CN111386878A - Summer high-position grafting method for blueberries - Google Patents
Summer high-position grafting method for blueberries Download PDFInfo
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- CN111386878A CN111386878A CN202010311335.0A CN202010311335A CN111386878A CN 111386878 A CN111386878 A CN 111386878A CN 202010311335 A CN202010311335 A CN 202010311335A CN 111386878 A CN111386878 A CN 111386878A
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- sunshade
- grafting
- blueberry
- survival rate
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G2/00—Vegetative propagation
- A01G2/30—Grafting
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G13/00—Protecting plants
- A01G13/02—Protective coverings for plants; Coverings for the ground; Devices for laying-out or removing coverings
- A01G13/0206—Canopies, i.e. devices providing a roof above the plants
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G2/00—Vegetative propagation
- A01G2/30—Grafting
- A01G2/38—Holding; Ligating
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/05—Fruit crops, e.g. strawberries, tomatoes or cucumbers
Abstract
The utility model provides a blueberry high-order grafting method in summer, adopt wet towel parcel to connect the strip, prevent effectively that the moisture of branch from evaporating because of high temperature and strong light irradiation, improve blueberry grafting survival rate, adopt the sunshade net sunshade, avoid scion to feel sick and sun burn, further improve blueberry grafting survival rate, the sunshade height is higher than stock upper portion and is higher than 100cm, blueberry growth space is suitable, the circulation of air is smooth and easy, the temperature is suitable, further improve blueberry grafting survival rate, excellent in use effect, blueberry grafting survival rate is high, do benefit to the popularization.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of blueberry planting, in particular to a summer high-position blueberry grafting method.
Background
At present, blueberries (blueberries), also called as bilberries and blue berries, belong to perennial shrubs of Vaccinium genus (Ericaceae) and are important small berry fruit trees [1], the blueberry fruit trees are one of five major health foods listed by food and agriculture organizations of the united nations, and as the blueberries have high nutritional and health care values and have good cultivation economic benefits, the blueberry fruit trees are rapidly developed, a plurality of blueberry bases become experience gardens for tourists to pick and watch, in order to attract more tourists, the experiment tries to adopt a high-position grafting method to establish a plurality of varieties of blueberries, so that the requirement of picking and visiting for tourism can be met, the picking time of fresh fruits can be prolonged, and early-maturing varieties such as sippy blue, Auricularia and the like can also be picked in the current year and the next year of grafting. Since no fresh fruit can be picked in the spring grafting year and no fresh fruit can be picked in the 2 nd year of autumn grafting, only summer is the only grafting time in the experiment, but the researches on the grafting aspect of the blueberries are few through looking up and reading related literature data, and particularly, no literature report exists in the grafting research in summer.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the problems in the prior art, and provides a high-position blueberry grafting method in summer, which is high in blueberry survival rate.
The invention adopts the technical scheme for solving the technical problems that: the summer high-position grafting method for blueberries comprises the following steps:
firstly, selecting varieties, taking 6 a-year sharp blue berries as stocks, and taking branches of 3 varieties of Aunery, brilliant and acromion blueberries as scions;
step two, the scion is moisturized and kept fresh, the selected blueberry variety is wrapped by a wet towel to be grafted by a cutting and grafting method, and the scion is collected in the morning and grafted in the afternoon;
and thirdly, building a sunshade, namely building the sunshade, and adopting a sunshade net to shade the sun, wherein the building height of the sunshade is about 100cm higher than the upper part of the stock.
And thirdly, shading the sun by using a black shading net.
Furthermore, according to the method for grafting the blueberries at the high positions in summer, a sunshade net is adopted to shield the strong sunlight, and the temperature is controlled; controlling the humidity of the forest land by watering or watering; partially erasing the new sprouts below the wood drilling interface; and (3) sprouting and growing the 1 st sprout about 3 months after grafting, and unbinding and dismantling the sunshade net on the sunshade shed when the sprout is completely aged.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: according to the blueberry high-position grafting method in summer, the wet towel is used for wrapping the grafting strip, the moisture of the branch is effectively prevented from being evaporated due to high temperature and strong light irradiation, the blueberry grafting survival rate is improved, the sunshade net is used for shading, scion infection and sunburn are avoided, the blueberry grafting survival rate is further improved, the height of the sunshade is 100cm higher than the upper portion of the stock, the blueberry growth space is appropriate, air circulation is smooth, the temperature is appropriate, the blueberry grafting survival rate is further improved, the using effect is good, the blueberry grafting survival rate is high, and the method is beneficial to popularization.
