JPH08308376A - Development execution of vegetational growth foundation of bedrock slope - Google Patents
Development execution of vegetational growth foundation of bedrock slopeInfo
- Publication number
- JPH08308376A JPH08308376A JP7144042A JP14404295A JPH08308376A JP H08308376 A JPH08308376 A JP H08308376A JP 7144042 A JP7144042 A JP 7144042A JP 14404295 A JP14404295 A JP 14404295A JP H08308376 A JPH08308376 A JP H08308376A
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- soil
- vegetation
- slope
- growth
- native
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
Links
Landscapes
- Cultivation Of Plants (AREA)
- Pit Excavations, Shoring, Fill Or Stabilisation Of Slopes (AREA)
- Soil Conditioners And Soil-Stabilizing Materials (AREA)
Abstract
Description
【0001】[0001]
【産業上の利用分野】本発明は裸地岩盤法面の植生基盤
の造成に係り、裸地岩盤法面を保護するとともに自然の
植物群生地に復元させる基盤造成工法に関する。BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to the formation of a vegetation base on a bare rock slope, and relates to a base construction method for protecting the bare rock slope and restoring it to a natural plant colony.
【0002】[0002]
【従来の技術】建設工事により出現する裸地岩盤法面
は、そのままでは風化、侵食による表層崩落の発生の危
険がありまた自然景観を損なうため、従来より裸地岩盤
法面を保護し、景観を修復するための緑化植生工法が各
種提案され、実施されている。これらは何れも岩盤法面
に植生培土を客土し、これに生長が早く持続性の強い栽
培種芝草を密に植生して法面を被覆し緑化するものであ
る。2. Description of the Related Art Bare soil rock slopes that appear due to construction work are at risk of surface collapse due to weathering and erosion as they are, and damage the natural landscape. A variety of vegetation methods for revegetation have been proposed and implemented. In all of these, the vegetation soil is applied to the rock slope, and cultivated turfgrass, which is a fast-growing and highly sustainable plant, is densely vegetated on the slope to cover the slope and to be green.
【0003】これを大別すれば、第一に、岩盤法面基盤
にコンクリート法枠(フリーフレーム)を設置し、この
格子状に区切られた領域内に、植生培土を入れた植生袋
を設置し、これに芝草を植生する工法である。コンクリ
ート法枠は、植生袋が滑落するのを防ぐ目的で設置され
るものである。この工法は建設工事によって出現する岩
盤法面の緑化工に広く採用されている。If this is roughly divided, firstly, a concrete frame (free frame) is installed on a rock slope foundation, and a vegetation bag containing vegetation soil is installed in this area divided into a grid pattern. This is the method of vegetation with turfgrass. The concrete method frame is installed to prevent the vegetation bag from sliding down. This method is widely used for revegetation of rock slopes that appear during construction work.
【0004】第二には、岩盤法面基盤に埋設ネットを敷
設して、この上に植生培土(有機質基材が主流)を吹き
付け客土し、これに芝草を植生する工法である。埋設ネ
ットが客土の滑落を防ぐと考えられている。急傾斜岩盤
法面では、客土の安定性の実証が欠けているためこの工
法の採用は限られており、実施例は少ない。Secondly, there is a construction method in which a buried net is laid on a rock slope foundation, vegetative soil (organic base material is the mainstream) is sprayed on the net, and turfgrass is vegetated on the soil. Buried nets are considered to prevent slipping of the soil. As for the steep slope slope, the adoption of this method is limited due to lack of verification of stability of the soil, and there are few examples.
【0005】[0005]
【発明が解決しようとする課題】ところがこれらの緑化
植生工法は次のような問題がある。第一のコンクリート
法枠による工法であるが、袋に詰まった植生培土は法面
の岩盤基盤に密着接着しないため、北海道など積雪寒冷
地の急傾斜法面では、融雪期に植生袋に氷着した雪氷塊
とともに法面から脱落する事態が発生する。また岩盤基
盤に密着していない植生袋の土は土壌に成熟することが
ないので、追施肥などの管理なしには植生の生育を維持
することはできず、ここに自然植生の復元を期待するこ
とはできない。しかも植生袋を法面基盤に安定させるた
めに設置するコンクリート法枠は作業性の点で煩雑でコ
ストも嵩む。However, these greening and vegetation methods have the following problems. This is the first concrete construction method, but since the vegetation burial soil packed in the bag does not adhere to the rock foundation of the slope, it does not adhere to the rock foundation of the slope. A situation occurs in which the snow and ice blocks fall off the slope. In addition, the soil of the vegetation bag that is not in close contact with the bedrock foundation does not mature into the soil, so the growth of vegetation cannot be maintained without management such as additional fertilization, and we expect the restoration of natural vegetation here. It is not possible. Moreover, the concrete method frame installed to stabilize the vegetation bag on the slope is complicated in terms of workability and costly.
【0006】第二の岩盤法面基盤に埋設ネットを敷設し
て吹き付け客土する工法は工事コストの点ではコンクリ
ート法枠による工法に比べて低廉であるが、この工法も
客土する土に土壌の成熟、団粒化に必要な腐植と粘土
(モンモロリナイト)が欠乏しているため、この土は土
壌に成熟する可能性はなく、ここに自然植生の復元を期
待することはできない。[0006] The construction method of laying a buried net on the second rock slope foundation and spraying the soil as a soil is cheaper than the construction method by the concrete method frame in terms of construction cost. Due to the lack of humus and clay (montmorolinite) necessary for maturation and agglomeration of the soil, this soil has no possibility of maturing into soil and restoration of natural vegetation cannot be expected here.
