CN107509576B - Method for high-position grafting cultivation of sakura pendula by taking sakura huazhou as rootstock - Google Patents
Method for high-position grafting cultivation of sakura pendula by taking sakura huazhou as rootstock Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention provides a method for high-position grafting cultivation of sakura virgata by taking sakura virgata as a stock. The method has the advantages that the cherry is used as the stock, the affinity is strong, the wound healing is fast, and the growth of the scion is rapid, the scion is soaked by the treatment solution, the steps and parameters of high-position multi-head grafting are optimized, the propagation speed of the cherry is accelerated, 20-30 branches can be extracted in spring in one year after the scion is grafted, the longest growth length of each branch can reach 1.5m when the branch leaves fall in autumn and winter, 20-30 branches can sprout in the next year after the bud leaves fall in the last year, the wound healing is complete in the third year, the crown is full, and the high-grafted seedlings can be used for engineering projects.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of garden plant breeding, and particularly relates to a method for cultivating cherry blossom with cerasus serrulata as a stock through high-position grafting.
Background
The cherry is a general name of several plants of the Rosaceae, the genus Cerasus (Cerasus), and the new revised name of the Chinese plant record refers to 'Tokyo cherry', also called 'Japanese cherry' and 'Jianghu cherry'. According to the record of the Japanese scholars' cherry big thesis, the earliest origin of cherry blossom is China, grows in Himalayan mountain and then enters Japan. As early as in the Qin and Han dynasties, the cultivation of oriental cherry has been applied to the aster, which has been more than 2000 years old today. The cultivation of oriental cherries in Japan has been over 1000 years old, and many varieties, including hundreds of varieties of artificial hybrids and wild varieties. Cherry blossom is delicate and beautiful in color, and blooms more than plum blossom and peach blossom, and a tree is almost a flower ball, is far from the flower ball and is very spectacular. In particular, the cherry blossom with weeping branches is soft and graceful, and the flower type and the flower color are beautiful, so that the cherry blossom with weeping branches is popular with garden workers in recent years (the royal red plum, Li Yuan Li. the primary study on the ornamental property of the cherry blossom with weeping branches. the biotechnology world. 2015 (8): 16-17.). The ornamental value and the application value of the oriental cherry in gardens are extremely high, and the demands for seedlings and engineering seedlings in the market are on the rising trend in recent years.
At present, the propagation methods of the cherries are mostly cuttage and low-position grafting. The cutting propagation has the advantages of complex operation, low survival rate, continuous trimming of lateral branches at the lower part of a trunk in the later period for creating the trunk tree form of the great bank, and binding of bamboo poles on saplings to prevent the tree form from being influenced by too many lateral branches due to the slender branches of the cherry blossom on the weeping branch. The management measures all cause the labor cost of the later-period management of the cutting seedlings to be increased, and moreover, the method also has the problem that the soil nutrient and the photosynthesis nutrient are too much lost on the lateral branches at the lower part of the trunk, so that the trunk is not beneficial to growth. In addition, the low-position grafting method is generally to graft on the position of the annual stock in the same place, on one hand, the survival rate is not high due to the incompatibility of the stock and the scion, or the scion dies in the early survival later stage, so that the tragic training affecting the production plan exists, such as in Hunan and Shandong; therefore, the selection of the grafted stock variety by cultivating the long-life and strong-growing seedling of the oriental cherry is very important. On the other hand, the low grafting is also caused by the fact that a grafting opening is too close to the ground, so that the problems that wound infection exists, side branches at the lower part of a trunk are required to be continuously trimmed in the later period, bamboo poles are required to be tied on young trees, and the trunk of the tree body is not scattered in nutrients and the tree body is not inclined due to too many side branches are caused.
