CN106900205A - A kind of ilex pubescens nursery propagation method - Google Patents
A kind of ilex pubescens nursery propagation method Download PDFInfo
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C1/00—Apparatus, or methods of use thereof, for testing or treating seed, roots, or the like, prior to sowing or planting
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C1/00—Apparatus, or methods of use thereof, for testing or treating seed, roots, or the like, prior to sowing or planting
- A01C1/08—Immunising seed
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G7/00—Botany in general
- A01G7/06—Treatment of growing trees or plants, e.g. for preventing decay of wood, for tingeing flowers or wood, for prolonging the life of plants
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G9/00—Cultivation in receptacles, forcing-frames or greenhouses; Edging for beds, lawn or the like
- A01G9/02—Receptacles, e.g. flower-pots or boxes; Glasses for cultivating flowers
- A01G9/029—Receptacles for seedlings
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Abstract
The present invention relates to agricultural plantation technology field, it is related to a kind of ilex pubescens nursery propagation method, comprises the following steps：The first step, seed collection, second step washes kind, the 3rd step, seed disinfection, the 4th step, sand storage and management, the 5th step, seedbed prepares, the 6th step, sowing, the 7th step, managing after sowing, the 8th step, seedling management：（1）Watering, fertilizing,（2）Weeding thinning,（3）The prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control, the 9th step goes out garden transplanting.The invention provides a kind of seed propagation method of ilex pubescens; solve the problems, such as existing seedling propagating technology imperfection, it is lack of standardization caused by seedling cost is high, seedling raise period is long, planting percent is low; to realize ilex pubescens Wild, standardization, large-scale production provide technical support.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to field of plant growing technology, and in particular to a kind of ilex pubescens nursery propagation method.
Background technology
Ilex pubescens be Aquifoliaceae Holly Ilex pubescens, also known as tealeaves Chinese ilex (Chinese Higher plant scheme
Mirror), close hair vacation Chinese littleleaf box (Flora of Taiwan), close ilex pubescens (Taiwan xylophyta figure will).Ilex pubescens likes the weather of warm and moist,
Be born in height above sea level 100-1000 meters of hillside evergreen broadleaf forest or in border, bushes and by small stream, roadside.It is not tight to soil requirement
Lattice, in addition to salt-soda soil, chaor, can grow in fertile or barren place, but need to cover, suitably good in loose, draining
Sand loam in cultivate.Ilex pubescens is used as medicine with root, stem, and property is bitter, and taste is put down.Has clearing heat and detoxicating, effect of blood circulation and channel invigorating.Control wind-heat
Flu, dyspnea and cough due to lung-heat, laryngeal edema, tonsillitis, dysentery, coronary heart disease, the hemiplegia caused by cerebrovas-cularaccident, rhomboembolia type arteries and veins
The diseases such as pipe inflammation.Additionally, ilex pubescens is the plant cold tea of wild, tool《Compendium of Materia Medica》Record, ilex pubescens has nourishing the liver, shield
Liver, effect of heat-clearing, the vital organs of the human body to nursing one's health human body, toxin-expelling intestine-cleaning stomach, raising body immunity plays the role of very big；Especially
It is adapted to easily excessive internal heat, abscess of throat, tobacco and wine are excessive, damp and hot, have a sleepless night, cough, expectoration crowd drinks.Recently as ilex pubescens system
The growth of agent demand, raw medicinal material market has openings is increasing.At present on ilex pubescens Wild, seedling propagating technology
The research of aspect is less, and Lai Zhenzhen etc. exists《Plant Physiology Communications》On deliver《The tissue cultures of ilex pubescens are numerous with quick
Grow》, its method is, by cultivating seeds into seedling, then to carry out tissue using the tender shoots of seedling and expand numerous training using tissue cultures mode
Seedling is formed, whole process is time-consuming to be relatively about 145 days, and toxigenic capacity is high, and technical difficulty is larger, is difficult to be promoted.Wang Li
English is in its Master's thesis《Several Zhejiang Province's native soil Holly reproduction techniques and relative biological value research》In carry out
Seminal propagation experiment is crossed, ilex pubescens is bred using the method for prior seed lamination, germination percentage germinates between 22.5%-28.8%
Rate is relatively low, and is to carry out indoors, only proceeds to the development stage, fails to form Formal description, to actual production directive significance
It is limited.
