CN104996157A - Wild stellaria yunnanensis cultivating method and food made according to wild stellaria yunnanensis cultivating method - Google Patents
Wild stellaria yunnanensis cultivating method and food made according to wild stellaria yunnanensis cultivating method Download PDFInfo
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Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G2/00—Vegetative propagation
Abstract
The invention discloses a wild stellaria yunnanensis cultivating method and a food prepared according to the wild stellaria yunnanensis cultivating method. The method comprises the following steps: selecting sandy soil in sunny sloping lands under purple sand shale jungles with the altitude of 2,100-2,300 m, the annual mean temperatureof 18-20 DEG C and the average annual rainfall of 900-1,100 mm as a foundation; grooving and fertilizing, building up a shadehouse of which the day temperature is kept to 15-20 DEG C and the night temperature is not lower than 5 DEG C; planting 6-8 wild seeds harvested in the previous year or the current year in each hole according to the line spacing of 13-20 cm and the hole spacing of 10-15 cm; conducting cultivation uproot, fertilizing, and preventing and controlling plant diseases and insect pests; digging out tap roots in a sunny day after seed maturation, completely removing away seedling leaves and soil, cleaning and drying, and gathering roots to serve as medicinal materials. A manual stellaria yunnanensis planting technology is provided. Cultivated stellaria yunnanensis and chicken, beef, mutton, pork or ribs are stewed to prepare a pharmacological food, or a canned food is prepared from cultivated stellaria yunnanensis, and pork or beef. The pharmacological food with the drug function of stellaria yunnanensis is developed by using stellaria yunnanensis and meat.
Description
Technical field
The food that the present invention relates to a kind of wild yunnan starwort root cultivating method and make of it.
Background technology
Yunnan starwort root, another name wheat ginseng, carpet bugle " Yunnan Chinese herbal medicine ", large chickweed " choosing of Yunnan Chinese herbal medicine ", little fat medicine etc.Record according to Mr.'s Lan Mao " the southern regions of the Yunnan Province book on Chinese herbal medicine ": " yunnan starwort root, taste is sweet, slightly warm in nature.Mend liver,spleen,kidney.Take good care of spirit, take a tonic or nourishing food to build up one's health kidney liver, Conception Vessel and Governor Vessel loses, and married woman collapses key medicine." yunnan starwort root vegetable is applicable to the crowd of each age level, particularly the elderly.The yunnan starwort root root in summer is very fresh and tender, and can make delicious vegetable, autumn adopts root and does medicine, best results.Yunnan starwort root stewed chicken meat, stewed pork, stewed beef, mutton ginseng and astragali casserole, matelote, stewed Pig spareribs and stewed beefsteak bone are the herbal cuisine liked by the common people.Yunnan starwort root is perennial root draft, is born between the jungle of height above sea level 1800-3250m and border rock, hillside, roadside or limes marginis meadow; Yunnan starwort root is cold-resistant, low light tolerance, strong adaptability.Winter, yunnan starwort root acrial part was withered, rhizome dormancy under soil protection.At present not yet by the record of artificial introduction and cultivation method.
Summary of the invention
The object of this invention is to provide a kind of cultivation method of yunnan starwort root and the food of making thereof, to solve the artificial cultivation of yunnan starwort root, meet medicinal material market demand; Develop yunnan starwort root food simultaneously, food new varieties are provided.
One, the cultivation method of yunnan starwort root, comprises soil selection, site preparation and fertilization, planting patterns and management method; Concrete measure is as follows:
(1) planting site selects the husky shale sylvan life of the purple of height above sea level 2100-2300 rice to face south hillside fields, average annual temperature 18-20 DEG C, and the sand of average annual rainfall 900-1100 millimeter does wild yunnan starwort root planting base;
(2) do moisture in the soil and fertilising: during whole ground, every mu adds ash or 20 kilograms, potash fertilizer with well-rotted farmyard manure 1000 kilograms and to mix with soil and be used as base manure all afterwards wholely, do the deep ploughing of the 30-35cm degree of depth, base manure is ploughed under in soil uniformly, and with the wide 1-1.2 rice of moisture in the soil, moisture in the soil personal attendant plot length and determine, moisture in the soil height 15-20 centimetre, the wide 20-25 of dead furrow centimetre, dark 10-15 centimetre wholely.
(3) set up overall cool canopy, build plastic tunnel, canopy insied width 3m ± 0.5m ranks stake and is planted in the middle of moisture in the soil face, and plant a row every a moisture in the soil, vault built by top brandreth, interior outage 150-160cm, and plastic film is laid at top, and has stayed work road.
(4) propagation method: with seminal propagation; The fresh seeds that wild seed must be the previous year or receive then, one is seeding and seedling raising in spring, field planting in autumn then, and two is seeding and seedling raisings in the fall, Second Year field planting in spring; The seeding quantity 4-5 kilogram in every mu of seedbed, the rice shoot of incubation supplies the cultivation on 9-10 mu of ground; Growing period, canopy temperature keeps 15-20 DEG C daytime, is not less than 5 DEG C night.
