CN114737580B - Ecological restoration method for side slope of grassland area - Google Patents
Ecological restoration method for side slope of grassland area Download PDFInfo
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
- E02D17/00—Excavations; Bordering of excavations; Making embankments
- E02D17/20—Securing of slopes or inclines
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G20/00—Cultivation of turf, lawn or the like; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G20/10—Pre-cultivated sod or turf; Apparatus therefor
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- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
- D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
- D04H1/00—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres
- D04H1/40—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties
- D04H1/42—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties characterised by the use of certain kinds of fibres insofar as this use has no preponderant influence on the consolidation of the fleece
- D04H1/425—Cellulose series
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- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
- D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
- D04H1/00—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres
- D04H1/40—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties
- D04H1/44—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties the fleeces or layers being consolidated by mechanical means, e.g. by rolling
- D04H1/46—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties the fleeces or layers being consolidated by mechanical means, e.g. by rolling by needling or like operations to cause entanglement of fibres
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
- E02D17/00—Excavations; Bordering of excavations; Making embankments
- E02D17/20—Securing of slopes or inclines
- E02D17/202—Securing of slopes or inclines with flexible securing means
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
- E02D3/00—Improving or preserving soil or rock, e.g. preserving permafrost soil
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
- E02D3/00—Improving or preserving soil or rock, e.g. preserving permafrost soil
- E02D3/005—Soil-conditioning by mixing with fibrous materials, filaments, open mesh or the like
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
- Y02P60/20—Reduction of greenhouse gas [GHG] emissions in agriculture, e.g. CO2
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Abstract
The invention relates to the field of grassland ecological restoration, in particular to a grassland area side slope ecological restoration method. The ecological restoration method for the side slope in the grassland area provided by the invention adopts a composite fiber net formed by alternately laying a cotton fiber net and a modified coconut fiber net to be used for fixing seeds and keeping water and soil. The modified coconut shell Bao Qian net has extremely strong water and fertilizer retaining capability, can well retain water and nutrients required by seed germination and growth, has stronger deformation resistance, can effectively prevent deformation of the composite fiber net, and can provide nutrition for seed growth along with natural decomposition. The cotton thin fiber net and the coconut thin fiber net are alternately paved to form the composite fiber net, so that the growth of plant root systems is facilitated, the effect of fixing the plant root systems is achieved, mechanized production can be realized, paving construction is convenient and quick, compared with concrete square grids, cost is low, construction is more convenient, and the ecological state of a side slope in a grassland area can be completely restored to the original state.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of grassland ecological restoration, in particular to a grassland area side slope ecological restoration method.
Background
The grassland upstream of the Yangtze river is an important ecological functional area, is an important barrier for the ecology of the national forest grassland wetland, and is also one of the fragile areas with high primordia. Large area de-sanding and pit bottom (pit) phenomena occur due to the influence of geographical location, climate change, population development, animal overload, reclamation, mining and other artifacts.
The soil bioengineering-slope ecological restoration technology is a new technology for effectively restoring the slope ecology of the grassland. The soil bioengineering is a bioengineering based on reliable soil engineering, namely, an integrated engineering technology for constructing various side slopes (mountain slopes, river and lake banks, coastal banks and the like) by adopting living plants and other auxiliary materials, realizing the functions of stabilizing the side slopes, reducing water and soil loss, improving habitat and the like. The method for stabilizing the side slope by utilizing plants is old, and is an important engineering means for side slope stabilization, erosion control and habitat restoration in the United states for nearly 20 years.
Ecological restoration effects and effects of soil bioengineering have been increasingly recognized. Modern soil bioengineering requires the application of ecology principles, makes careful investigation and design to actual plants and soil systems, utilizes the reinforcement of plants to soil structures, limits the movement of surface soil particles, and acts on the improvement of slope ecosystems, not only can stabilize slopes and control water and soil loss, but also can ensure reasonable horizontal and vertical structures of slope vegetation, orderly succession of ecosystems and beautiful landscapes. Technical, ecological, economic and aesthetic advantages of soil bioengineering are evident compared to conventional engineering techniques. Of course, the soil bioengineering cannot completely replace the traditional engineering technology, and in engineering practice, the soil bioengineering and the soil bioengineering are usually combined and mutually perfected.
At present, the ecological engineering technology research in China has been carried out in depth and in depth in southwest, northwest and other places of China, the ecological slope greening protection technology in China is mainly practiced and innovated on the basis of introducing foreign advanced technology, and the core is vegetation reconstruction and restoration technology, such as vegetation concrete slope protection technology, which is internationally leading in Japanese research, and is in the test and popularization stage in China. Mixing soil, concrete, nutrients, a water-retaining agent, humus and grass seeds according to a certain proportion, spraying the mixture onto a slope by using an anchor spraying device, covering a protective layer on the surface for maintenance, and removing the protective layer after the seeds germinate to enable the plants to grow naturally. The method can be used for planting shrubs and trees on the slope, and the slope protection effect is better than that of pure planting herbaceous plants, so that the method can be used for stone slopes which are difficult to afforest or slopes with barren surface soil layers. The method has the defects that the construction cost of the concrete square is high, the water retention capacity is poor, and the ecology of the side slope cannot be completely restored.