In practice, the survival rate of the high-position grafting of the cherry blossom with the weeping branch is usually low, so that the gardening cost is increased, and the gardening appearance is not satisfactory, so that a high-position grafting method of the cherry blossom with the high survival rate is urgently needed, and the high-position grafting method has positive effects on the beautification and the benefit of the garden landscape. Chinese patent CN104996170A discloses a double-color cherry blossom high-position grafting method, which comprises the following steps: during grafting, the stock seedlings are cultivated, so that the stock seedlings grow to be more than 1m, when the diameter of a stem at the height of 1m is 2cm, the top ends of the stock seedlings are cut off, the stock seedlings are coated with a healing agent, and the stock seedlings are coated with potassium permanganate to serve as the stock; and selecting branches and/or branch buds and/or leaf buds of the cherries rosea as scions a and branches and/or branch buds and/or leaf buds of the cherries rosea as scions b, obliquely opening 1.5cm deep openings at the position 2cm below the top end of the stock, respectively opening one opening at each of two opposite sides of the stock, dripping 2-3 drops of a healing agent and 5-6 drops of nutrient solution by using a dropper, inserting the scion a into one opening on the stock, inserting the scion b into the other opening opposite to the stock, dripping 2-3 drops of the nutrient solution by using a dropper, winding 5-6 layers by using a film, preventing the growth of foot seedlings of the stock and top seedlings of the stock, and performing conventional management to complete the high-position grafting of the cherries. However, the rootstock selected by the patent technology is obtained by scattering the wild cherry seeds into a seedling raising field after physical germination acceleration, and the germination acceleration step is complicated.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the technical difficulty of low survival rate during high-position grafting of the sakura, the inventor researches and explores a rootstock selection method, a scion treatment method, a grafting method and parameters through a large number of tests to finally obtain the high-position grafting method of the sakura, which has the advantages of high survival rate, rapid propagation, strong affinity and simple and convenient management.
Specifically, the technical scheme of the invention is summarized as follows: a method for cultivating weeping cherry blossom by using cerasus huashanensis as a rootstock through high-position grafting comprises the following steps:
(1) selecting the rootstock: selecting perennial Cerasus (Cerasus conradinea) with a diameter at breast height of 12-14cm and a trunk branch point of 2.8-3.2m as a stock, selecting branches with uniformly distributed angles and thicknesses of 2-3cm on the stock as cut-grafting interfaces, wherein the distance between the interfaces on the high grafting strips and the trunk branch point is 10-20 cm;
(2) scion pruning: cutting a long inclined plane at the lower bud of the cherry scion, wherein the length of the long inclined plane is 1.5-2cm, and cutting a short inclined plane at the opposite side of the long inclined plane, and the length of the short inclined plane is 0.5-1 cm; cutting the scion of the cherry blossoms into small sections with 2-4 buds and the length of 7-8cm, and winding the small sections at the top end of the scion by using an insulating adhesive tape adhesive strip for binding and sealing; soaking the trimmed oblique end of the scion of the sakura cherry in a treatment solution for 2-3h for later use, wherein the treatment solution is a water-decocted concentrated solution of semen Scaphii Lychnophori, which is dried mature seed of Sterculia Lychnophora Hance (Sterculia lychnophora Hance) of Sterculiaceae;
(3) grafting operation: cutting 2-3 rootstock branches with uniformly distributed angles at a position 10-20cm away from a trunk branch point on a cerasus huashanensis high-grafting branch, reserving 1-2 rootstock branches which are not cut short, cutting a 1-2cm deep cut at one side or two pairs of edges of xylem of the short section of the rootstock branches, inserting the scion long inclined plane trimmed in the step (2) towards the cerasus huashanensis rootstock, aligning cambiums at one side, and binding and fixing.
Further preferably, the method for cultivating the oriental cherry by using the oriental cherry as the rootstock through high-position grafting is as described above, wherein the distance between the interface on the high grafting strip in the step (1) and the branch point of the trunk is 15-20 cm.
Further preferably, the method for cultivating the cherry blossom on the weeping cherry by high-position grafting with the cherry blossom as the rootstock as described above, wherein a long inclined plane is cut at 1cm of the lower bud of the cherry blossom in the step (2) when the scion is pruned.
Further preferably, the method for cultivating the sakura virgata by using the sakura chinensis as the rootstock through high-position grafting is described above, wherein the treatment solution in the step (2) is prepared by the following method: weighing dry mature seeds of boat-fruited sterculia seed, adding water, boiling, decocting with slow fire for 2-3h, collecting decoction, and concentrating until the treatment liquid per ml is equivalent to that prepared from 3-5g dry mature seeds of boat-fruited sterculia seed.
Further preferably, the method for cultivating the cherry blossom with the cerasus serrulata as the rootstock through high-position grafting is described above, wherein 7-10 days after the grafting operation in the step (3) is completed, scion buds begin to sprout, and simultaneously, when the lower buds and the upper buds of the rootstock also begin to sprout, the buds and branches sprouting at the lower part of the rootstock are wiped off.