The content of the invention
It is not complete in existing seedling propagating technology to solve it is an object of the invention to provide a kind of ilex pubescens nursery propagation method
Germination percentage is low caused by kind, lack of standardization, and seedling raise period is long, the low problem of planting percent, to realize ilex pubescens Wild, mark
Standardization, large-scale production provide technical support.
The technical solution adopted in the present invention：
A kind of ilex pubescens nursery propagation method, comprises the following steps：
The first step, seed collection.Growth selection is healthy and strong, the strong age maternal plant of no disease and pests harm as seed collecting maternal plant, in mid or late October
To late November, when the berry on maternal plant is complete red by blue-stain, show that seed is ripe, you can be acquired.
Second step, washes kind.The berry of the fresh mature that will be collected is squished with plank, then crumples broken berry, is made
Seed is separated with pericarp and pulp, then is soaked with clear water, is stood, and removing floats over the pericarp and flat grain on upper strata, repeated multiple times
Cleaning and dipping, that is, obtain the seed that purity is up to 90%.
3rd step, seed disinfection.The firm seed for washing out is soaked 30-60 minutes with 0.25% liquor potassic permanganate, is carried out
Sterilization；Seed is taken out after sterilization, is rinsed 2-3 times with clear water, the moon dries in the air, keep seed moistening, it is standby.
4th step, sand storage and management.Fine sand is shakeout in advance be placed under the sun to be exposed to the sun 2 days and carry out disinfection or spray 0.5%
Simultaneously overlay film carries out disinfection liquor potassic permanganate for 1 day, and the moistening seed after then disinfecting is with fine sand according to volume ratio 1:10
Ratio mix, add appropriate 0.02% potassium dihydrogen phosphate for preparing, mix, adjustment humidity is maintained at 50%-60%, so
Cover thin film on sand drift again afterwards；Often to be checked during sand storage, keep humidity in 50%-60%.
5th step, seedbed prepares.The loam or sandy loam of fertile soil are selected as nursery, application of organic fertilizers
1000kg/ mus, plough deeply it is thin plough, leveling, ridging does seedbed, and seedbed 1.0m wide, 20cm high, length are advisable with 20m, between seedbed and
The gutter furrow width 40cm of surrounding, uniform draining of being poured water so as to seedling is unobstructed, it is ensured that growth of seedling.
6th step, sowing.Autumn sowing, late December to mid-January, after seed fraction shows money or valuables one carries unintentionally by sowed；Sowing
The fine earth of the preceding elder generation thickness of bedding one about 3cm on ready-made seedbed, then pours permeable, seedbed is absorbed water abundant；Again by sand storage
Seed uniform broadcasting in seedbed, the then fine sand or fine earth of bedding last layer thickness about 0.5cm, then covering one layer of straw above；
Then clear water is sprayed again, drenches seedbed；Hut is finally taken, overlay film shelters from heat or light.
7th step, managing after sowing.Broadcast rear Ying Qin to check, it is degree that soil moisture is not done with surface soil；Fill within general 5-10 days
Once, the water surface should be less than ridge face to water when pouring water；Weeds are easily grown before coming up, should manually be weeded out the rank grass in time, to keep seedling
Bed is clean and tidy.