In the current stage, research on technology in northwest areas of China is relatively deficient, compared with the related technology of vegetation slope restoration under the side slope environment conditions of desert, collapsible loess and the like, and compared with foreign countries, the related research in China is shallower and needs to be improved. In the engineering design and construction implementation of collapsible loess slope and foundation in northwest areas at present, the standard requirements of slope protection repair and ecological protection engineering for vegetation on the slope are generally low. New materials, new processes, new technologies, new solutions, new concepts and matched construction equipment are required to be introduced actively, so that scientific research level of loess ecological slope vegetation recovery in China is improved, the vegetation recovery quality in China is improved, and practice and application of collapsible loess slope vegetation recovery engineering are guided scientifically. Further ensuring the successful implementation of vegetation slope restoration in collapsible loess slope engineering construction in the future, and actively promoting the gradual conversion of the collapsible loess slope engineering slope construction of China from the guaranteed type to the ecological environment-friendly type and the implementation of the environment-friendly type.
CN 113417251A discloses a river course adds compound ecological bank protection of gabion geotechnique cloth that permeates water, including the geotechnique cloth that covers on the river course side slope, geotechnique cloth intussuseption is filled with soil and grass seed, utilizes grass seed root system and geotechnique cloth to protect the river course side slope jointly and makes it avoid the rainwash, and geotechnique cloth's surface is equipped with a plurality of hold-down mechanism and kicking block mechanism, reaches the effect of firm soil layer, reduces the not hard up of soil, increases ecological bank protection's structural stability. The fertilizer and water retention capacity of geotextiles and the influence on the growth of plant root systems are not considered.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects existing in the prior art, the invention provides a grassland area side slope ecological restoration method.
A grassland area side slope ecological restoration method comprises three parts: soil improvement, seed net laying and vegetation planting.
Preferably, the ecological restoration method for the side slope of the grassland area comprises the following steps:
(1) Soil improvement: firstly cleaning the waste impurities on site, loosening soil layers with the thickness of 8-12cm, and then applying inorganic fertilizer with the fertilizing amount of 12-18kg per mu to obtain improved soil;
(2) And (3) laying a net: paving a layer of degradable fiber cloth on the surface of the soil modified in the step (1), and fixing the degradable fiber cloth by bamboo strips to form a grid of 50cm x 50 cm;
(3) Sowing grass seeds in the grids obtained in the step (2), then sprinkling water and covering a layer of soil layer with the thickness of 4-6cm, and finally carrying out leveling, water retaining, drainage, backflow, confluence and paving of irrigation supporting facilities.
The grass seed is one or two or more of herba Saussureae Involueratae, herba Lespedezae Cuneatae, herba Artemisiae Annuae, radix astragali, splendid achnatherum, herba Cymbopogonis Citrari, herba Melastomatis Candii, acid-proof grass, fructus Mangifera Indicae, and rhizoma Imperatae, and the spreading amount is 25-40 kg/hectare.
The water sprinkling amount is 15-20L/m 2 。
The preparation method of the degradable fiber cloth comprises the following steps:
s1, cotton fibers are sent into an opener for opening, so that large fiber bundles or fiber blocks, clusters and the like are loosened into small bundles, and then are carded into a cotton thin fiber net composed of evenly stretched single fibers by a carding machine;
s2, delivering the modified coconut fibers into an opener for opening to enable large fiber bundles or fiber blocks, clusters and the like to be loosened into small bundles, and carding the small bundles into a modified coconut thin fiber net composed of evenly stretched single fibers by a carding machine;
s3, alternately laying the carded cotton thin fiber net and the modified coconut thin fiber net into a composite fiber net through a lapping device;
and S4, needling the laid composite fiber net by adopting a needling machine to form a non-woven fabric.
In the fiber web forming process, the thickness of the composite fiber web after being paved is 4-6mm, the aperture is 1-2mm, and the porosity is 35-40%.
In the composite fiber net, the mass ratio of the cotton fiber to the modified coconut fiber is 1 (2-4).
In the needling process, the needling density is 50-80 needling/cm 2 The needling depth is 3-6mm.
The preparation method of the modified coconut fiber comprises the following steps:
mixing 10-20 parts of coconut fiber, 0.05-0.2 part of xanthomonas campestris and 50-60 parts of water according to the weight parts, fermenting for 24-48 hours, filtering and drying to obtain pretreated coconut fiber;
n2 the pretreated coconut fiber prepared in the step N1 is prepared according to the bath ratio of 1g: (5-10) immersing the mixture in an aluminum chloride aqueous solution with the concentration of 20-24wt percent, carrying out ultrasonic treatment for 20-40min, filtering to obtain a filter cake, and oxidizing at 80-90 ℃ for 24-48h to obtain the alumina-filled coconut fiber;
n3 the alumina-filled coir produced in step N2 was used in a bath ratio of 1g: (10-20) immersing the raw materials in 35-45wt% sulfuric acid, stirring at the temperature of 35-45 ℃ and the rotating speed of 150-300r/min for reaction for 15-30min, filtering to obtain a filter cake, washing and drying to obtain porous acidified coconut shell fibers;
mixing 5-10 parts of 23-24wt% ammonia water and 5-10 parts of absolute ethyl alcohol according to the mass parts to prepare an ammonia water ethanol solution; placing 5-10 parts of porous acidified coconut shell fiber prepared in the step N3 into the ammonia water ethanol solution, stirring at the temperature of 40-50 ℃ and the rotating speed of 150-300r/min for reaction for 2-4 hours, filtering to obtain a filter cake, washing and drying to obtain the ammoniated porous coconut shell fiber;
and 5-10 parts of the ammoniated porous coconut fiber prepared in the step N4 are immersed into 90-95 parts of alkaline silica sol according to the mass parts, stirred and reacted for 15-30min at the rotating speed of 150-300r/min, and the modified coconut fiber is obtained through filtering, washing and drying.
