CN113207453B - Tea tree cutting branch off-site keep-alive method - Google Patents
Tea tree cutting branch off-site keep-alive method Download PDFInfo
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- CN113207453B CN113207453B CN202110616151.XA CN202110616151A CN113207453B CN 113207453 B CN113207453 B CN 113207453B CN 202110616151 A CN202110616151 A CN 202110616151A CN 113207453 B CN113207453 B CN 113207453B
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G2/00—Vegetative propagation
- A01G2/10—Vegetative propagation by means of cuttings
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G31/00—Soilless cultivation, e.g. hydroponics
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G7/00—Botany in general
- A01G7/06—Treatment of growing trees or plants, e.g. for preventing decay of wood, for tingeing flowers or wood, for prolonging the life of plants
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05B—PHOSPHATIC FERTILISERS
- C05B7/00—Fertilisers based essentially on alkali or ammonium orthophosphates
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G5/00—Fertilisers characterised by their form
- C05G5/20—Liquid fertilisers
- C05G5/23—Solutions
Abstract
The invention discloses a method for keeping tea tree cutting branches alive in different places, which comprises the steps of primary selection and treatment of the cutting branches, collection time of the cutting branches, treatment of the cutting branches, pest control and later management. The invention provides a tea tree cutting branch off-site keep-alive method, which provides a large leaf tea off-site keep-alive technology from the aspects of heat preservation, water preservation, cutting fixation, photosynthesis maintenance, sufficient nutrient supply, pest control and the like, and is convenient for scientific research or production activities to conveniently obtain the large leaf tea branch.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of tea tree planting, in particular to a method for keeping tea tree cutting branches alive in different places.
Background
The large leaf tea is a special tea seed in Yunnan, is an important scientific research object, particularly wild tea trees and ancient tea trees in the large leaf tea are often picked for scientific research, and if the natural conditions of the collected places and experimental places are not suitable for the growth of the large leaf tea or the experimental places lack of cutting planting conditions temporarily, the problem of difficult preservation means exists, particularly when the large leaf tea is used for cutting propagation test, the problem is more remarkable.
If the small branches used for cutting are only 7-10cm, the small branches used for cutting are directly cut into small branches for cutting, wilting is carried out within a few hours, and a large number of useless branches are carried back when the large branches are cut in a carrying-back test, so that the cost is increased. Under the condition of binding the branches together by using conventional moisturizing and wrapping measures, the branches can generate heat, wither and rot due to respiration, microbial fermentation and the like, can keep alive for about 1 week at most, and can cause death of part of the branches; the traditional incubator keeps alive and transports, the effective time is only a few days, and if the ice bag is frozen unconditionally in the process, the effective time of keep alive is shorter; the survival rate can be greatly reduced after the long-distance transportation, and the methods such as wrapping by the moisturizing material can only keep alive for about 1 week, and the survival rate can be greatly reduced.
If the cutting is carried out by directly using the substrates such as soil for cutting the branches at the collection place, the cutting container is easy to topple over due to jolt of mountain roads, the substrates and the cutting branches are sprayed out, and the soil substrates are not ventilated in the transportation process, so that microorganisms are easy to breed and pollute the cutting branches.
The cutting of other woody tree species such as fig, willow, pomegranate and the like has large size and stores more nutrients, the leaves can grow again after withering in the cutting process, the small cutting branches of the large-leaf tea are tiny, the nutrients in the cutting branches are insufficient, and if the leaves fall down, the leaves can die because of photosynthesis failure.
Therefore, aiming at the problems, the survival of the branches of the large leaf tea cuttings needs to be solved, and the problems of a survival container, a substrate, transportation, water and fertilizer supply and the like are required to be solved. At present, the main method for current tea tree cutting is a method for current tea tree cutting, and the technology of remote keep-alive treatment is not reported yet. Based on the above, the invention provides a method for keeping the cutting branches of tea trees alive in different places under the background.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problems, the invention provides a method for keeping the cutting branches of tea trees alive in different places.