8th step, seedling management：
（1）Watering, fertilizing.After coming up, water and answer timely and appropriate discovery；Early stage notes keeping ground moistening, pours water within general 5-10 days
Once, the water surface should all be less than furrow face when pouring water；Later stage is degree with micro- the doing of table soil, is watered once within general 20-30 days, is carried out with water pipe
Sprinkling is watered；Promote it to grow using foliar fertilizer by when seedling grows 2 true leaves, apply once within general every 10 days, until
It grows into 6-8 piece true leaves；Composite fertilizer can be spread fertilizer over the fields after height of seedling 20cm, every mu of consumption about 8kg is applied once for general 30 days.
（2）Weeding thinning.Based on artificial pulling out, during height of seedling 5-10cm, thinning is carried out in time, keep seedling spacing in the rows to exist
10cm, is once watered after thinning.
（3）The prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control.Seedling stage, can be with 800 times of liquid carbendazim or Bravo in seedling stage based on root rot, damping-off
Prevented when watering；Plant shows as blade wilting when root rot is fallen ill, and root browning is rotted, and 40% root-rot can be used during morbidity
Peaceful 1000 times of liquid is prevented and treated；Plant is wilted when damping-off is fallen ill, and scab occurs in basal part of stem, and be recessed browning, death of finally drying up,
Plant should be pulled out during morbidity, is prevented and treated with 600 times of liquid Bravos.
9th step, goes out garden transplanting.Treat that height of seedling reaches 30cm, you can go out garden transplanting；Play before seedling and fill a saturating water in 3 days, make seedling
Wood suctions moisture, is easy to excavate, and excavating depth should be greater than 20cm during lifting, and to keep root system complete, playing after seedling will be carried out in time
Plant.
The present invention has following beneficial effect：
1st, nursery propagation method of the invention, seedling raise period is short, and planting percent is high, substantially increases breeding efficiency, and material is simply easy
, seedling cost is low, and it is long to solve the tissue cultivating and seedling time, high cost；Cutting propagation is difficult to take root；Prior seed breeds seedling
The low problem of rate, can be widelyd popularize and be applied.
2nd, standardize, standardized ilex pubescens seed seedling-raising reproduction technique, and ilex pubescens can be made to be rapidly completed Wild,
Realize standardization, industrialization plantation.
Specific embodiment
Below by specific embodiment, the invention will be further described：
【Embodiment 1】
A kind of ilex pubescens nursery propagation method, comprises the following steps：
The first step, seed collection.Growth selection is healthy and strong, the strong age maternal plant of no disease and pests harm as seed collecting maternal plant, in mid or late October
To late November, when the berry on maternal plant is complete red by blue-stain, show that seed is ripe, you can be acquired（Pick up from Guangdong
Nan Ling pharmaceutcal corporation, Ltds germplasm garden）.
Second step, washes kind.The berry of the fresh mature that will be collected is squished with plank, then crumples broken berry, is made
Seed is separated with pericarp and pulp, then is soaked with clear water, is stood, and removing floats over the pericarp and flat grain on upper strata, repeated multiple times
Cleaning and dipping, that is, obtain the seed that purity is up to 90%.
3rd step, seed disinfection.The firm seed for washing out is soaked 30-60 minutes with 0.25% liquor potassic permanganate, is carried out
Sterilization；Seed is taken out after sterilization, is rinsed 2-3 times with clear water, the moon dries in the air, keep seed moistening, it is standby.
4th step, sand storage and management.Fine sand is shakeout in advance be placed under the sun to be exposed to the sun 2 days and carry out disinfection or spray 0.5%
Simultaneously overlay film carries out disinfection liquor potassic permanganate for 1 day, and the moistening seed after then disinfecting is with fine sand according to volume ratio 1:10
Ratio mix, add appropriate 0.02% potassium dihydrogen phosphate for preparing, mix, humidity is maintained at 60%, then exist again
Thin film is covered on sand drift；Often to be checked during sand storage, keep humidity 60%.
