CN104396651A - Rice seedling raising method - Google Patents
Rice seedling raising method Download PDFInfo
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- CN104396651A CN104396651A CN201410654933.2A CN201410654933A CN104396651A CN 104396651 A CN104396651 A CN 104396651A CN 201410654933 A CN201410654933 A CN 201410654933A CN 104396651 A CN104396651 A CN 104396651A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
- A01B79/00—Methods for working soil
- A01B79/02—Methods for working soil combined with other agricultural processing, e.g. fertilising, planting
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C1/00—Apparatus, or methods of use thereof, for testing or treating seed, roots, or the like, prior to sowing or planting
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/20—Cereals
- A01G22/22—Rice
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
- C05F3/00—Fertilisers from human or animal excrements, e.g. manure
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- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Soil Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Botany (AREA)
- Pretreatment Of Seeds And Plants (AREA)
- Cultivation Of Plants (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a rice seedling raising method which comprises seed selection, germination hastening, seeding and pest control. According to the method, the rice seedling raising is optimized, so that the growth vigor of seedlings is enhanced and furthermore the rice yield is obviously improved.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the implantation methods of a kind of crops, particularly the seedling-cultivating method of a kind of paddy rice.
Background technology
By promoting the hybrid rice of Academician YUAN Long-ping, not only solve the Chinese population grain accounting for the world 1/4th, and solve " bottleneck " that many Rice Cropping states of world output is difficult to improve, thus alleviation world food crisis is had very great help.
This is a gratifying progress, but along with the minimizing that the growth of China's population is ploughed, production-scale narrow and small, the shortage of water resource, the threat of arid, the series of problems such as propelling of conceding the land to forestry objectively all exacerbates the demand contradictory of grain, and the science and technology of adding China comparatively falls behind and service system weakness, more indicates the current food problem of China and also there is all hidden danger and risk can not look down upon.
And as present relied on high-tech transgenosis, although quality and the proterties of paddy rice can be changed, the output of crops can not be improved, meanwhile, because transgenic seed price is much higher than common breeding seed, thus add agricultural planting cost.
From actual plantation experience, finding out optimum proportion of crop planting method, improve grain yield with this, is then a feasible effective method, and the seedling-cultivating method of paddy rice plays vital effect to the whole output improving paddy rice.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention is to overcome above-mentioned deficiency existing in prior art, the seedling-cultivating method of a kind of paddy rice is provided.This seedling-cultivating method comprises seed selection, vernalization, sowing and the extermination of disease and insect pest.The present invention, by optimizing the seedling-cultivating method of paddy rice, strengthens the growing way of rice shoot, and then significantly improves the output of paddy rice.
In order to realize foregoing invention object, the invention provides following technical scheme:
Seedling-cultivating method of the present invention, comprise seed selection, vernalization, sowing and the extermination of disease and insect pest, it is characterized in that, concrete grammar is as follows:
(1) choose seeds: be the floating seed selection of sodium chloride solution of 10% with mass ratio, the flat kind of drift in removing, pulls the full seed rice of sedimentation out, and clear water is cleaned, for subsequent use;
(2) vernalization: shine 48 ~ 72h in the sun by through the full seed rice obtained of choosing seeds; Limewash with 1% is soaked seed 24 ~ 48h at 10 ~ 15 DEG C; Then seed is pulled out, clean with clear water; Adopt wet cloth parcel seed, be placed in 30 ~ 35 DEG C of incubator 10 ~ 16h;
(3) sow: select physical features higher, smooth, seep water moderate, irrigation and drainage easily rice seedling bed as the nursery land used of paddy rice, pine is dug in rice seedling bed, reaches that soil block is in small, broken bits, face, field is smooth, a trench digging point railway carriage or compartment, wide 120 ~ the 140cm in railway carriage or compartment, furrow width 20 ~ 30cm, ditch depth 10 ~ 15cm; Pig manure 120 ~ 160kg is executed in every mu of rice seedling bed, nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer 18 ~ 22kg; Then evenly sow; With plastic film, rice seedling bed is covered, after 20 days, remove film, allow rice shoot ventilate;
(4) extermination of disease and insect pest: rice seedling bed should be noted rice seedling blight, pythium rot and rice fulgorid damage by disease and insect, uses agricultural chemicals to prevent and treat if desired.
Implantation methods of the present invention, by the seedling-cultivating method of reasonably optimizing paddy rice, strengthens the growing way of rice shoot, and then improves the output of follow-up paddy rice.