According to the purpose of the invention, the invention provides the following technical scheme:
a method for keeping the cutting branches of tea trees alive in different places comprises the following steps:
s1, primary selection and treatment of cutting branches
Selecting semi-annual semi-lignified tea tree young branches, cutting off the young branches, and filling the young branches in a breathable and moisture-preserving packaging bag or container;
after the branches are collected, the branches are timely trimmed to form cutting branches, the cutting branches are collected from tea trees, the time in winter is not more than 8 hours, and the time in summer is not more than 3 hours;
s2, cutting branch collection time
The branch collection in sunny days is proper in the morning and evening, so that the period of strong branch wilting in sunlight is avoided; the artificial tea garden avoids the time period after tea farmers trim;
s3, cutting small branch treatment
After removing overold and overtender parts, cutting the branches into small sections according to the length of 5-6.5cm, wherein each section is provided with a blade and axillary buds, the lower end of each section is cut into a 45-degree bevel, and the upper end of each section is cut at a position which is 2-3mm close to a petiole;
after trimming, putting the small branches into a 50% carbendazim solution with the concentration of 1000 times, soaking, properly turning over for 3 minutes, fishing out and airing to remove potential pathogenic bacteria;
s4, preparation of keep-alive container
The keep-alive container comprises a bottom tray, an upper transparent cover and a cuttage basin, wherein the bottom of the bottom tray is provided with a groove for receiving redundant moisture, the transparent cover is provided with an air hole, the bottom of the cuttage basin is provided with a reticular small hole, and the bottom of the cuttage basin is provided with supporting legs;
before the keep-alive container is used, soaking, cleaning and sterilizing the keep-alive container by using a 50% carbendazim solution which is 500 times of the keep-alive container to remove the potential pathogenic bacteria;
s5, preparing a cutting matrix
The cutting matrix uses a sponge with a slightly hard texture, the sponge is processed into a cube small block with a side length of 2cm and a height of 4cm, and the upper end of the cube small block is provided with a small hole with a diameter of 2.5mm and a depth of less than 2 cm; 4 sponge blocks can be arranged in each cuttage basin, and each sponge block is inserted with a small branch;
s6, cutting small branches
Placing the sponge block in clear water for about two seconds to absorb water, properly shaking to remove excessive water, vertically inserting the treated branches into small holes prepared in advance at the upper part of the sponge, and approaching the bottom of the sponge; after cutting, spraying all the leaves with a spray can;
s7, early stage and transportation management
Before transportation, the solar energy collector is placed in a place with good air circulation and no direct convection, so that strong light, sun drying and long-time darkness are avoided; under the condition of management and protection, the upper transparent cover can be not buckled, and the blades are properly sprayed with water for moisturizing after being dried, and the water is generally sprayed for 1 to 5 times per day;
when no management and protection are carried out, the upper transparent cover can be covered, the ventilation holes on the upper part are opened, water is sprayed every day appropriately, the sponges and the blades are kept moist, water is not needed to be supplemented for 3-7 days continuously when the air humidity is high in rainy seasons, and ventilation of the cover is ensured to be carried out at least 1 time every day in dry seasons, and each time is at least 5 minutes;
during transportation, the periphery of the upper transparent cover is properly fixed on the bottom tray by using transparent adhesive tapes, the ventilation holes are opened, the keep-alive container can be adjacently and overlapped to be placed, and the periphery is properly filled with soft materials to avoid sliding; if sunlight is directly irradiated through the vehicle window, the sunlight is shielded, the door can be properly opened for ventilation during transportation, and the temperature in the transportation space is prevented from being too high;
s8, using nutrient solution
The nutrient solution is used for enabling tea tree branches to absorb needed nutrients through branches and leaves, keeping leaves emerald green and free of leaf drop, maintaining normal photosynthesis and promoting callus growth and rooting;
s9, daily management
Strong light is avoided, and if the natural outdoor illumination condition is placed, a shading net with the shading rate of 70% can be used for shading;
