CN1247074C

CN1247074C - Method for cultivating natural dendriform Chinese rose

Info

Publication number: CN1247074C
Application number: CN 200310107030
Authority: CN
Inventors: 陈家瑞
Original assignee: Individual
Current assignee: Individual
Priority date: 2003-11-14
Filing date: 2003-11-14
Publication date: 2006-03-29
Anticipated expiration: 2023-11-14
Also published as: CN1543765A

Abstract

The present invention relates to a method for cultivating natural dendriform Chinese roses. A rose stock of a cold-proof variety with strong growth vigor is used for adopting selected fine varieties. The method also comprises the stock cultivation steps as follows: a dendriform Chinese rose stock is selected, wherein the height and the size of the stock are not concerned, the acquisition of the large stock having strong roots, a thick trunk and a plurality of branches is an indispensable condition; in one to two months before graft, the root parts of grafting plants are circularly peeled; grafting point positions are on the branches at a lower part which is 20cm from the trunk and the branches at an upper part which is 5cm from the trunk; the parallel branches are positioned on the upper side, and short straight branches are positioned on the outer side. The grafting time in a plastic tunnel and a green house is December for the best. If complement graft is needed, a wood bud slice pasting grafting method is adopted for the complement graft in the period from late November to December, and a scion grafting method is adopted for the complement graft in early spring. A Chinese rose tree cultivated by using the present invention has advantages of sufficient nutrition in branches and the trunks and high survival rate of the graft. The one tree can once accomplish the graft of Chinese rose varieties in different colors and shapes at the same time. Therefore, the Chinese roses in many colors and varieties can blossom on the branches of the same tree for providing aesthetic enjoyment for people.

Description

The breeding method of natural style dendriform China rose

Technical field

The present invention relates to the cultivation method of China rose, particularly relate to a kind of breeding method of natural style dendriform China rose.

Background technology

General China rose all is that the bush color is single.Though more domestic bases can produce dendriform China rose at present, mostly are monochromatic Chinese rose.Its breeding method is two of very dense ground graftings or many slightly scion on the branch of both sides, trunk top sustained height, the stiff not nature that looks of moulding, and tree-like not good enough.This tree-like availability to sunlight, air is low, and the tree body structure is not too reasonable, so tree body growing way is slow, is difficult to grow up to more tree-shaped.

Summary of the invention

The purpose of this invention is to provide a kind of survival rate height, cost is low, is the grafting of many side shoots of stock with the rose, forms the breeding method of the natural style dendriform China rose of multiple color.

Realize that technical scheme of the present invention is: it comprises the stock cultivation, the cultivation of scion is chosen and grafting, manage four steps, make stock with rose, stock selects the strong cold-resistant variety of growing way, rose base portion at growth 2-3 stays a upright strong bud, cultivate trunk, when trunk is grown to desired height, pluck top, the short side shoot of giving birth to, when side shoot to long grafting during to 0.5-0.7cm, improved seeds are selected in scion, bud grafting is adopted in grafting, with different cultivars, the scion grafting of different colours forms the dendriform China rose tree on each branch of selected seeds, it also comprises following method, a, stock is cultivated: select tree-like, short shape little tree type, trunk is long to certain altitude, plucks top, the short side shoot that stays, the all directions distance is well-balanced up and down for required side shoot, and strong and weak consistent, institute is stayed outside the branch, newly sprouting about the trunk should be with going out with smearing grafting when treating side shoot length to 0.5-0.7cm; Large-scale dendriform China rose is pinched at the long 50-70cm that extends again during to desired height of trunk, and the rod of existing side by side supports, and clips the above band of desired height branch section winter, and 1 year spring, the 1/3-2/5 section was left and taken branch on trunk, obtained the big stock of robust root and big trunk multi-branched; B, band girdle: before grafting in 1-2 month, the collar portion of grafting is carried out band girdle, the band girdle width is 1/10 of a trunk diameter, and its way is at collar portion ring cutting two circles, is deep to xylem, removes bark between two circles, wraps the ridging protection behind the band girdle with plastic foil; C, grafting point location: the bottom branch is from about trunk 20cm, and the top branch is from the about 5cm of trunk, and flat branch is positioned at upside, and short straight branch is in the outside; D, facility grafting: grafting in plastic tunnel and greenhouse, grafting time is selected in December, and used stock is cultivated at open country earlier, cultivate the back and move into grafting in the facility, after grafting is finished, covered the straw mat shading 3-5 days, after scion survives, separate in good time and tie up, cut the above stock branch of grafting point after branch is become strong; Mend in e, the facility and connect: adopt band xylem bud sheet pith-cambium grafting method to mend in late November to December and connect, can mend with the spray connection and connect early spring.