Applicant, through testing discovery for many years, shines 48 ~ 72h in the sun by through the full seed rice obtained of choosing seeds, the moisture content of seed rice can be made consistent.Limewash with 1% is soaked seed 24 ~ 48h at 10 ~ 15 DEG C, is then pulled out by seed, cleans with clear water; Adopt wet cloth parcel seed again, be placed in 30 ~ 35 DEG C of incubator 10 ~ 16h, not only can improve the diseases and insect pests resistance of seed rice, and the germination rate of seed rice can be improved.Preferably, adopt wet cloth parcel seed in described step (2), be placed in 30 ~ 35 DEG C of incubator 12h.
Adopt pig manure and nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer to make base manure, the growing way of rice shoot can be strengthened.Preferably, in described step (2), pig manure 150kg is executed in every mu of rice seedling bed, nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer 20kg.Preferably, in described step (2) nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer, the weight ratio of N P and K is 1 ~ 1.5:0.5 ~ 0.8:0.8 ~ 1.Further preferably, in described step (2) nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer, the weight ratio of N P and K is 1:0.5:0.8.Preferred by rice seedling bed base manure, can the nutrient component of balanced seedling growth, to reach the object strengthening rice shoot growing way further.
Beneficial effect of the present invention is:
Seedling-cultivating method of the present invention, comprises seed selection, vernalization, sowing and the extermination of disease and insect pest.This seedling-cultivating method Germination Percentage of Rice is high.Seedling-cultivating method choose reasonable pig manure of the present invention and nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer make base manure simultaneously, and regulate the weight ratio of N P and K three in nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer, balanced seedling growth grow required for nutrient component, facilitate seedling growth, grow fine, for increasing production of rice lays the first stone.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with test example and embodiment, the present invention is described in further detail.But this should be interpreted as that the scope of the above-mentioned theme of the present invention is only limitted to following embodiment, all technology realized based on content of the present invention all belong to scope of the present invention.
Embodiment 1
(1) nursery
Seed selection: be the floating seed selection of sodium chloride solution of 10% with mass ratio, the flat kind of drift in removing, pulls the full seed rice of sedimentation out, and clear water is cleaned, for subsequent use;
Vernalization: shine 72h in the sun by through the full seed rice obtained of choosing seeds; Limewash with 1% is soaked seed 48h at 15 DEG C; Then seed is pulled out, clean with clear water; Adopt wet cloth parcel seed, be placed in 35 DEG C of incubator 12h;
Sowing: select physical features higher, smooth, seep water moderate, irrigation and drainage easily rice seedling bed as the nursery land used of paddy rice, pine is dug in rice seedling bed, reaches that soil block is in small, broken bits, face, field is smooth, a trench digging point railway carriage or compartment, the wide 130cm in railway carriage or compartment, furrow width 25cm, ditch depth 12cm; Pig manure 150kg is executed in every mu of rice seedling bed, nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer 20kg, and in described nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer, the weight ratio of N P and K three is 1:0.5:0.8; Then evenly sow by every mu of rice seedling bed 1kg rice paddy seed; With plastic film, rice seedling bed is covered, after 20 days, remove film, allow rice shoot ventilate;
The extermination of disease and insect pest: rice seedling bed should be noted rice seedling blight, pythium rot and rice fulgorid damage by disease and insect, uses agricultural chemicals to prevent and treat if desired.
(2) rice transplanting: before rice transplanting during whole ground, executes well-rotted farmyard manure 600kg for every mu, urea 4kg in soil; Adopt 30cm line-spacing × 20cm cave apart from rice transplanting;
(3) topdress: after rice transplanting 35 days, every mu of rice field imposes urea 6kg, potassium chloride 15kg, superphosphate 45kg; Full heading time every mu rice field imposes nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer 120kg again, and in described nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer, the weight ratio of N P and K three is 3:1:1;
(4) field management: time rice shoot is grown up, need extract weeds, adopts agricultural chemicals to remove insect; Tillering stage, based on shallow water management, promotes generation and the growth of low position tiller, in good time dry field, controls ineffective tillering, and young fringe formation, full heading time should add Deep irrigation;
(5) gather in the crops: when spike of rice hangs down, golden yellow full time, start harvesting.
Detect the wide and individual plant band tiller number of rice shoot individual plant stem foot that seedling-cultivating method described in the present embodiment cultivates.Individual plant stem foot is wide be every 10 strains of 20 strain rice shoot kept flat abut against according to " paddy rice observe the content and standard recorded " together with, measure the width of rice shoot base portion the widest part (comprise and tillering), its mean value is that individual plant stem foot is wide.Individual plant band tiller number is that sample 20 root and stem of certain plants and calculate the number of tillering, its 20 root and stem of certain plants mean value is individual plant band tiller number according to " paddy rice observes the content and standard recorded ".