under the condition of taking care, the transparent cover can be removed normally, but the blades and the sponge blocks are required to be kept wet frequently, the transparent cover is required to be covered when no person takes care, the ventilation holes are opened, and the air humidity in the keep-alive container is kept to be more than 85%;
when the temperature exceeds 24 ℃, the transparent cover is prevented from being covered for a long time, and ventilation is carried out at least once a day;
the air hole is closed when the air is placed indoors in winter under low temperature conditions, and the transparent cover is opened for one time in 3-5 days;
s10, pest control
Under the condition of keeping alive, the plant diseases and insect pests are rare, and aphids, coconut scales, lesser leafhoppers, anthracnose and the like are seen occasionally; manually removing few insect pests, and timely spraying solutions of quetiapine, prometryn, imidacloprid and the like; the anthracnose can remove disease plants, and 80% of thiram mixed solution is applied for 1000 times of solution for prevention and control; spraying the carbendazim solution with the concentration of 50% for about 10-20 days for 1000 times, and if the daily keep-alive environment condition is good, no disease occurs or spraying is not needed;
s11, post-management
Obvious callus begins after 15-60 days, rooting starts after 1-4 months, and transplanting into soil can be carried out according to the need after the small shoots root.
Further, in S1, the shoots and branches with strong axillary buds and no plant diseases and insect pests are preferentially selected.
Further, in S3, in order to prolong the keep-alive time, when cutting branches are collected on the tea tree, when the length of the branches is short, the length of the collected branches should be prolonged, including old branch parts which can be discarded, so as to avoid wilting due to too fast evaporation of water.
Further, in S3, cutting off half or more leaves reserved at the upper end of the cutting branches, and reserving 6cm in total by adding leaves and leaves to reduce the evaporation capacity of the leaves; in the process of pruning the small branches, the discovered pests and the disease branches are timely removed, so that the occurrence of the diseases and the pests in the later period is avoided.
Further, in S3, if the plant is required to keep alive for more than 20 days or is to be planted after cutting and rooting, the lower end of the small branch is soaked by diluting the lower end with water for 1000 times, and the soaking depth is 2cm, so that the generation of callus and root is promoted.
Further, in S3, the specific operation of the naphthalene acetic acid treatment is:
placing naphthalene acetic acid solution in a container with a depth of 2cm, placing a plurality of plastic cylinders with a diameter of 7cm and a height of 6cm in the solution, vertically placing tea tree branches in the plastic cylinders, and soaking the lower ends; the soaking time was 24 hours.
Further, in S8, the nutrient solution includes the following composition in parts by weight:
in addition, in S8, al ions in the nutrient solution can promote nitrogen absorption, and the nutrient solution contains various microelements required by tea trees, and has an effect superior to that of the conventional nutrient solution which only takes nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium as components; the nutrient solution can be applied once every ten days, and can be directly sprayed on the leaves or the sponge blocks below.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
the invention provides a tea tree cutting branch off-site keep-alive method, which provides a large leaf tea off-site keep-alive technology from the aspects of heat preservation, water preservation, cutting fixation, photosynthesis maintenance, sufficient nutrient supply, pest control and the like, and is convenient for scientific research or production activities to conveniently obtain the large leaf tea branch.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the embodiments of the present invention, and it is apparent that the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the invention.
Example 1
The invention discloses a method for keeping tea tree cutting branches alive in different places, which comprises the following steps:
1 Primary selection and treatment of cutting branches
Cutting shoots cannot be cut directly from tea trees, and thus wilting is too fast to use.
The method is characterized in that semi-lignified young branches (green outer skin) growing for about half a year are selected on tea trees, and branches with strong stems and axillary buds and no plant diseases and insect pests are selected as far as possible, and are sheared by branch shears, so that when cutting branches are collected on the tea trees for prolonging keep-alive time, when the lengths of the branches suitable for use are shorter, the lengths of the collected branches, including old branch parts which can be discarded, are properly prolonged, and the wilting caused by too fast evaporation of water is avoided.
