CN105850686B - The method that Chinese yam aerial fog cultivation vacantly ties potato - Google Patents
The method that Chinese yam aerial fog cultivation vacantly ties potato Download PDFInfo
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- CN105850686B CN105850686B CN201610297060.3A CN201610297060A CN105850686B CN 105850686 B CN105850686 B CN 105850686B CN 201610297060 A CN201610297060 A CN 201610297060A CN 105850686 B CN105850686 B CN 105850686B
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G31/00—Soilless cultivation, e.g. hydroponics
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G31/00—Soilless cultivation, e.g. hydroponics
- A01G31/02—Special apparatus therefor
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05B—PHOSPHATIC FERTILISERS
- C05B1/00—Superphosphates, i.e. fertilisers produced by reacting rock or bone phosphates with sulfuric or phosphoric acid in such amounts and concentrations as to yield solid products directly
- C05B1/02—Superphosphates
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
- C05F3/00—Fertilisers from human or animal excrements, e.g. manure
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
- Y02P60/20—Reduction of greenhouse gas [GHG] emissions in agriculture, e.g. CO2
- Y02P60/21—Dinitrogen oxide [N2O], e.g. using aquaponics, hydroponics or efficiency measures
Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of methods that Chinese yam aerial fog cultivation vacantly ties potato, comprising the following steps: 1) constructs solid growth bed, climbing frame of the building for the rattan seedling climbing of Chinese yam in the top of solid growth bed；2) it is put into organic matter in planting cup, and Chinese yam seed kind is placed in each implantation hole of solid growth bed one by one in wherein, then planting seed-bearing planting cup, guarantee that the hole of the planting cup bottom is right against the implantation hole below the planting cup during this；3) it when the root that seed is grown, which passes through implantation hole, protrudes into the inside of solid growth bed, is required according to implant bed internal environment moisture management, ACM microbial nutrient solution is directly injected into the root of Chinese yam in the form of aerosol state, until Chinese yam stem tuber is mature.The method of the invention labor intensity is lower, growth cycle is shorter and yield is higher.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to plant aeroponic methods, and in particular to a kind of method that Chinese yam aerial fog cultivation vacantly ties potato.
Background technique
Chinese yam contains a large amount of protein, carbohydrate, B family vitamin, vitamin C, vitamin E, glucose, crude protein amino
The nutritional ingredients such as the indispensable inorganic salts of the human bodies such as acid, bile alkaline, allantoin and iodine, calcium, iron, phosphorus and microelement, have
Invigorating the spleen tonifying lung, is reinforced the kidney, the multiple efficacies such as strengthening the essence, can reduce subcutaneous fat deposits with reducing blood lipid, coordinating intestines and stomach.
Traditional Chinese yam cultivation is all that selection soil layer is deep, fertile, the good sandy soil of drainage condition makees planting site, is led to
Often the following steps are included:
1. pressing line-spacing 100cm when site preparation, the deep kind planting ditch of 30cm wide, 100cm is dug, the soil dug is placed on the two sides of ditch,
So that soil is obtained weathering, ditching original soil is inserted in ditch before sowing, when being filled to the 2/3 of ditch, applies macerate ripe farmyard manure about per acre
3000 jin, and fertilizer is mixed thoroughly with the soil for filling out back ditch to improve the soil layer construction in ditch, soil is then filled up ditch, plays furrow,
Furrow face trench digging width 10cm, the ditch of deep 10cm are beaten the hole of 100cm depth by 20cm distance, fine sand are piled in hole, Chinese yam seedling
It lies on hole, the bud eye of seedling is directed at hole, is grown downwards with sharp stem tuber；
2. after direct ridging in the soil apart from the ridge inclined-plane depths 10-15cm, with plastic film or other hard materials
Rebasing laying, gradient and horizontal plane are at 25-45 degree angle, and Chinese yam seed is above the apex distance hard material of ridge in the soil of 4-10cm
Sowing allows stem tuber when Chinese yam knot potato to extend along material oriented growth.
The plantation of traditional Chinese yam, harvesting are both needed to deep trench excavation, and the labor intensity of plantation and harvesting is all very big, and recruitment is about per acre
3000 working hours (recruitment refers to Cultivate administration and harvests the time of work per acre)；Growth cycle is longer, needs from nursery to harvesting
270-300 days；Yield is not high enough, and about 2000-2500kg/ mus；No matter the product of harvest is difficult in appearance or quality
To guarantee, cause commodity rate low.
Summary of the invention
That the technical problem to be solved in the present invention is to provide a kind of labor intensity is lower, growth cycle is shorter and yield is higher
The method that Chinese yam aerial fog cultivation vacantly ties potato.