The ultrasonic frequency is 40-60kHz, and the power is 100-200W.
The invention provides a method for restoring the ecology of a side slope in a grassland area, which mainly aims at the defects of high construction cost of concrete square grids, poor water retention capacity and incapability of fully restoring the ecology of the side slope in a vegetation concrete slope protection technology. The invention adopts the degradable fiber cloth to replace concrete square, the manufacturing cost and the labor cost of laying are far less than those of concrete square, the concrete is not required to be solidified, the laying efficiency is extremely high, the invention is suitable for ecological restoration of large-area side slopes, and the construction efficiency can be greatly improved. According to the grassland area side slope ecological restoration method provided by the invention, the concrete square grids on the surface are not exposed, so that the grassland area side slope ecology can be completely restored to the original state.
Further, the invention provides a preparation method of the degradable fiber cloth. In the prior art, geotextile is adopted to prevent water and soil loss of a side slope. However, the geotextile has the defects of low decomposition speed, weak water and fertilizer retention capability, plant root growth inhibition and the like, and is not suitable for ecological restoration of a side slope. Therefore, the invention adopts cotton fiber to prepare cotton thin fiber net, and coconut shell fiber to prepare coconut shell thin fiber net, and the cotton thin fiber net is paved into composite fiber net, the thickness is 4-6mm, the aperture is 1-2mm, the porosity is 35-40%, and the cotton thin fiber net is easier to decompose and does not hinder the growth of plant root systems.
Still further, because the composite web has limited water and fertilizer retention and its relatively high porosity results in relatively low mechanical strength, it is susceptible to damage during construction. In order to improve the water-retaining and fertilizer-retaining capacity and mechanical strength of the degradable fiber cloth prepared by the invention, the invention further modifies the coconut fibers. Firstly, decomposing organic matters in coconut fiber by utilizing microorganisms in xanthomonas campestris to improve the permeability of the coconut fiber and obtain pretreated coconut fiber; then, immersing the pretreated coconut shell fibers in an aluminum chloride aqueous solution to enable aluminum ions to be adsorbed and filled in the coconut shell fibers, and drying and oxidizing the coconut shell fibers in air to obtain the coconut shell fibers filled with aluminum oxide, wherein the filling of nano aluminum oxide enables the fiber cell spacing to be enlarged; the pretreated coconut fiber is soaked in sulfuric acid, nano alumina filled among fiber cells is removed, micro-nano pores are formed among fibers, and the porous acidified coconut fiber is obtained, and in the use process, the micro-nano pores in the modified coconut fiber can well lock water seal, so that the water retention performance of a product is improved, and the coconut fiber after acidification by sulfuric acid is beneficial to amino grafting; and then, treating the porous acidified coconut shell fibers by adopting an ammonia water ethanol solution to obtain ammoniated porous coconut shell fibers, wherein amino groups on the ammoniated porous coconut shell fibers have adsorption effect on elements such as potassium, sodium, phosphorus and water molecules in soil, ammonia fertilizer can be released along with decomposition of the coconut shell fibers, micro-nano-scale pores formed by removing alumina also have stronger metal ion chelating and water retaining capacity, and the two cooperate with each other, so that the fertilizer retaining and water retaining capacity of the prepared degradable fiber cloth can be greatly improved. Finally, the prepared ammoniated porous coconut fiber is immersed in silica sol, and the mechanical strength of the coconut fiber is improved by utilizing a protective layer formed by condensation of silica bonds in the drying process of the silica sol, so that the modified coconut fiber with strong water and fertilizer retaining capability and high mechanical strength is finally prepared.
Advantageous effects
1. The invention adopts the degradable fiber cloth to replace the concrete square lattice, the manufacturing cost and the labor cost for paving the degradable fiber cloth are far less than those of the concrete square lattice, the concrete solidification does not need to be waited, the paving efficiency is extremely high, the invention is suitable for ecological restoration of large-area side slopes, and the construction efficiency can be greatly improved. According to the grassland area side slope ecological restoration method provided by the invention, the concrete square grids on the surface are not exposed, so that the grassland area side slope ecology can be completely restored to the original state.
2. The invention adopts cotton fiber to prepare cotton thin fiber net, modified coconut fiber to prepare coconut thin fiber net, and the cotton thin fiber net is paved into composite fiber net, the thickness is 4-6mm, the aperture is 1-2mm, the porosity is 35-40%, the cotton thin fiber net is easier to decompose, and the growth of plant root system is not hindered.