The collected branches are contained in a breathable and moisture-preserving packaging bag or container, and water can be sprayed appropriately to keep the branches alive under certain conditions.
After the branches are collected, the branches are timely trimmed into cutting branches, the cutting branches are collected from tea trees, the cutting branches are trimmed into cutting branches in winter for not more than 8 hours, and the cutting branches are trimmed into cutting branches in summer for not more than 3 hours. Otherwise, the branches tend to yellow and wilt due to respiration, fever or water loss.
2 cutting shoot collection time
The invention can collect cutting branches in four seasons, but the following aspects should be noted:
if the timing of pruning the tea trees is combined with tea farmers, on one hand, the normal growth of the tea trees is not damaged, and the pruned branches can be effectively utilized, so that the method is most suitable.
The time period after the artificial tea garden is prevented from being trimmed by tea farmers, for example, the artificial tea garden is trimmed after the tea is picked and collected at the beginning of 4 months to 5 months, and branches on the tea trees are generally old branches and new branches which are new, and are not suitable.
The tea tree without artificial interference can be used in four seasons.
The branches are collected in sunny days, preferably in the morning and in the evening, and the period of strong branches wilting in sunlight should be avoided, and the branches are unlimited in cloudy days.
3 cutting branch treatment
After the overold and overtender parts are removed, the branches are cut into small sections according to the length of about 5-6.5cm (the distance from the upper end to the lower end of each small branch), each section is guaranteed to be provided with a blade and axillary buds, the lower end is cut into a 45-degree bevel, the upper end is cut at a position which is 2-3mm close to a petiole, under the common condition, each blade and branches below can be processed into a cutting small branch, when the distance between the blades of the branches is too short, part of the blades can be removed, the upper end blade is reserved, and the cutting small branch with the length of 5-6.5cm is processed.
Leaves reserved at the upper ends of the cutting branches are used for photosynthesis during the keeping period, but half or more of leaves are needed to be cut off according to the situation, and leaves are reserved for about 6cm in total by the leaves and the stems, so that the evaporation capacity of the leaves is reduced, and the leaves are convenient to store and manage during the keeping period.
In the process of pruning the small branches, the discovered pests and the disease branches are timely removed, so that the occurrence of the diseases and the pests in the later period is avoided.
After trimming, the small branches are soaked in a carbendazim solution with the concentration of 1000 times of 50 percent and properly turned over for about 3 minutes, and then the small branches are fished out and dried to remove the potential pathogenic bacteria.
After the small branch is sheared, the small branch is treated by plant hormone according to the duration of the keep-alive time, if the small branch is used for other scientific experiments only by keeping the small branch alive for 10-20 days, the small branch can be directly used for standby according to the subsequent steps; if the plant needs to keep alive for a longer time or is to be planted after cutting and rooting, the lower end of the small branch is soaked (soaking depth is about 2 cm) by diluting with water for 1000 times, so as to promote the generation of callus and root. The specific operation comprises placing naphthalene acetic acid solution in a container with a depth of about 2cm, placing a plastic cylinder (or other similar facilities such as common mineral water bottle for rapid processing) with a diameter of about 7cm and a height of about 6cm in the solution, vertically placing tea tree branches in the cylinder, and soaking the lower end; the soaking time was 24 hours. The soaking process may also be carried out during transport.
