CN1188024C - Cotoneaster multiflorus grafting arbor method - Google Patents
Cotoneaster multiflorus grafting arbor method Download PDFInfo
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- CN1188024C CN1188024C CNB031341462A CN03134146A CN1188024C CN 1188024 C CN1188024 C CN 1188024C CN B031341462 A CNB031341462 A CN B031341462A CN 03134146 A CN03134146 A CN 03134146A CN 1188024 C CN1188024 C CN 1188024C
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 37
- 241001640548 Cotoneaster multiflorus Species 0.000 title 1
- 241001092040 Crataegus Species 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 25
- 244000134336 Malus baccata Species 0.000 claims description 15
- 235000005079 Malus baccata Nutrition 0.000 claims description 15
- 235000009917 Crataegus X brevipes Nutrition 0.000 claims description 13
- 235000013204 Crataegus X haemacarpa Nutrition 0.000 claims description 13
- 235000009685 Crataegus X maligna Nutrition 0.000 claims description 13
- 235000009444 Crataegus X rubrocarnea Nutrition 0.000 claims description 13
- 235000009486 Crataegus bullatus Nutrition 0.000 claims description 13
- 235000017181 Crataegus chrysocarpa Nutrition 0.000 claims description 13
- 235000009682 Crataegus limnophila Nutrition 0.000 claims description 13
- 235000004423 Crataegus monogyna Nutrition 0.000 claims description 13
- 235000002313 Crataegus paludosa Nutrition 0.000 claims description 13
- 235000009840 Crataegus x incaedua Nutrition 0.000 claims description 13
- 235000013399 edible fruits Nutrition 0.000 claims description 13
- 238000005138 cryopreservation Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000004744 fabric Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 241001507946 Cotoneaster Species 0.000 abstract description 6
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 241001480175 Angophora hispida Species 0.000 abstract 2
- 235000014493 Crataegus Nutrition 0.000 abstract 2
- 230000035876 healing Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000004083 survival effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Glycerine Chemical compound OCC(O)CO PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 230000018044 dehydration Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000006297 dehydration reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
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- 238000009331 sowing Methods 0.000 description 3
- 235000017159 Crataegus pinnatifida Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 241000657480 Crataegus pinnatifida Species 0.000 description 2
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000034303 cell budding Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000000284 resting effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 241000006479 Cyme Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000220225 Malus Species 0.000 description 1
- 240000007594 Oryza sativa Species 0.000 description 1
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- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
The present invention relates to a method of grafting multiflorous cotoneaster on arbores and belongs to the technology of grafting and nurturing seedlings. The annual hardening branches of the mature nursery stock of the multiflorous cotoneaster are used as scions; the nursery stocks that the chest diameter is from 5 to 8cm of hawthorns or dwarf apples are used as the parental stocks; the scion is grafted on the nursery stock of the hawthorns or the dwarf apples; the graft joint is selected in the position that the height is from 1.5 to 1.8m. The method can shorten the time that the nursery stocks of the multiflorous cotoneaster are transplanted; thus, the cost is reduced; the feasible schemes are provided for a large number of the multiflorous cotoneaster nursery stocks to be used in gardens.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the graft seedling growth technology, be specially the method for a kind of water Xun (Cotoneaster multifiorus) grafting on hawthorn (Crataegus pinnatifida) and Siberian crabapple arbors such as (Malus baccata).
Background technology
Water Xun (Cotoneaster multifiorus) is a machaka, and branch is thin, often is bow action, the sprig bronzing, and stipule is linear, comes off; Blade is avette, and the surface does not have hair, spends majority, and about 5-21 becomes loose cyme; Petal is open and flat, white; Fruit is subsphaeroidal, the about 8mm of diameter, redness, the florescence 5-6 month, the fruit phase 8-11 month, like light and anti-slightly the moon, more cold-resistant, extremely drought-resistant and barren, spend numerous fruit gorgeous, autumn, haw was innumerable, did not prolongedly wither, and was good sight flower, saw the fruit tree kind, should plant in by flower garden, park, the residence, on the lawn, but isolated planting, group planting, if match with mountain stone, rather attractive in appearance, be generally sowing or cottage propagation.Since water Xun is used to afforestation, be subjected to the consistent of circle, gardens always and approve, propagation method adopts sowing and cottage propagation always.Because water Xun growth rate is slower, the seedling-wood breeding cost is higher, so use seldom on gardens at present.
