CN109220277A - A kind of breeding method of Pterospermi Heterophylli grafting - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention relates to a kind of breeding methods of Pterospermi Heterophylli grafting, comprising: 1) stock and scion selection；2) it grafts；3) grafting management；4) fertilizing management.The present invention is by strictly selecting stock and scion, pass through special grafting means, the complete Pterospermi Heterophylli grafting and breeding system of a science is formed in conjunction with the grafting management in later period and fertilizer and water management etc., is had laid a good foundation for Pterospermi Heterophylli stock breeding from now on and high-volume seedling propagation.By the directional cultivation of several pilot forests, the grafting shoot survival percent that the present invention cultivates reaches 95% or more, and juvenile stage growth is very fast, and growth conditions are good, and tree-like grace, leaf is peculiar, and average annual height increament and breast diameter growth amount difference are little.And the present invention can also with red bayberry, peanut and other crops carry out miscegenation, improve light-use, space is rationally utilized, can high-efficiency and economic utilize forest land.

Description

A kind of breeding method of Pterospermi Heterophylli grafting

Technical field

The present invention relates to the artificial culture fields of rare flower cultivars nursery stock, refer in particular to a kind of cultivation side of Pterospermi Heterophylli grafting Method.

Background technique

Pterospermi Heterophylli also known as dentiferous dendropanax root and stem, Bian Hefeng belong to Hamamelidaceae aiphyllium, between there is Liquidambar and Altingia two to belong to Comprehensive Traits are China's second level Top-rated protected wild plants, have the shape of sweetgum and Schima superba Leaf, therefore named Pterospermi Heterophylli concurrently.Pterospermi Heterophylli Up to 20 m, bark grey does not crack trunk height, and slightly coarse, spray is hairless.Leaf palmate, 2~3 split, and sliver is lifted upwards, or regardless of It splits, oblong, there are 3 bases to go out arteries and veins, hairless, there is sawtooth at edge；Petiole grows 2.5~4 cm, and stipule is linear, long 5~8 mm.Hua Dan Property, monoecism.Male flower capitulum lines up total shape, no petal, stamen majority；Female flower capitulum unisexuality, calyx tooth aciculiform are long 3~6 mm, long 6~8 mm of style, top curling.2.5 cm of head infructescence diameter has capsule 20~28, and persistent calyx tooth is than flower Column is short.Seed has rib, aptery.Pterospermi Heterophylli likes warm and moist, is distributed mainly on Fujian, Jiangxi, Hunan, Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou etc. Ground.It is born in by the forest land below 950 m of height above sea level or small stream in sparse woods.In deep, loose, fertile, wet, the well-drained acid of soil layer Well-grown on property red soil, laterite or yellow earth.2~March blooms, after autumn fruit maturation.Pterospermi Heterophylli medicinal history is long, medicinal For Pterospermi Heterophylli first recorded in " south of the Five Ridges gather medicinal herbs record ", medicinal effects mainly have root, branch, leaf and bark and nectar, have it is promoting blood circulation and removing obstruction in channels, Dispelling wind and eliminating dampness, hemostasis and other effects.It is civil be widely used in treatment rheumatic arthritis, lumbar muscle strain, lumbocrural pain, siltation swelling and pain, The diseases such as sciatica, hemiplegia, postpartum paralysis, traumatic injury, the tingle inability of brothers.Currently, Pterospermi Heterophylli is as important Chinese medicine has obtained extensive attention and exploitation.Such as Banfenghe San, Chinese medicine patcher and Pterospermi Heterophylli class injection etc., clinic are seen Examine effect rapidly, it is significant in efficacy, it is cheap, it has the value of popularization and application.

The branches and leaves of Pterospermi Heterophylli are both like the shape such as maple leaves, and for another example the shape of lotus leaf, such morphological feature can be developed For tourist resources.Pterospermi Heterophylli trunk is alarmmed directly, is green throughout the year and is draped over one's shoulders kingfisher, and tree-like oval, tender leaf purple intersperses, very beautiful It sees, the ornamental Good Indigenous Tree Species of afforestation of can yet be regarded as, preferably makees shade tree, isolated planting, group planting or landscape tree configuration；It again can be according to it It enjoys light and shade tolerant characteristic, constructs zonality Artificially transfering bezoar or in publice ecological forest and other deciduous species mongrels It plants.It is rare plant in view of Pterospermi Heterophylli, the intension with scientific research and moral is especially suitable in afforestation design and park plant Preferably.