(5) planting type: the wide 2-3 rice of moisture in the soil, cut by fibrous root end before field planting, neat bulb manages into wisp; High moisture in the soil cave plants, line-spacing 13-20cm, cave distance 10-15cm, the 6-8 strain of every cave; When planting, be advisable not bury leaf sheath, steady and sure after planting, water in time.
(6) after field management: a, field planting in autumn, rich water quality management should be strengthened, the requirement meeting growth and tiller, intertill and clean tillage is carried out in conjunction with topdressing, notice that draining is drained flooded fields rainy season, after rainy season, loosen the soil 2-3 time in conjunction with weeding, topdress 1-2 time, topdress with the people and animals' liquid dung diluted, phosphate fertilizer and other farmyard manure; Impose people and animals' liquid dung generally to carry out at initial bloom stage, mu is executed and is no less than 3000 kilograms; Full-bloom stage combines and loosens the soil, and mu executes superphosphate 30-35 kilogram; B, before severe cold arrives, to set up defences frigid zone at booth periphery, the height in anti-frigid zone be canopy high 1/3, and select other evening or cloudy, use well-rotted farmyard manure 2000-3000 kilogram for every mu and add ash or 30 kilograms, potash fertilizer; C, enter the harvesting age after, must be noted that to cultivate the growth of underground rhizome, accumulate more nutrient, training method: weak stay strong, by weak transplantation of seedlings to new moisture in the soil; D, in conjunction with cold-proof, survive the winter measure time mu manuring, (to be rural area mix with the soil of the 15-20% of pig, ox, horse, sheep excrement and various grass and afore-mentioned materials weight described farmyard manure farmyard manure 300 kilograms, watering, make water content about 30%, heap seals the fertilizer after fermentation), add a cover the pine tag covering of 2-3 centimetre, treat to emerge spring next year before within 10-15 days, remove; E, annual early spring soil thaw, before sprouting sprouts, select the morning and evening of fine day, soil is evenly sprinkling upon on moisture in the soil face, soil will be got ready in the first year, is deposited in area without shade and shines warm, can train sand soil to improve soil if moisture in the soil face is heavy soil, simultaneously in conjunction with weeding hoe, the soil sprinkled is mixed with original soil;
(7) disease control
Gray mold: a every mu use 10% procymidone fumicants 260 grams-300 grams, dispersion is lighted, and closes canopy room, a stifling night; B 40% diformazan pyrimidine colloidal suspension agent, 1200 times of liquid, or 65% sulphur bacterium. mould prestige wetting powder 1000 times of liquid, or 50% iprodione wettable powder 1000-1600 times of liquid spraying, seven days 1 time, connect and spray secondary; Root rot: with 5% tpn dust agent, every mu of medication 1 kilogram, spray in 7 days is once; Their early stage 60% first frost copper wetting powder, 600 times of liquid, or 72% Propamocarb aqua, 800 times of liquid or 60% dimethomorph wetting powder, 2000 times of liquid, or 72% white urea. mancozeb wettable powder, or 60% amber. fosetyl aluminium wetting powder 600 times of liquid irrigating roots or spraying, spray in 10 days once, intersects 2-3 time; Rust: their early stage, with 16% trazodone wettable powder, 1600 times of liquid, every spray in 10 days once, connects and sprays secondary;
(8) pest control
Yunnan starwort root ground maggot and thrips control: before field planting, or before insect pest generation, with sugar-vinegar liquid namely with edible brown sugar: red vinegar: water is that 2:1:5 prepares sugar-vinegar liquid trapping adult;
(9) gather: select fine day to be dug out one by one by taproot when autumn, branches and leaves started withered, remove Miao Ye, earth, clean and dry, adopting root is medicine.
During whole moisture in the soil by line-spacing 13-20 centimetre, that the dimensional requirement of spacing in the rows 5-10 centimetre arranges moisture in the soil is wide, forms the form of planting that line-spacing is wide, spacing in the rows is close.
The blanching culture of yunnan starwort root: in the winter time, utilize self nutrient of yunnan starwort root fleshy root, seedling bed temperature should keep 15-18 DEG C under the dark or low light condition of cool canopy, when seedling bed temperature wants ventilation more than during 20-25 DEG C, yunnan starwort root is grown and forms bud pearl; Namely root grow to late October-early November time, carefully by stock turn up, do not hinder root, earth is shaken off, diameter about 10 centimetres is bundled into lightly a branch of with straw, temporary parallel is heeled in the shallow ridges excavated in field, and the soil of surrounding training thickness 3-5 centimetre, in order to cultivation.