The method that Chinese yam aerial fog cultivation of the present invention vacantly ties potato, comprising the following steps:
1) solid growth bed is constructed, climbing frame of the building for the rattan seedling climbing of Chinese yam in the top of solid growth bed；
2) it is put into organic matter in planting cup, and then Chinese yam seed kind will be planted into seed-bearing planting cup one in wherein
One is placed in each implantation hole of solid growth bed, this guarantees that the hole of the planting cup bottom is right against under the planting cup in the process
The implantation hole of side；
3) when the root that seed is grown, which passes through implantation hole, protrudes into the inside of solid growth bed, according to implant bed internal environment
ACM microbial nutrient solution, is directly injected into the root of Chinese yam by moisture management requirement in the form of aerosol state, until Chinese yam stem tuber
It is mature；The ACM microbial nutrient solution is placed in Nutrient medium by ACM microbial flora cultivates 5-10 under the conditions of 20-35 DEG C
It and obtain, in which:
The Nutrient medium contains following components in terms of 1000L: potassium sulfate 400-410g, ammonium dihydrogen phosphate 50-60g, seven
Water magnesium sulfate 120-130g, sodium iron ethylene diamine tetra acetate 10-20g, boric acid 10-20g, anhydrous Manganese chloride 0.7-0.8g, seven water sulphur
Sour zinc 0.08-0.10g, Salzburg vitriol 0.02-0.04g, molybdic acid receive 0.01-0.02g, glucide 2000-2100g, remaining
Amount is water；
The ACM microbial flora by rhizobium, fixed nitrogen bacillus, carbon bacterium, photosynthetic bacteria, alcaligenes dentrificans, arthrobacterium,
Bacillus thuringiensis, Alcaligenes faecalis and lactobacillus composition, their concentration in Nutrient medium be respectively 600-700g/1000L,
500-600g/1000L、400-500g/1000L、550-650g/1000L、500-600g/1000L、450-550g/1000L、
500-600g/1000L, 500-600g/1000L and 500-600g/1000L.
In the composition of ACM microbial nutrient solution involved in the method for the invention, root nodule in the ACM microbial flora
Bacterium, fixed nitrogen bacillus, carbon bacterium, photosynthetic bacteria, alcaligenes dentrificans, arthrobacterium, bacillus thuringiensis, Alcaligenes faecalis and lactobacillus exist
Concentration in Nutrient medium is respectively preferably 630-680g/1000L, 530-580g/1000L, 450-500g/1000L, 580-
620g/1000L, 530-580g/1000L, 480-520g/1000L, 550-600g/1000L, 500-550g/1000L and 550-
600g/1000L；Still more preferably be respectively 650g/1000L, 550g/1000L, 480g/1000L, 600g/1000L,
550g/1000L, 500g/1000L, 570g/1000L, 520g/1000L and 580g/1000L.
In the composition of ACM microbial nutrient solution involved in the method for the invention, the Nutrient medium is excellent in terms of 1000L
Choosing contains following components: potassium sulfate 405g, ammonium dihydrogen phosphate 58g, epsom salt 123g, sodium iron ethylene diamine tetra acetate 17g, boron
Sour 12g, anhydrous Manganese chloride 0.72g, white vitriol 0.09g, Salzburg vitriol 0.03g, molybdic acid receive 0.013g, glucide
2000g, surplus are water.
In the composition of ACM microbial nutrient solution involved in the method for the invention, the glucide is existing skill
Common sugar source in Nutrient medium is configured in art, such as can be sucrose, glucose, honey, preferably by sucrose 900-1000g, Portugal
Grape sugar 400-600g and honey 400-600g composition, and their total amount meets the requirement of 2000-2100g；Further preferably by
Sucrose 1000g, glucose 500g, honey 500g composition.