In addition, Pterospermi Heterophylli wood quality is excellent, rotation plane is functional, can do rotation plane product, be raw material of papermaking fiber and fibre The quality raw materials of plate, particieboard are tieed up, are also the excellent materials for making furniture, farm implements.The Pterospermi Heterophylli speed of growth grows the diameter of a cross-section of a tree trunk 1.3 meters above the ground every year 1.5 cm or more are become a useful person from 12 years, and only with every pair of price of bed board of Pterospermi Heterophylli sheet fabrication with regard to 2000 yuan or more, economic value is non- Chang Keguan.

Due to natural and artificial factor, Pterospermi Heterophylli natural resources is seriously damaged, remaining Pterospermi Heterophylli population quantity Extremely rare, majority is the single plants that sporadicly grow, at the same its bark and root can hyoscine and suffer that peeling, uprooting leads to death, mesh Before, Pterospermi Heterophylli has been in Critical Condition.It is found through investigation and analysis, Pterospermi Heterophylli Endangered Reason is not caused by single factors, but long Result of the phase by many factors combined influence.These factors include:

1, germination capacity of seeds is low.Field investigation discovery, the insolation in the sun of Pterospermi Heterophylli fruit can make capsule split and deviate to plant Son, and vitellarium warm and moist, annual rainfall 1000mm or more, air humidity is big, average annual temperature at 16 DEG C or more, seed because It rots and loses activity, cause seminal propagation ability in natural environment low, and then influence the expansion of its population quantity.

2, sprouting ability is weak.Under field conditions (factors), field environment be more difficult to meet germinating needed for temperature, soil moisture and Relative air humidity.Therefore the weak continuity and expansion for further limiting the population quantity of Pterospermi Heterophylli sprouting ability.

3, bad adaptability.Pterospermi Heterophylli avoids solarizations in Seedling Stage happiness yin, but Pterospermi Heterophylli is during seedling grows into treelet, and need Sufficient illumination is wanted to guarantee being normally carried out for its growth and development.It is stringent because requiring illumination, with other species to space and Death of seedling is easily caused when being such as in a disadvantageous position in the competition of sunlight-heat reaources, thus limits population individual amount at growth period Growth.

4, environmental factor.Pterospermi Heterophylli is wild to be distributed in mountains low-to-middle in height warm and moist area, distributed point year samming 16 DEG C with On, 1000~1300mm of annual precipitation, soil is the acid soil after limestone, sand shale weathering, and pH value is 5~6. Deep, fertile, loose, the wet draining of soil soil layer is good, and the content of organic matter is high.It is limited by this natural environmental condition, therefore So that the growth of Pterospermi Heterophylli has very big environment limitation.

5, artificial destruction.Investigation discovery, Pterospermi Heterophylli growing environment human activity is frequent, and bark and root are local nationality medicine, It is set by peeling, uprooting leads to its death.This is also one of the main reason for its is in imminent danger.

Traditional Pterospermi Heterophylli nursery is mostly based on seminal propagation, because have passed through genetic recombination in sexual reproduction process, therefore Pterospermi Heterophylli elite stand inhereditary feature may be made to morph, so that the excellent inhereditary feature of Pterospermi Heterophylli elite stand be made to degenerate rapidly.Utilize half Maple lotus vegetative propagation technique can make nursery stock keep maternal excellent inhereditary feature and fitly provide for family of afforesting large quantities of Measure nursery stock.Currently, the ongoing mainly cutting propagation research of Pterospermi Heterophylli vegetative propagation and tissue rapid propagation technology Primary Study.? In report so far, Pterospermi Heterophylli tissue culture growth coefficient is not high, and the cultivation of effective seedling needs further to be studied, propagation by grafiting side The research in face has not yet to see report.Medical value, ornamental values and the economic values in view of Pterospermi Heterophylli, the project popularization and application foreground Very wide, economic benefit will be considerable, and social benefit is very huge.

Summary of the invention

The purpose of the present invention is being improved and being innovated for disadvantage present in background technique and problem, a kind of half is provided The breeding method of maple lotus grafting.