5th step, seedbed prepares.The loam or sandy loam of fertile soil are selected as nursery, application of organic fertilizers
1000kg/ mus, plough deeply it is thin plough, leveling, ridging does seedbed, and seedbed 1.0m wide, 20cm high, length are advisable with 20m, between seedbed and
The gutter furrow width 40cm of surrounding, uniform draining of being poured water so as to seedling is unobstructed, it is ensured that growth of seedling.
6th step, sowing.Autumn sowing, December to early January, after seed fraction shows money or valuables one carries unintentionally by sowed；Before sowing first
The fine earth of the thickness of bedding one about 2cm, then pours permeable on ready-made seedbed, seedbed is absorbed water abundant；Again by the seed of sand storage
Uniform broadcasting in seedbed, the then fine sand or fine earth of bedding last layer thickness about 0.5cm, then covering one layer of straw above；Then
Clear water is sprayed again, drenches seedbed；Hut is finally taken, overlay film shelters from heat or light.
7th step, managing after sowing.Broadcast rear Ying Qin to check, it is degree that soil moisture is not done with surface soil；Fill within general 5-10 days
Once, the water surface should be less than ridge face to water when pouring water；Weeds are easily grown before coming up, should manually be weeded out the rank grass in time, to keep seedling
Bed is clean and tidy.
8th step, seedling management：
（1）Watering, fertilizing.After coming up, water and answer timely and appropriate discovery；Early stage notes keeping ground moistening, pours water within general 5-10 days
Once, the water surface should all be less than furrow face when pouring water；Later stage is degree with micro- the doing of table soil, is watered once within general 20-30 days, is carried out with water pipe
Sprinkling is watered；Promote it to grow using foliar fertilizer by when seedling grows 2 true leaves, apply once within general every 10 days, until
It grows into 6-8 piece true leaves, and composite fertilizer can be spread fertilizer over the fields after height of seedling 20cm, and every mu of consumption about 8kg is applied once for general 30 days.
（2）Weeding thinning.Based on artificial pulling out, during height of seedling 5-10cm, thinning is carried out in time, keep seedling spacing in the rows to exist
10cm, is once watered after thinning.
（3）The prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control.Seedling stage, can be with 800 times of liquid carbendazim or Bravo in seedling stage based on root rot, damping-off
Prevented when watering；Plant shows as blade wilting when root rot is fallen ill, and root browning is rotted, and 40% root-rot can be used during morbidity
Peaceful 1000 times of liquid is prevented and treated；Plant is wilted when damping-off is fallen ill, and scab occurs in basal part of stem, and be recessed browning, death of finally drying up,
Plant should be pulled out during morbidity, is prevented and treated with 600 times of liquid Bravos.
9th step, goes out garden transplanting.Treat that height of seedling reaches 30cm, you can go out garden transplanting；Play before seedling and fill a saturating water in 3 days, make seedling
Wood suctions moisture, is easy to excavate, and excavating depth should be greater than 20cm during lifting, and to keep root system complete, playing after seedling will be carried out in time
Plant.
Contrast test：
Control A groups, i.e., traditional sand storage lamination method, this control group is essentially identical with the method for embodiment 1, and its difference is the 4th step
Middle sand storage humidity is 20%-30%（Holding is agglomerating, and pine is to dissipate）, and be that sand storage humidity is adjusted with clear water.
Control B groups, i.e. prior seed storage procedures, this control group is essentially identical with the method for embodiment 1, and its difference is not
Using the mature seed of fresh collection in embodiment 1, but the seed of storage 1 year is dried using shady place.