【0007】つまり従来の植生工法は、発芽性が強く生
長が旺盛で持続性の強い栽培種芝草によって、早期に植
生被覆を形成して裸地岩盤法面を保護し修景緑化するこ
とが目的であって、裸地岩盤法面にもとの自然植生の復
元を計ることは考えられておらず、むしろ自然植生の復
元を妨げ絶望にしている。しかしながら、建設工事によ
って出現した裸地岩盤法面の緑化は単に景観の修復の目
的にとどまらず、環境保全、生態系保全の目的をもって
もとの自然植生に復元して後世に遺さなければならない
ものである。そこで本発明の目的は、裸地岩盤法面に生
態学的手法によって自然植生を復元する植生生育基盤を
造成する点にある。[0007] That is, the conventional vegetation method is to form a vegetation cover at an early stage by using a cultivated turfgrass, which has strong germination, strong growth, and strong sustainability, to protect the bare rock surface slope and to green the landscape. However, the restoration of natural vegetation on the bare rock slope is not considered, but rather the restoration of natural vegetation is hindered and desperate. However, the revegetation of bare rock slopes that has emerged due to construction work is not only for the purpose of landscape restoration, but must be restored to the original natural vegetation for the purpose of environmental conservation and ecosystem conservation and left for future generations. Is. Therefore, an object of the present invention is to create a vegetation growth base for restoring natural vegetation on the bare rock slope by an ecological method.
【0008】[0008]
【課題を解決するための手段】前記目的を達成して課題
を達成するため、本発明に係る植生生育基盤の造成工法
は、採取火山性土に木炭粉末、ベントナイト、腐植酸お
よび塩基類を添加混合した植生用土を、8乃至11cm
の厚さで法面岩盤基盤に圧着圧密客土して植生育成基盤
を造成し、当該植生生育基盤表層に早衰退種の芝草と郷
土種植物を疎播種する。[Means for Solving the Problems] In order to achieve the above object and achieve the object, a method for constructing a vegetation growth base according to the present invention is to add charcoal powder, bentonite, humic acid and bases to a collected volcanic soil. 8 to 11 cm of mixed vegetation soil
The vegetation growth base is created by compressing and consolidating soil on the sloped rock base with the thickness of the above, and the early decline turfgrass and native plants are sparsely sown on the surface of the vegetation growth base.
【0009】[0009]
【作用】本発明に係る植生生育基盤の造成工法では、採
取火山性土に木炭粉末、ベントナイト、腐植酸および塩
基類を添加混合した植生用土を客土として使用する。木
炭粉末は採取火山性土の水分保持性を改善し、客土厚を
薄く設計しても植物の生長と土壌微生物の繁殖に必要な
水分と酸素を保持し蓄える。これは微細な多孔質の木炭
粉末の膨大な比表面積の吸着・保持力によってもたらせ
られるものであり、なかでも比表面積の大きい樹皮炭微
粉末の使用が望ましい。ベントナイト(モンモロリナイ
ト)と腐植酸は、土壌の成熟、団粒化、保肥力の増強に
必要な物質であり、これが欠乏している採取火山性土に
添加して保肥力を増強し、土壌の成熟、団粒化を促進す
る。塩基類は植物の生育に必要な養分を補い蓄えるため
に採取火山性土に添加する。In the method of constructing a vegetation growth base according to the present invention, a vegetation soil obtained by adding and mixing charcoal powder, bentonite, humic acid and bases to the collected volcanic soil is used as the guest soil. Charcoal powder improves the water retention of the collected volcanic soil, and retains and stores the water and oxygen required for plant growth and soil microbial growth even if the thickness of the soil is designed to be thin. This is brought about by the adsorbing / holding power of the enormous specific surface area of the fine porous charcoal powder, and it is particularly preferable to use the bark charcoal fine powder having a large specific surface area. Bentonite (Montmorolinite) and humic acid are substances necessary for maturation of soil, aggregation, and enhancement of fertilization capacity, and they are added to the collected volcanic soil that is deficient to enhance fertilization capacity. Promote maturation and aggregation. Bases are added to the collected volcanic soil to supplement and store the nutrients required for plant growth.
【0010】次に本発明に係る造成工法では、法面基盤
に、埋設ネットを敷設することなく、植生用土を例えば
圧搾空気のエネルギによって吹き付け圧着圧密客土す
る。これによって、例えば勾配5分の法面にも厚さ10
cmの客土が滑落、崩落の発生の危険がなく定着し、安
定した植生生育基盤が造成できる。Next, in the construction method according to the present invention, the vegetation soil is sprayed by the energy of the compressed air, for example, without laying an embedded net on the slope foundation to form a pressure-bonded compacted soil. As a result, for example, a slope of 5 minutes has a thickness of 10
The cm soil can be settled without risk of slipping and falling, and a stable vegetation growth base can be created.
【0011】植生生育基盤の土層厚は8〜11cm程度
に設定する。これは図1(「土のはなし」岩田進午著)
に示すように、地表からの深さが8cmを越えれば土の
中の水分の含水率がほぼ一定になることと、これまでに
行った試験工事の結果に基づく。The soil layer thickness of the vegetation growth base is set to about 8 to 11 cm. This is shown in Figure 1 ("Soil story" by Shinho Iwata)
As shown in, the water content of soil becomes almost constant when the depth from the ground surface exceeds 8 cm, and it is based on the results of the test work performed so far.