3. The invention utilizes microbial decomposition, alumina filling, sulfuric acid treatment, ammonia water ethanol solution treatment and silica sol treatment in xanthomonas producing bacteria to finally prepare the modified coconut shell fiber with strong water and fertilizer retaining capability and high mechanical strength, and the modified coconut shell fiber is applied to degradable fiber cloth, thereby greatly improving the survival rate of seeds in the slope ecological restoration process, reducing watering times and saving labor cost.
Detailed Description
Cotton fiber, model: hy0081, shandong Jiuyan textile Co., ltd.
Coconut fiber, product number: AL-588762176900, guangzhou City best-speed trade Limited.
Xanthomonas chrysogena, cellulomonas flavigena, numbering: CGMCC 1.12219 is purchased from China general microbiological culture collection center.
Alkaline silica sol, model: JN-30, hubei, a well established science and technology Co.
After soil detection, the inorganic fertilizer adopted in the embodiment of the invention is prepared by mixing, by mass, 50-70 parts of urea, 5-15 parts of calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer and 20-30 parts of potassium sulfate.
Example 1
A grassland area side slope ecological restoration method comprises the following steps:
(1) Soil improvement: firstly cleaning the waste impurities on site, loosening the soil layer with the thickness of 10cm, and then applying 16kg of inorganic fertilizer per mu to obtain improved soil;
(2) And (3) sowing grass seeds on the soil after the improvement in the step (1), then sprinkling water and covering a layer of soil layer with the thickness of 5cm, and finally leveling, water retaining, drainage, backflow, confluence and paving irrigation supporting facilities.
The grass seeds are sand reed grass, and the sowing quantity is 30 kg/hectare.
The sprinkling amount is 18L/m 2 。
Example 2
A grassland area side slope ecological restoration method comprises the following steps:
(1) Soil improvement: firstly cleaning waste impurities on site, loosening soil layers with the thickness of 10cm, and then applying inorganic fertilizer with the fertilizing amount of 16kg per mu to obtain improved soil;
(2) And (3) laying a net: paving a layer of degradable fiber cloth on the surface of the soil modified in the step (1), and fixing the degradable fiber cloth by bamboo strips to form a grid of 50cm x 50 cm;
(3) And (3) sowing grass seeds in the grids obtained in the step (2), then sprinkling water and covering a layer of soil layer with the thickness of 5cm, and finally carrying out leveling, water retaining, drainage, backflow, confluence and paving of irrigation matched facilities on the field.
The grass seeds are sand reed grass, and the sowing quantity is 30 kg/hectare.
The sprinkling amount is 18L/m 2 。
The preparation method of the degradable fiber cloth comprises the following steps:
s1, cotton fibers are sent into an opener for opening, so that large fiber bundles or fiber blocks, clusters and the like are loosened into small bundles, and then are carded into a cotton thin fiber net composed of evenly stretched single fibers by a carding machine;
s2, delivering the coconut fibers into an opener for opening to enable large fiber bundles or fiber blocks, clusters and the like to be loosened into small bundles, and carding the small bundles into a coconut thin fiber net composed of evenly stretched single fibers by a carding machine;
s3, alternately laying the combed cotton thin fiber web and the coconut thin fiber web into a composite fiber web through a lapping device;
and S4, needling the laid composite fiber net by adopting a needling machine to form a non-woven fabric.
In the fiber-forming process, the thickness of the composite fiber web after being paved is 5mm, the aperture is 1.8mm, and the porosity is 36.5%.
In the composite fiber net, the mass ratio of cotton fiber to coconut fiber is 1:3.
In the needling process, the needling density is 65 thorns/cm 2 The needling depth was 4mm.
Example 3
A grassland area side slope ecological restoration method comprises the following steps:
(1) Soil improvement: firstly cleaning waste impurities on site, loosening soil layers with the thickness of 10cm, and then applying inorganic fertilizer with the fertilizing amount of 16kg per mu to obtain improved soil;
(2) And (3) laying a net: paving a layer of degradable fiber cloth on the surface of the soil modified in the step (1), and fixing the degradable fiber cloth by bamboo strips to form a grid of 50cm x 50 cm;
(3) And (3) sowing grass seeds in the grids obtained in the step (2), then sprinkling water and covering a layer of soil layer with the thickness of 5cm, and finally carrying out leveling, water retaining, drainage, backflow, confluence and paving of irrigation matched facilities on the field.
The grass seeds are sand reed grass, and the sowing quantity is 30 kg/hectare.
The sprinkling amount is 18L/m 2 。
The preparation method of the degradable fiber cloth comprises the following steps:
s1, cotton fibers are sent into an opener for opening, so that large fiber bundles or fiber blocks, clusters and the like are loosened into small bundles, and then are carded into a cotton thin fiber net composed of evenly stretched single fibers by a carding machine;
s2, delivering the modified coconut fibers into an opener for opening to enable large fiber bundles or fiber blocks, clusters and the like to be loosened into small bundles, and carding the small bundles into a modified coconut thin fiber net composed of evenly stretched single fibers by a carding machine;
s3, alternately laying the carded cotton thin fiber net and the modified coconut thin fiber net into a composite fiber net through a lapping device;
and S4, needling the laid composite fiber net by adopting a needling machine to form a non-woven fabric.
In the fiber-forming process, the thickness of the composite fiber web after being paved is 5mm, the aperture is 1.8mm, and the porosity is 36.5%.