The present invention includes the following contents:

1, stock and scion selection: Root-stock selection 1-3 raw sweetgum seedling, high 30-70cm, ground diameter 0.3-0.7cm；Scion Choose the raw branch of first year that Pterospermi Heterophylli grows fine, it is desirable that sufficiently mature, stalwartness, bud eye are full；The scion of selection remove after and When cut off blade, carefully wrap up moisturizing with wet towel or toilet paper, it is waiting to take back nursery.

2, it grafts: the chimeric connection of skin being torn using cut-grafting method or bud grafting method or tender tip and is grafted, grafting time is every Year March, September.

3, grafting management: 1. liquid manure: stock is drenched water before grafting, starts to graft after stock is dry, grafts the latter star The method moisturizing of phase surface irrigation, avoids sprinkling irrigation or direct water drenching, and rainy season grafting covers film with rainwater-proof；It is suitable to connect rear half a month Water drenching after adding rich water or broadcast application, to supplement required nutrition of sprouting；2. shading: using 70% shading management after grafting, taking in time Cool canopy is built, is kept out of the direct sun；It is sprouted 3. remove in due course: usually removing the bud that grows directly from seeds of stock base portion eruption after grafting, it is ensured that grafting Budling well-grown；4. putting bud in time: after grafting survival, putting bud in time；When full bud eye dark green in scion agricultural film by When the compressing of film, film is needled with sharp point of a knife in time, allows bud eye energy free growth, general each scion allows a growth Good bud eye rupture of membranes and go out；5. weeds management: remove all weeds in time, accomplish except drought, in addition to.

4, fertilizing management: the cultivating seedlings phase in 7 months, the last ten-days period start to apply fertilizer, every plant of application urea 4g, calcium magnesium phosphate 3g, Potassium oxide 5g cultivates the 1 year raw grafting i.e. portable directional cultivation survived.

The engrafting method uses cut-grafting method in one of the embodiments, and concrete operations are as follows:

1, stock is cut: sweetgum stock being cut at about 5cm from the ground, then with knife, vertically mouth, the width of notch are big earnestly It causes equal with the diameter of scion.

2, scion is cut: scion is first sealed with wax, and then 2 buds are stayed in upper end, and the inclined-plane for being about 2cm is cut in lower end, then is carrying on the back Cut the small inclined-plane of a long 1cm in face.

3, engage: in the vertical incision scion insertion stock, big inclined-plane inwards, makes the forming layer of stock and scion both sides Alignment；It is required that stock notch is equal with scion diameter, while scion cutting surface is exactly to prune the half of scion, the width of wound face Degree is then equal to the diameter of scion, is aligned the forming layer of the right and left all；Consolidation is required when notch is inserted into scion and is showed money or valuables one carries unintentionally about 0.5cm。

4, wrap up: with the grafting film tape of long 30-40cm, width 2-3cm, by interface, all packet is tight and binds.

The engrafting method uses bud grafting method in one of the embodiments, and concrete operations are as follows:

1, it selects stock: selecting vigorous and no disease and pests harm 1 year raw sweetgum seedling of growth, it is desirable that away from straight at the 5-6cm of ground For diameter in 0.4cm or more, 10d or so before bud connects cuts off selected stock lower part far from the branch of ground 7-8cm or more, in order to Operation.

2, scion is cut in choosing: first to select scion raw branch, from healthy and strong, high yield, no disease and pests harm, tree that leaf bud is full It is preced with peripheral position and chooses leaf bud full current year raw developmental branch；After branch is chosen, blade is cut off at once, only stays petiole；First exist A leaf bud is selected on branch, horizontal partial application at 0.5cm, is about 0.8cm, then the 1cm below leaf bud above the selected leaf bud Locate horizontal partial application, is then pruned upwards with knife from the xylem that branch is close at the crosscutting place in lower end, cut always to the crosscutting place in upper end, cut It is scion at a peltate bud tablets wide at the top and narrow at the bottom；In order to keep the humidity of scion, scion can be contained in in mouth or be used wet cloth It covers.