Spray insecticide the mode of control larva: a, select 50% phoxim emulsifiable concentrate, 1000 times of liquid or 48% Le Siben missible oil, 500 times of liquid or 1.1% matrine pulvis, 500 times of liquid irrigating roots, monthly; B, 10% cyromazine aqueous suspension agent mu spray medicine with high-pressure sprayer along ridge with 75 grams-90 grams, the ground maggot of control yunnan starwort root; C, control adult: contain the phase of sending out in adult, when 9-11 in the morning during emergence peak of adult, 2.5% chlorophos pulvis is spread fertilizer over the fields along ridge, every mu is spread fertilizer over the fields 2-2.6 kilogram, or with 40% phoxim emulsifiable concentrate 800-1000 times liquid foliar spray, or 2.5% decis 2000 liquid foliar spray, occur to concentrate to adult in autumn, when endangering serious, answer keypoint control.
Wild yunnan starwort root can be become artificial planting in the manner described above, as long as choose the plot of applicable condition on request, just can expand the plantation amount of yunnan starwort root, thus increase stock number, solve yunnan starwort root, deficient problem, for the medicinal and edible yunnan starwort root raw material providing abundance, also solve the Income of peasant in eligible region.
Two, the food of yunnan starwort root making
(1) with yunnan starwort root for main making herbal cuisine:
A yunnan starwort root stewing native chicken: first yunnan starwort root clear water complete for coring is bubbled open, again native chicken is slaughtered clean boiling hot water of dehematizing, enter marmite or saucepan to add cold water and burn and roll, add ginger splices cooking wine and remove raw meat, water adds yunnan starwort root after opening, concrete mode be the native chicken 1.5-3 kilogram killed add yunnan starwort root 60-80 gram, 20-25 gram date, 10-15 gram matrimony vine, little fire slowly stew 2 hours; Appropriate salt and monosodium glutamate is sprinkled into when taking the dish out of the pot;
B yunnan starwort root fricassee: yunnan starwort root 30-60 gram, meat 500 grams, green onion 10-15 gram, ginger 15-20 gram, Chinese prickly ash 5-10 gram, aniseed 5-10 section, cooking wine 5-10 gram, described meat is the lean meat of pig, ox, sheep or fish; First yunnan starwort root is ground medicine end, then lean meat is clean, section, upper pot stir-fry is to whole variable color; Put into medicine end to mix thoroughly, add green onion joint, ginger splices, Chinese prickly ash, aniseed, water cooking wine, injected clear water, rotten pull green onion joint, ginger splices, Chinese prickly ash, aniseed out with coddle to meat is ripe, add refined salt, monosodium glutamate mixes up;
C yunnan starwort root stewes chop: yunnan starwort root 60-120 gram, fresh chop 1000 grams, green onion 10-15 gram, ginger 15-20 gram, Chinese prickly ash 5-10 gram, capsicum 10-15 gram, matrimony vine 10-15 gram, date 20-25 gram, aniseed 5-10 gram, cooking wine 5-10 gram, described chop is pig, ox, Mutton chops; First yunnan starwort root clear water is bubbled open or ground into powder, fresh chop is cleaned, and enters marmite or saucepan and adds cold water and burn and roll, add ginger splices cooking wine and remove raw meat; Water adds yunnan starwort root and date after opening, and little fire is stewed 2 hours slowly; Take the dish out of the pot and be sprinkled into appropriate salt, monosodium glutamate mixes up.
More than be the method that raw material makes herbal cuisine with yunnan starwort root and chicken, beef or mutton or chop or the flesh of fish.
(2) with yunnan starwort root for main making can: adopting yunnan starwort root, Xuanwei coal pork to be raw material is main processed can, and manufacture craft is as follows:
1, material storage: the raw material got ready is for subsequent use stored in the freezer of subzero less than 18 degrees Celsius;
2, stripping and slicing: freezing pork or beef, first uses meat block slicing machine slitting, then is cut into the fritter of 3-5 centimeter square successively;
3, thaw: meat spreads on the table, in temperature not higher than under the environment of 10 degrees Celsius, place 10-12 hour, carry out nature and thaw, with hand pressing cube meat, deliquescing is for subsequent use;
4, cleaning arranges: the cube meat thawed, by clean water twice, be poured on pigeonholes, picks the impurity removed on meat for subsequent use;
5, pickle: at weighing area, preparation salt-mixture, configuration proportion is: salt 98%, sugar 1.5%, natrium nitrosum 0.5% mixes, according to the ratio of every 1 kilogram of meat 25 grams of compounds, compound is sprinkling upon on meat, stirs uniformly, the cube meat handled well is put into butcher's meat tank and is pickled 12 to 24 hours;
6, precook: before precooking, prepare one by aniseed, Chinese prickly ash, cassia bark, onion, the material bag that fresh ginger-chip etc. install with gauze bag, burns more than 50 degrees Celsius the water in blanching bath afterwards, add preprepared material bag, after ten minutes, smell material and wrap the fragrance given out, now, pour the beef or pork pickled into, constantly stir with bamboo strainer, boil to boiling, when boiling 3-5 minute after, meat have eight points ripe time, cut cube meat, observe the inside there is no the trace of blood, meat is pulled out weigh for subsequent use; Clean yunnan starwort root blanching bath is boiled simultaneously and pull out, put workbench and cool, carry out weighing for subsequent use;
7, slack tank sterilization: boiling hot tank machine, add water and be warming up to more than 80 DEG C, the slack tank got ready is put in boiling hot tank machine, automatic spray is sterilized, and be up to the standards use;
8, tinning:
Adopt hand caging, the weighing scale held by tin can, load the yunnan starwort root of the slaking of total amount 58-61%, load the cube meat of 42-39% amount.