4 preparation of keep-alive Container
The keep-alive container can be made of plastic products and comprises a bottom tray, an upper transparent cover and a cuttage small basin, wherein the bottom tray is black (heat absorption and heat preservation), the bottom tray is about 55cm long and about 5cm high, the cover is about 18cm high, the bottom of the tray is provided with grooves for receiving redundant water, the small branches are prevented from being rotten due to excessive water in the cuttage basin, and meanwhile, the water in the grooves can play a role in adjusting air humidity during drying; the transparent cover can keep water and heat after being covered, and can enable the leaves on the branches in the container to carry out photosynthesis, and the cover is provided with a switch which can be opened and closed for ventilation; the cuttage basin is square, black (shading is favorable for root growth and development), the side length is about 6cm (the bottom can be slightly narrow), the height is about 6.5cm, the bottom is provided with net-shaped small holes for filtering out redundant moisture, the bottom is provided with 4 supporting legs, the bottom is prevented from being soaked in filtered water, proper ventilation can be ensured, and a keep-alive container is suitable for filling up 32 cuttage basins.
Before using the keep-alive container, the container tray, the cover, the cuttage basin and the like are soaked, washed and disinfected by 50% carbendazim solution (diluted by 500 times of water) to remove the potential pathogenic bacteria.
5 preparation of cutting Medium
The cutting matrix does not use conventional soil, but uses sponge with hard texture, so that the processing is convenient, the sponge is processed into a cube small block with the side length of 2cm and the height of 4cm, the upper end of the cube small block is perforated with a small hole in advance by a spike-shaped object with the diameter of about 2.5mm, and the depth is slightly less than 2cm, namely the small hole depth is as low as the bottom but not perforated.
Thus, 4 sponge blocks can be arranged in each cuttage small basin, each sponge block is inserted with one small branch, and 128 small branches can be inserted into one keep-alive container. Because the sponge block is square and is placed in the square cuttage basin, the sponge block can not mutually displace in the transportation process, has good stability, and the sponge is water-retaining and breathable, is rich in elasticity, can effectively fix tea tree branches, can still ensure that the branches are in a dynamic stable cuttage state under stronger jolt, and avoids the death or the disease source pollution of the branches caused by the difficulty in handling the conventional soil matrix after the conventional soil matrix is overturned in the transportation process.
6 small branch cutting
After the steps are prepared, the sponge block is placed in clear water to absorb water for about two seconds, and is properly shaken to remove excessive water, so that no obvious water is sprayed out when the sponge block is shaken with ordinary force (namely, the sponge is moist and does not drip water, and only slightly ponded water is formed at the bottom after the sponge block is slightly placed), and 4 sponge blocks are placed in a group of small cuttage basins.
The treated branches are vertically inserted into small holes prepared in advance at the upper part of the sponge and are inserted to be close to the bottom of the sponge. And pay attention to the adjustment little branch direction of inserting, guarantee that all little branches insert back blade front and all approximately face the same direction to guarantee that in the next step of placing, the light can shine more blades simultaneously.
After cutting, all the leaves are sprayed with water by a spray can.
Early 7 and transportation management
Before transportation, the cutting process is completed, the cutting process is placed in a place with good air circulation and no direct convection, strict illumination requirements can be avoided for 1-3 days in a short period, strong light, sun drying and long-time darkness are avoided, under the condition of management and protection of people, the cutting process can be completed without covering a cover, water is properly sprayed for moisturizing after leaves are dried, and the water spraying times are regulated according to the air temperature and the air humidity, and generally 1-5 times per day; when no management is needed, the cover can be covered, the ventilation holes on the upper part can be opened, the sponge and the blades can be kept moist by spraying water appropriately every day according to local air temperature and humidity, when the air humidity is high in rainy season, the water can be continuously not supplemented for 3-7 days, the water can be supplemented every day in dry season, and ventilation is ensured by opening the cover at least 1 time every day for at least 5 minutes every time.
During transportation, the periphery of the cover can be properly fixed on the tray below by using transparent adhesive tape, and the vent holes are covered to protect the opening state. The keep-alive containers can be placed adjacently and in an overlapping way, and the periphery of the keep-alive containers is properly filled with soft materials so as to avoid sliding. If sunlight is directly irradiated through the vehicle window, the sunlight is shielded, the door can be properly opened during transportation, and the temperature in the transportation space is prevented from being too high.