Result obtains, and the rice shoot individual plant stem foot of the present embodiment cultivation is wide is 0.4cm, and individual plant band tiller number is 0.49.
Experiment and demonstration result shows, the rice shoot that seedling-cultivating method described in the present embodiment brings out, and its paddy rice average yield per mu reaches about 810 kilograms.
Embodiment 2
(1) nursery
Seed selection: be the floating seed selection of sodium chloride solution of 10% with mass ratio, the flat kind of drift in removing, pulls the full seed rice of sedimentation out, and clear water is cleaned, for subsequent use;
Vernalization: shine 48h in the sun by through the full seed rice obtained of choosing seeds; Limewash with 1% is soaked seed 48h at 10 DEG C; Then seed is pulled out, clean with clear water; Adopt wet cloth parcel seed, be placed in 30 DEG C of incubator 16h;
Sowing: select physical features higher, smooth, seep water moderate, irrigation and drainage easily rice seedling bed as the nursery land used of paddy rice, pine is dug in rice seedling bed, reaches that soil block is in small, broken bits, face, field is smooth, a trench digging point railway carriage or compartment, the wide 140cm in railway carriage or compartment, furrow width 20cm, ditch depth 10cm; Pig manure 120kg is executed in every mu of rice seedling bed, nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer 22kg, and in described nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer, the weight ratio of N P and K is 1.5:0.7:1; Then evenly sow by every mu of rice seedling bed 1.2kg rice paddy seed; With plastic film, rice seedling bed is covered, after 20 days, remove film, allow rice shoot ventilate;
The extermination of disease and insect pest: rice seedling bed should be noted rice seedling blight, pythium rot and rice fulgorid damage by disease and insect, uses agricultural chemicals to prevent and treat if desired.
(2) rice transplanting: before rice transplanting during whole ground, executes well-rotted farmyard manure 800kg for every mu, urea 3kg in soil; Adopt 30cm line-spacing × 20cm cave apart from rice transplanting;
(3) topdress: after rice transplanting 40 days, every mu of rice field imposes urea 7.5kg, potassium chloride 14kg, superphosphate 50kg; Full heading time every mu rice field imposes nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer 100kg again, and in described nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer, the weight ratio of N P and K three is 3:2:2;
(4) field management: time rice shoot is grown up, need extract weeds, adopts agricultural chemicals to remove insect; Tillering stage, based on shallow water management, promotes generation and the growth of low position tiller, in good time dry field, controls ineffective tillering, and young fringe formation, full heading time should add Deep irrigation;
(5) gather in the crops: when spike of rice hangs down, golden yellow full time, start harvesting.
Detect the wide and individual plant band tiller number of rice shoot individual plant stem foot that seedling-cultivating method described in the present embodiment cultivates.Detection method is with embodiment 1.Result obtains, and the rice shoot individual plant stem foot of the present embodiment cultivation is wide is 0.37cm, and individual plant band tiller number is 0.47.
Experiment and demonstration result shows, the rice shoot that seedling-cultivating method described in the present embodiment brings out, and its paddy rice average yield per mu reaches about 790 kilograms.
Embodiment 3
(1) nursery
Seed selection: be the floating seed selection of sodium chloride solution of 10% with mass ratio, the flat kind of drift in removing, pulls the full seed rice of sedimentation out, and clear water is cleaned, for subsequent use;
Vernalization: shine 60h in the sun by through the full seed rice obtained of choosing seeds; Limewash with 1% is soaked seed 24h at 15 DEG C; Then seed is pulled out, clean with clear water; Adopt wet cloth parcel seed, be placed in 35 DEG C of incubator 14h;
Sowing: select physical features higher, smooth, seep water moderate, irrigation and drainage easily rice seedling bed as the nursery land used of paddy rice, pine is dug in rice seedling bed, reaches that soil block is in small, broken bits, face, field is smooth, a trench digging point railway carriage or compartment, the wide 130cm in railway carriage or compartment, furrow width 28cm, ditch depth 15cm; Pig manure 160kg is executed in every mu of rice seedling bed, nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer 18kg, and in described nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer, the weight ratio of N P and K is 1:0.5:1; Then evenly sow by every mu of rice seedling bed 1.2kg rice paddy seed; With plastic film, rice seedling bed is covered, after 20 days, remove film, allow rice shoot ventilate;
The extermination of disease and insect pest: rice seedling bed should be noted rice seedling blight, pythium rot and rice fulgorid damage by disease and insect, uses agricultural chemicals to prevent and treat if desired.