【0012】また本発明に係る緑化植生法は、植生生育
基盤表層に早衰退種の芝草と郷土種植物を疎播種して、
法面保護に最小限必要な被覆度の植生被覆を形成させ
る。この点は従来の緑化植生法と基本的に異なる。従来
の緑化植生法では発芽性が強く生長が旺盛で持続性の強
い栽培種芝草を密に播種して被覆度の高い植生被覆を形
成させる。ところが持続性の強い栽培種芝草による密な
植生被覆は在来種植物の侵入を妨げ、自然植生の復元の
妨げになる。本発明に係る緑化植生法では、早衰退種の
イタリアン・ライグラスを主体に郷土種植物を疎に播種
して、法面保護の目的を達成するに必要最小限度の植生
被覆を形成させ、イタリアン・ライグラスの衰退にとも
ない在来種植物の侵入を盛んにして自然植生の復元を計
る。Further, in the greening vegetation method according to the present invention, turfgrass of early decline type and native species plants are sparsely sown on the surface layer of the vegetation growth base,
Form a vegetation cover with the minimum required coverage for slope protection. This point is basically different from the conventional vegetation method. In the conventional vegetation method, cultivated turfgrass, which has strong germination, strong growth and strong sustainability, is densely sown to form a highly covered vegetation cover. However, the dense vegetation coverage of highly cultivated turfgrass blocks the invasion of native plants and hinders the restoration of natural vegetation. In the greening vegetation method according to the present invention, predominantly Italian ryegrass is predominantly sown, and native species are sparsely sown to form a minimum vegetation cover necessary to achieve the purpose of slope protection. Along with the decline of ryegrass, the invasion of native plants is promoted to restore the natural vegetation.
【0013】このように本発明に係る植生生育基盤の造
成工法によれば、法面基盤上に埋設ネットの敷設など
の工事が必要ないので、急傾斜法面上の危険を伴う人力
作業が省ける。法面を平坦に形成仕上げる必要がない。
工期が短縮され工事費が削減される。植生用土を圧搾
空気の噴射エネルギで法面に吹き付け圧着圧密客土する
ことによって、勾配5分の法面にも滑落、崩落の危険が
なく安定した植生生育基盤が造成できるので、コンクリ
ート法枠等による工法に比較して施工費が極めて経済的
である。採取火山性土に木炭粉末、ベントナイト、腐
植酸、塩基類を添加して物理的性質と生物化学的性質を
改善した植生用土を客土することによって植物の生育、
土壌微生物の繁殖、土壌の生成・成熟に必要な条件を備
えた植生生育基盤が造成できる。この植生生育基盤に
在来草種の侵入を盛んにするとともに郷土種樹木の導入
を計る植生被覆を形成することによって在来自然植生を
復元することが出来る。As described above, according to the method for constructing a vegetation growth base according to the present invention, there is no need to perform construction such as laying a buried net on the slope base, and therefore manpower-related work involving danger on a steep slope can be omitted. . There is no need to form and finish the slope flat.
Construction period is shortened and construction cost is reduced. By spraying the vegetation soil onto the slope with the blast energy of compressed air and pressing and compressing the soil, it is possible to create a stable vegetation growth base without the risk of slipping or collapsing even on the slope with a slope of 5 minutes. The construction cost is much more economical than the construction method. The growth of plants by adding charcoal powder, bentonite, humic acid, and bases to the collected volcanic soil as a vegetation soil with improved physical and biochemical properties.
It is possible to create a vegetation growth base with the conditions necessary for the reproduction of soil microorganisms and the generation and maturation of soil. Native natural vegetation can be restored by making invasion of native grass species into this vegetation growth base and forming a vegetation cover that measures the introduction of native species trees.
【0014】[0014]
【実施例】以下、添付図面に基づいて本発明の実施例
を、植生用土の組成、植生生育基盤の設計厚、施工法と
生育基盤土層の安定性、急速緑化と郷土種樹木の導入法
に分けて順に説明する。[Examples] Examples of the present invention will now be described with reference to the accompanying drawings. The composition of vegetation soil, the design thickness of the vegetation growth base, the construction method and the stability of the growth base soil layer, the rapid greening and the introduction method of native seed trees. Will be explained in order.
【0015】(1)植生用土の組成 まず本発明の植生生育基盤の造成工法では、採取火山性
土に木炭粉末、ベントナイト、腐植酸および塩基類を添
加混合した植生用土を客土として使用するが、より具体
的には、木炭粉末は比表面積の大きい樹皮炭微粉末を、
ベントナイトはナトリウム含有量が少なく塩基置換容量
の大きい例えば黒石ベントナイトを、腐植酸は塩基置換
容量の大きい例えばニトロフミン酸を、塩基類はアンモ
ニア性窒素、燐酸、カルシウム、苦土、カリ等を用い
る。各成分の添加量を例示すれば次表の通りである。(1) Composition of Vegetation Soil First, in the method for constructing a vegetation growth base of the present invention, vegetation soil obtained by mixing charcoal powder, bentonite, humic acid, and bases with mixed volcanic soil is used as a guest soil. , More specifically, charcoal powder is bark charcoal fine powder with a large specific surface area,
Bentonite is, for example, Kuroishi bentonite having a low sodium content and a large base substitution capacity, humic acid is, for example, nitrohumic acid having a large base substitution capacity, and the bases are ammoniacal nitrogen, phosphoric acid, calcium, magnesia, potassium and the like. The following table shows the added amount of each component.
