CN115053759A - Staggered grid recovery method for suaeda heteroptera vegetation in coastal wetland - Google Patents
Staggered grid recovery method for suaeda heteroptera vegetation in coastal wetland Download PDFInfo
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- CN115053759A CN115053759A CN202210608611.9A CN202210608611A CN115053759A CN 115053759 A CN115053759 A CN 115053759A CN 202210608611 A CN202210608611 A CN 202210608611A CN 115053759 A CN115053759 A CN 115053759A
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- 241000274938 Suaeda heteroptera Species 0.000 title claims abstract description 99
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 30
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 title claims description 14
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 claims description 31
- 238000009331 sowing Methods 0.000 claims description 14
- 230000000903 blocking effect Effects 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000002955 isolation Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000003895 organic fertilizer Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000013505 freshwater Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000001965 increasing effect Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000002265 prevention Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000002023 wood Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000003973 irrigation Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000002262 irrigation Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 description 17
- 125000006850 spacer group Chemical group 0.000 description 11
- 230000035784 germination Effects 0.000 description 6
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 3
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 241000586290 Suaeda salsa Species 0.000 description 2
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000006731 degradation reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000018109 developmental process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000007943 implant Substances 0.000 description 2
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241000238557 Decapoda Species 0.000 description 1
- 241001465754 Metazoa Species 0.000 description 1
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002708 enhancing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000015784 hyperosmotic salinity response Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 244000005700 microbiome Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000015097 nutrients Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009991 scouring Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000013535 sea water Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007226 seed germination Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000035945 sensitivity Effects 0.000 description 1
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G13/00—Protecting plants
- A01G13/10—Devices for affording protection against animals, birds or other pests
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G7/00—Botany in general
- A01G7/06—Treatment of growing trees or plants, e.g. for preventing decay of wood, for tingeing flowers or wood, for prolonging the life of plants
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of wetland ecological restoration, and particularly relates to a coastal wetland suaeda heteroptera vegetation staggered grid restoration method. The wetland to be restored is arranged through the staggered grids, suaeda heteroptera is planted in the grids for one year, and the degraded wetland is restored through a two-year maintenance mode after planting. The method is based on the natural ecological restoration principle, the suaeda heteroptera degraded area is restored according to a staggered grid mode, a proper habitat for the growth of the suaeda heteroptera is built in the suaeda heteroptera degraded area through continuous management for 2-3 years, and the sustainable development of the suaeda heteroptera community is ensured; the method adopted by the invention is simple and is easy to popularize and apply in a large area.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of wetland ecological restoration, and particularly relates to a coastal wetland suaeda heteroptera vegetation staggered grid restoration method.
Background
The suaeda heteroptera wetland is an important ecological resource and landscape resource in coastal areas, and plays an important role in adjusting regional climate, enhancing flood control and drought resistance, controlling pollution, improving wetland environment, fixing carbon and the like. The Suaeda salsa wetland is positioned at the junction of river sea, river land and sea land, and the sensitivity and the vulnerability of the Suaeda salsa wetland are very outstanding due to the staggering of various ecological systems. In recent years, under the influence of global climate change, human activities and other factors, the suaeda heteroptera community is seriously degraded, vegetation growth is damaged, and a large-area beach phenomenon appears on the wetland. Therefore, the ecological restoration of the degraded suaeda heteroptera wetland is of great significance for improving the ecological environment of the coastal wetland.