Namely making yunnan starwort root canned pack according to above-mentioned steps, come into the market to preserve 6 months, is a kind of yunnan starwort root food of instant edible.
Embodiment
The cultivation method of yunnan starwort root, comprises soil selection, site preparation and fertilization, planting patterns and management method; Concrete steps are as follows:
(1) wild yunnan starwort root is born between the hillside of height above sea level 1800-3200 rice, jungle, border rock, belongs to herbaceos perennial.Now select the husky shale sylvan life of the purple of height above sea level 2100-2300 rice, hillside fields on the sunny side, average annual temperature 18-20 DEG C, average annual rainfall 900-1100 millimeter, the temp. and humidity of soil is comparatively applicable to the cultivation of wild yunnan starwort root.
(2) do moisture in the soil and fertilising: after yunnan starwort root is planted for 1 time wholely, no longer turn in 2 years, and in the winter time can blanching culture, blanching culture in winter mode be utilize self nutrient of yunnan starwort root fleshy root, under dark or low light condition, bed temperature keeps 15-18 DEG C, when bed temperature wants ventilation more than during 20-25 DEG C, yunnan starwort root is grown and forms bud pearl, provide seedling for expansion in spring next year is numerous.Namely stock grow to late October-early November time, carefully by stock turn up, do not hinder root, earth is shaken off, diameter about 10 centimetres is bundled into lightly a branch of with straw, temporary parallel is heeled in the shallow ridges excavated in field, and surrounding ridging thickness 3-5 centimetre, in order to cultivation.Therefore, using sufficient base manure: every mu with well-rotted farmyard manure 1000 kilograms add ash or 20 kilograms, potash fertilizer and soil mix be used as base manure all afterwards basis on, once deep plough, the degree of depth of deep ploughing generally should within the scope of 30-35cm, and so that line-spacing is wide, spacing in the rows is close, namely line-spacing 13-20 centimetre, the requirement design moisture in the soil of spacing in the rows 5-10 centimetre is wide, so the wide 1-1.2 of the getting rice of moisture in the soil, personal attendant plot length and determine, moisture in the soil height 15-20 centimetre, the wide 20-25 of dead furrow centimetre, deeply 10-15 centimetre wholely.
(3) set up overall cool canopy, build plastic tunnel, select 6 cm × 200, cm × 8 cm customization reinforcing bars; Build the seniority among brothers and sisters 3m of the concrete stake of cool canopy, pilespacing 2m, imbed degree of depth 40-50cm in soil, plant stake in field, seniority among brothers and sisters stake should be planted in the middle of moisture in the soil face, plants a row every a moisture in the soil, top brandreth is built vault, is convenient to film laying and fixes, interior outage 150-160cm; Covered with plastic film, and stayed work road.
(4) propagation method: with seminal propagation; The fresh seeds that seed must be the previous year or receive then, one is seeding and seedling raising in spring, field planting in autumn then, and two is seeding and seedling raisings in the fall, Second Year field planting in spring; The seeding quantity 4-5 kilogram in every mu of seedbed, the rice shoot of incubation supplies the cultivation on 9-10 mu of ground; Growing period, canopy temperature keeps 15-20 DEG C daytime, night 5-7 DEG C.
(5) planting type: the wide 2-3 rice of moisture in the soil, establishes the anti-frigid zone of 1 meter wide in its north side, cut by fibrous root end before field planting, neat bulb is processed into wisp; High moisture in the soil cave plants, line-spacing 13-20cm, and cave is apart from 10-15cm, and the 6-8 strain of every cave is advisable.When planting, be advisable not bury leaf sheath, steady and sure after planting, water normal root water in time.
(6) field management:
After a, field planting in autumn, the growth of leaf is rapid, and tillering ability is also comparatively strong, now should strengthen rich water quality management, the requirement meeting growth and tiller; Carrying out intertill and clean tillage in conjunction with topdressing, noticing that draining is drained flooded fields, after rainy season rainy season, loosen the soil 2-3 time in conjunction with weeding, topdress 1-2 time, topdress the people and animals' liquid dung, phosphate fertilizer and the farmyard manure that dilute as well, impose people and animals' liquid dung generally to carry out at initial bloom stage, mu executes 250-300 kilogram; Full-bloom stage combines and loosens the soil, and mu executes superphosphate 30-35 kilogram.