Further preferably, the method for cultivating the cherry blossom pendants by using the cherry blossom as the rootstock through high-position grafting is adopted, wherein after the grafting operation in the step (3) is completed for 2-3 months, all the upper and lower rootstock branches are wiped off.
Still further preferably, the method for cultivating the sakura virgata by using the sakura virgata as the rootstock in the high position grafting manner is adopted, wherein the method generally selects grafting before the early spring sakura is germinated, and can be determined according to the material of each place.
Still further preferably, the method for cultivating sakura at an elevated position by using sakura huazhong as a rootstock as described above, wherein the variety of the scion is selected from the group consisting of sakura (Cerasus sphahiana 'Pendula'), erythrophylla (Cerasus sphaeroida 'Pendula Rosea'), erythrophylla (Cerasus sphahiana 'Pleno-Rosea'), Cerasus serrulata (Cerasus sphaeroida 'unleau-shidare'), Cerasus serrulata (Cerasus sphaeroida 'Pendula'), Cerasus serrulata (Cerasus sphaera serrulata 'Pendula'), Cerasus serrula (Cerasus serrula 'serrulata-shidare'), Cerasus serrula 'rosaria serrulata'.
Compared with the prior art, the grafting method of the weeping cherry blossom related by the invention has the following advantages and progresses:
(1) the invention adopts the cherries belonging to the genus cerasus of the family rosaceae and the genus cerasus of the family rosaceae as the rootstocks, has the advantages of strong affinity, fast wound healing and fast scion growth, accelerates the propagation speed of the cherries of the weeping branches by soaking the scions in the treatment solution and optimizing the steps and parameters of high-position multi-head grafting, can draw out 20-30 branches in the same year after one scion is grafted in spring, can lead the longest growth length of each branch to reach 1.5m when leaves fall in autumn and winter, can sprout 20-30 branches after the buds in the next year, leads the wounds to heal perfectly in the third year, leads the crowns to be plump, and can be used for engineering projects after high-grafted seedlings are planted.
(2) In addition, by using the method, the grafting survival rate of the oriental cherry can reach more than 96 percent, the operation is simple and convenient, the production efficiency is high, the later-period maintenance management is easy, the large-size oriental cherry engineering nursery stock can be cultivated within 3 years, the crown is full, the crown is beautiful, the oriental cherry can be put to the market as soon as possible, and a new germplasm is provided for landscaping.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a photograph of a cherry blossom grafted on a high position of a rootstock on a field;
FIG. 2 is a photograph of Prunus laevigata in the next year after Prunus laevigata is grafted at the high position of the stock.
FIG. 3 is another photograph of Prunus laevigata in the next year after the Prunus laevigata is grafted at the high position of the stock.
Detailed Description
The following examples further illustrate the practice and benefits of the methods of the present invention, and are intended for illustrative purposes only and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention, as modifications apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art in light of the present disclosure are intended to be included within the scope of the present invention.
Example 1
(1) Selecting the rootstock: selecting perennial Cerasus (Cerasus conradinea) with a diameter at breast height of 12-14cm and a trunk branch point of 2.8-3.0m as a stock, selecting 2-3 branches with the thickness of 2-3cm and uniformly distributed angles on the stock as cut-grafting interfaces, and enabling the distance between the interface on the high grafting strip and the branch point of the trunk to be 15-20 cm;
(2) scion pruning: cutting a long inclined plane at 1cm of the lower bud of the cherry scion, wherein the length of the long inclined plane is 1.5-2cm, and cutting a short inclined plane at the opposite side of the long inclined plane, and the length of the short inclined plane is 0.8-1 cm; cutting the scion of the cherry blossoms into small sections with 2-4 buds and the length of 7-8cm, and winding the small sections at the top end of the scion by using an insulating adhesive tape adhesive strip for binding and sealing; soaking the trimmed oblique end of the scion of the cherries in a treatment solution for 2-3h for later use, wherein the treatment solution is a water-decocted concentrated solution of scaphium scaphigerum and is prepared by the following method: weighing 500g of dried mature seeds of the scaphium scaphigerum, adding 30 times of water, boiling, decocting with slow fire for 3h, collecting decoction, and concentrating until each milliliter of treatment solution is equivalent to that prepared from 4g of dried mature seeds of the scaphium scaphigerum;
(3) grafting operation: before early spring oriental cherry sprouting, 2-3 rootstock branches with evenly distributed angles are cut short at a position 15-20cm away from a trunk branch point on a high-grafted branch of oriental cherry in Huazhong, 1-2 rootstock branches which are not cut short are reserved, a 1-2cm deep cut is cut at the edges of two opposite sides of the short section of the rootstock branches, the long inclined plane of the scion trimmed in the step (2) is inserted towards the oriental cherry rootstock, cambiums on one side are aligned, and an insulating tape is used for binding (see figure 1). After 7-10 days of grafting, scion buds begin to sprout, simultaneously, buds on the lower part and the upper part of the rootstock begin to sprout, in order to ensure survival and vegetative growth of the scion, the buds and branches sprouting on the lower part of the rootstock are timely wiped off, and partial branches are reserved on the upper part so as to carry out photosynthesis and meet the requirement of scion growth. And after the scion branches grow for 2-3 months, all the upper and lower stock branches are wiped off so as to allow the scions to grow rapidly.