3, cut stock: at the north of stock or windward side are far from ground 2-3cm, horizontal partial application is about 1cm, and depth is to cut Disconnected stock cortex is degree, then the partial application downward vertically among horizontal mouth, is about 1-1.2cm, is cut into "T"-shaped；Then budding knife is used Bone handle chooses out stock cortex, to inject scion.

4, grafting fringe: choosing out the T-shaped notch on stock with budding knife, and scion is inserted into notch；Scion when insertion Petiole be aligned scion upper end with T-shaped transverse incision after insertion upward, if scion is too long, can be cut from upper end It is some.

5, bondage: using plastic tape or other bondage materials, selects from being tied up interface top, gradually twines down, leaf bud and petiole Stay in outside.

6, manage after connecing: meeting rear 3-4d will check whether grafting survives；If the petiole hand of scion gently one touches immediately It falls off, scion color of the leather is bud green, illustrates to have taken over a job；If petiole is not fallen, it is exactly not take over a job that scion is withered, and benefit is needed to connect；At After more than 10 days living, bondage is released, in order to avoid hinder junction growth；The cut anvil before the next spring is germinateed, the position of cut anvil Setting is 2cm or so above T-shaped horizontal mouth；When scion sprouting grows to certain altitude, a pillar is aside inserted, by scionwood Item is strapped on pillar, makes scion branch vertical growth, and can prevent from being rolled over by wind.

The engrafting method tears skin using tender tip and is fitted into connection in one of the embodiments, and concrete operations are as follows:

1, Root-stock selection: the sweetgum seedling for growing vigorous and no disease and pests harm triennial is selected.

2, sweetgum stock tears skin: cutting three knives in the proper height of stock with single-edge blade, horizontal partial application erects and cuts two knives, horizontal Knife width about 1.5cm, erecting two knives will in parallel, and width is determined depending on scion rugosity, and slightly larger than the rugosity of scion, depth is up to xylem It can.

3, cut scion: Pterospermi Heterophylli scion has 2 buds, and scion is whittled into wedge shape, skewer with single-edge blade by long 2-3cm Entering face will put down.

4, scion is inserted into: in the cortex that the scion cut insertion is torn.

5, it ties up: up being tied up with grafting film from the lower part of notch, during tying up, it is ensured that scion is not moved and do not damaged Wound.

6, bagging moisturizing: grafting part is entangled with appropriately sized plastic film, both ends are banded on trunk, it is ensured that no Gas leakage, to keep scion wet.

7, grafting management: periodically observing grafting, if temperature is too high, takes Shading treatment, can be with after 1 month Appropriate weather is selected, unpacking deflation hardening carries out normal management after solution bag after scion gradually adapts to temperature.

Advantages of the present invention and the utility model has the advantages that

The present invention is by strictly selecting stock and scion, by special grafting means, in conjunction with the grafting management and rich water in later period Management etc. forms the complete Pterospermi Heterophylli grafting and breeding system of a science, is Pterospermi Heterophylli stock breeding from now on and high-volume nursery stock Breeding is had laid a good foundation.By the directional cultivation of several pilot forests, prior art discovery is compared, what the present invention cultivated Grafting shoot survival percent reaches 95% or more, and juvenile stage growth is very fast, and growth conditions are good, and tree-like grace, leaf is peculiar, average annual Height increament and breast diameter growth amount difference are little.And the present invention can also carry out miscegenation with red bayberry, peanut and other crops, improve light Can utilize, rationally utilize space, can high-efficiency and economic utilize forest land.

Specific embodiment

It is of the invention for ease of understanding, several embodiments of the present invention are shown below.But the present invention can be with many not With form realize, however it is not limited to embodiment described herein.On the contrary, purpose of providing these embodiments is makes to this The disclosure of invention is more thorough and comprehensive.

Unless otherwise defined, the skill of all technical and scientific terms and technical field of the invention used herein The normally understood meaning of art personnel is identical.Term used in the description is intended merely to describe specifically to implement purpose, is not It is designed to limit the invention.

Embodiment:

1, stock and scion selection:

Stock is the annual sweetgum seedling of 1-3, high 30-70cm, ground diameter 0.3-0.7cm.Stock grade scale are as follows:

I grades of stocks, ground diameter > 0.6cm, height of seedling > 60cm；

II grades of stocks, ground diameter 0.4-0.6cm, height of seedling 40-60cm；

III level stock, ground diameter < 0.4cm, height of seedling < 40cm.