【0016】[0016]
【表1】 [Table 1]
【0017】[0017]
【表2】 [Table 2]
【0018】尚、次の表は樹林地の性質と樹木の生育状
況との関係を示すものであるが(小林澄治・村井宏・亀
山章編「環境緑化工学」)、表1および表2に示した本
植生用土は、多くの樹種が正常に生育可能とされる同表
の基準2に適合させたものであり、在来郷土種樹木の生
育生長が持続可能であると考えられる。The following table shows the relationship between the properties of the forest land and the growth of the trees (Sumiharu Kobayashi, Hiroshi Murai, Akira Kameyama, "Environmental Greening Engineering"), but Tables 1 and 2 The vegetation soil shown in Fig. 2 is adapted to the standard 2 in the table, which allows many tree species to grow normally, and it is considered that the native native species tree can sustain its growth.
【0019】[0019]
【表3】 [Table 3]
【0020】また本植生用土には、樹木の幼木が生育し
生長を続けるのに必要とする5年分の量の窒素と、この
イオンを飽和する塩基置換容量(CEC)に充当する腐
植酸を追加添加しておく。それは、土壌として未成熟な
生育基盤に導入された樹木が生長を続けるには窒素成分
が不足を来たし、それに対して養分物質の自然の循環が
円滑に行われるようになるまでには5年を要すると考え
られているためである。The soil for the present vegetation contained 5 years worth of nitrogen required for the growth and continued growth of the young trees of the tree, and humic acid equivalent to the base substitution capacity (CEC) for saturating the ions. Is added in advance. It takes five years for the trees introduced into the immature growth base as soil to have a shortage of nitrogen components in order to continue to grow, and for the natural circulation of nutrient substances to take place smoothly. This is because it is considered necessary.
【0021】さらに発芽幼苗生育層用(表1)と生育基
盤層用(表2)として二種類の植生用土を調製したの
は、次の理由による。図2および図3は土壌の生成と植
物群落の移り変わり(前田正男・松尾嘉郎共著「土壌の
基礎知識」)と、切り取り法面緑化施工後の植生遷移状
況(小林澄治・吉田博宣・森本幸裕共著「斜面緑化」)
を示す図である。裸地岩盤法面に在来の木本類植生を復
元するには、天然の岩石上に土壌が生成熟成して植物群
落の移り変わる過程(図2)の草本期から低木林期の土
壌層(同図〜)に相当する生育基盤を造成し、草本
類を生育させて植生遷移をスタートさせ、数年から数十
年にわたる植物と土壌微生物の生命活動による土壌の熟
成と蓄積に応じた植物群落移り変わりに待つしかない。
しかしながら、これでは図3から明らかなように在来種
樹林が成立するまでに十数年を要する。Further, two kinds of vegetation soils were prepared for the germinated seedling growth layer (Table 1) and the growth base layer (Table 2) for the following reasons. Figures 2 and 3 show the generation of soil and the transition of plant communities (Masao Maeda and Yoshio Matsuo, “Basic knowledge of soil”), and the transition of vegetation after cutting slope greening (Sumiharu Kobayashi, Hironobu Yoshida, Yukihiro Morimoto). (Co-authored "Slope greening")
FIG. To restore native woody vegetation on bare rock slopes, soil layers from the herbaceous stage to the shrub forest stage in the process of plant soil aging and plant community transition (Fig. 2) Plants that respond to soil maturation and accumulation due to life activities of plants and soil microorganisms over several years to several decades by creating a growth base corresponding to (Figure 1), growing herbs and starting vegetation transition There is no choice but to wait for the changing of the community.
However, in this case, as is clear from Fig. 3, it takes ten years or more for a native species forest to be established.
【0022】そこで本工法では、裸地岩盤法面に図4に
示す植生遷移過程の低木林期の土層に相当する生育基盤
を造成し、ここに郷土種樹木の幼木を生育、生長させ植
生遷移を展開させることを考える。そのため、種子を入
れて客土する有機物(堆肥)を混入した発芽・幼苗生育
層用の植生用土(表1、以下「A層土」と称する)と、
種子、有機物(堆肥)を混入しない生育基盤層用の植生
用土(表2、以下「B層土」と称する)を調製する。Therefore, in this method, a growth base corresponding to the soil layer in the shrub forest period of the vegetation transition process shown in FIG. 4 is created on the bare rock slope, and young trees of native species trees are grown and grown there. Consider developing vegetation transition. Therefore, the vegetation soil for the germination / seedling growth layer (Table 1, hereinafter referred to as “A layer soil”) mixed with organic matter (compost) containing seeds and soil
A vegetation soil (Table 2, hereinafter referred to as "B layer soil") for a growth base layer that does not mix seeds and organic matter (compost) is prepared.