The selected variety of the cherry scion for weeping is Cerasus serrulata (Cerasus serrulata 'Pendula'), erythropsis rubescens (Cerasus subfurtella 'Pendula Rosea'), octaplex erythropsis rubescens (Cerasus serrulata 'Pleno-Rosea'), Cerasus raindrop ceras (Cerasus serrulata 'ujuo-shidare'), Cerasus serrulata 'Pendula', and Cerasus serrulata 'rosa serrulata' (Cerasus serrulata 'Yoshino-shidare'), wherein 20-30 branches can be extracted from one scion in the same year in spring, and the longest growth length of each branch can reach 1.5m when falling leaves in winter. The buds of the last year can germinate 20-30 shoots per bud (see figure 2 and figure 3). In the third year, the wound is well healed, the crown is full, and the high-grafting seedlings can be outplanted for engineering projects. In the embodiment, the total number of 203 scions of 72 cherries are grafted, and after grafting is carried out for 3 months, survival conditions are observed, the survival rate reaches 96.1 percent, and 195 scions survive.
Example 2
In this example, Cerasus fructicosa Pall was selected as the stock, and the other steps were the same as in example 1. The number of grafted scions of the Sakura cherry 78 is 210, survival conditions are observed after grafting for 3 months, the survival rate reaches 43.8 percent when 92 scions survive, and 13-18 branches are extracted from each scion in the current year.
Example 3
This example selects Cerasus serrulata var. lannesiana 'Kanzan' as the rootstock, and the other steps are the same as in example 1. The total number of 199 scions of the cherry saplings is grafted, the survival condition is observed after 3 months of grafting, 114 scions survive, the survival rate reaches 57.3 percent, and 7-15 branches are extracted from each scion in the current year.
Example 4
In this example, Cerasus serrulata (Cerasus conradinae) was selected as the stock, and the procedure was the same as in example 1 except that the stock was not soaked in the treatment solution. The total number of 186 scions of the oriental cherry 65 plants are grafted, the survival condition is observed after grafting for 3 months, 137 scions survive, the survival rate reaches 73.6 percent, and 14-17 branches are extracted from each scion in the current year.
Claims (6)
1. A method for cultivating weeping cherry blossom by using cerasus huashanensis as a rootstock through high-position grafting comprises the following steps:
(1) selecting the rootstock: selecting perennial cerasus chinensis with a diameter at breast height of 12-14cm and a trunk branch point of 2.8-3.2m as a stock, selecting branches with uniformly distributed angles and thicknesses of 2-3cm on the stock as cut-grafting interfaces, and enabling the distance between the interfaces on the high grafting strips and the trunk branch point to be 10-20 cm;
(2) scion pruning: cutting a long inclined plane at the lower bud of the cherry scion, wherein the length of the long inclined plane is 1.5-2cm, and cutting a short inclined plane at the opposite side of the long inclined plane, and the length of the short inclined plane is 0.5-1 cm; cutting the scion of the cherry blossoms into small sections with 2-4 buds and the length of 7-8cm, and winding the small sections at the top end of the scion by using an insulating adhesive tape adhesive strip for binding and sealing; soaking the trimmed oblique end of the scion of the cherry saplings into a treatment solution for 2-3h for later use, wherein the treatment solution is a water-decocted concentrated solution of scaphium scaphigerum;
(3) grafting operation: cutting 2-3 rootstock branches with uniformly distributed angles at a position 10-20cm away from a trunk branch point on a cerasus huashanensis high-grafting branch, reserving 1-2 rootstock branches which are not cut short, cutting a 1-2cm deep cut at one side or two pairs of edges of xylem of the short section of the rootstock branches, inserting the scion long inclined plane trimmed in the step (2) towards the cerasus huashanensis rootstock, aligning cambiums at one side, and binding and fixing;
the treatment liquid in the step (2) is prepared by the following method: weighing dried mature seeds of boat-fruited sterculia seed, adding water, boiling, decocting with slow fire for 2-3h, collecting decoction, and concentrating to 4g raw material/mL;
the variety of the scion is selected from branch drop cherry, red branch drop, eight-fold red branch drop, Yuqing branch drop, Jianghu drop cherry, mountain cherry branch drop and Jiye branch drop.