Detailed Description
The invention is further illustrated below:
the method is characterized in that 6 a-grown summer blue blueberries are used as stocks, branches of 3 blueberry varieties such as Auer, Brilliant and acrophase are used as scions, the influence of the scions on the grafting survival rate in summer by moisturizing and fresh keeping, garden sun shading and temperature control and control of the height of a sunshade is researched, and the test is carried out, wherein the test process and the test result are as follows:
the test area is located in Tuchang county, Zhejiang province, 28 degrees 35-28 degrees 37 'N, 119 degrees 13-119 degrees 15' E, and the annual average temperature is 17.1 ℃. The average temperature per month is 5.3 ℃, the average temperature per 7 months is 27.8 ℃, the extreme maximum temperature is 40.1 ℃, the minimum temperature is-9.7 ℃, the annual average rainfall is 1212.5mm, and the relative humidity is 79%. The average day of the sun was 1848hr, and the average frost-free period throughout the year was 224 days. The test site, a blueberry picking garden at a home farm of TUNCHANGCHUNLU in Zhejiang province, the altitude of 310m, the planting of blueberries of Sharpblue (Sharpblue) in 2014, the tree height of 142.14cm, the crown width of 159.11cm, the planting density of 4000 + 4200. hm2-1, and a shading and temperature control shed built by a black shading net.
When the harvest of the fresh summer blueberries in the test garden is finished, branches with proper angles of 5-7 degrees, strong growth, straight and smooth trunk and no plant diseases and insect pests and with the diameter of about 1cm are selected from each tree to serve as stocks, the rest branches are all heavily pruned, and the height of the tree body is controlled to be 80-100 cm. The blueberry scions of Aunerel (O' Neal), brilliant (Britewell) and acropeak (Climax) are selected from 6a horizontal growing blueberry plants which are grown in the village of the tea terrace of the county plateau, have no diseases and insect pests and have no mechanical damage, and healthy branches with the diameter of the middle upper part of the crown larger than 0.5cm, which are thick, lignified and plump in bud are selected as the scions (the scions of the Aunerel blueberry are cut off by means of heavy pruning).
In 29 days 6 months in 2019, the influence of scion moisturizing measures, sun shading temperature control and sunshade height on blueberry grafting survival rate is respectively discussed by adopting a high grafting method (2-3 varieties are grafted on each tree).
The test set used 3 treatments of wet towel wrapping strip (A1), freshness protection film bag wetting strip (A2), and no moisture retention (cK). Each treatment combination was grafted with 60 scions by scion grafting, repeated 3 times. The scions were collected in the morning and grafted in the afternoon.
Setting a shading net for shading (B1) and 2 treatments in the open air (cK), adopting a random block design, repeating for 3 times, wherein each repetition is 1 cell, and grafting 60 scions by adopting a cutting and grafting method.
3 types of treatment that the height of the sunshade is 0cm (C1), 100cm (C2) and 200cm (C3) higher than the upper part of the rootstock are set in the test. The random block design is adopted, 3 times of repetition are carried out, each repetition is 1 cell, and 60 scions are respectively grafted by adopting a scion grafting method.
The original sunshade net is used for shielding the strong sunlight irradiation, and the temperature is controlled; controlling the humidity of the forest land by watering or watering; partially erasing the new sprouts below the wood drilling interface; and (3) sprouting and growing the 1 st sprout about 3 months after grafting, and unbinding and dismantling the sunshade net on the sunshade shed when the sprout is completely aged.
And (3) in 2020, 3, 12 days, the survival numbers of the scions grafted at different heights by using different scion humidity, different sun-shading measures and sunshades are investigated and determined, then the survival numbers are counted (3 times of repeated simultaneous counting and averaging) to obtain the survival rate, and the grafting survival rate (%) (survival number/grafting number × 100) is obtained, and multiple comparison and difference significance analysis are carried out by using DPS software L SD method software.
The effect of different moisturizing measures on scion survival rates is shown in table 1. As can be seen from Table 1, different treatments had a very significant effect on scion survival. The scion survival rate of different treated grafts is highest by wrapping the scion with a wet towel, reaches 88.00%, the scion survival rate is next to that of the scion with a fresh-keeping plastic film bag, is 58.67%, and the scion survival rate is lowest without moisture preservation, is 44.00%, the treated wet towel wrapping is improved by 29.33% compared with the fresh-keeping plastic film bag, and is improved by 44.00% compared with the fresh-keeping plastic film bag, through variance analysis and multiple comparison, the difference between the wet towel wrapping and the fresh-keeping plastic film bag and the non-moisture preservation is very obvious, and the difference between the fresh-keeping plastic film bag and the non-moisture preservation is. The moisture retention of the scion can directly influence the survival rate of grafting in summer. The high temperature in summer, the tender shoot tissue, the strong transpiration effect and the much water consumed by the transpiration influence the formation of the callus, and the scion is withered due to water loss. In general, the scion moisturizing measure more suitable for grafting in summer is to wrap the scion strips by a wet towel, and because the towel cloth is thicker than the plastic film bag for preservation, the water absorption capacity is high after soaking and the towel cloth is light-proof, the moisture of branches can be effectively prevented from evaporating due to high temperature and strong light irradiation. Therefore, in practical production, the moisture-keeping measures of wrapping the graft strips with wet towels are selected as much as possible in summer grafting.