【0023】(2)植生生育基盤の設計厚 先に述べたように樹皮炭微粉末によって水分保持力を強
化、改善した植生用土を用いて造成する植生生育基盤の
厚さを8cmとし、図4に示すように、基盤岩石層11
上に、B層土厚5cmの生育基盤層12と、その上にA
層土厚3cmの発芽・幼苗生育層13からなる植生生育
基盤を造成する。(2) Design Thickness of Vegetation Growth Base As described above, the thickness of the vegetation growth base is 8 cm, which is created by using the vegetation soil in which the water retention capacity is enhanced by the bark charcoal fine powder and is improved. As shown in, the basement rock layer 11
Layer B, 5 cm thick, is the growth base layer 12, and A is on it.
A vegetation growth base consisting of a germination and seedling growth layer 13 with a layer soil thickness of 3 cm is created.
【0024】(3)施工法と生育基盤土層の安定性 工事現場で図5に示すように、ミキサー15で泥液状に
混練した植生用土を、圧力ポンプで吹付箇所までホース
16で圧送し、吐出口18でコンプレッサからホース1
7を通して送られる圧搾空気を噴射してこのエネルギで
法面岩盤基盤11に吹き付け圧着、圧密客土する。この
とき土粒子の運動エネルギEは、土粒子の質量をw、噴
射時の速度をvとして、次式の通りとなる。(3) Construction Method and Stability of Growth Foundation Soil Layer As shown in FIG. 5 at the construction site, the vegetation soil kneaded in a mud liquid by the mixer 15 is pressure-fed to the spraying point by the hose 16 by the pressure pump, From the compressor at the outlet 18 to the hose 1
Compressed air sent through 7 is sprayed, and this energy is blown onto the sloped rock foundation 11 for pressure bonding and compaction. At this time, the kinetic energy E of the soil particles is as follows, where w is the mass of the soil particles and v is the velocity at the time of jetting.
【0025】[0025]
【数1】 [Equation 1]
【0026】植生用土はこの土粒子の運動エネルギEに
よって、法面岩盤基盤11に圧着し層状に圧密客土さ
れ、法面岩盤基盤11上に定着し、安定した植生生育基
盤が造成される。By the kinetic energy E of the soil particles, the vegetation soil is pressure-bonded to the sloped rock foundation 11 to form a layered compacted soil, which is settled on the sloped rock foundation 11 to form a stable vegetation growth foundation.
【0027】また本施工法によれば、法面基盤上に埋設
ネットを敷設する必要がなく、勾配5分の急斜面にも厚
さ10cmの植生生育基盤が滑落、崩落の発生の危険が
なく定着安定する。これは次の安定計算で確かめられ
る。図6を参照して、土層の深さをh、土層の重量を
w、土の単位重量をγ、法面の傾斜角をα、土の内部摩
擦角をφ、土粒子に加わる垂直荷重をσ、土粒子間に加
わる間隙水圧をμ、土の強度常数をCとすると、土層が
滑ろうとする力sは次式の通りとなる。Further, according to this construction method, it is not necessary to lay an embedded net on the slope base, and a vegetation growth base with a thickness of 10 cm slips even on a steep slope with a slope of 5 minutes and is established without the risk of collapse. Stabilize. This can be confirmed by the following stable calculation. 6, depth of soil layer is h, weight of soil layer is w, unit weight of soil is γ, slope angle of slope is α, internal friction angle of soil is φ, vertical to soil particles When the load is σ, the pore water pressure applied between soil particles is μ, and the strength constant of soil is C, the force s at which the soil layer tries to slip is given by the following equation.
【0028】[0028]
【数2】 [Equation 2]
【0029】また土のせん断抵抗力τは次式の通りとな
る。The shear resistance τ of soil is given by the following equation.
【0030】[0030]
【数3】 (Equation 3)
【0031】土層の安定条件はs≦τであるから、数2
および数3より次式が成立する。Since the stability condition of the soil layer is s ≦ τ,
And the following equation holds from the equation (3).
【0032】[0032]
【数4】 [Equation 4]
【0033】w=γ・h、σ=γ・h・cosαである
から、数4は次式の通りとなる。Since w = γh and σ = γhcos α, equation 4 is as follows.
【0034】[0034]
【数5】 (Equation 5)
【0035】したがって土層の限界深度hは、次式の通
りとなる。Therefore, the limit depth h of the soil layer is as follows.
【0036】[0036]
【数6】 (Equation 6)
【0037】土層の限界深度までの厚さの客土は、急傾
斜法面基盤上に滑落や崩壊の危険がなく定着し安定す
る。勾配(α)の法面上の土層の限界深度(h)を算出
する。 吹付施工時、融雪期(植生用土の含水状態は飽和度1
00%) 飽和度を変えた土のせん断試験(小林澄治・吉田博宣・
森本幸裕 共著 斜面緑化)より飽和度100%,C=
10g/cm2とし、φ=0、μ=0、γ=1.6g/
cm3として法面勾配(α)が1割(45度)、8分
(52度)および5分(63度)のときの限界深度
(h)は、それぞれ8.8cm,7.9cm,7.0c
mとなる。The soil having a thickness up to the critical depth of the soil layer is settled and stabilized on the steeply sloped foundation without the risk of slipping or collapsing. The critical depth (h) of the soil layer on the slope (α) slope is calculated. During spraying, during the snowmelt season (the water content of vegetation soil is saturated 1
00%) Shear test of soil with varying degree of saturation (Sumiharu Kobayashi, Hironobu Yoshida,
From Yukihiro Morimoto co-authored slope greening), 100% saturation, C =
10 g / cm 2 , φ = 0, μ = 0, γ = 1.6 g /
slope gradient (alpha) is 10% as cm 3 (45 °), the limit depth (h) in the case of 8 minutes (52 °) and 5 minutes (63 °), respectively 8.8 cm, 7.9 cm, 7 .0c
m.