The raw branch of first year that Pterospermi Heterophylli grows fine is chosen in scion, it is desirable that sufficiently mature, stalwartness, bud eye are full.Scion takes Blade is cut off in time after lower, carefully wraps up moisturizing with wet towel or toilet paper, it is waiting to take back nursery.Scion grade scale are as follows:

I grades of fringe buds, bud eye is full, the thick > 0.5cm of scion diameter；

II grades of fringe buds, bud eye is normal, the thick 0.3-0.5cm of scion diameter；

III level fringe bud, bud eye is poor, the thick < 0.3cm of scion diameter.

2, graft: the time be annual March or September, cultivated by pilot forest, wherein the graft survival rate in March 80% with On, higher than the graft survival rate of September part.Using cut-grafting method, perhaps bud grafting method or tender tip tear the chimeric connection of skin for grafting, pass through Pilot forest show that the highest method of survival rate is that tender tip tears the chimeric connection of skin, but this method repeatability and stability is not high, therefore Optimal propagation by grafiting method is spring cut-grafting method.

(1) cut-grafting concrete operation method: 1. stock is cut: sweetgum stock being cut at about 5cm from the ground, then uses knife It is vertical that mouth, the width of notch are substantially equal with the diameter of scion earnestly.2. scion is cut: scion is first sealed with wax, and then upper end stays 2 The inclined-plane for being about 2cm is cut in bud, lower end, then overleaf cuts the small inclined-plane of a long 1cm.3. engagement: scion insertion stock In vertical incision, big inclined-plane inwards, is aligned stock and the forming layer of scion both sides.It is required that stock notch and scion diameter phase Deng while scion cutting surface is exactly to prune the half of scion, and the width of wound face is then equal to the diameter of scion, thus can be with It is aligned the forming layer of the right and left all.Scion requires consolidation and the about 0.5cm that shows money or valuables one carries unintentionally when being inserted into notch.4. wrapping: with long 30- 40cm, width 2-3cm grafting film tape by interface, all packet is tight and binds.

(2) bud connects concrete operation method: 1. selecting stock: selecting vigorous and no disease and pests harm 1 year raw sweetgum of growth real Raw seedling, it is desirable that away from the 5-6cm of ground, diameter is in 0.4cm or more.10d or so before bud connects, should be by selected stock lower part far from ground The branch of 7-8cm or more is cut off, in order to operate.2. scion is cut in choosing: first to select scion raw branch, preferably from it is healthy and strong, High yield, no disease and pests harm, tree crown periphery position that leaf bud is full, choose leaf bud full current year raw developmental branch.Branch is chosen Afterwards, blade is cut off at once, only stays petiole.A leaf bud is first selected on branch, above the selected leaf bud crosscutting one at 0.5cm Knife, is about 0.8cm, then the horizontal partial application at 1cm below the leaf bud, then with knife from the crosscutting place in lower end be close to the xylem of branch to On prune, cut be whittled into peltate bud tablets a --- scion wide at the top and narrow at the bottom to the crosscutting place in upper end always.In order to keep the wet of scion Scion, can be contained in mouth or be covered with wet cloth by degree.3. cutting stock: on the north of stock (the big place of wind will select windward side) At the 2-3cm of ground, horizontal partial application is about 1cm, and depth is to cut off stock cortex as degree, then the vertical cut that lets droop among horizontal mouth One knife, is about 1-1.2cm, is cut into "T"-shaped.Then stock cortex is chosen out with budding knife bone handle, to inject scion.4. grafting Fringe: choosing out the T-shaped notch on stock with budding knife, and scion is inserted into notch.The petiole of scion will be upward when insertion.It inserts It after entering, is aligned scion upper end with T-shaped transverse incision, if scion is too long, can be cut from upper end.5. bondage: using Plastic tape or other bondage materials are selected from being tied up interface top, are gradually twined down, and leaf bud and petiole will stay in outside.6. after connecing Management: meeting rear 3-4d will check whether grafting survives.If the petiole hand of scion gently one is touched and fallen off immediately, scion color of the leather is fresh It is green, illustrate to have taken over a job.If petiole is not fallen, it is exactly not take over a job that scion is withered, and benefit is needed to connect.It, will after surviving more than 10 days Bondage releases, in order to avoid hinder junction growth.The cut anvil before the next spring is germinateed.The position of cut anvil is in T-shaped cross 2cm or so above mouthful.When scion sprouting grows to certain altitude, a pillar should be aside inserted, scion branch is strapped in pillar On, make scion branch vertical growth, and can prevent from being rolled over by wind.