B, before severe cold, to set up defences frigid zone at booth periphery, the height in anti-frigid zone start at from ground be canopy high 1/3, form with straw mat bedding, now and execute once heavy fertile, namely select other evening or cloudy, use well-rotted farmyard manure 2000-3000 kilogram for every mu and add ash or 30 kilograms, potash fertilizer, with growth promoting effects.In conjunction with cold-proof, survive the winter measure time mu manuring, farmyard manure 300 kilograms, add a cover the pine tag covering of 2-3 centimetre, treat to emerge spring next year before within 10-15 days, remove.
C, enter harvesting the age after, between must be noted that weak stay strong, by weak transplantation of seedlings to new moisture in the soil face continued growth; For promoting the growth of the underground rhizome in strong sprout, accumulate more nutrient;
The meristematic tissue and the young shoot that injure leaf sheath is avoided, the output that impact is next when d, harvesting.And through growth for many years, tiller, jump root after (described jumping root: tame yunnan starwort root survives rear needs and uses continuously for many years, often receive one batch, root will grow a little mush, root just to the 0.5-1 centimetre that arches up out, the root of yunnan starwort root is jumped near the ground too early, belong to the normal physiological phenomenon of one of yunnan starwort root, this phenomenon is commonly called as " jumping root ".), plant is crowded mutually, tillers tiny, production declining, now will remove old root, Lao Ye in time, carries out earthing up, applying fertilizer, impels restoration ecosystem.
E, ridging be yunnan starwort root management in an important process, and ridging is relevant with jumping root, ridging maintains yunnan starwort root stable high yield, life-extending and prevent important measures lodging, jump the foundation that root height is ridging thickness, thickness of namely earthing up is wanted jumping root to be buried 1-2 centimetre.Annual early spring soil thaw, before sprouting sprouts, select the morning and evening of fine day, soil is evenly sprinkling upon moisture in the soil face, soil will be ready in the first year, being deposited in shine warm on the sunny side, if moisture in the soil face is heavy soil, can to train sand native to improve soil, mixes in conjunction with weeding hoe with original soil simultaneously.The number of times of harvesting is more, and the distance of jumping root is larger.Thus the year number of yunnan starwort root growth is more, and new root major part is all distributed in the top layer of soil, will earth up every year in good time.
(7) damage by disease and insect worm control:
Gray mold: a, every mu of use 10% procymidone fumicants 260 grams-300 grams, dispersion is lighted, and closes canopy room, a stifling night; B, with 40% diformazan pyrimidine colloidal suspension agent, 1200 times of liquid, or 65% sulphur bacterium. mould prestige wetting powder 1000 times of liquid, or 50% iprodione wettable powder 1000-1600 times of liquid spraying, seven days 1 time, connect and spray secondary.
Root rot: with 5% tpn dust agent, every mu of medication 1 kilogram, spray in 7 days is once; Their early stage 60% first frost copper wetting powder, 600 times of liquid, or 72% Propamocarb aqua, 800 times of liquid or 60% dimethomorph wetting powder, 2000 times of liquid, or 72% white urea. mancozeb wettable powder, or 60% amber. fosetyl aluminium wetting powder 600 times of liquid irrigating roots or spraying, within 10 days, spray (filling) once, cross-reference 2-3 time.
Rust: their early stage, with 16% trazodone wettable powder, 1600 times of liquid, every spray in 10 days once, connects and sprays secondary.
Yunnan starwort root ground maggot and thrips: these insect pests be prevented and treated, before field planting, or before insect pest generation, with sugar-vinegar liquid namely with edible brown sugar: red vinegar: water is that 2:1:5 oneself prepares sugar-vinegar liquid trapping adult, also can prevent and treat with pesticide spraying, but should avoid using hypertoxic persistent pesticide.
Control ground maggot larva: select 50% phoxim emulsifiable concentrate, 1000 times of liquid or 48% Le Siben missible oil, 500 times of liquid or 1.1% matrine pulvis, 500 times of liquid irrigating roots, monthly.10% cyromazine aqueous suspension agent mu sprays medicine with high-pressure sprayer along ridge with 75 grams-90 grams, remarkable to yunnan starwort root ground maggot control efficiency;
Control ground maggot adult: contain the phase of sending out in adult, 2.5% chlorophos pulvis is spread fertilizer over the fields along ridge, every mu is spread fertilizer over the fields 2-2.6 kilogram or with 40% phoxim emulsifiable concentrate 800-1000 times liquid or 2.5% decis 2000 liquid foliar spray, when being the emergence peak of adult during 9-11 in the morning, spraying better, occur to concentrate to adult in autumn, when endangering serious, answer keypoint control.