【0038】芝草の根が生長した状態(植生用土の含
水状態は飽和度100%に近い) 根系量とせん断強さ(小林澄治・吉田博宣・森本幸裕
共著 斜面緑化)より湿潤状態(飽和に近い状態)C=
12g/cm2、φ=20.4度とし、μ=0、γ=
1.6g/cm3として、法面勾配(α)が1割(45
度)、8分(52度)および5分(63度)のときの限
界深度(h)は、それぞれ16cm,13cm,10c
mとなる。A state in which roots of turfgrass have grown (moisture content of vegetation soil is close to 100% saturation) Root system quantity and shear strength (Sumiji Kobayashi, Hironobu Yoshida, Yukihiro Morimoto)
Co-authored slope greening) Wet condition (close to saturation) C =
12 g / cm 2 , φ = 20.4 degrees, μ = 0, γ =
Assuming 1.6 g / cm 3 , the slope (α) is 10% (45
Degrees), 8 minutes (52 degrees) and 5 minutes (63 degrees) limit depths (h) are 16 cm, 13 cm and 10 c, respectively.
m.
【0039】したがって法面基盤に客土を定着安定させ
るために埋設ネットの敷設などの工事は必要なく、客土
自体のせん断抵抗力・強度によって勾配5分(63度)
の法面でも吹付施工時に7cmの厚さの客土が定着安定
し、芝草の根が生長した状態では10cmの厚さの客土
が定着することが確かめられる。また従来の吹付工法で
は滑落防止を目的に埋設ネットを敷設して施工されてい
るが、先の安定計算によれば、埋設ネットの効果は土の
強度定数(C)を大きくすることでなければならない。
これは土中のネットと土粒子の付着力によることになる
が、飽和度100%の土とネットとの付着力は零に等し
い。従って埋設ネットには土の強度定数(C)を大きく
する効果はなく、埋設ネットは無用である。Therefore, construction such as laying a buried net is not necessary to fix and stabilize the soil on the slope foundation, and the slope is 5 minutes (63 degrees) depending on the shear resistance and strength of the soil itself.
It is confirmed that the soil with a thickness of 7 cm is stable and stable when spraying, and the soil with a thickness of 10 cm is stable when the grass roots grow. Moreover, in the conventional spraying method, a buried net is laid for the purpose of preventing slippage, but according to the above stability calculation, the effect of the buried net is that the strength constant (C) of the soil must be increased. I won't.
This depends on the adhesive force between the net and soil particles in the soil, but the adhesive force between the soil and the net having a saturation of 100% is equal to zero. Therefore, the buried net has no effect of increasing the soil strength constant (C), and the buried net is useless.
【0040】(4)急速緑化と郷土種樹木の導入法 本工法では、早衰退種の芝草を主体に郷土種植物を疎播
種するが、これは次のような考えに基づく。裸地法面の
風化や凍結融解による侵食を防止する法面保護には、法
面を植生で被覆するのが最も効果的であり、それには発
芽生長の早い栽培用の芝草による急速緑化が有効であ
る。また初期植生による被覆が密なほど侵食防止の効果
が大きく、緻密なルートマットが形成され法面の安定性
は増す。このため法面の侵食防止と安定を目的として急
速緑化による密な植生被覆が行われてきた。しかしなが
ら、初期植生が衰退せず優勢であれば在来種植物の侵入
が妨げられ、反対に初期植生の衰退が早ければ在来種植
物の侵入が盛んになることが前記図3から明らかであ
る。そこで自然植生を復元するために在来種植物の侵入
を盛んにするには、栽培種芝草による植生被覆を急速緑
化の目的達成に必要な最小限の被覆度に抑え、早期に衰
退する草種で植生被覆を形成しなければならない。(4) Rapid greening and introduction method of native species trees In this method, native species plants are sparsely sown mainly on early-declining turfgrass, which is based on the following idea. Covering slopes with vegetation is the most effective way to protect slopes from weathering of bare ground slopes and erosion due to freezing and thawing, and rapid greening by turfgrass for fast-growing cultivation is effective. Is. In addition, the denser the cover with the initial vegetation, the greater the effect of preventing erosion, and the more dense the root mat is formed, the more stable the slope is. For this reason, dense vegetation covering by rapid greening has been performed for the purpose of preventing erosion and stabilizing the slope. However, it is clear from FIG. 3 that if the early vegetation does not decline and is predominant, the invasion of the native plant is prevented, and conversely if the early vegetation declines early, the invasion of the native plant becomes active. . Therefore, in order to intensify the invasion of native species plants to restore natural vegetation, the vegetation cover of cultivated turfgrass should be limited to the minimum degree of coverage necessary for the purpose of rapid greening, and grass species that decline early. Must form a vegetation cover.
【0041】図7はケンタッキー31・フェスク子苗本
数と降雨による侵食土量の関係を示す図である(倉田益
二郎著「緑化工技術」)。同図は1m2当たり3000
本生えておれば、侵食土量は裸地の1/5となり、本数
がこれ以上増しても侵食土量はそれほど減らないことを
示している。また次表は法面草(レッドフェスク)の被
覆密度と侵食土量の実験結果を示す(倉田益二郎著「緑
化工技術」)。同表は草の葉による地表面の被覆度が9
0%になれば侵食土量は10%に減り、被覆度が100
%になれば侵食はほとんど起こらないことを示してい
る。FIG. 7 is a diagram showing the relationship between the number of Kentucky 31 fescue seedlings and the amount of soil eroded by rainfall (Masujiro Kurata "Greening Technology"). The figure shows 3000 per 1 m 2 .