Summary of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of water Xun grafting arbor method, this method can shorten going out the garden time of water Xun nursery stock, thereby reduces cost, and widely applying in gardens for it provides feasible program.
Technical scheme of the present invention is:
A kind of water Xun grafting arbor method, with becoming the annual hardening branch of boiled water Xun nursery stock as scion, reach the hawthorn of 5～8cm or Siberian crabapple nursery stock as stock with chest stem (liftoff about 1.3 meters), with the scion grafting on hawthorn or Siberian crabapple nursery stock, the grafting interface is selected in 1.5～1.8 meters eminences, and interface heals under field conditions (factors), and its greening shrub type is become greening arbor type after grafting is handled, shorten the outplanting time greatly, and enlarge the range of application in afforestation.
The present invention can be with 7 years, 8 years living nursery stocks of wild hawthorn or 4 years, 5 years living nursery stocks of Siberian crabapple as stock.
Grafting method of the present invention can adopt cleft grafting, insert skin, green whip grafting or bud grafting.
One, cleft grafting
Cleft grafting is generally in 1-April 15 April, and carry out just clear and bright front and back, and best before rudiment, cleft grafting is applicable to thicker stock when resin begins to flow.
Concrete grammar is to get 3～4 buds of scion 10～15 centimeter length bands, is whittled into the two-sided watchman's wooden clapper shape of 2～3 centimeter length in the scion lower end, and will align in the two sides, bevel is level and smooth.Stock is cut off from needed position, the cross section is smooth again, rives with cutter from Section Central then, about 3～4 centimetres of the degree of depth, again stock is inserted in scion rapidly, must have a cambium alignment back to tie up with Polypropylence Sheet, the Polypropylence Sheet of colligation is removed after should remaining into the 2nd year spring.
Two, insert skin
The cortex grafting method is carried out behind skin nursery stock, generally at the beginning of 4 the end of month to 5 month.Be applicable to thick stock, can carry out a high position and change head and racemosus connection.
Cutting of scion got, scion was not generally taked before having rudiment early spring, carry out cryopreservation, the cryopreservation condition is, generally gather in resting stage, temperature guarantees not rudiment of not dehydration of scion about 0～5 ℃, can be in the cellar, in the sand that wets, in the fruit refrigerated room, also available method of sealing with wax carries out that two ends are sealed or whole branches is all sealed and prevented that dehydration from improving survival rate, and the purpose of cryopreservation is:
1, scion resin under resting state also is to flow, its skin zone and xylem this for leaving, it is smooth and smooth to cut the scion section of getting like this, can combine closely with the interface of stock like this, scion does not go out under the leaf state in dormancy, the few dehydration of the nutrition that it consumes is also few, and the healing of this docking port has very big benefit;
2, if dishoarding scion trees about May have been opened up leaf, its fluid loss can be very big, at this moment under the situation of grafting wound for healing, the scion fluid loss is big and the moisture content supply of stock is not gone up, sheltering from heat or light preserves moisture can be lowered into motility rate greatly as not doing, time spent is whittled into scion 2～3 centimetres bevel, be whittled into 1～2 centimetre little bevel overleaf, 2～3 buds are stayed in scion, cut off at the position that needs on stock then, it is smooth to cut the knot face, can make the healing of stock wound reduce evaporation of water like this, reach xylem deeply in the vertical partial application in the smooth place of stock trunk again, length is shorter slightly than scion, then the big bevel of scion is inserted towards stock, note too not deeply, show money or valuables one carries unintentionally the bevel upper end that to stay 0.5～1 centimetre of title to stay white at the place, stay white meeting to make better combination of skin bar of scion and stock, use the Polypropylence Sheet colligation then, the Polypropylence Sheet of colligation is removed after should remaining into the 2nd year spring.Also can connect a plurality of branches aloft simultaneously with the method, evenly distribute, can become a new whole strain after surviving ahead of time, can make beautiful shrub is that the tree bar improves its ornamental value with the arbor.
