erosion resistibility,
Improve water quality of river, provide multiple habitat for propagulum and animal；
F. riverbank arbor, shrub and herbaceous plant are recovered in Riparian Zone: met flood level to 20 years one in Riparian Zone according to 2 years one
Meet the order plantation shrub-arbor of flood level, and with grass family or Cyperaceae herbaceous plant all standing ground storey；Described shrub includes
At least one in Rosaceae, Hamamelidaceae, Urticaceae, Betulaceae, arbor includes in Juglandaceae, Betulaceae, Taxodiaceae extremely
Few one；
G. the management of riverbank vegetation is safeguarded: mountain river gravel after great flood, erratic boulder to submerged plant, river course plant,
The washing away of shore bank plant, destroy after, carry out in time recovering, mending cultivation.
The construction method that mountain river riverbank the most according to claim 1 vegetation ecological recovers, is characterized in that: in step C,
Including at least one in water caltrop, dragon palpus swallow grass, Herba vallisneriae Spiralis.
The construction method that mountain river riverbank the most according to claim 1 vegetation ecological recovers, is characterized in that: in step D,
The plant of plantation includes at least one in Medulla Junci, Rhizoma Acori Graminei, stream sedge.
The construction method that mountain river riverbank the most according to claim 1 vegetation ecological recovers, is characterized in that: step E kind
The plant planted includes stream sedge, Medulla Junci, Rhizoma Acori Graminei；According to river water level, plant builds collocation, forms following shore bank and plant
Thing group: Medulla Junci group, stream sedge group, Rhizoma Acori Graminei group, Medulla Junci and stream sedge group, Medulla Junci and stone Chang
Pu group, stream sedge and Rhizoma Acori Graminei group.
The construction method that mountain river riverbank the most according to claim 1 vegetation ecological recovers, is characterized in that: step F institute
The Riparian vegetation stated recovers to meet flood levels from 2 years one and met between flood level to 20 years one, plant successively deep root system, resistance to erosion and
Two irrigation and drainage wood of fast-growth, high 0.8～1.2m is high, and the fruticeta of hat width diameter 1.3～1.6m, shrub includes Rosaceae, nettle
Fiber crops section, Betulaceae, interior plant, form Huo Ji group, Debregeasia orientalis C. J. Chen group, Ramulus et Folium Adinae Piluliferae group, Wen Mu group of China, lobule Huang
Poplar group, and 2 to 5 kinds of combinations of aforementioned several plant, form line-spacing 100cm, the riverbank shrub community of spacing in the rows 80cm；
In fruticeta away from the outside in river course, build high 1.5～2.0m, the deep root system of the diameter of a cross-section of a tree trunk 1.3 meters above the ground 3～5cm, the arborous layer of resistance to water logging, including
Taxodiaceae, Juglandaceae, the plant of Betulaceae, formation Pterocarya Stenoptera group, western paper birth group, Chi Shan group, and aforementioned three kinds of plants
2 to 3 kinds of plant societys, form line-spacing 150cm, the riverbank arbor group of spacing in the rows 100cm；Lower section time at tree and shrubs
Plant the deep root system draft of grass family or Cyperaceae, use the mode of sowing to plant, after item area consolidation, and plant
After having planted tree and shrubs, according to 500g/20m2Standard plantation.
The construction method that mountain river riverbank the most according to claim 5 vegetation ecological recovers, is characterized in that: in Project Areas
After the consolidation of territory, and after having planted tree and shrubs, deep root system draft is according to 400g-600g/20m2Standard plantation.
The construction method that mountain river riverbank the most according to claim 1 vegetation ecological recovers, is characterized in that:
After riverbank vegetation has been planted, the first quarter notes the invasion problem of alien species.
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