If grown, the amount of eroded soil will be one-fifth that of bare soil, indicating that the amount of eroded soil will not decrease so much even if the number of soils increases. In addition, the following table shows the experimental results of the covering density and the amount of eroded soil of the slope grass (red fescue) (Masujiro Kurata "Greening Technology"). The table shows that the coverage of the ground surface by grass leaves is 9
When it reaches 0%, the amount of eroded soil decreases to 10% and the coverage is 100%.
% Indicates that erosion hardly occurs.
【0042】[0042]
【表4】 [Table 4]
【0043】これに基づいて、法面に芝草が1m2当た
り3000本成立していれば急速緑化の目的は達成され
ると考え、衰退の早い栽培用草種のイタリアン・ライグ
ラスを主体に郷土種草(よもぎ、いたどり)を1m2当
たり3000本の成立を計画して次表の混合種子を播種
し初期植生被覆を形成する。尚、種子の有効率は同表の
発芽率より大幅に下がることを前提にして種子の設計を
した。Based on this, it is considered that the objective of rapid greening can be achieved if 3000 grasses per m 2 are formed on the slope, and it is a native species mainly based on Italian ryegrass, which is a grass for cultivation that rapidly declines. It plans to establish 3000 grasses (mugwort and pests) per 1 m 2 and sows the mixed seeds shown in the following table to form an initial vegetation cover. The seeds were designed on the assumption that the effective rate of seeds is significantly lower than the germination rate shown in the table.
【0044】[0044]
【表5】 [Table 5]
【0045】郷土種樹木の導入は、当該植生生育基盤の
深さが8cmと浅いこと、大きな面積の急斜面であるこ
とから、人力による苗木の植栽は困難であり、機械力に
よる播種によらざるを得ない。しかしながら、草本類の
植生で被覆された法面に木本の侵入は進まず、草本類と
木本の混播は難しいとされている。木本は発芽および生
長が遅く、生長の早い草本類に被圧され負けてしまうか
らである。裸地法面の保護植生工はその目的から生長の
早い芝草によって早期に被覆しなければならないが、こ
の植生被覆法面に木本の侵入を期待することは出来ない
し、混播は成功を期待することが出来ない。Since the depth of the vegetation growth base is as shallow as 8 cm and the steep slope has a large area, it is difficult to plant native seedlings, and it is difficult to plant seedlings by manpower, and seeding by mechanical power is not possible. I don't get. However, it is said that the invasion of woody plants does not progress on the slope covered with vegetation of herbs and it is difficult to sow grasses and woody plants together. This is because woody plants germinate and grow slowly, and they are overwhelmed by fast-growing herbs and lose. Protective vegetation on bare slopes must be covered early with turfgrass that grows fast for that purpose, but we cannot expect woods to invade this vegetation slope and hope for successful seeding. I can't.
【0046】そこで本工法では、郷土種樹木の導入法と
して、草本類の被覆面積を例えば全体の90%程度にし
て残りの面積を郷土種樹木の種子を播種するゾーンに分
割する。具体的には図8に示すように、生長の旺盛な芝
草の被圧を避ける樹木の専有領域として例えば直径1m
程度の円形のゾーン25を法面にランダムに配置する。
このゾーン25の総面積を全体の10%とすれば、10
0m2の法面積に12箇所設置される。このゾーン25
に郷土種樹木の種子を混入したA層土を吹付客土し、残
りの法面部分26に草本類の種子を混入したA層土を吹
付客土する。このようにすれば、急速緑化の目的が達成
されるとともに、発芽生長の遅い郷土種樹木の種子、幼
苗も芝草の被圧を受けることなく発芽し生長して、数年
後には図9に示すような郷土種植物の樹木が成立し、在
来自然植生の復元が期待できる。Therefore, in this method, as a method of introducing native seed trees, the coverage area of herbs is set to, for example, about 90% of the whole, and the remaining area is divided into zones where seeds of native seed trees are sown. Specifically, as shown in FIG. 8, a diameter of 1 m, for example, is used as an exclusive area of a tree for avoiding the pressure of turfgrass that is actively growing.
Circular zones 25 of a certain degree are randomly arranged on the slope.
If the total area of this zone 25 is 10% of the total, 10
Twelve places will be installed in the 0 m 2 square area. This zone 25
The A layer soil mixed with the seeds of the native species tree is sprayed onto the soil, and the remaining slope portion 26 is the soil layer A mixed with the seeds of herbs to be sprayed on. In this way, the purpose of rapid greening is achieved, and the seeds and seedlings of the native species tree with slow germination growth also germinate and grow without being subjected to the pressure of turfgrass. Such native species of trees have been established, and the restoration of native vegetation can be expected.
【0047】[0047]
【発明の効果】以上説明したように本発明に係る岩盤法
面の植生生育基盤の造成工法によれば、裸地岩盤法面に
元の郷土種植物を回復させることができ、在来自然植生
の復元が可能となる。As described above, according to the method for constructing a vegetation growth base for a rock slope according to the present invention, it is possible to restore the original native plant to the slope of the bare rock surface, and the native natural vegetation can be restored. Can be restored.