In the composite fiber net, the mass ratio of the cotton fiber to the modified coconut fiber is 1:3.
In the needling process, the needling density is 65 thorns/cm 2 The needling depth was 4mm.
The preparation method of the modified coconut fiber comprises the following steps:
mixing 15 parts of coconut fiber, 0.1 part of xanthomonas chrysogena and 55 parts of water according to the parts by weight, fermenting for 24 hours, filtering and drying to obtain pretreated coconut fiber;
n2 the pretreated coconut fiber prepared in the step N1 is prepared according to the bath ratio of 1g:8mL is immersed into an aqueous solution of aluminum chloride with the concentration of 24 weight percent for ultrasonic treatment for 30min, then a filter cake is filtered and taken out, and the filter cake is oxidized for 36h at the temperature of 85 ℃ to obtain the alumina-filled coconut shell fiber;
n3 the alumina-filled coir produced in step N2 was used in a bath ratio of 1g: immersing 18mL of the mixture into 40wt% sulfuric acid, stirring at the temperature of 40 ℃ and the rotating speed of 200r/min for reaction for 20min, filtering to obtain a filter cake, washing and drying to obtain porous acidified coconut shell fibers;
mixing 8 parts of 24wt% ammonia water and 8 parts of absolute ethyl alcohol according to the mass parts to prepare an ammonia water ethanol solution; placing 8 parts of porous acidified coconut shell fibers prepared in the step N3 into the ammonia water ethanol solution, stirring at 45 ℃ and a rotating speed of 200r/min for reaction for 3 hours, filtering to obtain a filter cake, washing and drying to obtain ammoniated porous coconut shell fibers;
and (5) immersing 8 parts of the ammoniated porous coconut fibers prepared in the step (N4) into 92 parts of alkaline silica sol according to the parts by weight, stirring at a rotating speed of 200r/min for reaction for 20min, filtering to obtain a filter cake, washing and drying to obtain the modified coconut fibers.
The ultrasonic frequency is 50kHz, and the power is 160W.
Example 4
A grassland area side slope ecological restoration method comprises the following steps:
(1) Soil improvement: firstly cleaning waste impurities on site, loosening soil layers with the thickness of 10cm, and then applying inorganic fertilizer with the fertilizing amount of 16kg per mu to obtain improved soil;
(2) And (3) laying a net: paving a layer of degradable fiber cloth on the surface of the soil modified in the step (1), and fixing the degradable fiber cloth by bamboo strips to form a grid of 50cm x 50 cm;
(3) And (3) sowing grass seeds in the grids obtained in the step (2), then sprinkling water and covering a layer of soil layer with the thickness of 5cm, and finally carrying out leveling, water retaining, drainage, backflow, confluence and paving of irrigation matched facilities on the field.
The grass seeds are sand reed grass, and the sowing quantity is 30 kg/hectare.
The sprinkling amount is 18L/m 2 。
The preparation method of the degradable fiber cloth comprises the following steps:
s1, cotton fibers are sent into an opener for opening, so that large fiber bundles or fiber blocks, clusters and the like are loosened into small bundles, and then are carded into a cotton thin fiber net composed of evenly stretched single fibers by a carding machine;
s2, delivering the modified coconut fibers into an opener for opening to enable large fiber bundles or fiber blocks, clusters and the like to be loosened into small bundles, and carding the small bundles into a modified coconut thin fiber net composed of evenly stretched single fibers by a carding machine;
s3, alternately laying the carded cotton thin fiber net and the modified coconut thin fiber net into a composite fiber net through a lapping device;
and S4, needling the laid composite fiber net by adopting a needling machine to form a non-woven fabric.
In the fiber-forming process, the thickness of the composite fiber web after being paved is 5mm, the aperture is 1.8mm, and the porosity is 36.5%.
In the composite fiber net, the mass ratio of the cotton fiber to the modified coconut fiber is 1:3.
In the needling process, the needling density is 65 thorns/cm 2 The needling depth was 4mm.
The preparation method of the modified coconut fiber comprises the following steps:
mixing 15 parts of coconut fiber, 0.1 part of xanthomonas chrysogena and 55 parts of water according to the parts by weight, fermenting for 24 hours, filtering and drying to obtain pretreated coconut fiber;
n2 the pretreated coconut fiber prepared in the step N1 is prepared according to the bath ratio of 1g: immersing 18mL of the mixture into sulfuric acid with the concentration of 40wt%, stirring at the temperature of 40 ℃ and the rotating speed of 200r/min for reaction for 20min, filtering to obtain a filter cake, washing and drying to obtain acidified coconut shell fibers;
mixing 8 parts of 24wt% ammonia water and 8 parts of absolute ethyl alcohol according to the mass parts to prepare an ammonia water ethanol solution; placing 8 parts of the acidified coconut shell fibers prepared in the step N2 into the ammonia water ethanol solution, stirring at 45 ℃ and a rotating speed of 200r/min for reaction for 3 hours, filtering to obtain filter cakes, washing and drying to obtain ammoniated coconut shell fibers;
and (4) immersing 8 parts of the ammoniated coconut fibers prepared in the step (N3) into 92 parts of alkaline silica sol according to the parts by weight, stirring at a rotating speed of 200r/min for reaction for 20min, filtering to obtain a filter cake, washing and drying to obtain the modified coconut fibers.