Three, green whip grafting
Green whip grafting all can carry out when semi-lignified is to lignification to newborn branch at trees exhibition leaf usually, survive as branch too tender just being difficult for, method is identical with cortex grafting, scion will with get with the time can not be long, grafting time stopped to carry out in preceding 1 month to vegetative period after May, if interface can not finish healing and can be lowered into motility rate after surviving the winter too late, its scion should keep 1～2 leaf, should in time entangle in the scion after connecing and on stock, tighten with plastic sack, should strengthen management after its grafting, preventing that Exposure to Sunlight from burning reduces water evaporates and can improve survival rate greatly.
Four, bud grafting
The bud grafting time generally carries out in July-August, is applicable to biennial a large amount of seedlings or straight stem at 1 centimetre of thinner stock, and this method survives simply easily, and can significantly reduce scion with this method under the situation of scion kind bud less source shortage;
Budding method is the horizontal partial application of cutter of 1～2 centimeters above the scion bud, reach xylem deeply, upwards cut a cutter with cutter for about 1～2 centimetre from the below of bud again, bud will be at the center of chipping, taking off the bud sheet then wraps with wet cloth or keeps in the mouth, in stock smooth horizontal partial application in position of 5～8 centimeters apart from ground, reach xylem deeply, be about about 0.6～0.8 centimetre, at the otch of one 1～2 centimetre of the middle rip cutting of transverse incision, T-shaped again, after then stock otch two flaw-pieces being chosen out, the bud sheet is inserted, bud sheet and T word otch are aligned, again the skin on stock both sides is covered, with plastic tape one circle circle wound is wrapped then, attention should keep petiole so that insert the bud sheet, also can survive situation according to the petiole inspection, having come off at a touch with finger as petiole just shows that the bud sheet survives, otherwise does not just survive, can carry out grafting once more, survive the back generally cuts off the top of buddering before 1 year early spring, resin flowed stock.
Advantage of the present invention and beneficial effect are:
1, to have overcome in the prior art in the sowing of water Xun, the cottage propagation growth rate not enough slowly in the present invention, with the grafting of water Xun on hawthorn or Siberian crabapple nursery stock, this method can shorten going out the garden time of water Xun nursery stock, thereby reduce cost, widely applying in gardens for it provides feasible program.
2, grafting of the present invention can be adopted cleft grafting, be inserted skin, green whip grafting or bud grafting, grafting method should be taked corresponding connection according to the different time, different conditions is taked different connections, few as kind of fringe source, can take the method for bud grafting, can carry out to inserting in skin long-time in cleft grafting well as the condition of the sufficient storage of scion, these two kinds of methods are not subjected to the restriction of stock size, and simple, survival rate is higher, survival rate reaches more than 90%.
Embodiment
Embodiment 1
With becoming the annual hardening branch of boiled water Xun nursery stock as scion, the Siberian crabapple nursery stock that reaches 5cm with the chest stem is as stock, and on 4 years living Siberian crabapple nursery stocks, the grafting interface is selected in 1.5 meters eminences with the scion grafting.
Siberian crabapple (Malus baccata)
[form] arbor, rice surplus in the of high 10.Branch is thinner and more delicate, leaf egg shape ellipse, leaf margin tool serration.Floral white, 4～7 constitute corymb, and bennet is elongated.Florescence is in the 4-5 month.Fruit is subsphaeroidal, redness, and the fruit phase 9-10 month, fruit is prolonged not to wither.
[ecology] happiness light, more anti-the moon, cold-resistant, drought-enduring power is strong.
[distribution] originates in North China, northwest and northeast.