8 use of nutrient solution
Because tea tree branches are small, new leaves can be grown after the leaves fall off like the leaves of big cuttage branches such as willows, figs and pomegranates, and the like, once the leaves of the tea tree branches are withered or fallen, the death of the branches is indicated, and axillary buds can also quickly dry, so that it is important to keep only half or one leaf on the branches. The proper use of the nutrient solution can enable the branches of the tea tree to absorb the needed nutrients through the branches and leaves, maintain the leaves emerald green without leaf loss, maintain normal photosynthesis and promote the growth and rooting of the callus.
The formula of the nutrient solution is as follows:
table 1 tea tree branch nutrient solution formula
The Al ions in the formula can promote the absorption of nitrogen, contain various microelements required by tea trees, and have better effect than the conventional nutrient solution which only takes nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium as components. Can be applied once every ten days, and can directly spray the blade or the sponge block below.
9 daily management
Strong light is avoided, and if the natural outdoor illumination condition is placed, a shading net with the shading rate of 70% can be used for shading.
Under attended conditions, the cover may be removed often but it is necessary to keep the blade and sponge pieces wet often. When no person takes care, a cover is required to be arranged (the ventilation holes are covered to be opened), and the air humidity in the keep-alive container is kept to be more than 85%.
When the temperature exceeds 24 ℃, the cover is prevented from being covered for a long time, and ventilation is opened at least once a day.
The cover is placed indoors in winter under low temperature condition, the vent hole on the cover can be closed, and the cover can be opened for one time in 3-5 days.
Otherwise, the same as in step 7.
10 pest control
Under the condition of keeping alive, the plant diseases and insect pests are rare, and aphids, coconut scales, lesser leafhoppers, anthracnose and the like are rare.
Few insect pests can be manually removed, and solutions such as quetiapine, prometryn, imidacloprid and the like can be sprayed in time.
The anthracnose can remove the disease plants and is controlled by applying 80% of thiram mixed solution 1000 times of the anthracnose mixed solution.
The carbendazim solution with the concentration of 50% is sprayed once about 10-20 days, and if the daily keep-alive environment condition is good, no disease occurs, and the spraying can be omitted.
11 post management
The tea tree branches kept alive according to the technology have obvious calli after 20-60 days and root after 1-4 months according to the conditions of season temperature and the like, so the keep-alive technology can also be directly used as a cuttage technology.
After the small branches root, the small branches can keep alive under the same management and protection means, and can be transplanted into soil or used for other purposes as required.
12 knots
The invention provides a technology for keeping big leaf tea alive in different places from the aspects of heat preservation, water preservation, cuttage fixation, photosynthesis maintenance, sufficient nutrient supply, pest control and the like, and is convenient for scientific research or production activities to conveniently obtain big leaf tea branches.
The inventor collects big-leaf tea branches in the early 12 th year 2000, and performs the survival test of all procedures of the invention in the season which is least favorable for cutting, thereby obtaining good effect, and the survival rate is more than 90% after 4 months.
The invention has the following advantages:
1. under the condition that the original place (cutting small branch collecting place) of the tea tree is far away from the test place, the activity of cutting slips is reduced due to long-distance transportation, and the survival rate of cutting in different places is low.
2. The matrix processing proportioning procedure caused by soil cuttage is complex, the air permeability and water retention characteristics are not easy to control, the microorganism is easy to pollute, the survival rate is reduced, and the invention adopts sponge cuttage, has good water retention and air permeability and is not easy to pollute.
3. Under the condition of cutting in the collecting place, the soil of the common container is very easy to drop out the matrix and cutting strips in the container due to jolt in transportation, so that the cutting survival is affected and sanitary pollution is caused. The invention adopts the sponge as the cutting matrix, has fixed elastic energy and can not drop out due to jolt transportation.