Example 5
A grassland area side slope ecological restoration method comprises the following steps:
(1) Soil improvement: firstly cleaning waste impurities on site, loosening soil layers with the thickness of 10cm, and then applying inorganic fertilizer with the fertilizing amount of 16kg per mu to obtain improved soil;
(2) And (3) laying a net: paving a layer of degradable fiber cloth on the surface of the soil modified in the step (1), and fixing the degradable fiber cloth by bamboo strips to form a grid of 50cm x 50 cm;
(3) And (3) sowing grass seeds in the grids obtained in the step (2), then sprinkling water and covering a layer of soil layer with the thickness of 5cm, and finally carrying out leveling, water retaining, drainage, backflow, confluence and paving of irrigation matched facilities on the field.
The grass seeds are sand reed grass, and the sowing quantity is 30 kg/hectare.
The sprinkling amount is 18L/m 2 。
The preparation method of the degradable fiber cloth comprises the following steps:
s1, cotton fibers are sent into an opener for opening, so that large fiber bundles or fiber blocks, clusters and the like are loosened into small bundles, and then are carded into a cotton thin fiber net composed of evenly stretched single fibers by a carding machine;
s2, delivering the modified coconut fibers into an opener for opening to enable large fiber bundles or fiber blocks, clusters and the like to be loosened into small bundles, and carding the small bundles into a modified coconut thin fiber net composed of evenly stretched single fibers by a carding machine;
s3, alternately laying the carded cotton thin fiber net and the modified coconut thin fiber net into a composite fiber net through a lapping device;
and S4, needling the laid composite fiber net by adopting a needling machine to form a non-woven fabric.
In the fiber-forming process, the thickness of the composite fiber web after being paved is 5mm, the aperture is 1.8mm, and the porosity is 36.5%.
In the composite fiber net, the mass ratio of the cotton fiber to the modified coconut fiber is 1:3.
In the needling process, the needling density is 65 thorns/cm 2 The needling depth was 4mm.
The preparation method of the modified coconut fiber comprises the following steps:
mixing 15 parts of coconut fiber, 0.1 part of xanthomonas chrysogena and 55 parts of water according to the parts by weight, fermenting for 24 hours, filtering and drying to obtain pretreated coconut fiber;
n2 the pretreated coconut fiber prepared in the step N1 is prepared according to the bath ratio of 1g:8mL is immersed into an aluminum chloride aqueous solution with the concentration of 24 weight percent, ultrasonic treatment is carried out for 30min, then a filter cake is filtered and taken out, and the filter cake is oxidized for 36h at the temperature of 85 ℃ to obtain the coconut shell fiber filled with aluminum oxide;
n3 the alumina-filled coir produced in step N2 was used in a bath ratio of 1g: immersing 18mL of the mixture into 40wt% sulfuric acid, stirring at the temperature of 40 ℃ and the rotating speed of 200r/min for reaction for 20min, filtering to obtain a filter cake, washing and drying to obtain porous acidified coconut shell fibers;
and (4) immersing 8 parts of the porous acidified coconut shell fiber prepared in the step (N3) into 92 parts of alkaline silica sol according to parts by weight, stirring at a rotating speed of 200r/min for reaction for 20min, filtering to obtain a filter cake, washing and drying to obtain the modified coconut shell fiber.
The ultrasonic frequency is 50kHz, and the power is 160W.
Test example 1
The grassland area slope ecological restoration method described in examples 1-5 is adopted by referring to GB/T2930.4-2017 'grass seed test procedure germination test', and the grass seed germination rate is tested. The grass seeds are reed grass with a sowing density of 1000 grains/m 2 The planting temperature is 20 ℃; watering once every morning at seven points, wherein the watering quantity is 20L/m 2 . The results of 4 tests per group of examples and statistical seed survival after 14 days are shown in the table1。
Table 1: survival rate of sand reed grass seeds
| Survival/% | |
| Example 1 | 86 |
| Example 2 | 89 |
| Example 3 | 94 |
| Example 4 | 92 |
| Example 5 | 91 |
As can be seen from Table 1, in example 2, cotton thin fiber net and coconut thin fiber net are alternately laid to form a composite fiber net, and the composite fiber net is applied to ecological restoration of side slopes in grassland areas, so that the survival rate of the reed canary grass seeds can be effectively improved. This is because the invention uses cotton thin fiber net and coconut thin fiber net to alternatively laminate into composite fiber net to fix seeds and keep water and soil. The coconut shell Bao Qian net has extremely strong moisture retention, can well keep moisture required by seed germination and growth, is convenient for plant root growth, and plays a role in fixing plant root. The cotton fiber has stronger deformation resistance, can effectively prevent the deformation of the composite fiber net, and can provide nutrition for the growth of seeds along with natural decomposition. In the embodiment 1, a composite fiber net formed by alternately laying a cotton fiber net and a coconut fiber net is not adopted, the growth of the root system of the seed is easy to be limited by soil, especially some sandy soil has poor water and fertilizer retaining capability, the seed is easy to harden after being watered for many times, the growth of the root system of the seed is limited, and the survival rate of the seed is reduced.