(8) gather: the root that yunnan starwort root is adopted summer is very fresh and tender, the vegetable made is delicious; Select fine day to be dug out one by one by taproot when autumn, branches and leaves started withered, remove Miao Ye, earth, shine dry cleaning, it is best to adopt root drug effect autumn.
(9) processing: the product of yunnan starwort root whole strain harvesting, select fine day to carry out clean seedling leaf, earth, enter drying chamber drying process, packaging, being housed in ventilation, dry shady and cool storehouse, for being used as medicine.
Two, the food of yunnan starwort root making
(1) with yunnan starwort root for main making herbal cuisine:
A yunnan starwort root stewing native chicken: first bubbled open by yunnan starwort root clear water complete for coring, then slaughtered by native chicken and clean scald water of dehematizing, enters marmite or saucepan and adds cold water and burn and roll, add ginger splices cooking wine and remove raw meat; Water adds yunnan starwort root after opening, the native chicken 1.5-3 kilogram killed, add yunnan starwort root 60-80 gram, 20-25 gram date, 10-15 gram matrimony vine, little fire slowly stew 2 hours; Salt and edible is sprinkled into according to respective taste when taking the dish out of the pot;
B yunnan starwort root stewes (pig, ox, sheep, fish) meat: yunnan starwort root 30-60 gram, pig (ox, sheep, fish) lean meat 500 grams, green onion 10-15 gram, ginger 15-20 gram, Chinese prickly ash 5-10 gram, aniseed 5-10 section, cooking wine 5-10 gram.First yunnan starwort root is ground into powder, pig (ox, sheep, fish) lean meat is cleaned, section, upper pot stir-fry is to whole variable color, put into medicine end to mix thoroughly, add green onion joint, ginger splices, Chinese prickly ash, aniseed, water cooking wine, injected clear water, with coddle it, rottenly pull green onion joint, ginger splices, Chinese prickly ash, aniseed out to meat is ripe, add refined salt, monosodium glutamate mixes up.
C yunnan starwort root stewes pig (ox, support) chop: yunnan starwort root 60-120 gram, pig (ox, sheep) fresh chop 1000 grams, green onion 10-15 gram, ginger 15-20 gram, Chinese prickly ash 5-10 gram, capsicum 10-15 gram, matrimony vine 10-15 gram, date 20-25 gram, aniseed 5-10 gram, cooking wine 5-10 gram.First yunnan starwort root clear water is bubbled open or ground into powder, pig (ox, sheep) fresh chop is cleaned, and enters marmite or saucepan and adds cold water and burn and roll, add ginger splices cooking wine and remove raw meat; Water adds yunnan starwort root and date after opening, and little fire is stewed 2 hours slowly.Take the dish out of the pot and be sprinkled into salt, monosodium glutamate mixes up in right amount.
(2) with yunnan starwort root for main making can: raw material → pre-treatment → processing → inspection → packaging (tank) → market sale.
The raw materials such as the distinctive yunnan starwort root in Yunnan, Xuanwei coal pork are adopted to be main, processed can, the distinctive fragrance of the existing yunnan starwort root of gained finished product, has again the meat of Xuanwei coal pork fragrant, provides new thinking for the deep processing of Xuanwei ham can increases series of products.
1, raw material is selected: the quality of raw material directly can have influence on the quality of product, so the selection of raw material is very important, when each raw material is marched into the arena, with the meat of animal product quarantine verification of conformity, and just can stored in freezer.Temperature in freezer will remain on subzero less than 18 degrees Celsius, and staff will observe at any time, start cooling.
2, stripping and slicing: after material storage and sterilization preparation terminate, just can start to produce.When each production, workman according to the kind of canned meat, can transfer raw material at any time in freezer.What raw material transported to that the workshop first step will do is exactly stripping and slicing, freezing pork or beef, first uses meat block slicing machine slitting, then is cut into the fritter of 3-5 centimeter square successively.Note, in order to prevent the taint of odour youngster between meat, beef and the special meat block slicing machine of pork cut, and can not use meat block slicing machine on the same stage with.
After cube meat cuts, first load charging tray, in order to avoid waste, also will residual meat remaining on operating desk be collected in basin, also will clear up in time ground meat slag.
Each machine all will clean after using in time.
3, thaw: raw material thaws, exactly the cube meat cut in charging tray, spread on the table, in central temperature not higher than under the environment of 10 degrees Celsius, place 10-12 hour, carry out nature to thaw, after thawing, cube meat can be pressed with hand, the whether deliquescing of inspection meat, until after meat thaws completely, operation below just can be carried out.
4, cleaning arranges: the cube meat thawed, find in basin, after putting into charging tray, add clear water and clean, cleaning twice, and the meat after clean will be poured on pigeonholes, picks out the impurity on meat, with the operation after facilitating.Discarded object tray poured into by waste residue after cleaning, does waste treatment.
5, pickle: cube meat has been put in order, what will do below is exactly pickle.Before pickling, first will at weighing area, preparation salt-mixture, configuration proportion is: salt 98%, sugar 1.5%, natrium nitrosum 0.5%.