2. The method for high-position grafting cultivation of sakura chinensis by taking sakura chinensis as rootstock according to claim 1, wherein the distance between the interface on the high graft strip in the step (1) and the branch point of the trunk is 15-20 cm.
3. The method for cultivating cherry blossom on top of China as claimed in claim 1, wherein a long bevel is cut at 1cm position of the scion of cherry blossom on the top of the cherry blossom in step (2).
4. The method for cultivating cherry blossoms at high positions by grafting with cherries in China as rootstocks according to claim 1, wherein scion buds begin to sprout 7-10 days after the grafting operation in the step (3), and buds and branches sprouting at the lower parts of the rootstocks are wiped off when the buds at the lower parts and the upper parts of the rootstocks also begin to sprout.
5. The method for cultivating cherry blossoms at high positions by grafting with cherry blossoms as stocks according to claim 1, wherein all the upper and lower stock branches are wiped off after the grafting operation in the step (3) is completed for 2-3 months.
6. The method for cultivating the sakura at the high position by grafting with sakura huazhou as a rootstock according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the method selects grafting before the germination of the sakura in early spring.
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| CN108668731A (en) * | 2018-03-28 | 2018-10-19 | 江苏农林职业技术学院 | A kind of breeding method of oriental cherry grafting |
| CN108781828A (en) * | 2018-05-10 | 2018-11-13 | 广德县东亭乡绘绿苗木种植家庭农场 | The high connecting method of weeping branch type trees |
| CN111802157A (en) * | 2020-07-16 | 2020-10-23 | 宁波城市职业技术学院 | Stock selection method for domestic main cultivated variety oriental cherry |
| CN111802165A (en) * | 2020-07-28 | 2020-10-23 | 宁波城市职业技术学院 | Method capable of remarkably improving success rate of oriental cherry grafting in summer |
| CN112119780A (en) * | 2020-10-16 | 2020-12-25 | 广西禾珞农业科技有限公司 | Layered grafting method for pollination of ananas comosus |
| CN112673828A (en) * | 2020-12-30 | 2021-04-20 | 昆明春景园林绿化有限责任公司 | Method for grafting Yunan cherry blossom on big winter cherry blossom tree high branch |
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| CN102687637A (en) * | 2012-06-19 | 2012-09-26 | 江苏八达园林股份有限公司 | Method for quickly breeding large-size cherry blossom seedlings |
| CN103918487B (en) * | 2014-05-04 | 2016-07-06 | 华艺生态园林股份有限公司 | A kind of oriental cherry engrafting method |
| CN104996170A (en) * | 2015-06-30 | 2015-10-28 | 普定县富民种养殖专业合作社 | Double-color sakura top grafting method |
| CN105210679A (en) * | 2015-09-14 | 2016-01-06 | 湖南绿博农林开发有限公司 | A kind of oriental cherry grafting method |
| CN106234038A (en) * | 2016-07-29 | 2016-12-21 | 太仓市新滨农场专业合作社 | A kind of engrafting method of Fructus Pruni pseudocerasi |
| CN106856971A (en) * | 2017-04-13 | 2017-06-20 | 杨寨 | A kind of greenhouse watermelon high-yield planting method |
| CN107027522A (en) * | 2017-05-04 | 2017-08-11 | 旌德县侯家庄生态旅游有限公司 | A kind of engrafting method of oriental cherry |
| CN107094505A (en) * | 2017-05-26 | 2017-08-29 | 武汉市园林科学研究所 | A kind of method of Chinese red oriental cherry high position grafting |
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