【図1】土の中の水分量を示す線図である。FIG. 1 is a diagram showing the amount of water in soil.
【図2】土壌の生成と植物群落の移り変わりを示す図で
ある。FIG. 2 is a diagram showing the generation of soil and the transition of plant communities.
【図3】切り取り法面緑化施工後の植生遷移状況を示す
図である。FIG. 3 is a diagram showing a vegetation transition state after cutting slope greening construction.
【図4】本発明の工法により造成する植生生育基盤
(a)と植生遷移過程の低木林期の土層(b)を模式的
に示す図である。FIG. 4 is a diagram schematically showing a vegetation growth base (a) created by the method of the present invention and a soil layer (b) during a vegetation transition process during a shrub forest period.
【図5】本発明に係る植生生育基盤造成の施工法を模式
的に示す図である。FIG. 5 is a diagram schematically showing a construction method for creating a vegetation growth base according to the present invention.
【図6】急勾配法面上に形成された土層を示す断面図で
ある。FIG. 6 is a cross-sectional view showing a soil layer formed on a steep slope.
【図7】子苗本数と流出土量との関係を示す図である。FIG. 7 is a diagram showing a relationship between the number of seedlings and the amount of runoff soil.
【図8】本発明に係る造成工法の一施工例(施工後初
期)を示す模式図である。(a)は法面正面図、(b)
は法面側面図である。[Fig. 8] Fig. 8 is a schematic view showing one construction example (early after construction) of the construction method according to the present invention. (A) is a front view of the slope, (b)
Is a side view of the slope.
【図9】本発明に係る造成工法の一施工例(施工後数年
後)を示す模式図である。(a)は法面正面図、(b)
は法面側面図である。FIG. 9 is a schematic view showing one construction example (several years after construction) of the construction method according to the present invention. (A) is a front view of the slope, (b)
Is a side view of the slope.
11 法面基盤 12 生育基盤層(B層土) 13 種子発芽・幼苗生育層(A層土) 15 ミキサー 16 圧搾空気ホース 17 泥土状植生用土圧送ホース 18 吐出口 25 郷土種樹木播種ゾーン 26 草本類播種ゾーン 11 Slope foundation 12 Growth base layer (B layer soil) 13 Seed germination and seedling growth layer (A layer soil) 15 Mixer 16 Compressed air hose 17 Soil pressure feed hose for mud vegetation 18 Discharge port 25 Local species Tree sowing zone 26 Herbs Seeding zone
Claims (1)
腐植酸および塩基類を添加混合した植生用土を、8乃至
11cmの厚さで法面岩盤基盤に圧着圧密客土し、当該
客土表層に早衰退種の芝草と郷土種植物を疎播種し、生
態学的手法によって自然植生を復元することを特徴とす
る植生生育基盤の造成工法。1. Charcoal powder, bentonite,
Vegetative soil mixed with humic acid and bases is pressed and compacted on the slope bedrock with a thickness of 8 to 11 cm, and sown grass of early decline species and native plants are sparsely sown on the surface layer of the soil. A method of constructing a vegetation growth base characterized by restoring natural vegetation by an ecological method.
Priority Applications (1)
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---|---|---|---|
JP7144042A JPH08308376A (en) | 1995-05-17 | 1995-05-17 | Development execution of vegetational growth foundation of bedrock slope |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
JP7144042A JPH08308376A (en) | 1995-05-17 | 1995-05-17 | Development execution of vegetational growth foundation of bedrock slope |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
JPH08308376A true JPH08308376A (en) | 1996-11-26 |
Family
ID=15352975
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JP7144042A Withdrawn JPH08308376A (en) | 1995-05-17 | 1995-05-17 | Development execution of vegetational growth foundation of bedrock slope |
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JP (1) | JPH08308376A (en) |
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1995
- 1995-05-17 JP JP7144042A patent/JPH08308376A/en not_active Withdrawn
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JP2006104755A (en) * | 2004-10-05 | 2006-04-20 | Toko Corp | Vegetation restoring method of bare land |
JP4520810B2 (en) * | 2004-10-05 | 2010-08-11 | 東興ジオテック株式会社 | How to restore vegetation in bare land |
JP2010000052A (en) * | 2008-06-23 | 2010-01-07 | Japan Conservation Engineers Co Ltd | Construction method for recovering forest function |
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CN111670628A (en) * | 2020-04-27 | 2020-09-18 | 广东电网有限责任公司 | Method for rapid ecological restoration of mountain tower footing |
CN112616580A (en) * | 2020-12-31 | 2021-04-09 | 大连地拓环境科技有限公司 | Spray-seeding repair method for loose stone side slope |
CN113133380A (en) * | 2021-05-17 | 2021-07-20 | 兰州大学 | Ecological restoration method for cold and arid region side slope and abandoned mine |
CN113133380B (en) * | 2021-05-17 | 2023-11-28 | 兰州大学 | Ecological restoration method for side slopes and abandoned mines in cold and dry areas |
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CN114541422A (en) * | 2022-01-24 | 2022-05-27 | 云南农业大学 | Ecological restoration substrate for high-cold high-steep mine side slope |
CN114541422B (en) * | 2022-01-24 | 2023-11-10 | 云南农业大学 | Ecological restoration substrate for high-cold high-steep mine slope |
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