Organic matter involved in the method for the invention can be organic matter commonly used in the prior art, such as can be Guangzhou
The V26 seedling medium that the raw floating seedlings Nutrition Soil for rising agriculture Co., Ltd's production in city, Tian Feng horticultural materials factory of Shouguang City produce
The soil matrix matter etc. that plants vegetables that Nutrition Soil, Huaian Jia Feng agricultural science and technology development corporation, Ltd. produce.Preferably, organic matter of the present invention
Be made of the component of following mass percents: the organic matter is made of the component of following mass percents: cow dung 45-
50%, the straw of perlite 3-8%, vermiculite 3-8%, calcium superphosphate 1-3%, ACM microbial nutrition flora solution 3-8% and surplus
Stalk；Wherein, the stalk is the choosing selected from one or more of bagasse, corncob, straw, straw and husk
It selects；The ACM microbial flora solution is made of ACM microbial flora and water by the weight proportion of 1:20-50, the ACM
The composition of microbial flora is as hereinbefore.The organic matter preferably uses following methods to be prepared:
A) stalk is crushed, broken stalk and cow dung alternating layers is taken to bank up, each layer thickness control in 20-25cm, then
ACM microbial flora solution is sprayed on cow dung, is covered tightly later with waterproof material, is obtained decomposed body within anaerobic fermentation 15-20 days；Its
In, it is primary that heap body was stirred every 5-7 days during anaerobic fermentation；
B) the decomposed body of gained is uniformly mixed with perlite, vermiculite and calcium superphosphate to get.
In the step a) of above-mentioned organic matter preparation method, stalk is usually crushed to 30-40 mesh, then presses one layer of straw
The sequence of one layer of cow dung of stalk is banked up, and ACM microbial flora solution is sprayed on each layer of cow dung, and completion heap, which postpones, uses waterproof
Material covers heap body and carries out anaerobism pile fermentation.
When seed being directly inoculated in the planting cup equipped with organic matter prepared by the above method, organic matter should be kept
Water content reaches 12-15%, to guarantee quasi- mountain germination, grow seedling.If organic matter prepared by the above method is organic
Matter does not reach above-mentioned requirements by the water content for the organic matter bought in the market, and suitable water can be added thereto, make it
Water content reaches requirement.
In method of the present invention, the longitudinal cross-section of the solid growth bed can be trapezoidal, rectangular or cylindricality, still
Only laying Planting board is uniformly distributed on the Planting board to have kind as Chinese yam culturing and planting bed on the upper surface of solid growth bed
Hole is planted, so that Chinese yam seedling root system stretches down, and its lap of three-dimensional implant bed is not provided with Planting board, does not also plant Huaihe River
Mountain.
In method of the present invention, the line-spacing that the implantation hole is laid is 20cm, spacing in the rows 15cm.Applicant is testing
Middle discovery, such spacing can not only guarantee the planting density of Chinese yam with climbing network technology combination is set up, but also can make plantation
Chinese yam can sufficiently receive the irradiation of sunlight, and the absorption of dissolved oxygen amount needed for solving Chinese yam blade and carbon dioxide meets
Photosynthesis needed for plant, to obtain higher yield.Through counting, using the method for the invention cultivate Chinese yam, every plant
Hanging knot potato is average in 3.6-4.5kg, and every batch of per mu yield in 30000-37000kg.More preferably line-spacing is 20cm, and spacing in the rows is
15cm。
In method of the present invention, when relative humidity humidity inside solid growth bed≤30%, sprays the micro- life of ACM
Object nutrient solution, the time sprayed every time are 1-2min.
In the method for the invention, after completing the plantation of Chinese yam seed, need to maintain solid growth bed peripheral environment
Temperature≤30 DEG C need to be sprayed above solid growth bed when the temperature of solid growth bed peripheral environment is more than 30 DEG C
Cool down (water is sprayed in the form of aerosol state in the top of plant), spray time is (usual until being down to presetting value with temperature
It is 30 DEG C).
In method of the present invention, the existing conventional equipment that trickles through of ACM microbial nutrient solution or water such as fills by spraying
Set realization.
In method of the present invention, the climbing frame be can for the tendril of Chinese yam climb shelf or mesh it is equal
Can, it specifically can be plant climbing net, or with the rattan of grid made of the bar of more horizontal and vertical settings
Frame.
Compared with prior art, present invention is characterized in that
1, compared to conventional soil cultivation method, using areoponics culture Chinese yam, water saving efficiency is up to 90%；Insect pest
It is few, reduce the use of pesticide, thus available relatively more safe food；Without soil, cultivated soil stream will not occur
Lose phenomenon；Production process can observe the growing state of Chinese yam stem tuber (or rhizome) at any time.
2, compared to conventional soil cultivation method, the production cycle of the method for the invention is shorter, and overall process only needs 170-180
It, and rhizome is very flourishing；At 180 days, the diameter of rhizome can reach 5.5-6.5cm, even more slightly；Its length is reachable
105-115cm or even longer, this is that traditional soil plantation is difficult to realize.
3, since the production cycle shortens, two batches can be cultivated within 1 year, yield has great promotion.