Owing to adopted technique scheme, adopt cultivation method trunk of the present invention tall and big, be generally more than 3 meters, crown diameter can reach more than two meters.Side shoot is dense, and stock nature branch is many, the tree-like nature of grafting after the first moulding, and space layout is reasonable, and tree crown is big, and the big growing way of tree body is strengthened soon.And tree crown can produce sufficient organic nutrition and do growth for root, the foundation nutritional sufficiency, and wind resistance is difficult for bending.Adopted the band girdle grafting in addition, limb nutritional sufficiency, graft survival rate height, the once success of modern rose cultivars of tens kinds of different pattern flower types of one tree grafting simultaneously.The flowers are in blossom for the Chinese rose of the many kinds of many side shoots masstone on one tree, gives beautiful enjoyment.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 is the band girdle schematic diagram.

Fig. 2 is the schematic diagram behind the band girdle.

Embodiment

The present invention will be further described below in conjunction with accompanying drawing.

The present invention cultivates, builds choosing of cutting orchard, scion by stock and cultivates and four steps of grafting management.

Stock is cultivated: do stock with rose, select the strong cold-resistant variety of growing way, as the powder ball Chinese rose.Grow seedlings in the fertile irrigated land rice transplanting that faces south, survive the back and strengthen water and fertilizer management, short its become strong.Behind the growth 2-3, stump when root sprouts, stays a upright strong bud in early summer, and all the other are all erased, and uprightly strong bud is a trunk.

Select two kinds tree-like, the one, dumpy tree, the 2nd, tall and big tree.The height of tree of dumpy tree is below 80cm, and is long during to the 80cm left and right sides when dumpy tree, plucks toply, inspires side shoot, and institute's side shoot that stays all directions distance up and down is well-balanced, strong and weak consistent.Newly sprouting about this stage trunk should do not stayed useless branch with going out with smearing, grafting when treating the institute's side shoot diameter that stays length to 0.5-0.7cm.When the trunk length of tall and big tree arrived the 1.5-1.8 rice left and right sides, long again 50-70cm pinched, and the rod of existing side by side supports in order to avoid long curved.Under the effect of apical dominance, many side shoots can be germinated in the top, let alone to become strong, and utilize the upper end blade to produce organic nutrition, impel trunk to increase thick root system and become strong.Thereby obtain the healthy and strong stock of the upright smooth root system of trunk.Go into the winter and clip one section that is with branch, grow new side shoot 1 year spring on the trunk, about 1/3-2/5 place leaves and takes in the trunk upper end, the bottom side shoot is all extractd, and all directions distance is well-balanced up and down to guarantee institute's side shoot that stays, and is strong and weak consistent, tree-like grace, space layout is reasonable.The strong root of breeding like this, thick do, the big stock of multi-branched is necessary the condition of breeding large-scale dendriform China rose, existing dendriform China rose has been wasted root, dried most of function because branch is few, tree crown is little simultaneously, supply root, dried organic nutrient also lack, and the time one is long, makes root, dried dying down.The present invention adopts multi-branched, has avoided above-mentioned shortcoming, makes tree crown, trunk, tree root coupling nature reasonable, mutually promotes, so growing way is not only strong but also soon.

Band girdle:, before grafting in 1-2 month, the rhizome portion of stock is carried out band girdle as Fig. 1, Fig. 2, the band girdle width is 1/10 of a trunk diameter, and its way is at rhizome portion ring cutting two circles, is deep to xylem, remove bark between two circles, wrap with plastic foil behind the band girdle, the ridging protection; The effect of band girdle is, short-time switching-off organic nutrient also reduced time Movement Capabilities after down being defeated by the passage healing of root, make branch, do in the organic nutrient reserves heighten, graft survival rate is improved greatly, it is fast to survive the long tree in back simultaneously, trunk increases thick fast.

Build cutting orchard: will build cutting orchard when cultivating stock, select the strong cold-resistant heat resistant variety of growing way, plantation gets final product routinely.Choosing of scion cultivated and grafting: grafting divides two kinds of outdoor cropping and facility cultivation graftings.No matter the sort of grafting method, the kind of the different patterns of grafting on same tree, flower type all will be through selecting meticulously, select cold-resistant heat-resisting, kind scion that growing way is strong and consistent, because grafting competitiveness between with each scion on the one tree is very strong, vascular bundle one is connected behind the grafting survival, the strong branch of growing way just produces a large amount of organic nutrients by photosynthesis, and flow to root through trunk, root is carried more water and inorganic nutrients by trunk to vigorous branches, make the trunk nutritional sufficiency, it is vigorous to grow.So must be during grafting by the growing way situation sorting of scion, on one tree,, so earlier the weak tendency kind is shifted to an earlier date grafting as the stronger grafting of, growing way if leave no choice but the kind grafting that power is different on one tree, treat that it survives after, remarry and connect surging kind.