The degraded wetland restoration mainly comprises restoration of wetland soil, hydrology, animals, plants, microorganisms and the habitat thereof, and the vegetation restoration is the first work of ecological restoration of the degraded wetland. The wetland vegetation recovery means that the existing vegetation in the wetland ecosystem is protected through an ecological technical means; and on the other hand, the damaged or disappeared plant community is repaired or rebuilt, the structure and the function of the wetland are improved, and the habitat characteristics of the wetland are recovered. The existing technology for recovering the vegetation in the wetland is a planting/regression technology, and the vegetation recovery is mainly completed by adopting a transplanting method, a nutrient planting method, a seed sowing method and the like. Suaeda heteroptera is an annual herbaceous plant, is used as a pioneer plant on the coastal wetland of the Liaoning estuary, and has the characteristics of easy propagation and strong salt tolerance. At present, the degraded suaeda heteroptera wetland is recovered by adopting a transplanting and sowing method. However, the transplanting method is only suitable for recovering small-area or local vegetation, has poor naturalness, high maintenance cost, labor and time consumption and low success rate at present. The seed sowing method is relatively low in cost and easy for large-area operation, but for the wetland in the coastal region, the sowing method is greatly influenced by tide, the seed germination and seedling planting rate is low, and the implementation difficulty is large by simply depending on manual planting. Therefore, a combination method of manual intervention and natural restoration is needed to realize the natural restoration of the large-area suaeda heteroptera.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a method for recovering suaeda heteroptera vegetation staggered grids in a coastal wetland.
In order to achieve the purpose, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
a staggered grid recovery method for Suaeda heteroptera vegetation on coastal wetlands comprises the following steps: the wetland to be restored is arranged through the staggered grids, suaeda heteroptera is planted in the grids for one year, and the degraded wetland is restored through a two-year maintenance mode after planting.
The staggered grids are set to divide the wetland to be repaired into a plurality of grid areas in the transverse and longitudinal directions, and suaeda heteroptera planting areas and spacer areas are distributed in the staggered mode in each grid area, so that the adjacent (transverse and longitudinal) grid area of any one suaeda heteroptera planting area is the spacer area.
The planting areas and the spacing areas are arranged in a grid shape in a staggered mode, and the space (d) and the area (S) of the grid planting areas are designed according to natural conditions, wherein the space (d) is the distance between the planting areas.
The area (S) of the planting area accounts for 35% -65% of the total area of the wetland area to be repaired, in the area with severe natural conditions, the spacing d of the planting areas is reduced, the area ratio of the planting areas (S) is increased, otherwise, the spacing d of the planting areas is increased, and the area ratio of the planting areas (S) is decreased.
And the space (d) and the area (S) of the grid planting area are designed according to the natural condition, and the space (d) and the area (S) of the planting area are set according to the degradation degree of the growth environment of the suaeda heteroptera in the wetland.
Further, it is said that
(1) In spring of the first year, suaeda heteroptera planting areas and spacing areas are alternately distributed in the degraded area of the suaeda heteroptera wetland, and suaeda heteroptera planting is carried out in the planting areas;
(2) surrounding soil retaining ridges with the height of 10-15cm are arranged around the planting areas, and crab-prevention nets with the height of 50-60cm are arranged on the inner sides of the surrounding soil retaining ridges of each cell;
(3) under the condition that the suaeda heteroptera coverage rate of a planting area in the first year reaches 60-80%, removing a soil blocking ridge and a crab prevention net of the planting area before the suaeda heteroptera seeds are mature, so that the seeds in the planting area can be diffused to an isolation area;
(3) in spring of the next year, arranging a surrounding soil ridge and a crab-preventing net on the periphery of the whole treatment area according to the mode of the step (2), and meanwhile, shallowly turning, applying organic fertilizer and irrigating the soil in the isolation area to ensure that the diffused seeds germinate and grow;
(4) in the third year, the natural growth of suaeda heteroptera is taken as the main, and organic fertilizer and irrigation are properly applied according to the growth condition of the suaeda heteroptera.
The enclosing and blocking earth ridge is provided with a notch in advance in the earth ridge in the offshore direction; the mesh size of the crab prevention net is 2-3 mm.
Sowing the suaeda heteroptera in the planting area in a sowing mode, wherein the sowing amount is 20-30 kg/mu, then covering the suaeda heteroptera with 0.3-0.5cm of soil, lightly pressing the suaeda heteroptera with a wood board, and regularly watering fresh water in areas with soil relative humidity less than 50% and high mud flat to keep soil humidity.
The invention has the advantages that:
1. the method is based on the natural ecological restoration principle, restoration is carried out in a degraded area according to a staggered grid mode, a proper habitat for the growth of suaeda heteroptera is built in the degraded area through continuous management for 2-3 years, and the sustainable development of a suaeda heteroptera community is ensured; the method adopted by the invention is simple and is easy to popularize and apply in a large area.