(2) rice transplanting: before rice transplanting during whole ground, executes well-rotted farmyard manure 500kg for every mu, urea 5kg in soil; Adopt 30cm line-spacing × 20cm cave apart from rice transplanting;
(3) topdress: after rice transplanting 40 days, every mu of rice field imposes urea 5kg, potassium chloride 16kg, superphosphate 40kg; Full heading time every mu rice field imposes nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer 90kg again, and in described nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer, the weight ratio of N P and K three is 1:1:1;
(4) field management: time rice shoot is grown up, need extract weeds, adopts agricultural chemicals to remove insect; Tillering stage, based on shallow water management, promotes generation and the growth of low position tiller, in good time dry field, controls ineffective tillering, and young fringe formation, full heading time should add Deep irrigation;
(5) gather in the crops: when spike of rice hangs down, golden yellow full time, start harvesting.
Detect the wide and individual plant band tiller number of rice shoot individual plant stem foot that seedling-cultivating method described in the present embodiment cultivates.Detection method is with embodiment 1.Result obtains, and the rice shoot individual plant stem foot of the present embodiment cultivation is wide is 0.36cm, and individual plant band tiller number is 0.47.
Experiment and demonstration result shows, the rice shoot that seedling-cultivating method described in the present embodiment brings out, and its paddy rice average yield per mu reaches about 790 kilograms.
From embodiment 1 ~ 3, the rice shoot that breeding method of the present invention is cultivated, individual plant stem foot is wide reaches 0.35 ~ 0.4cm, and individual plant band tiller number can reach 0.45 ~ 0.49, and paddy rice average yield per mu can reach more than 790 kilograms, reaches as high as about 810 kilograms.Wherein, the wide comparatively embodiment 2 of individual plant stem foot of embodiment 1 and embodiment 3 improve 0.03cm, 0.04cm respectively, and individual plant band tiller number comparatively embodiment 2 and embodiment 3 improves 0.02 respectively; Rice yield and embodiment 2 with 3 rice yield compare, per mu yield adds about 20 kilograms respectively.Showing that the implantation methods described in embodiment 1 achieves non-obvious effect, is best implantation methods of the present invention.
Comparative example 1
(1) nursery
Seed selection: be the floating seed selection of sodium chloride solution of 10% with mass ratio, the flat kind of drift in removing, pulls the full seed rice of sedimentation out, and clear water is cleaned, for subsequent use;
Vernalization: shine 72h in the sun by through the full seed rice obtained of choosing seeds; Limewash with 1% is soaked seed 48h at 15 DEG C; Then seed is pulled out, clean with clear water; Adopt wet cloth parcel seed, be placed in 35 DEG C of incubator 12h;
Sowing: select physical features higher, smooth, seep water moderate, irrigation and drainage easily rice seedling bed as the nursery land used of paddy rice, pine is dug in rice seedling bed, reaches that soil block is in small, broken bits, face, field is smooth, a trench digging point railway carriage or compartment, the wide 130cm in railway carriage or compartment, furrow width 25cm, ditch depth 12cm; Pig manure 150kg is executed in every mu of rice seedling bed, nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer 20kg, and in described nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer, the weight ratio of N P and K three is 2:1:0.5; Then evenly sow by every mu of rice seedling bed 1kg rice paddy seed; With plastic film, rice seedling bed is covered, after 20 days, remove film, allow rice shoot ventilate;
The extermination of disease and insect pest: rice seedling bed should be noted rice seedling blight, pythium rot and rice fulgorid damage by disease and insect, uses agricultural chemicals to prevent and treat if desired.
Step (2) ~ (5) are all with embodiment 1.
Detect the wide and individual plant band tiller number of rice shoot individual plant stem foot that seedling-cultivating method described in this comparative example cultivates.Detection method is with embodiment 1.Result obtains, and the rice shoot individual plant stem foot of this comparative example cultivation is wide is 0.32cm, and individual plant band tiller number is 0.44.
Experiment and demonstration result shows, the rice shoot that seedling-cultivating method described in the present embodiment brings out, and its paddy rice average yield per mu reaches about 770 kilograms.