4, the manpower of required investment is less, per acre recruitment only need 600-650 working hour (per acre recruitment refer to Cultivate administration and
Harvest the time of work), labor intensity is low.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is that Chinese yam aerial fog cultivation of the present invention vacantly ties the culture apparatus that potato method uses.
Figure label are as follows:
1 solid growth bed；2 Planting boards, 3 implantation holes；4 climbing frames.
Specific embodiment
The present invention is described in further detail combined with specific embodiments below, content to better understand the invention, but
The present invention is not limited to following embodiments.
Embodiment 1: Chinese yam aerial fog cultivation of the present invention vacantly ties the culture apparatus that potato method uses
Fig. 1 is that Chinese yam aerial fog cultivation of the present invention vacantly ties the culture apparatus that potato method uses, including a longitudinal cross-section in ladder
The solid growth bed 1 of shape (being also possible to rectangular or cylindricality), the inner space of the solid growth bed 1 is for Chinese yam knot potato (i.e. for Huaihe River
Mountain grows rhizome), it is equipped in the inner space and ACM microbial nutrient solution is supplied into the several of Chinese yam rhizome in the form of aerosol state
A spray head, these spray heads are via the outlet of pipeline and high-pressure pump, and the entrance of the high-pressure pump passes through pipeline and storage ACM is micro-
The reservoir of biological nutrient liquid；It is equipped with Planting board 2 on the upper surface of the solid growth bed 1 as Chinese yam and cultivates definite value
Bed, uniformly distributed on Planting board 2 to have implantation hole 3, each implantation hole 3 is in the matrix arrangement of rule, is equipped in each implantation hole 3
For the planting cup of planting Chinese yam seed, the climbing frame climbed for the tendril of Chinese yam is built by bracket in the top of planting cup
4, the climbing frame 4 specifically can be plant climbing net, or made of the bar of more horizontal and vertical settings
Rattan teapoy with grid.Water is sprayed above planting cup in the form of aerosol state if being additionally provided in the top of solid growth bed 1
A dry spray head, these spray heads via pipeline and another high-pressure pump outlet, the entrance of the high-pressure pump by pipeline and
Store the reservoir of water.
From solid growth bed 1 build and manual operation it is convenient from the point of view of, solid involved in following implementation
The specification of implant bed 1 are as follows: section is in isosceles trapezoid, and upper bottom width is 75cm, and lower bottom width is 100cm, a height of 125cm, solid growth
The length of bed 1 is 3200cm.The line-spacing of implantation hole 3 on the Planting board 2 on 1 upper surface of solid growth bed is 20cm, spacing in the rows
For 15cm.Climbing frame 4 above planting cup is that plant climbs net, and the setting of climbing frame 4 is integrally triangular in shape, the span of bottom
It goes to the bottom with solid growth bed 1 of same size, height can be configured as needed, and generally 165cm-200cm is advisable；It climbs
The spacing of Planting board 2 is 65cm on the bottom end and 1 upper surface of solid growth bed of climbing frame 4.When needing multiple solid growth beds 1,
The spacing of each solid growth bed 1 is 80cm.
The preparation of embodiment 2:ACM microbial nutrient solution
1) suitable potassium sulfate, ammonium dihydrogen phosphate, epsom salt, sodium iron ethylene diamine tetra acetate, boric acid, anhydrous chlorine are weighed
Change manganese, white vitriol, Salzburg vitriol, molybdic acid are received, glucide and water are configured to solution, control each group in acquired solution
The concentration divided is as follows: potassium sulfate 405g/L, ammonium dihydrogen phosphate 58g/L, epsom salt 123g/L, sodium iron ethylene diamine tetra acetate
17g/L, boric acid 12g/L, anhydrous Manganese chloride 0.72g/L, white vitriol 0.09g/L, Salzburg vitriol 0.03g/L, molybdic acid
It receives 0.013g/L, glucide 2000g/L (wherein sucrose 1000g/L, glucose 500g/L, honey 500g/L), obtains nutrition
Base；
2) 650g rhizobium, 550g fixed nitrogen bacillus, 480g carbon bacterium, 600g photosynthetic bacteria, 550g are added by every 1000L Nutrient medium
Alcaligenes dentrificans, 500g arthrobacterium, 570g bacillus thuringiensis, 520g Alcaligenes faecalis and 580g lactobacillus benchmark to battalion
It supports in base and above-mentioned various microbial bacterias is added, cultivated 7 days under the conditions of 25 DEG C, obtain ACM microbial nutrient solution.