[cultivation] seed propagation.Seed was promptly finished after-ripening in 30-50 days 1-5 ℃ of husky the Tibetan, and emergence rate is more than 80%.
Spend full tree [purposes] spring in vain, group season haw innumerable, prolongedly do not wither, very attractive in appearance.Be good sight flower, sight fruit tree kind, but isolated planting, group planting or avenue system.Fruit can be made wine.Its seedling can make apple rootstock.
Described grafting method is cleft grafting, cleft grafting April 5 when resin begins to flow and before rudiment, carry out,
Concrete grammar is:
1) get 3 buds of scion 12 centimeter length bands, be whittled into the two-sided watchman's wooden clapper shape of 3 centimeter length in the scion lower end, align in the two sides, bevel is level and smooth;
2) stock is cut off from interface, rived with cutter from Section Central then, about 3 centimetres of the degree of depth;
3) stock is inserted in scion rapidly, a cambium alignment back ties up with Polypropylence Sheet, and the Polypropylence Sheet of colligation is removed after should remaining into the 2nd year spring.
Managing after grafting
1, should water to nursery stock according to arid situation after the grafting, in case damage caused by a drought is lowered into motility rate.
2, in time erase and sprout sprouting and branch on the stock.
3, check the situation that survives after 1 month in grafting, mending of not surviving connects.
4, should be suitable after green whip grafting connects shelter from heat or light.
If the germinating twig should carry out bud picking and training too much after 5, scion survived, in order to avoid unfavorable to growing.
Embodiment 2
Difference from Example 1 is:
With becoming the annual hardening branch of boiled water Xun nursery stock as scion, the Siberian crabapple nursery stock that reaches 8cm with the chest stem is as stock, and on 5 years living Siberian crabapple nursery stocks, the grafting interface is selected in 1.8 meters eminences with the scion grafting.Described grafting method is for inserting skin, and nursery stock at the beginning of 4 the end of month to 5 month carries out behind skin the cortex grafting method:
1) cutting of scion got, and scion was not taked before having rudiment early spring, carries out cryopreservation, the cryopreservation condition be temperature at 3 ℃, seal with wax at wet Sha Zhongyong and to carry out two ends and seal;
2) grafting, scion is whittled into 2 centimetres bevel, be whittled into 1 centimetre little bevel overleaf, 2 buds are stayed in scion, and interface is cut off on stock then, reach xylem deeply in the vertical partial application in the smooth place of stock trunk again, length is shorter slightly than scion, then the big bevel of scion is inserted towards stock, show money or valuables one carries unintentionally the bevel upper end and locate to stay 0.5 centimetre, use the Polypropylence Sheet colligation then, the Polypropylence Sheet of colligation is removed after should remaining into the 2nd year spring.
Embodiment 3
Difference from Example 1 is:
With becoming the annual hardening branch of boiled water Xun nursery stock as scion, the hawthorn nursery stock that reaches 6cm with the chest stem is as stock, and on 7 years living hawthorn nursery stocks, the grafting interface is selected in 1.6 meters eminences with the scion grafting.
Hawthorn (Crataegus pinnatifida Bge.)
[form] dungarunga is up to 6 meters.Bark grey or taupe.The leaf triangle, avette or the water chestnut shape is avette, base portion cuts shape to wide wedge shape, and the short gradually point of tip has 3-7 runcinate, the heavy sawtooth in edge.Floral white is spent more the composition corymb, and the florescence is May.Fruit is subsphaeroidal, and diameter 1-1.5 centimetre, cerise, really September phase.
[ecology] happiness light, anti-slightly the moon, cold-resistant, drought-resistant barren.Well developed root system, sprout tillers is strong.
Provinces such as [distribution] Heilungkiang, Jilin, Liaoning, Hebei, Shanxi, Shaanxi, Jiangsu all have.Also there is distribution in Korea.
[cultivation] seed propagation.Seed needs the husky Zang Chu of lamination to bury.
Neat, the flourishing with flowers and leaves of [purposes] tree crown is to see flower, see the good seeds of fruit, can do the flower garden topiary tree, shade tree and hedgerow, and fork is the stock of fructus crataegi pinnatifidae.