Table 1 effect of different moisturizing measures on scion survival rate.
In the table a1 indicates a wet towel wrapping strip, a2 indicates a crisper wetting strip, and cK indicates that the strip is not moisturized.
As can be seen from Table 2, the survival rate of grafting after shading by using the shading net can reach 87.00 percent, but the survival rate of grafting without shading by using the shading net is only 28.33 percent, the survival rate of grafting after shading by using the shading net can be improved by 58.67 percent, and the variance analysis and multiple comparison results show that the difference reaches a very significant level. The reason is probably related to the temperature of the grafting season, according to the research of high and new first-class experts, the callus of the interface is difficult to grow due to high temperature in summer, the survival rate is reduced, because the summer is a rainy and hot season with vigorous rain, rainy days are more, sunshine hours are less, the temperature is high, the illumination is strong, the humidity is high, the highest temperature in summer in the county can reach 40.1 ℃, according to the research of Sun mountain and the like, the optimal growth temperature of the south high variety is 23-35 ℃, therefore, the scion which is not shaded by a shading net is easy to be infected with diseases and scorched, and the grafting survival rate is reduced.
Therefore, the shading measure of the shading net is one of the important factors influencing the grafting system of the blueberries in summer. The shading net is most beneficial to improving the grafting survival rate of the blueberries in summer, is a key measure for success of the grafting of the blueberries in summer, and is suitable for popularization in production.
Table 2 influence of different sun-shading measures on scion survival rate.
In the table, B1 represents shading net shading and cK represents open-air shading.
As can be seen from Table 3, the scion survival rates of different sunshade heights are respectively 57.33% when the height of the scion is 0cm higher than the upper part of the stock, 89.00% when the height of the scion is 100cm, and 57.67% when the height of the scion is 200cm, and the variance analysis and multiple comparison show that the difference between the different sunshade heights is extremely obvious (P is less than or equal to O.01), but the sunshade heights are as much as 0cm higher than the upper part of the stock and 200cm higher than the upper part of the stock, and the. The reason for this is probably that when the height of the sunshade is 0cm higher, the shading is too low, so that the growth space of the blueberry trees is narrow, the air circulation is not smooth, the hot air is not easy to disperse, and the temperature is too high, so that the healing of the grafting opening is influenced, in addition, the slow photosynthesis-inducing plants of the southern high-bush blueberries are not suitable for being cultivated in the shading position, the shading is too low, the light is too dark, so that the grafting survival rate is reduced; when the height of the sunshade is 200cm higher, and because the sunshade is too high, strong light can directly irradiate on blueberry trees when the sun is sunned, and the sunshade and cooling effects of the sunshade cannot be fully exerted; therefore, a sunshade which is 100cm higher than the upper part of the stock is constructed for shading and cooling in summer grafting so as to ensure the survival rate of the scions.
Table 3 influence of sunshade height on scion survival rate.
In the table, C1 represents that the height of the sunshade is 0cm from the upper part of the stock, C2 represents that the height of the sunshade is 100cm from the upper part of the stock, and C3 represents that the height of the sunshade is 200cm from the upper part of the stock.
Test results show that the scion survival rate of the grafting strip wrapped by the wet towel reaches 88.00%, the scion survival rate of the fresh-keeping plastic film bag is 58.67%, the scion survival rate of the grafting strip without moisture retention is 44.00%, the difference of grafting survival rate of the 3 treatments is extremely obvious (P is less than or equal to 0.01), and the moisture retention measures of the grafting strip wrapped by the wet towel should be selected as much as possible in summer; the grafting survival rate of shading by using the shading net reaches 87.00 percent, the grafting survival rate of shading without using the shading net is only 28.33 percent, the grafting survival rate can be improved by 58.67 percent after shading by using the shading net, the difference reaches a very remarkable level, and shading by using the shading net is a key measure for successful blueberry grafting in summer. The survival rate of the sunshade which is 0cm higher than the upper part of the stock is 57.33%, the survival rate of the sunshade is 89.00% when the height of the sunshade is 100cm, the survival rate of the blueberry which is 200cm is 57.67%, the difference is extremely obvious (P is less than or equal to O.01), and the construction height of the blueberry grafted sunshade in summer is preferably 100cm higher than the upper part of the stock.
And (3) summarizing the 3 factors, obtaining an implementation scheme suitable for summer high-position grafting of blueberries, namely wrapping the grafting strips with wet towels, picking in the morning and grafting in the afternoon, and building a sunshade with the height being 100cm higher than the upper part of the stock.