4. The traditional cuttage is to select annual semi-lignified (crust purple red) branches as cuttage strips, and has the defects of large material waste, small quantity and the like.
5. The method is not limited by seasons, and the branches can be collected and kept alive all the year round.
6. The special nutrient solution is used to make the leaves of the small branch emerald green for normal photosynthesis during the period of keeping alive.
7. The survival time is long, and the survival rate of the small branches after four months is over 95% even if the technology is used in winter which is least suitable for cutting.
Finally, it should be noted that: the above embodiments are only for illustrating the technical solution of the present invention, and not for limiting the same; although the invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that: the technical scheme described in the foregoing embodiments can be modified or some or all of the technical features thereof can be replaced by equivalents; such modifications and substitutions do not depart from the spirit of the invention.
Claims (7)
1. The method for keeping the cutting branches of the tea trees alive in different places is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1, primary selection and treatment of cutting branches
Selecting semi-annual semi-lignified tea tree young branches, cutting off the young branches, and filling the young branches in a breathable and moisture-preserving packaging bag or container;
after the branches are collected, the branches are timely trimmed to form cutting branches, the cutting branches are collected from tea trees, the time in winter is not more than 8 hours, and the time in summer is not more than 3 hours;
s2, cutting branch collection time
The branch is picked in sunny days, preferably in the morning and in the evening, avoiding the period of strong branch wilting of sunlight, and avoiding the period of time after pruning by tea farmers in an artificial tea garden;
s3, cutting small branch treatment
After removing overold and overtender parts, cutting the branches into small sections according to the length of 5-6.5cm, wherein each section is provided with a blade and axillary buds, the lower end of each section is cut into a 45-degree bevel, and the upper end of each section is cut at a position which is 2-3mm close to a petiole;
after trimming, putting the small branches into a 50% carbendazim solution with the concentration of 1000 times, soaking, properly turning over for 3 minutes, fishing out and airing to remove potential pathogenic bacteria;
s4, preparation of keep-alive container
The keep-alive container comprises a bottom tray, an upper transparent cover and a cuttage basin, wherein the bottom of the bottom tray is provided with a groove for receiving redundant moisture, the transparent cover is provided with an air hole, the bottom of the cuttage basin is provided with a reticular small hole, and the bottom of the cuttage basin is provided with supporting legs;
before the keep-alive container is used, soaking, cleaning and sterilizing the keep-alive container by using a 50% carbendazim solution which is 500 times of the keep-alive container to remove the potential pathogenic bacteria;
s5, preparing a cutting matrix
The cutting matrix uses a sponge with a slightly hard texture, the sponge is processed into small blocks with the side length of 2cm and the height of 4cm, and small holes with the diameter of 2.5mm and the depth of less than 2cm are drilled at the upper ends of the small sponge blocks; 4 sponge blocks are arranged in each cuttage basin, and each sponge block is inserted with a small branch;
s6, cutting small branches
Placing the sponge block in clear water for two seconds to absorb water, properly shaking to remove excessive water, vertically inserting the treated branches into small holes prepared in advance at the upper part of the sponge, and approaching the bottom of the sponge; after cutting, spraying all the leaves with a spray can;
s7, early stage and transportation management
Before transportation, the solar energy collector is placed in a place with good air circulation and no direct convection, so that strong light, sun drying and long-time darkness are avoided; under the condition of management and protection, the upper transparent cover is not required to be buckled, and the blades are properly sprayed with water for moisturizing after being dried, and the water is generally sprayed for 1 to 5 times per day;
when no management and protection are carried out, the upper transparent cover is covered, the ventilation holes on the upper part are opened, water is sprayed every day properly, the sponge and the blades are kept moist, water is not needed to be supplemented for 3-7 days continuously when the air humidity is high in a rainy season, and ventilation of the cover is ensured to be carried out at least 1 time every day in a dry season, and at least 5 minutes each time is ensured;