Seed used by three of the above ilex pubescens seed seedling-raising method is collected in Guangdong Nanling Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd.'s germplasm garden,
The ilex pubescens thousand grain weigth of collection between 1.45g-1.56g, according to the pro rate of 1000/square, per ridge during sowing
（1m wide, 20m long）Seed weight used is 30g, records each process time, and 3 sample prescriptions are randomly selected per ridge during seedling（1m×
1m）Statistics planting percent, its result is as shown in table 1：
Table 1：Ilex pubescens seed seedling-raising effect compares
| Project | The sand storage date | Show money or valuables one carries unintentionally/sowing date | Come up the date | Seedling completes the date of being unearthed | Sand storage number of days | Sow to the number of days that comes up | Come up continuous dayses | Total number of days | Planting percent |
| Embodiment 1 | 2016/11/15 | 2016/12/16 | 2016/12/21 | 2017/1/6 | 31 | 5 | 16 | 52 | 55.30% |
| Control A groups | 2016/11/15 | 2016/12/27 | 2017/1/3 | 2017/1/24 | 42 | 7 | 21 | 70 | 31.70% |
| Control B groups | 2016/11/15 | 2017/1/8 | 2017/1/18 | 2017/2/22 | 54 | 10 | 34 | 99 | 24.60% |
Result shows, using nursery propagation method of the invention, percentage of seedgermination is high, and seedling raise period is short, and survival rate is high, from seed
Treatment only needed 52 days, 145 days needed for compared to tissue cultures to completing to be unearthed and conventional method needed for 99 days, during its nursery
Between greatly shorten；Up to 55.30%, compared to conventional method gained 20%-32% planting percents, its efficiency is greatly improved last planting percent
；And the method for the present invention is simply easily grasped, seedling cost is low, can be widelyd popularize and be applied, and ilex pubescens can be made quick
Wild is completed, standardization, industrialization plantation is realized.
The above is only implementation method preferred for this invention, it is noted that do not departing from the technology of the present invention principle
Under the premise of, some improvements and modifications can also be made, these improvements and modifications should be considered as protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (5)
1. a kind of ilex pubescens nursery propagation method, it is characterised in that comprise the following steps：The first step, seed collection；Growth selection
Healthy and strong, the strong age maternal plant of no disease and pests harm, in mid or late October to late November, treats the drupe on maternal plant by green grass or young crops as seed collecting maternal plant
When being changed into complete red, show that seed is ripe, you can be acquired；Second step, washes kind；The drupe of the fresh mature that will be collected is used
Plank is squished, and then crumples broken berry, seed is separated with pericarp and pulp, then is soaked with clear water, is stood, and is removed
The pericarp and flat grain on upper strata are floated over, repeated multiple times cleaning and dipping obtains the seed that purity is up to 90%；3rd step, seed disinfection；
The firm seed for washing out is soaked 30-60 minutes with 0.25% liquor potassic permanganate, is carried out disinfection；Seed is taken out after sterilization, is used
Clear water is rinsed 2-3 times, and the moon dries in the air, standby；4th step, sand storage and management；Fine sand is shakeout in advance be placed under the sun to be exposed to the sun 2 days is carried out
The liquor potassic permanganate and overlay film of sterilization or sprinkling 0.5% carry out disinfection for 1 day, the seed after then disinfecting and fine sand by
According to volume ratio 1:10 ratio is mixed, and is added and is contained potassium solution in right amount, is mixed, and is adjusted to certain humidity, is then covered on sand drift again
Last layer film；Often to be checked during sand storage, it is ensured that humidity；5th step, seedbed prepares；Select the earth of fertile soil
Soil or sandy loam application of organic fertilizers 1000kg/ mus, plough deeply thin cultivated as nursery, and leveling, ridging does seedbed, and seedbed is wide
1.0m, 20cm high, length be advisable with 20m, between seedbed and surrounding gutter furrow width 40cm, pour water uniform row so as to seedling
Water is unobstructed, it is ensured that growth of seedling；6th step, sowing；Autumn sowing, late December to mid-January, after seed fraction shows money or valuables one carries unintentionally by enter