Example 3 shows a higher seed survival rate than example 2 because example 3 further modified the coir. Firstly, decomposing organic matters in coconut fiber by utilizing microorganisms in xanthomonas campestris to improve the permeability of the coconut fiber and obtain pretreated coconut fiber; then, immersing the pretreated coconut shell fibers in an aluminum chloride aqueous solution to enable aluminum ions to be adsorbed and filled in the coconut shell fibers, and drying and oxidizing the coconut shell fibers in air to obtain the coconut shell fibers filled with aluminum oxide, wherein the filling of nano aluminum oxide enables the fiber cell spacing to be enlarged; the pretreated coconut fiber is soaked in sulfuric acid, nano alumina filled among fiber cells is removed, micro-nano pores are formed among fibers, and the porous acidified coconut fiber is obtained, and in the use process, the micro-nano pores in the modified coconut fiber can well lock water seal, so that the water retention performance of a product is improved, and the coconut fiber after acidification by sulfuric acid is beneficial to amino grafting; and then, treating the porous acidified coconut shell fibers by adopting an ammonia water ethanol solution to obtain ammoniated porous coconut shell fibers, wherein amino groups on the ammoniated porous coconut shell fibers have adsorption effect on elements such as potassium, sodium, phosphorus and water molecules in soil, ammonia fertilizer can be released along with decomposition of the coconut shell fibers, micro-nano-scale pores formed by removing alumina also have stronger metal ion chelating and water retaining capacity, and the two cooperate with each other, so that the fertilizer retaining and water retaining capacity of the prepared degradable fiber cloth can be greatly improved. Finally, the prepared ammoniated porous coconut fiber is immersed in silica sol, and the mechanical strength of the coconut fiber is improved by utilizing a protective layer formed by condensation of silica bonds in the drying process of the silica sol, so that the modified coconut fiber with strong water and fertilizer retaining capability and high mechanical strength is finally prepared. Example 4 was not filled with nano alumina, the coconut fiber cell spacing was dense, and the micro-nano scale pores and metal ion adsorption sites were absent, which slightly decreased the water and fertilizer retention capacity, resulting in decreased seed survival rate; in example 5, the coconut fiber is not ammoniated, the adsorption of elements such as potassium, sodium, phosphorus and the like and water molecules in the soil is reduced, and ammonia fertilizer cannot be released, so that the seed survival rate is reduced. The synergistic effect of alumina filling and ammoniation treatment greatly improves the water and fertilizer retention capacity of the prepared degradable fiber cloth and the survival rate of seeds.
Test example 2
PO 4 3- Adsorption experiment
Adding 100mL of 200mg/L potassium dihydrogen phosphate aqueous solution into a 250mL conical flask, adding 0.1g of coconut fiber or modified coconut fiber prepared in examples 3-5, stirring at 180r/min for 12h, standing for 12h to fully adsorb modified cellulose, centrifuging at 8000r/min, collecting supernatant, measuring with an ultraviolet-visible spectrophotometer, and calculating the residual PO in the solution 4 3- The content of the modified cellulose and the PO adsorption is calculated 4 3- Is a combination of the amounts of (a) and (b).
The results are shown in Table 2.
Table 2: PO (Positive oxide) 4 3- Adsorption test results
As can be seen from Table 2, the modified coir produced in example 3 has the greatest adsorption capacity for phosphate radical, because the pretreated coir is immersed in the aqueous solution of aluminum chloride in example 3, so that aluminum ions are adsorbed and filled in the coir, and then the coir is dried and oxidized in air to obtain the alumina-filled coir, and the alumina nanoparticles are filled so that the inter-fiber cell distance is increased; the pretreated coconut fiber is soaked in sulfuric acid, nano alumina filled among fiber cells is removed, micro-nano pores are formed among fibers, and the porous acidified coconut fiber is obtained, and in the use process, the micro-nano pores in the modified coconut fiber can well lock water seal, so that the water retention performance of a product is improved, and the coconut fiber after acidification by sulfuric acid is beneficial to amino grafting; and then, treating the porous acidified coconut shell fibers by adopting an ammonia water ethanol solution to obtain ammoniated porous coconut shell fibers, wherein amino groups on the ammoniated porous coconut shell fibers have adsorption effect on elements such as potassium, sodium, phosphorus and water molecules in soil, ammonia fertilizer can be released along with decomposition of the coconut shell fibers, micro-nano-scale pores formed by removing alumina also have stronger metal ion chelating and water retaining capacity, and the two cooperate with each other, so that the fertilizer retaining and water retaining capacity of the prepared degradable fiber cloth can be greatly improved. While example 4 did not fill with nano alumina, the coconut fiber cells were more densely spaced, and lacked micro-nano pores and adsorption sites, and example 5 did not ammoniate the coconut fibers, and the adsorption of elements such as potassium, sodium, and phosphorus in the soil and water molecules was reduced.