Described grafting method is green whip grafting, green whip grafting carries out when semi-lignified is to lignification to newborn branch at trees exhibition leaf, grafting time stopped to carry out in preceding 1 month to vegetative period after May, its scion should keep 2 leaves, should in time entangle in the scion with plastic sack after the grafting and tighten on stock.
Embodiment 4
Difference from Example 3 is:
With becoming the annual hardening branch of boiled water Xun nursery stock as scion, the hawthorn nursery stock that reaches 7cm with the chest stem is as stock, and on 8 years living hawthorn nursery stocks, the grafting interface is selected in 1.7 meters eminences with the scion grafting.Described grafting method is bud grafting, and the bud grafting time carried out in July-August, and budding method is:
1) 1 centimeters reaches xylem deeply with the horizontal partial application of cutter above the scion bud, upwards cuts a cutter from below 1 centimeters of bud with cutter again, and bud is at the center of chipping;
2) take off the bud sheet and wrap with wet cloth or keep in the mouth,, reach xylem deeply, be about 0.6 centimetre in stock smooth horizontal partial application in position of 5 centimeters apart from ground;
3) otch of one 1 centimetre of rip cutting in the middle of the transverse incision, T-shaped, after then stock otch two flaw-pieces being chosen out, the bud sheet is inserted, bud sheet and T word otch are aligned, again the skin on stock both sides is covered, with plastic tape one circle circle wound is wrapped then, keep petiole, survive the back cuts off the top of buddering before 1 year early spring, resin flowed stock.
Claims (5)
1, a kind of water Xun grafting arbor method, it is characterized in that with becoming the annual hardening branch of boiled water Xun nursery stock as scion, reach the hawthorn of 5～8cm or Siberian crabapple nursery stock as stock with the chest stem, with the scion grafting on hawthorn or Siberian crabapple nursery stock, the grafting interface is selected in 1.5～1.8 meters eminences, and described stock is 7 years, 8 years living nursery stocks or 4 years, 5 years living nursery stock of Siberian crabapple of wild hawthorn.
2, according to the described water of claim 1 Xun grafting arbor method, it is characterized in that described grafting method is cleft grafting, cleft grafting 1-April 15 April when resin begins to flow and before rudiment, carry out, concrete grammar is:
1) get 3～4 buds of scion 10～15 centimeter length bands, be whittled into the two-sided watchman's wooden clapper shape of 2～3 centimeter length in the scion lower end, align in the two sides, bevel is level and smooth;
2) stock is cut off from interface, rived with cutter from Section Central then, about 3～4 centimetres of the degree of depth;
3) stock is inserted in scion rapidly, a cambium alignment back ties up with Polypropylence Sheet, and the Polypropylence Sheet of colligation is removed after remaining into the 2nd year spring.
3, according to the described water of claim 1 Xun grafting arbor method, it is characterized in that described grafting method for inserting skin, cortex grafting method nursery stock at the beginning of 4 the end of month to 5 month carries out behind skin, and concrete grammar is:
1) cutting of scion got, and scion was not taked before having rudiment early spring, carries out cryopreservation, the cryopreservation condition be temperature at 0～5 ℃, in the cellar, in the wet sand or in the fruit refrigerated room, carry out with sealing with wax that seal at two ends or whole branches is all sealed;
2) grafting, scion is whittled into 2～3 centimetres bevel, be whittled into 1～2 centimetre little bevel overleaf, 2～3 buds are stayed in scion, and interface is cut off on stock then, reach xylem deeply in the vertical partial application in the smooth place of stock trunk again, length is shorter slightly than scion, then the big bevel of scion is inserted towards stock, show money or valuables one carries unintentionally the bevel upper end and locate to stay 0.5～1 centimetre, use the Polypropylence Sheet colligation then, the Polypropylence Sheet of colligation is removed after remaining into the 2nd year spring.