(3) tender tip tears that skin is chimeric to connect concrete operation method: 1. Root-stock selection: selecting growth vigorous and no disease and pests harm 3 The sweetgum seedling of year life.2. sweetgum stock tears skin: cutting three knives in the proper height of stock with single-edge blade, horizontal partial application is erected Two knives are cut, horizontal knife width about 1.5cm, erecting two knives will in parallel, and width is determined depending on scion rugosity, slightly larger than the rugosity of scion, depth Up to xylem.3. cutting scion: Pterospermi Heterophylli scion has 2 buds, and scion is whittled into wedge with single-edge blade by long 2-3cm Shape, skewer, which enters face, to put down.4. scion is inserted into: in the cortex that the scion cut insertion is torn.5. tying up: using grafting film from notch Lower part up tie up, during tying up, it is ensured that scion is not moved and do not damaged.6. bagging moisturizing: with appropriately sized plastics Film entangles grafting part, and both ends are banded on trunk, it is ensured that and it is air tight, to keep scion wet.7. grafting management: timing Grafting is observed, if temperature is too high, takes Shading treatment, after 1 month, can choose appropriate weather, unpacking, which is deflated, refines Seedling carries out normal management after solution bag after scion gradually adapts to temperature.

3, grafting management:

(1) water and fertilizer management: drenching stock water before grafting, starts to graft after stock is dry, grafting is poured in the latter week with ground The method moisturizing of filling avoids sprinkling irrigation or direct water drenching, influences survival rate because of the entrance of moisture to prevent graft union, rainy season grafting Film is covered with rainwater-proof.Water drenching after rich water or broadcast application can suitably be added by connecing rear half a month, to supplement required nutrition of sprouting.

(2) it shading management: after grafting, is managed using 70% shading, builds cool canopy in time, keep out of the direct sun, accelerate grafting Saliva point evaporation.

(3) remove and sprout in due course: sweetgum is the very strong species of rudiment power, usually in stock base portion rudiment, to grow scion More good, survival rate is higher, avoids grow directly from seeds bud and grafting bud contention nutrition, needs usually to remove the bud that grows directly from seeds of base portion, it is ensured that Graft budling well-grown.

(4) put bud in time: after grafting survival, putting bud will in time, when full bud eye dark green in scion agricultural film is by film Compressing when need needle film with sharp point of a knife in time, allow bud eye energy free growth, general each scion makes a growth good Good bud eye rupture of membranes and go out.

(5) weeds management: removing all weeds in time, accomplish except drought, in addition to.

4, fertilizing management: in 7 months, the last ten-days period start to apply fertilizer.Optimal measures of fertilizer are as follows: every plant of application urea 4g, calcium and magnesium phosphorus Fertile 3g, potassium oxide 5g.

5, directional cultivation:

(1) first cultivation forest land:

Site preparation and planting density: big cave site preparation, kind plant hole specification are 70cm × 50cm × 50cm；Planting density 2.5m × 3m.

Basal dressing: calcium magnesium phosphate 0.5kg is applied in every cave.

Cultural method: before transplanted seedling tree, will destroy 1/2 or 2/3 leaf on every seedlings, pare off too long main root, Then using the common method for planting of " three cover two step on one mention seedling ", it is ensured that the positive root of seedling relaxes.

Tending methods: it applies fertilizer the 5-6 month 1 time within the 1st year；2-5 fertilising 2 times every year, fertilising is before leaf is sprouted for the first time 1-2 months, second in the 6-7 month；1-2 applies compound fertilizer 50g every time, applies compound fertilizer 100g every time in 3-5.First 5 years every Year fosters 2 times, fosters the time in the 6-7 month and the 9-10 month.Before annual fertilising for the first time, the weeds in planting hole are also removed.