Claims (6)
1. The ecological restoration method for the side slope of the grassland area is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
(1) Soil improvement: firstly cleaning the waste impurities on site, loosening soil layers with the thickness of 8-12cm, and then applying inorganic fertilizer with the fertilizing amount of 12-18kg per mu to obtain improved soil;
(2) And (3) laying a net: paving a layer of degradable fiber cloth on the surface of the soil modified in the step (1), and fixing the degradable fiber cloth by bamboo strips to form a grid of 50cm x 50 cm;
(3) Sowing grass seeds in the grids obtained in the step (2), then sprinkling water and covering a layer of soil layer with the thickness of 4-6cm, and finally paving the field leveling, water retaining, water draining, drainage, backflow, confluence and irrigation supporting facilities;
the preparation method of the degradable fiber cloth comprises the following steps:
s1, cotton fibers are sent into an opener for opening, so that large fiber bundles or fiber blocks and groups are loosened into small bundles, and then are carded into a cotton thin fiber net composed of evenly stretched single fibers by a carding machine;
s2, delivering the modified coconut fibers into an opener for opening to enable large fiber bundles or fiber blocks and groups to be loosened into small bundles, and carding the small bundles into a modified coconut thin fiber net composed of evenly stretched single fibers by a carding machine;
s3, alternately laying the carded cotton thin fiber net and the modified coconut thin fiber net into a composite fiber net through a lapping device;
s4, needling the laid composite fiber net by using a needling machine to form a non-woven fabric;
the preparation method of the modified coconut fiber comprises the following steps:
mixing 10-20 parts of coconut fiber, 0.05-0.2 part of xanthomonas campestris and 50-60 parts of water according to the weight parts, fermenting for 24-48 hours, filtering and drying to obtain pretreated coconut fiber;
n2 the pretreated coconut fiber prepared in the step N1 is prepared according to the bath ratio of 1g: (5-10) immersing the mixture in an aluminum chloride aqueous solution with the concentration of 20-24wt percent, carrying out ultrasonic treatment for 20-40min, filtering to obtain a filter cake, and oxidizing at 80-90 ℃ for 24-48h to obtain the alumina-filled coconut fiber;
n3 the alumina-filled coir produced in step N2 was used in a bath ratio of 1g: (10-20) immersing the raw materials in 35-45wt% sulfuric acid, stirring at the temperature of 35-45 ℃ and the rotating speed of 150-300r/min for reaction for 15-30min, filtering to obtain a filter cake, washing and drying to obtain porous acidified coconut shell fibers;
mixing 5-10 parts of 23-24wt% ammonia water and 5-10 parts of absolute ethyl alcohol according to the mass parts to prepare an ammonia water ethanol solution; placing 5-10 parts of porous acidified coconut shell fiber prepared in the step N3 into the ammonia water ethanol solution, stirring at the temperature of 40-50 ℃ and the rotating speed of 150-300r/min for reaction for 2-4 hours, filtering to obtain a filter cake, washing and drying to obtain the ammoniated porous coconut shell fiber;
and 5-10 parts of the ammoniated porous coconut fiber prepared in the step N4 are immersed into 90-95 parts of alkaline silica sol according to the mass parts, stirred and reacted for 15-30min at the rotating speed of 150-300r/min, and the modified coconut fiber is obtained through filtering, washing and drying.
2. The method for ecologically repairing a side slope in a grassland area according to claim 1, wherein the grass seeds are formed by mixing one or more of sand reed grass, leymus chinensis, tarragon, astragalus mongholicus, splendid achnatherum, cymbidium parviflora, elytrigia repens, acid-proof grass, old mango wheat and palea, and the sowing amount is 25-40 kg/hectare.
3. The grassland area slope ecological restoration method as defined in claim 1, wherein the sprinkling amount is 15-20L/m 2 。
4. A grassland area slope ecological restoration method as defined in claim 1, wherein in said fiber-forming process, the thickness of the composite fiber web after being laid is 4-6mm, the pore diameter is 1-2mm, and the porosity is 35-40%.
5. The grassland area slope ecological restoration method as defined in claim 1, wherein the mass ratio of cotton fibers to modified coconut fibers in the composite fiber net is 1 (2-4).
6. The ecological restoration method for a side slope of a grassland area as defined in claim 1, wherein in the needling process, the needling density is 50-80 thorns/cm 2 The needling depth is 3-6mm.
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| CN202208930U (en) * | 2011-01-12 | 2012-05-02 | 大连沃特水务科技有限公司 | Natural microorganism soil fixing blanket |
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| CN112012229A (en) * | 2020-06-18 | 2020-12-01 | 安徽理工大学 | Ecological restoration system for high steep slope rock slope of limestone mine stope |
| CN113243256A (en) * | 2021-03-18 | 2021-08-13 | 呼伦贝尔学院 | Typical grassland side slope ecological restoration method |
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Patent Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN202208930U (en) * | 2011-01-12 | 2012-05-02 | 大连沃特水务科技有限公司 | Natural microorganism soil fixing blanket |
| CN108103663A (en) * | 2018-01-30 | 2018-06-01 | 河南工程学院 | A kind of degradable plant growing protection slope geotextiles of sandwich structure and preparation method thereof |
| CN110565660A (en) * | 2019-09-10 | 2019-12-13 | 宁国市东南木纤维科技有限公司 | Spray seeding construction method for slope greening |
| CN112012229A (en) * | 2020-06-18 | 2020-12-01 | 安徽理工大学 | Ecological restoration system for high steep slope rock slope of limestone mine stope |
| CN113243256A (en) * | 2021-03-18 | 2021-08-13 | 呼伦贝尔学院 | Typical grassland side slope ecological restoration method |
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