Salt-mixture has prepared, and starts to pickle, first the meat cleaned up, be placed on operating desk, then according to the ratio of every 1 kilogram of meat 25 grams of salt-mixtures, salt-mixture is sprinkling upon on meat, stirs uniformly, after being stirred, put into butcher's meat tank, the object of pickling is that salting period is generally 12 to 24 hours in order to play seasoning and protect the effect of look, after pickling, the color of meat can deepen.
6, precook: before precooking, we first will arrive weighing area, prepare a material bag, so-called material bag is exactly aniseed, Chinese prickly ash, cassia bark, onion, the gauze bag such as fresh ginger-chip installs, when then the water in blanching bath being burnt more than 50-60 degree Celsius, add preprepared material bag, after about ten minutes, material can be smelt and wrap the fragrance given out, now, the beef pickled can be poured into, constantly stir with bamboo strainer, boil to boiling, when after boiling 3-5 minute, meat nearly eight points ripe time, cube meat viewing color can be cut, as there is no the obvious trace of blood inside fruit pulp, just meat can be pulled out, weigh.Clean yunnan starwort root blanching bath is boiled simultaneously and pull out, put workbench and cool, weigh.
7, slack tank sterilization: the process of tank is namely scalded in slack tank sterilization, and method is exactly boiling hot tank machine, adds water and is warming up to more than 80 DEG C, slack tank is put in boiling hot tank machine, carries out automatic spray sterilization.After slack tank sterilization, workman will test to tank body, selects qualified slack tank.
8, tinning:
What yunnan starwort root canned ham adopted is hand caging, method is: first in slack tank, load appropriate cube meat, weigh, for the yunnan starwort root canned ham of 425 grams, the weight of general ham is qualified within the scope of 160 grams-165 grams, then on the upper strata of ham, load the yunnan starwort root cooled of precooking, in order to ensure the grams requirement of product, again weigh, the scope of weighing now should at 240 grams-245 grams.
Namely yunnan starwort root canned pork or canned beef is made in the manner described above.
After filling, also to carry out inspection of weighing, for the can of 425 grams, after tinning can weight more than or be less than 425 grams, all will carry out reinforced or material reducing adjustment to it, the standard of error is 1 gram.
For ensureing the quality requirement of product, inspection of weighing needs to carry out twice, just can enter sealing process.
9, seal:
Before sealing work formally starts, generally all will test at the several sample of sealing part, whether inspection sealing machine running status is good.Destructive detection is referred to as in industry.After destructive detection is qualified, just can start formal sealing work, check three rates every sampling observation in two hours once, two tanks will be inspected by random samples at every turn.
10, cleaning of evaporator: the can after sealing, put can washing machine one by one, can washing machine comprehensively can clean the greasy dirt etc. of tank surface, after cleaning, can piling up in sterilization cage successively.
11, sterilization cooling: can good for cage ISN is advanced retort, after tightening sterilization pot cover, sets corresponding sterilization temperature according to the different speciality of often kind of can.After reaching corresponding sterilizing time, when equitemperature to be cooled to 40 degrees centigrade, just can open draining valve, put the cooling water in clean pot, open pot cover, pull-out sterilization cage, takes out can.
12, wipe tank: the can after sterilization needs by can drier, work such as completing a series of flushing, dry, dry, along chain, arrive the heat room having special messenger to be responsible for.
13, inspection is played in insulation: heat room is the quality in order to ensure can, carry out short-term stock specially and be incubated the place playing inspection, the temperature of heat room is generally 38 degrees Celsius, enter the can of heat room, just sampling inspection can be done at second day, the method of inspection is: extract two tanks often criticizing in can, test to control laboratory.
The content of inspection comprises the inspection of sodium chloride content, the inspection of vacuum, and the net weight of can, the tight ness rating of meat, the inspection of smell and mouthfeel.
(1) sodium chloride index content detection, the content of sodium chloride should be 1.0-2.5 %
(2) organoleptic detection, the color of cube meat should present bright-coloured pink, yunnan starwort root is light golden yellow.
(3) the detection flavour of mouthfeel and smell free from extraneous odour.
(4) tissue morphology observes cube meat, and meat tissue tight is delicate, has good elastic sensation; Surfacing, without unfilled corner, not sticky tank; Tangent plane has obvious coarse groove to press from both sides flower; Allow spilehole.
(5) detection of vacuum.Can is put on horizontal plane, inserts in can rapidly with the needle point of vacuum meter, if the numerical value at this moment on vacuum meter is comparatively suitable at 0.02 atm higher.
Only have professional, after qualified by the examination and test of products of instrument to sampling observation, inspector just can provide product inspection report, completes the scientific verification to product.
Can after sampling inspection, seven days are placed at heat room, in the 3rd day, staff can with special gavel to can knocking one by one, listen to the sound of knocking, observe the surface of tank body, be used for checking the low vacuum of can and the situation of swell, as pinpointed the problems, underproof can be rejected in time.