(2) second cultivation forest lands:

Site preparation and planting density: cave is cultivated, and kind plant hole specification is 50cm × 50cm × 60cm；Cultivation initial density in planting be 0.7m × 1.3m。

Basal dressing: calcium magnesium phosphate 0.5kg is applied in every cave.

Cultural method: before transplanted seedling tree, will destroy 1/2 or 2/3 leaf on every seedlings, pare off too long main root, Then using the common method for planting of " three cover two step on one mention seedling ", it is ensured that the positive root of seedling relaxes.

Tending methods: first 3 years annual No. 2 times hoe is comforted.

(3) third cultivates forest land:

Site preparation and planting density: cave is cultivated, and kind plant hole specification is 50cm × 50cm × 60cm；Planting density 2.5m × 1.5m.

Basal dressing: calcium magnesium phosphate 0.5kg is applied in every cave.

Cultural method: before transplanted seedling tree, will destroy 1/2 or 2/3 leaf on every seedlings, pare off too long main root, Then using the common method for planting of " three cover two step on one mention seedling ", it is ensured that the positive root of seedling relaxes.

Between plant: cultivate peanut between forest land.

Tending methods: first 3 years annual No. 2 times hoe is comforted.

Embodiment of the present invention is only the description carried out to the preferred embodiment of the present invention, not to the present invention Conception and scope is defined, and under the premise of not departing from design philosophy of the present invention, engineers and technicians are to this hair in this field The all variations and modifications that bright technical solution is made should all fall into protection scope of the present invention, the claimed skill of the present invention Art content, is all described in the claims.

Claims (4)

1. a kind of breeding method of Pterospermi Heterophylli grafting, it is characterised in that including the following contents:

1) stock and scion selection: Root-stock selection 1-3 raw sweetgum seedling, high 30-70cm, ground diameter 0.3-0.7cm；Scion Choose the raw branch of first year that Pterospermi Heterophylli grows fine, it is desirable that sufficiently mature, stalwartness, bud eye are full；The scion of selection remove after and When cut off blade, carefully wrap up moisturizing with wet towel or toilet paper, it is waiting to take back nursery；

2) it grafts: the chimeric connection of skin being torn using cut-grafting method or bud grafting method or tender tip and is grafted, grafting time is annual 3 The moon, September；

3) grafting management:

1. liquid manure: stock being drenched water before grafting, starts to graft after stock is dry, grafts the side of the latter week surface irrigation Method moisturizing, avoids sprinkling irrigation or direct water drenching, and rainy season grafting covers film with rainwater-proof；Connecing rear half a month suitably adds rich water or broadcast application Water drenching afterwards, to supplement required nutrition of sprouting；

2. shading: using 70% shading management after grafting, building cool canopy in time, keep out of the direct sun；

It is sprouted 3. remove in due course: usually removing the bud that grows directly from seeds of stock base portion eruption after grafting, it is ensured that grafting budling well-grown；

4. putting bud in time: after grafting survival, putting bud in time；When compressing of the full bud eye dark green in scion agricultural film by film When, film is needled with sharp point of a knife in time, allows bud eye energy free growth, general each scion allows a well-grown bud eye Rupture of membranes and go out；

5. weeds management: remove all weeds in time, accomplish except drought, in addition to；

4) fertilizing management:

The cultivating seedlings phase in 7 months, the last ten-days period start to apply fertilizer, every plant of application urea 4g, calcium magnesium phosphate 3g, potassium oxide 5g, cultivate at The raw grafting in living 1 year, that is, portable directional cultivation.

2. the breeding method of Pterospermi Heterophylli grafting according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the cut-grafting method is specifically grasped Make as follows:

1) stock is cut: sweetgum stock being cut at about 5cm from the ground, then with knife, vertically mouth, the width of notch are big earnestly It causes equal with the diameter of scion；

2) scion is cut: scion is first sealed with wax, and then 2 buds are stayed in upper end, and the inclined-plane for being about 2cm is cut in lower end, then overleaf cuts The small inclined-plane of a long 1cm；

3) engage: in the vertical incision scion insertion stock, big inclined-plane inwards, makes the forming layer pair of stock and scion both sides Together；It is required that stock notch is equal with scion diameter, while scion cutting surface is exactly to prune the half of scion, the width of wound face Then it is equal to the diameter of scion, is aligned the forming layer of the right and left all；Consolidation is required when notch is inserted into scion and is showed money or valuables one carries unintentionally about 0.5cm；

4) wrap up: with the grafting film tape of long 30-40cm, width 2-3cm, by interface, all packet is tight and binds.