The preparation of embodiment 3:ACM microbial nutrient solution
1) suitable potassium sulfate, ammonium dihydrogen phosphate, epsom salt, sodium iron ethylene diamine tetra acetate, boric acid, anhydrous chlorine are weighed
Change manganese, white vitriol, Salzburg vitriol, molybdic acid are received, glucide and water are configured to solution, control each group in acquired solution
The concentration divided is as follows: potassium sulfate 410g/L, ammonium dihydrogen phosphate 50g/L, epsom salt 120g/L, sodium iron ethylene diamine tetra acetate
20g/L, boric acid 10g/L, anhydrous Manganese chloride 0.7g/L, white vitriol 0.08g/L, Salzburg vitriol 0.04g/L, molybdic acid are received
0.02g/L, glucide 2100g/L (wherein sucrose 1000g/L, glucose 500g/L, honey 600g/L), obtain Nutrient medium；
2) 600g rhizobium, 600g fixed nitrogen bacillus, 400g carbon bacterium, 550g photosynthetic bacteria, 600g are added by every 1000L Nutrient medium
Alcaligenes dentrificans, 550g arthrobacterium, 600g bacillus thuringiensis, 500g Alcaligenes faecalis and 500g lactobacillus benchmark to battalion
It supports in base and above-mentioned various microbial bacterias is added, cultivated 5 days under the conditions of 30 DEG C (± 2 DEG C), obtain ACM microbial nutrient solution.
The preparation of embodiment 4:ACM microbial nutrient solution
1) suitable potassium sulfate, ammonium dihydrogen phosphate, epsom salt, sodium iron ethylene diamine tetra acetate, boric acid, anhydrous chlorine are weighed
Change manganese, white vitriol, Salzburg vitriol, molybdic acid are received, glucide and water are configured to solution, control each group in acquired solution
The concentration divided is as follows: potassium sulfate 400g/L, ammonium dihydrogen phosphate 60g/L, epsom salt 130g/L, sodium iron ethylene diamine tetra acetate
10g/L, boric acid 20g/L, anhydrous Manganese chloride 0.8g/L, white vitriol 0.10g/L, Salzburg vitriol 0.02g/L, molybdic acid are received
0.01g/L, glucide 2050g/L (wherein sucrose 1000g/L, glucose 500g/L, honey 550g/L) (sucrose 1000g, Portugal
Grape sugar 500g, ferine honey 550g), obtain Nutrient medium；
2) 700g rhizobium, 500g fixed nitrogen bacillus, 500g carbon bacterium, 650g photosynthetic bacteria, 500g are added by every 1000L Nutrient medium
Alcaligenes dentrificans, 450g arthrobacterium, 500g bacillus thuringiensis, 600g Alcaligenes faecalis and 600g lactobacillus benchmark to battalion
It supports in base and above-mentioned various microorganisms is added, cultivated 10 days under the conditions of 20 DEG C, obtain ACM microbial nutrient solution.
Embodiment 5: the preparation of organic matter
1) following components: cow dung 48%, perlite 5%, vermiculite 5%, calcium superphosphate 2%, ACM are weighed by mass percentage
Microbial flora solution (presses the weight of 1:50 by ACM microbial flora (ACM microbial flora formula is same as Example 3) and water
Amount proportion dilutes) 5% and surplus stalk (being made of bagasse and corncob by the weight of 1:1), it is spare；
2) stalk is crushed to -100 mesh, broken stalk and cow dung alternating layers is taken to bank up, each layer thickness control is in 20-
25cm, then ACM microbial flora solution is sprayed on cow dung, it is covered tightly, is obtained within anaerobic fermentation 15 days decomposed with black and white agricultural film later
Body；Wherein, to stir heap body every 7 days during fermentation primary；
3) the decomposed body of gained is uniformly mixed with perlite, vermiculite and calcium superphosphate to get organic matter is arrived, water content is
10-12%.
Embodiment 6: the preparation of organic matter
1) following components: cow dung 45%, perlite 3%, vermiculite 8%, calcium superphosphate 3%, ACM are weighed by mass percentage
Microbial flora solution (presses the weight of 1:20 by ACM microbial flora (ACM microbial flora formula is same as Example 3) and water
Amount proportion dilutes) 3% and surplus stalk (straw), it is spare；
2) stalk is crushed to 30-40 mesh, broken stalk and cow dung alternating layers is taken to bank up, each layer thickness control exists
20cm, then ACM microbial flora solution is sprayed on cow dung, it is covered tightly, is obtained within anaerobic fermentation 20 days decomposed with black and white agricultural film later
Body；Wherein, to stir heap body every 5 days during anaerobic fermentation primary；
3) the decomposed body of gained is uniformly mixed with perlite, vermiculite and calcium superphosphate to get organic matter is arrived, water content is
12-15%.