From this comparative example, breeding method described in this comparative example (namely in seeding process the weight ratio of nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer N P and K three not in the scope of the claim protection) rice shoot cultivated, the wide only 0.32cm of individual plant stem foot, comparatively embodiment 1 reduces 0.08cm; Individual plant band tiller number only 0.44, comparatively embodiment 1 reduces 0.05.Paddy rice average yield per mu comparatively embodiment 1 reduces about 40 kilograms.
Comparative example 2
(1) nursery
Seed selection: be the floating seed selection of sodium chloride solution of 10% with mass ratio, the flat kind of drift in removing, pulls the full seed rice of sedimentation out, and clear water is cleaned, for subsequent use;
Sowing: select physical features higher, smooth, seep water moderate, irrigation and drainage easily rice seedling bed as the nursery land used of paddy rice, pine is dug in rice seedling bed, reaches that soil block is in small, broken bits, face, field is smooth, a trench digging point railway carriage or compartment, the wide 130cm in railway carriage or compartment, furrow width 25cm, ditch depth 12cm; Pig manure 150kg is executed in every mu of rice seedling bed, nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer 20kg, and in described nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer, the weight ratio of N P and K three is 1:0.5:0.8; Then evenly sow by every mu of rice seedling bed 1kg rice paddy seed; With plastic film, rice seedling bed is covered, after 20 days, remove film, allow rice shoot ventilate;
The extermination of disease and insect pest: rice seedling bed should be noted rice seedling blight, pythium rot and rice fulgorid damage by disease and insect, uses agricultural chemicals to prevent and treat if desired.
Step (2) ~ (5) are all with embodiment 1.
Detect the wide and individual plant band tiller number of rice shoot individual plant stem foot that seedling-cultivating method described in this comparative example cultivates.Detection method is with embodiment 1.Result obtains, and the rice shoot individual plant stem foot of this comparative example cultivation is wide is 0.32cm, and individual plant band tiller number is 0.41.
Experiment and demonstration result shows, the rice shoot that seedling-cultivating method described in the present embodiment brings out, and its paddy rice average yield per mu reaches about 760 kilograms.
From this comparative example, the rice shoot that breeding method described in this comparative example (namely seed rice is without vernalization process) is cultivated, the wide only 0.32cm of individual plant stem foot, comparatively embodiment 1 reduces 0.08cm; Individual plant band tiller number only 0.41, comparatively embodiment 1 reduces 0.08.Paddy rice per mu yield comparatively embodiment 1 reduces about 50 kilograms.
Claims (4)
1. a seedling-cultivating method for paddy rice, comprise seed selection, vernalization, sowing and the extermination of disease and insect pest, it is characterized in that, concrete grammar is as follows:
(1) choose seeds: be the floating seed selection of sodium chloride solution of 10% with mass ratio, the flat kind of drift in removing, pulls the full seed rice of sedimentation out, and clear water is cleaned, for subsequent use;
(2) vernalization: shine 48 ~ 72h in the sun by through the full seed rice obtained of choosing seeds; Limewash with 1% is soaked seed 24 ~ 48h at 10 ~ 15 DEG C; Then seed is pulled out, clean with clear water; Adopt wet cloth parcel seed, be placed in 30 ~ 35 DEG C of incubator 10 ~ 16h;
(3) sow: select physical features higher, smooth, seep water moderate, irrigation and drainage easily rice seedling bed as the nursery land used of paddy rice, pine is dug in rice seedling bed, reaches that soil block is in small, broken bits, face, field is smooth, a trench digging point railway carriage or compartment, wide 120 ~ the 140cm in railway carriage or compartment, furrow width 20 ~ 30cm, ditch depth 10 ~ 15cm; Pig manure 120 ~ 160kg is executed in every mu of rice seedling bed, nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer 18 ~ 22kg; Then evenly sow; With plastic film, rice seedling bed is covered, after 20 days, remove film, allow rice shoot ventilate;
(4) extermination of disease and insect pest: rice seedling bed should be noted rice seedling blight, pythium rot and rice fulgorid damage by disease and insect, uses agricultural chemicals to prevent and treat if desired.
2. seedling-cultivating method according to claim 1, is characterized in that: adopt wet cloth parcel seed in described step (2), be placed in 30 ~ 35 DEG C of incubator 12h.
3. seedling-cultivating method according to claim 1, is characterized in that: in described step (2) nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer, the weight ratio of N P and K is 1 ~ 1.5:0.5 ~ 0.8:0.8 ~ 1.
4. seedling-cultivating method according to claim 1, is characterized in that: in described step (2) nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer, the weight ratio of N P and K is 2 ~ 3:1 ~ 2:1 ~ 2.
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