3. the breeding method of Pterospermi Heterophylli grafting according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the bud grafting method is specifically grasped Make as follows:

1) it selects stock: selecting vigorous and no disease and pests harm 1 year raw sweetgum seedling of growth, it is desirable that away from straight at the 5-6cm of ground For diameter in 0.4cm or more, 10d or so before bud connects cuts off selected stock lower part far from the branch of ground 7-8cm or more, in order to Operation；

2) scion is cut in choosing: first to select scion raw branch, from healthy and strong, high yield, no disease and pests harm, outside tree crown that leaf bud is full It encloses position and chooses leaf bud full current year raw developmental branch；After branch is chosen, blade is cut off at once, only stays petiole；First in branch Upper to select a leaf bud, 0.5cm locates horizontal partial application above selected leaf bud, is about 0.8cm, then the cross at 1cm below the leaf bud Then partial application is pruned upwards from the xylem that branch is close at the crosscutting place in lower end with knife, cuts always to the crosscutting place in upper end, be whittled into one A peltate bud tablets wide at the top and narrow at the bottom are scion；In order to keep the humidity of scion, scion can be contained in mouth or be covered with wet cloth；

3) cut stock: at the north of stock or windward side are far from ground 2-3cm, horizontal partial application is about 1cm, and depth is to cut off anvil Wood skin layer is degree, then the partial application downward vertically among horizontal mouth, is about 1-1.2cm, is cut into "T"-shaped；Then budding knife bone handle is used Stock cortex is chosen out, to inject scion；

4) grafting fringe: choosing out the T-shaped notch on stock with budding knife, and scion is inserted into notch；The leaf of scion when insertion Handle will will be such that scion upper end is aligned with T-shaped transverse incision after insertion upward, if scion is too long, can cut from upper end；

5) bondage: using plastic tape or other bondage materials, selects from being tied up interface top, gradually twines down, leaf bud and petiole will stay In outside；

6) manage after connecing: meeting rear 3-4d will check whether grafting survives；If the petiole hand of scion gently one is touched and is fallen off immediately, Scion color of the leather is bud green, illustrates to have taken over a job；If petiole is not fallen, it is exactly not take over a job that scion is withered, and benefit is needed to connect；Survive 10 After more days, bondage is released, in order to avoid hinder junction growth；The cut anvil before the next spring is germinateed, the position of cut anvil is 2cm or so above T-shaped horizontal mouth；When scion sprouting grows to certain altitude, a pillar is aside inserted, scion branch is tied up It is tied on pillar, makes scion branch vertical growth, and can prevent from being rolled over by wind.

4. the breeding method of Pterospermi Heterophylli grafting according to claim 1, it is characterised in that it is chimeric that the tender tip tears skin Connection concrete operations are as follows:

1) Root-stock selection: the sweetgum seedling for growing vigorous and no disease and pests harm triennial is selected；

2) sweetgum stock tears skin: cutting three knives in the proper height of stock with single-edge blade, horizontal partial application erects and cuts two knives, and horizontal knife is wide About 1.5cm is spent, erecting two knives will in parallel, and width is determined depending on scion rugosity, and slightly larger than the rugosity of scion, depth reaches xylem；

3) cut scion: Pterospermi Heterophylli scion has 2 buds, and scion is whittled into wedge shape with single-edge blade by long 2-3cm, and skewer enters face It puts down；

4) scion is inserted into: in the cortex that the scion cut insertion is torn；

5) it ties up: up being tied up with grafting film from the lower part of notch, during tying up, it is ensured that scion is not moved and do not damaged；

6) bagging moisturizing: grafting part is entangled with appropriately sized plastic film, both ends are banded on trunk, it is ensured that do not leak Gas, to keep scion wet；

7) grafting management: periodically observing grafting, if temperature is too high, Shading treatment is taken to can choose after 1 month Appropriate weather, unpacking deflation hardening carry out normal management after solution bag after scion gradually adapts to temperature.