during transportation, the periphery of the upper transparent cover is properly fixed on the bottom tray by using transparent adhesive tapes, the ventilation holes are opened, the keep-alive containers are adjacently and overlapped, and the periphery is properly filled with soft materials to avoid sliding; if sunlight is directly irradiated through the vehicle window, the sunlight is shielded, and the door is properly opened to breathe freely during transportation, so that the temperature in the transportation space is prevented from being too high;
s8, using nutrient solution
The nutrient solution is used for enabling tea tree branches to absorb needed nutrients through branches and leaves, keeping leaves emerald green and free of leaf drop, maintaining normal photosynthesis and promoting callus growth and rooting;
s9, daily management
Strong light is avoided, if the natural outdoor illumination condition is placed, a shading net with the shading rate of 70% is used for shading;
under the condition of taking care of people, the transparent cover is usually taken down, but the blades and the sponge blocks are required to be kept wet, the transparent cover is covered when no people take care of the people, the ventilation holes are opened, and the air humidity in the keep-alive container is kept to be more than 85%;
when the temperature exceeds 24 ℃, the transparent cover is prevented from being covered for a long time, and ventilation is carried out at least once a day;
the air hole is closed when the air is placed indoors in winter under low temperature conditions, and the transparent cover is opened for one time in 3-5 days;
s10, pest control
Under the condition of keeping alive, the plant diseases and insect pests are rare, and aphids, coconut scales, lesser leafhoppers and anthracnose are seen on occasion; manually removing few insect pests, and timely spraying a quetiapine, a prometryn and imidacloprid solution; removing disease plants from anthracnose, and applying 80% of thiram mixed solution 1000 times of solution for control; spraying a 50% carbendazim solution 1000 times of the same time for 10-20 days, and if the daily keep-alive environment condition is good, no disease occurs and no spraying is needed;
s11, post-management
Obvious callus begins after 15-60 days, rooting starts after 1-4 months, and transplanting into soil as required after rooting of the small shoots.
2. The method for keeping tea tree cutting branches alive in different places according to claim 1, wherein in the step S1, shoots with strong axillary buds and branches without diseases and insect pests are selected.
3. The method for keeping the cutting branches of tea trees alive in different places according to claim 1, wherein in S3, in order to prolong the keeping time, when the cutting branches are collected on the tea trees, the length of the collected branches should be prolonged when the length of the branches is short, including old branch parts which can be discarded, so as to avoid wilting due to too fast evaporation of water.
4. The method for keeping the branches of tea trees alive in different places according to claim 1, wherein in the S3, the leaves reserved at the upper ends of the branches are cut off by half or more, leaves are reserved for 6cm in total by leaves and stems, so that the evaporation capacity of the leaves is reduced, and the discovered pests and the disease branches are removed in time in the process of pruning the branches, so that the later generation of diseases and pests is avoided.
5. The method for keeping the branches of tea trees alive in different places according to claim 1, wherein in the S3, if the branches are required to keep alive for more than 20 days or are used for planting after cutting and rooting, the lower ends of the branches are soaked in naphthalene acetic acid which is diluted 1000 times by water, and the soaking depth is 2cm, so that the generation of calli and roots is promoted.
6. The method for keeping the cutting branches of tea trees alive in different places according to claim 5, wherein in the step S3, the specific operation of the naphthylacetic acid treatment is as follows:
placing naphthalene acetic acid solution in a container with a depth of 2cm, placing a plurality of plastic cylinders with a diameter of 7cm and a height of 6cm in the solution, vertically placing tea tree branches in the plastic cylinders, and soaking the lower ends; the soaking time was 24 hours.
7. The method for keeping the branches of tea trees alive in different places by cutting according to claim 1, wherein in the S8, al ions in the nutrient solution can promote the absorption of nitrogen and contain various microelements required by tea trees, and the effect is better than that of the conventional nutrient solution which only takes nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium as components; the nutrient solution was applied once every ten days, directly spraying the leaves or underlying sponge pieces.
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