Embodiment 7: the preparation of organic material
1) following components: cow dung 50%, perlite 8%, vermiculite 3%, calcium superphosphate 1%, ACM are weighed by mass percentage
Microbial flora solution (presses the weight of 1:40 by ACM microbial flora (ACM microbial flora formula is same as Example 4) and water
Amount proportion dilutes) 8% and surplus stalk (husk), it is spare；
2) stalk is crushed to -200 mesh, broken stalk and cow dung alternating layers is taken to bank up, each layer thickness control in 25cm,
ACM microbial flora solution is sprayed on cow dung again, is covered tightly later with black and white agricultural film, obtains decomposed body within anaerobic fermentation 18 days；Its
In, it is primary that every 6 days heap body was stirred during anaerobic fermentation；
3) the decomposed body of gained is uniformly mixed with perlite, vermiculite and calcium superphosphate to get organic matter is arrived, water content is
10-13%.
Embodiment 8: Chinese yam is cultivated using Fig. 1 described device combination the method for the invention
1) organic matter made from embodiment 6 is put into the planting cup that specification is 10cm × 10cm, and by Chinese yam seed kind
It plants and is placed in each of solid growth bed one by one with horizontal plane angle in 90 ° in seed-bearing planting cup wherein, then will be planted
In implantation hole, this guarantees that the hole of the planting cup bottom is right against the implantation hole below the planting cup in the process；
2) when the temperature of solid growth bed peripheral environment is more than 30 DEG C, the spray for being located at the top of solid growth bed is opened
Water is sprayed top and surrounding in plant by head in the form of aerosol state, until environment temperature drops to presetting temperature 30
℃；The inside that implantation hole protrudes into solid growth bed is passed through in the root that seed is grown, and when the inner space of solid growth bed
When relative humidity≤30%, the spray head being located in solid growth bed inner space is opened, by ACM microbial nutrient solution (by implementing
The preparation of 2 the method for example) injection is in the rhizome of Chinese yam in the form of aerosol state, and the time sprayed every time is 1 minute, until Chinese yam
Until stem tuber maturation can pick；
Above-mentioned unmentioned part is managed by the method for existing Conventional aerosol cultivated plant.
Embodiment 9: Chinese yam gas is carried out in the vegetable growing base positioned at Qiezhou of the applicant by 8 the method for embodiment
The hanging knot potato test of mist cultivation
Solid growth bed is built by size in embodiment 1, adjacent cube implant bed spacing is 80cm, it is colonized spacing in the rows 15cm,
Line-spacing 20cm, mu plant 8360 plants.
It is planted from March 15th, 2012, unmentioned part routinely warm canopy aerosol cultivation technology pipe in 8 method of embodiment
Reason.It was harvested on September 18th, 2012.
As a result: Chinese yam stem tuber is always about 105-115cm, average single plant potato weight 3.68kg, maximum list potato weight 5.52kg, stem tuber
Grow well-balanced, commodity rate is high, converts per mu yield fresh sweet potato 30764.8kg.
During entire management: only with plantation, 1 people of administrative staff, 3600 degree of implant system power consumption, plant consumes ACM biology
Nutrient liquid fertilizer 93852kg.
Comparative example 1: knot potato is oriented in sandy hillside fields by traditional cultivation method and cultivates Chinese yam
By the weather conditions of Guangxi Qinzhou, sowing mid-April plants planting-line inclined-plane in distance by line-spacing 140-150cm ridging
The soil level elder generation laying specification of the depths 15cm is the plastic film of 12S, and gradient and horizontal plane are at 35 °；Chinese yam seed is on ridge
It is sowed in the soil of 5cm or so above apex distance hard material, spacing in the rows 20cm, mu plants 2230 plants.
Dose per acre: cow dung 1000kg, 50 jin of compound fertilizer make base manure, apply urea 20kg and potash fertilizer 20kg on June 23, and 9
Yue12Shi compound fertilizer 65kg；Water drenching is sprayed using spray irrigation system when tying potato phase arid.
Survey on November 28 produces, high yield plot, average single plant potato weight 2.25kg, maximum list potato weight 11.65kg, but stem tuber length
It is different, per mu yield fresh sweet potato 5017.5kg.
Use the per mu yield fresh sweet potato of the method for the invention for 30764.8kg/ batches, with directional cultivation method per mu yield fresh sweet potato
5017.5kg is compared, and increases production 25747.3kg/ batches.With the two batches of calculating of cultivation in 1 year, year units increased in production is 51494.6kg.