Outdoor cropping; With Ji Dong is example, and be good-20 days on the 10th August in suitable late May early summer to June and early autumn.Grafting method adopts bud grafting, scion grafting all can., effective in the bud grafting again with the faster convenience of peltate bud sheet pith-cambium grafting method.The concrete operations step is: at first each branching-point location of stock, the bottom branch is from about trunk 20cm, and the top branch is from the about 5cm of trunk, and flat branch is positioned at upside, and short straight branch is in the outside.General bottom branch from trunk far, the top branch from trunk more closely.Cut branch from 15 centimeters more than the grafting point then, stayed tree-like.The scion branch hand held in, the petiole of selected bud is cut short 1 centimetre, incidentally cut bud 1 centimeters to the bud with sharp knife under (or not being with) xylem from bud top 1 centimeters again, 0.8 centimeters and fringe bar are miter angle second cutter of cutting sth. askew under bud immediately, intersect with first cutter, the bud sheet is taken off.Contain in the inlet, then use the same method, the identical skin of size of buddering of pruning on the selected position of stock branch is being good greater than bud.At last the bud sheet is embedded on the stock otch, cambium will align, and the lower end will be to sternly.Tighten Bao Yan with plastic strip afterwards, bud is exposed.All erase if any the germinating of rose bud, with thin rich water pouring.Cut anvil after one week, the 2-3 centimeters is cut japanese rose branchlet above buddering, and clip is strengthened rich water quality management with sealing with wax or using plastic foil Bao Yan.

The facility grafting: in plastic tunnel and greenhouse grafting, grafting time is to be December good, because stock at this moment, organic nutrition stores at most in the scion, and environment such as the interior temp. and humidity of facility also are to be beneficial to grafting survival most, have also prolonged growth time simultaneously.

Used stock should be cultivated at open country earlier, cultivates the back and moves into grafting in the facility, after scion survives, separates in good time and ties up, and cuts the above stock branch of grafting point after branch is become strong, and after grafting is finished, covers the straw mat shading 3-5 days.Grafting method is identical with the open country grafting, and is better with band xylem bud sheet pith-cambium grafting method effect.Need to mend when connecing, be selected in and adopt late November to December band xylem bud sheet pith-cambium grafting method benefit to connect.Then mend with the spray connection and connect early spring.

Open country is mended to connect and needed in summer, and method is: cortex grafting blocks japanese rose branchlet in selected grafting place, scabbles the cross section, bamboo let is whittled into triangular pyramid, insert between the cortex of branch and layer of wood, cambium is being pasted on a plane of triangular pyramid, and scion is cut off the upper end, cut a big inclined-plane on the opposite of scion bud, to there be the one side of bud to cut a little inclined-plane, extract triangular pyramid immediately out, the big inclined-plane of scion will be inserted stock inwards, bind Bao Yan with plastic strip, outer cover one plastic sack.

To strengthen management behind the grafting survival, perform work windproof, antifreeze, insect protected, want the growth of balanced each branch simultaneously, the diligent pruning, it is attractive in appearance tree-shaped that it is grown up to, and the florescence, motley flower was competitively open, brings the enjoyment of people U.S. when arriving.

Claims

1, a kind of breeding method of natural style dendriform China rose, comprise that stock is cultivated, the cultivation of scion is chosen and the grafting management step, make stock with rose, stock selects the strong cold-resistant variety of growing way, and improved seeds are selected in scion, bud grafting is adopted in grafting, the scion grafting of different cultivars, different colours on each branch of selected seeds, is formed the dendriform China rose tree, it is characterized in that, also comprise following method

A, stock cultivate: selects tree-like, short shape little tree type, the long certain altitude that arrives of trunk is plucked top, the short side shoot that stays, all directions distance is well-balanced up and down for required side shoot, and is strong and weak consistent, institute is stayed outside the branch, and newly sprouting about the trunk should be with going out with smearing grafting when treating side shoot length to 0.5-0.7cm; Large-scale dendriform China rose is pinched at the long 50-70cm that extends again during to desired height of trunk, and the rod of existing side by side supports, and clips the above band of desired height branch section winter, and 1 year spring, the 1/3-2/5 section was left and taken branch on trunk, obtained the big stock of robust root and big trunk multi-branched;

B, band girdle: before grafting in 1-2 month, the rhizome portion of grafting is carried out band girdle, the band girdle width is 1/10 of a trunk diameter, and its way is at rhizome portion ring cutting two circles, is deep to xylem, removes bark between two circles, wraps the ridging protection behind the band girdle with plastic foil;

C, grafting point location: the bottom branch is from trunk 20cm, and the top branch is from trunk 5cm, and flat branch is positioned at upside, and short straight branch is in the outside;

D, facility grafting: grafting in plastic tunnel and greenhouse, grafting time is selected in December, and used stock is cultivated at open country earlier, cultivate the back and move into grafting in the facility, after grafting is finished, covered the straw mat shading 3-5 days, after scion survives, separate in good time and tie up, cut the above stock branch of grafting point after branch is become strong;

Mend in e, the facility and connect: adopt band xylem bud sheet pith-cambium grafting method to mend in late November to December and connect, mend with the spray connection and connect early spring.