Row sowing；First one layer of fine earth of bedding on ready-made seedbed, then pours permeable before sowing, seedbed is absorbed water abundant；Again by sand storage
Seed uniform broadcasting in seedbed, then bedding last layer fine sand or fine earth, then covering one layer of straw above；Then spray again
Clear water is spilt, seedbed is drenched；Hut is finally taken, overlay film shelters from heat or light；7th step, managing after sowing；Broadcast rear Ying Qin to check, soil moisture
It is degree not done with surface soil；Typically pour water within 5-10 days once, the water surface should be less than furrow face when pouring water；Easily grown before coming up miscellaneous
Grass, should manually weed out the rank grass in time, to keep seedbed clean and tidy；8th step, seedling management：（1）Watering, fertilizing；After coming up,
Water and answer timely and appropriate discovery；Early stage notes keeping ground moistening, pours water once within general 5-10 days, and the water surface should all be less than ridge when pouring water
Face；Later stage is degree with micro- the doing of table soil, is watered once within general 20-30 days, and carrying out sprinkling with water pipe waters；When seedling grows 2 very
It can be promoted to grow using foliar fertilizer during leaf, applied once within general every 10 days, until it grows into 6-8 piece true leaves, height of seedling
Composite fertilizer can be spread fertilizer over the fields after 20cm, every mu of consumption about 8kg is applied once for general 30 days；（2）Weeding thinning；With it is artificial pull out for
It is main, during height of seedling 5-10cm, thinning is carried out in time, keep seedling spacing in the rows once to be watered after 10cm, thinning；（3）Pest and disease damage is prevented
Control；Seedling stage based on root rot, damping-off, can be prevented with 800 times of liquid carbendazim or Bravo when watering in seedling stage；Root-rot
Plant shows as blade wilting during disease morbidity, and root browning rots, can be prevented and treated with the peaceful 1000 times of liquid of 40% root-rot during morbidity；
Plant is wilted when damping-off is fallen ill, and scab occurs in basal part of stem, and be recessed browning, and death of finally drying up should pull out plant during morbidity, use
600 times of liquid Bravos are prevented and treated；9th step, goes out garden transplanting；Treat that height of seedling reaches 30cm, you can go out garden transplanting；Before seedling is played to fill within 3 days
A saturating water, makes nursery stock suction moisture, is easy to excavate, and excavating depth should be greater than 20cm during lifting, to keep root system complete, lifting
After to be transplanted in time.
2. a kind of ilex pubescens nursery propagation method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that sand storage must in the 4th step
Fresh seeds must be used.
3. a kind of ilex pubescens nursery propagation method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that used in the 4th step
0.02% potassium dihydrogen phosphate adjustment sand storage humidity.
4. a kind of ilex pubescens nursery propagation method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that sand storage is wet in the 4th step
Degree need to be adjusted and be maintained at 50%-60%.
5. a kind of ilex pubescens nursery propagation method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that first done in the 6th step
The fine earth of layer overlay thickness about 3cm on good seedbed, after after seed uniform broadcasting, being then covered with the thin of a layer thickness about 0.5cm
Husky or fine earth, the finally thin straw of lid last layer.
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Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN109247096A (en) * | 2018-08-28 | 2019-01-22 | 江西环境工程职业学院 | A method of promoting the long resting seed germination of Ilex |
| CN110249889A (en) * | 2019-07-09 | 2019-09-20 | 宁乡县仁华农业发展有限责任公司 | A kind of artificial method for planting of Chinese yew |
| CN115067140A (en) * | 2022-07-20 | 2022-09-20 | 惠州市林业科学研究所(惠州植物园管理服务中心) | Rapid seedling raising method for ilex latifolia seeds |
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| CN110249889A (en) * | 2019-07-09 | 2019-09-20 | 宁乡县仁华农业发展有限责任公司 | A kind of artificial method for planting of Chinese yew |
| CN115067140A (en) * | 2022-07-20 | 2022-09-20 | 惠州市林业科学研究所(惠州植物园管理服务中心) | Rapid seedling raising method for ilex latifolia seeds |
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