Embodiment 10: the test of Chinese yam aerial fog cultivation is carried out by the method for the invention
1) solid growth bed is built by size in embodiment 1, adjacent cube implant bed spacing is 80cm, planting cup spacing in the rows
15cm, line-spacing 20cm；
2) from April 3rd, 2013 plant, specification be 10cm × 10cm planting cup in be put into it is organic made from embodiment 6
Matter, and Chinese yam seed is planted with the angle kind in 90 ° with horizontal plane and is set one by one in seed-bearing planting cup wherein, then will be planted
In in each implantation hole of solid growth bed, this guarantees that the hole of the planting cup bottom is right against below the planting cup in the process
Implantation hole；8360 plants of mu plantation；
3) when the temperature of solid growth bed peripheral environment is more than 30 DEG C, the spray for being located at the top of solid growth bed is opened
Water is sprayed top and surrounding in plant by head in the form of aerosol state, until environment temperature drops to presetting temperature 30
℃；The inside that implantation hole protrudes into solid growth bed is passed through in the root that seed is grown, and when the inner space of solid growth bed
When relative humidity≤30%, the spray head being located in solid growth bed inner space is opened, by ACM microbial nutrient solution (by implementing
The preparation of 2 the method for example) injection is in the rhizome of Chinese yam in the form of aerosol state, and the time sprayed every time is 2 minutes, until Chinese yam
Until stem tuber maturation can pick；
Above-mentioned unmentioned part is managed by the method for existing Conventional aerosol cultivated plant.
It is harvested on October 24th, 2013.
As a result: the long 108-115cm of Chinese yam stem tuber, average single plant potato weight 4.52kg, maximum list potato weight 5.81kg, tuber growth
Well-balanced, commodity rate is high, converts per mu yield fresh sweet potato 37787.2kg.
Embodiment 11: the test of Chinese yam aerial fog cultivation is carried out by the method for the invention
1) solid growth bed is built by size in embodiment 1, adjacent cube implant bed spacing is 80cm, planting cup spacing in the rows
15cm, line-spacing 20cm；
2) from November 27th, 2013 plant, be put into planting cup in Nutrition Soil (the promise agriculture in Huai'an of promise organic substrate
Industry development in science and technology Co., Ltd), and Chinese yam seed is planted with the angle kind in 90 ° with horizontal plane in wherein, then kind is had
The planting cup of seed is placed in one by one in each implantation hole of solid growth bed, this is guaranteeing the hole of the planting cup bottom just in the process
For the implantation hole below the planting cup；8360 plants of mu plantation；
3) when the temperature of solid growth bed peripheral environment is more than 30 DEG C, the spray for being located at the top of solid growth bed is opened
Water is sprayed top and surrounding in plant by head in the form of aerosol state, until environment temperature drops to presetting temperature 30
℃；The inside that implantation hole protrudes into solid growth bed is passed through in the root that seed is grown, and when the inner space of solid growth bed
When relative humidity≤30%, the spray head being located in solid growth bed inner space is opened, by ACM microbial nutrient solution (by implementing
The preparation of 4 the method for example) injection is in the rhizome of Chinese yam in the form of aerosol state, and the time sprayed every time is 2 minutes, until Chinese yam
Until stem tuber maturation can pick；
Above-mentioned unmentioned part is managed by the method for existing Conventional aerosol cultivated plant.
It is harvested on May 11st, 2014.
As a result: the long 102-113cm of Chinese yam stem tuber, average single plant potato weight 4.43kg, maximum list potato weight 5.65kg, tuber growth
Well-balanced, commodity rate is high, converts per mu yield fresh sweet potato 37034.8kg.