2. The invention adopts the form of staggered grids to recover the vegetation growth of the wetland, and realizes the recovery of suaeda heteroptera in pieces on the basis of constructing an independent habitat suitable for the growth of the suaeda heteroptera.
3. The invention combines artificial planting and natural growth, has low cost and saves manpower and material resources.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is an implementation distribution diagram of a coastal wetland suaeda heteroptera vegetation staggered grid recovery method according to an embodiment of the invention.
Fig. 2 is a layout diagram of the implant region and the isolation region according to embodiment 1 of the present invention.
FIG. 3 is a graph comparing plant density and plant height of the planting area and the isolation area in example 1 of the present invention.
Fig. 4 is a distribution diagram of the implant region and the isolation region in example 2 of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The invention is further explained below with reference to the figures and examples.
According to the invention, through continuous management for 2-3 years, a suitable habitat for the growth of suaeda heteroptera is built in the degraded area, and the sustainable development of the Suaeda heteroptera community is ensured. In the first year, rectangular planting blocks with staggered rows and columns are arranged in a light beach area where suaeda heteroptera is degraded, and blank areas with different sizes are reserved among the blocks according to the degradation condition of the habitat. The germination and growth of the suaeda heteroptera are promoted by constructing surrounding stems for each small block, presetting water inlet and outlet ports, enclosing nets and blocking crabs, and the like, so that the suaeda heteroptera in the area grows in a staggered manner. In the next year, the grid area management is cancelled on the basis of the existing stable suaeda heteroptera community, the peduncle area and the management area are enlarged, and proper shallow plowing and weight increasing are carried out on the blank area to realize natural recovery. In the third year, natural restoration is mainly used, a stable community is basically formed in a restoration area, and the vegetation sparse area is properly replanted. At the same time, the periphery of the recovery area is also improved significantly.
Example 1
The coastal wetland suaeda heteroptera vegetation staggered grid recovery method starts from the spring festival of 2019 and ends in the autumn of 2021. The test site is a Suaeda heteroptera wetland in a corridor of a red Shangjin beach, and a degenerated area where no Suaeda heteroptera grows for many years is selected. The area of the test area is 416m 2 The method comprises the following specific steps:
(1) selecting the suaeda heteroptera plain beach area which is recorded to be not grown for many years, transversely and longitudinally dividing the suaeda heteroptera plain beach area into a plurality of grid areas, and distributing suaeda heteroptera planting areas and spacers in a staggered mode in each grid (see fig. 2), namely, the adjacent (transverse and longitudinal) grid area of any planting area is a spacer, wherein: the area of the planting area 1-4 is 5m multiplied by 10m, the area of the planting areas 5 and 6 is 3m multiplied by 6m, and the total area is 236m 2 (ii) a The area of the spacers 1 and 2 is 5m × 6m, the area of the spacers 3-6 is 3m × 10m, and the total area is 180m 2 。
(2) After the suaeda heteroptera planting areas and the spacing areas are arranged, enclosing ridges with the height of 10cm are arranged around the planting areas, openings are preset on the ridges in the offshore direction (the direction facing the sea), crab-preventing nets with the height of 60cm higher than the ground plane are arranged around the inner sides of the enclosing ridges of each planting area, and the mesh sizes of the crab-preventing nets are 2 mm.
(3) In the first year, suaeda heteroptera is sowed in a sowing mode in a planting area, the sowing quantity is 25 kg/mu, then 0.5cm of soil is covered, a wood board is used for lightly pressing, and fresh water is regularly poured to areas with soil relative humidity less than 50% on a high mud flat to keep soil humidity.
(4) Under the condition that the Suaeda heteroptera grows well in the first year, the enclosing ridge and the crab-prevention net in the planting area are removed before the Suaeda heteroptera seeds are mature, so that the seeds in the planting area are spread to the isolation area under the scouring of wind power and seawater.