According to literature data, the summer grafting survival rate of Euonymus japonicus (Euonymus europaea) is only 29.29% [12], in the experiment, due to the adoption of a moisture-preserving and fresh-keeping technology for wrapping a grafting strip by a wet towel, the scion is grafted in the afternoon, a black sunshade net originally built in a stock garden is used for shielding strong sunlight after grafting, the temperature is controlled, a proper ecological environment is created for healing of a grafting opening and growth of new buds, the summer grafting survival rate of the blueberry reaches 88.00%, after the blueberry is grafted and survived, the blueberry can be pulled out in the same year, the growth and development process of the grafted plant can be obviously accelerated, the blueberry can bloom and bear fruits in the 2 nd year, and therefore, the blueberry grafting can be carried out in summer.
The high grafting is to use the original tree skeleton to perform multi-head grafting and graft different varieties to achieve the purpose of one tree with multiple varieties, meet the requirements of picking experience and tour and sightseeing and prolong the picking time of fresh fruits. The summer grafting aims to ensure that the early-maturing varieties such as the Xiapulan, the Auricularia and the like have the removable fresh fruits in the current and the next year of grafting.
Besides the grafting method provided by the invention, other techniques in grafting are carried out by adopting a conventional grafting mode.
The embodiment of the invention has the characteristics that: adopt wet towel parcel to connect the strip, prevent effectively that the moisture of branch from evaporating because of high temperature and strong light irradiation, improve blueberry grafting survival rate, adopt the sunshade net sunshade, avoid scion to feel sick and sun burn, further improve blueberry grafting survival rate, the sunshade height is higher than stock upper portion and is higher than 100cm, blueberry growth space is suitable, and the circulation of air is smooth and easy, and the temperature is suitable, further improves blueberry grafting survival rate, excellent in use effect, blueberry grafting survival rate is high, does benefit to the popularization.
Although the present invention has been described with reference to preferred embodiments, workers skilled in the art will recognize that changes may be made in form and detail without departing from the scope of the claims.
Claims (3)
1. A summer high-position blueberry grafting method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) selecting varieties, namely taking 6 a-grown Sharpe blue blueberries as stocks, and taking branches of 3 blueberry varieties with Aunery, brilliant and peak as scions;
(2) the scions are moisturized and fresh-kept, the selected blueberry varieties are wrapped by wet towels to be grafted by a cutting grafting method, and the scions are grafted in the afternoon in the morning;
(3) the sunshade is built, a sunshade net is adopted for sunshade, and the height of the sunshade is built to be 100cm higher than the upper portion of the stock.
2. The high-position grafting method for blueberries in summer according to claim 1, wherein the grafting method comprises the following steps: and (4) shading by using a black shading net in the step (3).
3. The high-position grafting method for blueberries in summer according to claim 1, wherein the grafting method comprises the following steps: a sunshade net is adopted to shield the strong sunlight irradiation, and the temperature is controlled; controlling the humidity of the forest land by watering or watering; partially erasing the new sprouts below the wood drilling interface; and (3) sprouting and growing the 1 st sprout about 3 months after grafting, and unbinding and dismantling the sunshade net on the sunshade shed when the sprout is completely aged.
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Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101595811A (en) * | 2009-07-13 | 2009-12-09 | 德宏州林业局中心苗圃 | Grafting method of camellia bud stocks |
| CN104067864A (en) * | 2014-07-16 | 2014-10-01 | 江苏省中国科学院植物研究所 | Technology for grafting southern highbush blueberries with rabbiteye blueberries serving as stocks |
| CN104663260A (en) * | 2015-02-06 | 2015-06-03 | 肇庆学院 | Seedling culture method for improving adaptability of large-fruit type Vaccinium blueberry variety |
| CN109220277A (en) * | 2017-05-15 | 2019-01-18 | 靖州县新农珍稀苗木繁育专业合作社 | A kind of breeding method of Pterospermi Heterophylli grafting |
-
2020
- 2020-04-20 CN CN202010311335.0A patent/CN111386878A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101595811A (en) * | 2009-07-13 | 2009-12-09 | 德宏州林业局中心苗圃 | Grafting method of camellia bud stocks |
| CN104067864A (en) * | 2014-07-16 | 2014-10-01 | 江苏省中国科学院植物研究所 | Technology for grafting southern highbush blueberries with rabbiteye blueberries serving as stocks |
| CN104663260A (en) * | 2015-02-06 | 2015-06-03 | 肇庆学院 | Seedling culture method for improving adaptability of large-fruit type Vaccinium blueberry variety |
| CN109220277A (en) * | 2017-05-15 | 2019-01-18 | 靖州县新农珍稀苗木繁育专业合作社 | A kind of breeding method of Pterospermi Heterophylli grafting |
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