4, according to the described water of claim 1 Xun grafting arbor method, it is characterized in that described grafting method is green whip grafting, green whip grafting carries out when semi-lignified is to lignification to newborn branch at trees exhibition leaf, grafting time stopped to carry out in preceding 1 month to vegetative period after May, its scion keeps 1～2 leaf, scion is whittled into 2～3 centimetres bevel, be whittled into 1～2 centimetre little bevel overleaf, interface is cut off on stock then, reach xylem deeply in the vertical partial application in the smooth place of stock trunk again, length is shorter slightly than scion, then the big bevel of scion is inserted towards stock, to stay 0.5～1 centimetre to the place that show money or valuables one carries unintentionally, bevel upper end, entangle in the scion with plastic sack after the grafting and on stock, tighten.
5, according to the described water of claim 1 Xun grafting arbor method, it is characterized in that described grafting method is bud grafting, the bud grafting time carried out in July-August, and concrete grammar is:
1) 1～2 centimeters reaches xylem deeply with the horizontal partial application of cutter above the scion bud, upwards cuts a cutter from below 1～2 centimeters of bud with cutter again, and bud is at the center of chipping;
2) take off the bud sheet and wrap with wet cloth or keep in the mouth,, reach xylem deeply, be about 0.6～0.8 centimetre in stock smooth horizontal partial application in position of 5～8 centimeters apart from ground;
3) otch of one 1～2 centimetre of rip cutting in the middle of the transverse incision, T-shaped, after then stock otch two flaw-pieces being chosen out, the bud sheet is inserted, bud sheet and T word otch are aligned, again the skin on stock both sides is covered, with plastic tape one circle circle wound is wrapped then, keep petiole, survive the back cuts off the top of buddering before 1 year early spring, resin flowed stock.
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| CNB031341462A CN1188024C (en) | 2003-08-22 | 2003-08-22 | Cotoneaster multiflorus grafting arbor method |
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| CNB031341462A CN1188024C (en) | 2003-08-22 | 2003-08-22 | Cotoneaster multiflorus grafting arbor method |
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| CN1188024C true CN1188024C (en) | 2005-02-09 |
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| CN105746183A (en) * | 2016-03-23 | 2016-07-13 | 宁夏皇达生物科技股份有限公司 | Method for grafting corky-winged euonymus on winterberry euonymus |
| CN105766396A (en) * | 2016-05-04 | 2016-07-20 | 李俊彦 | Method of grafting gleditsia sinensis to wild gleditsia sinensis |
| CN108293569A (en) * | 2018-03-02 | 2018-07-20 | 芜湖欧标农业发展有限公司 | A kind of cultural method of gold leaf locust tree |
| CN109328682B (en) * | 2018-09-30 | 2021-04-27 | 云南省农业科学院高山经济植物研究所 | Method for rapidly building groundcover landscape by using Cotoneaster lobus |
| CN113906861A (en) * | 2021-11-23 | 2022-01-11 | 宁夏农林科学院固原分院 | Low-temperature stratification germination accelerating method for Cotoneaster multiforus seeds |
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| C06 | Publication | ||
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| C10 | Entry into substantive examination | ||
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| C14 | Grant of patent or utility model | ||
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Owner name: SHENYANG FANGFEI GARDEN PROJECT CO., LTD. Free format text: FORMER OWNER: SHENYANG INST. OF APPLIED ECOLOGY, CHINESE ACADEMY OF SCIENCES Effective date: 20050617 |
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| C41 | Transfer of patent application or patent right or utility model | ||
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Effective date of registration: 20050617 Address after: Wanliutang road in Dongling District of Shenyang city of Liaoning Province, No. 52 110015 Patentee after: Shenyang Fangfei garden Engineering Co., Ltd. Address before: 110016 No. 72, Wenhua Road, Shenhe District, Liaoning, Shenyang Patentee before: Shenyang Application Ecelogy Inst., Chinese Academy of Sciences |
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| C19 | Lapse of patent right due to non-payment of the annual fee | ||
| CF01 | Termination of patent right due to non-payment of annual fee |