(5) In spring of the next year, arranging a surrounding soil blocking ridge on the periphery of the whole treatment area and arranging a crab-prevention net on the inner side of the surrounding soil blocking ridge, wherein the height of the surrounding soil blocking ridge is 10cm, the height of the crab-prevention net is 60cm, the mesh size of the crab-prevention net is 2mm, and meanwhile, shallow turning is carried out on soil in a spacer area by 1-2 cm; fresh water is irrigated to the whole restoration area during the sprouting period of the suaeda heteroptera in spring, and organic fertilizer is applied when the plant height of the suaeda heteroptera is 10-15 cm.
(6) In the third year, the natural growth of suaeda heteroptera is mainly used, the suaeda heteroptera is irrigated in the germination period of spring suaeda heteroptera and in the drought, rainy and humid days in summer when the water cannot be immersed, and organic fertilizer is applied when the plant height of the suaeda heteroptera is 10-15 cm.
Verifying that the germination and growth conditions of suaeda heteroptera are observed after the suaeda heteroptera is sowed. As can be seen from FIG. 3, the density of Suaeda heteroptera in the recovery region reached 85-120 strains/m 2 The plant height reaches 33-35 cm.
Example 2
The coastal wetland suaeda heteroptera vegetation staggered grid recovery method starts from the spring festival of 2019 and ends in the autumn of 2021. The test site is the Suaeda heteroptera wetland of the red beach corridor of the Panjin, and the plant density of the Suaeda heteroptera in nearly 3 years is less than or equal to 3 plants/m 2 The area of the test area is 448m 2 The method comprises the following specific steps:
(1) selecting Suaeda heteroptera plants with the density of less than or equal to 3 plants/m in the last 3 years according to the description 2 The area, it is a plurality of grid areas to cut apart into horizontally and vertically, every grid staggers and lays suaeda heteroptera planting district and compartment, and the planting district lays like fig. 4, namely the adjacent (horizontally and vertically) grid area of arbitrary planting district is the compartment, wherein: the area of the planting areas 1-4 is 3m multiplied by 10m, the area of the planting areas 5, 6 is 5m multiplied by 8m, and the total area is 200m 2 (ii) a The area of the spacers 1 and 2 is 3m × 8m, the area of the spacers 3-6 is 5m × 10m, and the total area is 248m 2 。
(2) After the suaeda heteroptera planting areas and the spacing areas are arranged, enclosing ridges with the height of 15cm are arranged around the planting areas, openings are preset on the ridges in the offshore direction, and crab-prevention nets with the mesh size of 2mm are arranged on the inner sides of the enclosing ridges of each planting area and are 55cm higher than the ground plane.
(3) In the first year, suaeda heteroptera is sowed in a sowing mode in a planting area, the sowing quantity is 20 kg/mu, then 0.3cm of soil is covered, a wood board is used for lightly pressing, and fresh water is regularly poured to areas with soil relative humidity less than 50% on a high mud flat to keep soil humidity.
(4) Under the condition that the suaeda heteroptera grows better in the first year, the enclosing ridge and the crab-preventing net of the planting area are removed before the suaeda heteroptera seeds are ripe, so that the seeds in the planting area can be diffused to the spacer area.
(5) In spring of the next year, arranging a surrounding soil blocking ridge on the periphery of the whole processing area and arranging a crab-prevention net outside the surrounding soil blocking ridge, wherein the height of the surrounding soil blocking ridge is 15cm, the height of the crab-prevention net is 55cm, the mesh size of the crab-prevention net is 2mm, and meanwhile, shallow turning is carried out on soil in a spacer area by 1-2 cm; fresh water is irrigated to the whole restoration area during the germination period of the suaeda heteroptera in spring, and organic fertilizer is applied when the plant height of the suaeda heteroptera is 10-15 cm.
(6) In the third year, the natural growth of suaeda heteroptera is mainly used, the suaeda heteroptera is irrigated in the germination period of spring suaeda heteroptera and in the drought, rainy and humid days in summer when the water cannot be immersed, and organic fertilizer is applied when the plant height of the suaeda heteroptera is 10-15 cm.