Claims (7)
1. the method that Chinese yam aerial fog cultivation vacantly ties potato, comprising the following steps:
1) solid growth bed is constructed, climbing frame of the building for the rattan seedling climbing of Chinese yam in the top of solid growth bed；
2) it is put into organic matter in planting cup, and Chinese yam seed kind is set one by one in wherein, then planting seed-bearing planting cup
In in each implantation hole of solid growth bed, this guarantees that the hole of the planting cup bottom is right against below the planting cup in the process
Implantation hole；
3) when the root that seed is grown, which passes through implantation hole, protrudes into the inside of solid growth bed, according to implant bed internal environment humidity
Management require, ACM microbial nutrient solution is directly injected into the root of Chinese yam in the form of aerosol state, until Chinese yam stem tuber at
It is ripe；The ACM microbial nutrient solution is placed in Nutrient medium by ACM microbial flora and is cultivated 5-10 days under the conditions of 20-35 DEG C
And it obtains, in which:
The Nutrient medium contains following components in terms of 1000L: potassium sulfate 400-410g, ammonium dihydrogen phosphate 50-60g, seven water sulphur
Sour magnesium 120-130g, sodium iron ethylene diamine tetra acetate 10-20g, boric acid 10-20g, anhydrous Manganese chloride 0.7-0.8g, white vitriol
0.08-0.10g, Salzburg vitriol 0.02-0.04g, molybdic acid receive 0.01-0.02g, glucide 2000-2100g, surplus and are
Water；
The ACM microbial flora is by rhizobium, fixed nitrogen bacillus, carbon bacterium, photosynthetic bacteria, alcaligenes dentrificans, arthrobacterium, Su Yun
Golden bacillus, Alcaligenes faecalis and lactobacillus composition, their concentration in Nutrient medium are respectively 600-700g/1000L, 500-
600g/1000L、400-500g/1000L、550-650g/1000L、500-600g/1000L、450-550g/1000L、500-
600g/1000L, 500-600g/1000L and 500-600g/1000L.
2. the method that Chinese yam aerial fog cultivation according to claim 1 vacantly ties potato, it is characterised in that: described in step 1)
Organic matter be made of the component of following mass percents: cow dung 45-50%, perlite 3-8%, vermiculite 3-8%, calcium superphosphate
The stalk of 1-3%, ACM microbial nutrition flora solution 3-8% and surplus；Wherein, the stalk is selected from bagasse, corn
The selection of one or more of core, straw, straw and husk；The ACM microbial flora solution is by ACM microbial bacteria
Group and water are formed by the weight proportion of 1:20-50.
3. the method that Chinese yam aerial fog cultivation according to claim 2 vacantly ties potato, it is characterised in that: the organic matter is pressed
Following methods are made:
A) stalk is crushed, broken stalk and cow dung alternating layers is taken to bank up, each layer thickness control is in 20-25cm, then in cow dung
Upper spray ACM microbial flora solution, is covered tightly with waterproof material later, obtains decomposed body within anaerobic fermentation 15-20 days；Wherein, detest
It is primary that heap body was stirred every 5-7 days during aerobe fermentation；
B) the decomposed body of gained is uniformly mixed with perlite, vermiculite and calcium superphosphate to get.
4. the method that Chinese yam aerial fog cultivation according to any one of claim 1-3 vacantly ties potato, it is characterised in that: described
The longitudinal cross-section of solid growth bed is trapezoidal, rectangular or cylindricality, and Planting board conduct is only laid on the upper surface of solid growth bed
Chinese yam culturing and planting bed, it is uniformly distributed on Planting board to have implantation hole.
5. the method that Chinese yam aerial fog cultivation according to any one of claim 1-3 vacantly ties potato, it is characterised in that: described
The line-spacing that implantation hole is laid is 20cm, spacing in the rows 15cm.
6. the method that Chinese yam aerial fog cultivation according to any one of claim 1-3 vacantly ties potato, it is characterised in that: when vertical
ACM microbial nutrient solution is sprayed when relative humidity inside body implant bed≤30%, the time sprayed every time is 1-2 minutes.
7. the method that Chinese yam aerial fog cultivation according to any one of claim 1-3 vacantly ties potato, it is characterised in that: described
Climbing frame be plant climb net, or made of the bar of more horizontal and vertical settings with grid rattan teapoy.
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| CN106717802B (en) * | 2016-11-24 | 2021-02-26 | 陈念枢 | Planting device and cultivation method for Chinese yam |
| CN107568049A (en) * | 2017-11-06 | 2018-01-12 | 王永伟 | Soilless culture growth of watermelon method |
| CN108934868A (en) * | 2018-07-03 | 2018-12-07 | 江苏徐淮地区徐州农业科学研究所(江苏徐州甘薯研究中心) | A kind of anti-Chinese yam idioplasm resources bank garden store method mixed |
| CN109320353B (en) * | 2018-11-19 | 2021-08-24 | 南京工业大学 | Preparation method of nutrient solution for melon vegetable aeroponic cultivation |
| CN109438006B (en) * | 2018-11-19 | 2021-12-28 | 南京工业大学 | Preparation method of aeroponic green agricultural biological product nutrient solution |
| CN109596807B (en) * | 2018-11-30 | 2021-05-04 | 重庆地质矿产研究院 | Surface subsidence monitoring system |
| CN111011137A (en) * | 2019-11-28 | 2020-04-17 | 长江大学 | Chinese yam complementary part inclined plane seedling raising method |
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