And verifying that the germination and growth conditions of the suaeda heteroptera are observed after the suaeda heteroptera is sowed. As can be seen from Table 1, the mean density of Suaeda heteroptera in the recovery area in the third year reached 125 strains/m 2 Above, the plant height reaches more than 35 cm.
Table 1 example 2 comparison of average plant density and plant height of planted and isolated areas
Claims (7)
1. A coastal wetland suaeda heteroptera vegetation staggered grid recovery method is characterized by comprising the following steps: the wetland to be restored is arranged through the staggered grids, suaeda heteroptera is planted in the grids for one year, and the degraded wetland is restored through a two-year maintenance mode after planting.
2. The method for recovering suaeda heteroptera vegetation staggered grids on the coastal wetland according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: the staggered grids are set to divide the wetland to be repaired into a plurality of grid areas in the transverse and longitudinal directions, and suaeda heteroptera planting areas and spacing areas are distributed in the grid areas in a staggered mode, so that the adjacent (transverse and longitudinal) grid areas of any one suaeda heteroptera planting area are the spacing areas.
3. The method for recovering Suaeda heteroptera vegetation from coastal wetlands according to claim 2, which comprises the following steps: the planting areas and the spacing areas are arranged in a grid shape in a staggered mode, and the space (d) and the area (S) of the grid planting areas are designed according to natural conditions, wherein the space (d) is the distance between the planting areas.
4. The method for recovering Suaeda heteroptera vegetation on coastal wetlands according to claim 3, characterized in that: the area (S) of the planting area accounts for 35-65% of the total area of the wetland area to be restored, the space d between the planting areas is reduced in the area with severe natural conditions, the area proportion of the planting areas is increased, otherwise, the space d between the planting areas is increased, and the area proportion of the planting areas is decreased.
5. The method for recovering suaeda heteroptera vegetation from coastal wetlands according to any one of claims 1 to 4, which comprises the following steps:
(1) in spring of the first year, suaeda heteroptera planting areas and spacing areas are alternately distributed in the degraded area of the suaeda heteroptera wetland, and suaeda heteroptera planting is carried out in the planting areas;
(2) surrounding soil retaining ridges with the height of 10-15cm are arranged around the planting areas, and crab-prevention nets with the height of 50-60cm are arranged on the inner sides of the surrounding soil retaining ridges of each cell;
(3) under the condition that the suaeda heteroptera coverage rate of a planting area in the first year reaches 60-80%, removing a soil blocking ridge and a crab prevention net of the planting area before the suaeda heteroptera seeds are mature, so that the seeds in the planting area can be diffused to an isolation area;
(3) in spring of the next year, arranging a surrounding soil ridge and a crab-preventing net on the periphery of the whole treatment area according to the mode of the step (2), and meanwhile, shallowly turning, applying organic fertilizer and irrigating the soil in the isolation area to ensure that the diffused seeds germinate and grow;
(4) in the third year, the natural growth of suaeda heteroptera is taken as the main, and organic fertilizer and irrigation are properly applied according to the growth condition of the suaeda heteroptera.
6. The method for recovering suaeda heteroptera vegetation staggered grids on the coastal wetland according to claim 5, characterized in that: the enclosing and blocking earth ridge is provided with a notch in advance in the earth ridge in the offshore direction; the mesh size of the crab prevention net is 2-3 mm.
7. The method for recovering suaeda heteroptera vegetation staggered grids on the coastal wetland according to claim 5, characterized in that: sowing the suaeda heteroptera in the planting area in a sowing mode, wherein the sowing amount is 20-30 kg/mu, then covering the suaeda heteroptera with 0.3-0.5cm of soil, lightly pressing the suaeda heteroptera with a wood board, and regularly watering fresh water in areas with soil relative humidity less than 50% and high mud flat to keep soil humidity.
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Cited By (1)
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| CN115669300A (en) * | 2022-11-21 | 2023-02-03 | 国家海洋环境监测中心 | Suaeda salsa wetland ecological restoration method suitable for beach culture area |
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