Proterties in order to ensure can is stablized, and in the 7th day, need again to carry out insulation and play inspection, the method for inspection is identical with the 3rd day.
14, packaging warehouse-in: the can placing seven days at heat room, have passed through insulation and plays inspection, after determining that proterties is stable, just can carry out having cased.
Claims (6)
1. wild yunnan starwort root cultivating method, is characterized in that taking following measure:
(1) planting site selects the husky shale sylvan life of the purple of height above sea level 2100-2300 rice to face south hillside fields, average annual temperature 18-20 DEG C, and the sand of average annual rainfall 900-1100 millimeter does wild yunnan starwort root planting base;
(2) do moisture in the soil and fertilising: during whole ground, every mu adds ash or 20 kilograms, potash fertilizer with well-rotted farmyard manure 1000 kilograms and to mix with soil and be used as base manure all afterwards wholely, do the deep ploughing of the 30-35cm degree of depth, base manure is ploughed under in soil uniformly, and with the wide 1-1.2 rice of moisture in the soil, moisture in the soil personal attendant plot length and determine, moisture in the soil height 15-20 centimetre, the wide 20-25 of dead furrow centimetre, dark 10-15 centimetre wholely;
(3) set up overall cool canopy, build plastic tunnel, canopy insied width 3m ± 0.5m ranks stake and is planted in the middle of moisture in the soil face, and plant a row every a moisture in the soil, vault built by top brandreth, interior outage 150-160cm, and plastic film is laid at top, and has stayed work road;
(4) propagation method: with seminal propagation; The seed that wild seed must be the previous year or receive then, one is seeding and seedling raising in spring, field planting in autumn then, and two is seeding and seedling raisings in the fall, Second Year field planting in spring; The seeding quantity 4-5 kilogram in every mu of seedbed, the rice shoot of incubation supplies the cultivation on 9-10 mu of ground; Growing period, canopy temperature keeps 15-20 DEG C daytime, is not less than 5 DEG C night;
(5) planting type: the wide 2-3 rice of moisture in the soil, cut by fibrous root end before field planting, neat bulb manages into wisp; High moisture in the soil cave plants, line-spacing 13-20cm, cave distance 10-15cm, the 6-8 strain of every cave; When planting, be advisable not bury leaf sheath, steady and sure after planting, water in time;
(6) field management:
a,after field planting in autumn, rich water quality management should be strengthened, the requirement meeting growth and tiller, carrying out intertill and clean tillage in conjunction with topdressing, noticing that draining is drained flooded fields, after rainy season rainy season, loosen the soil 2-3 time in conjunction with weeding, topdress 1-2 time, topdress with the people and animals' liquid dung diluted, phosphate fertilizer and other farmyard manure; Impose people and animals' liquid dung generally to carry out at initial bloom stage, mu is executed and is no less than 3000 kilograms; Full-bloom stage combines and loosens the soil, and mu executes superphosphate 30-35 kilogram;
b,before severe cold arrives, to set up defences frigid zone at booth periphery, the height in anti-frigid zone start at from ground be canopy high 1/3, and select other evening or cloudy, use well-rotted farmyard manure 2000-3000 kilogram for every mu and add ash or 30 kilograms, potash fertilizer;
c,after entering the harvesting age, must be noted that to cultivate the growth of underground rhizome, accumulate more nutrient, training method: weak stay strong, by weak transplantation of seedlings to new moisture in the soil;
d,in conjunction with cold-proof, survive the winter measure time mu manuring, farmyard manure 300 kilograms, add a cover the pine tag covering of 2-3 centimetre, treat to emerge spring next year before within 10-15 days, remove;
e,soil thawed, before sprouting sprouts, selected the morning and evening of fine day, soil is evenly sprinkling upon on moisture in the soil face annual early spring, soil will be got ready in the first year, is deposited in area without shade and shines warm, can train sand soil to improve soil if moisture in the soil face is heavy soil, simultaneously in conjunction with weeding hoe, the soil sprinkled is mixed with original soil;
(7) disease control
Gray mold: a every mu use 10% procymidone fumicants 260 grams-300 grams, dispersion is lighted, and closes canopy room, a stifling night; B 40% diformazan pyrimidine colloidal suspension agent, 1200 times of liquid, or 65% sulphur bacterium. mould prestige wetting powder 1000 times of liquid, or 50% iprodione wettable powder 1000-1600 times of liquid spraying, seven days 1 time, connect and spray secondary;
Root rot
:with 5% tpn dust agent, every mu of medication 1 kilogram, spray in 7 days is once; Their early stage 60% first frost copper wetting powder, 600 times of liquid, or 72% Propamocarb aqua, 800 times of liquid or 60% dimethomorph wetting powder, 2000 times of liquid, or 72% white urea. mancozeb wettable powder, or 60% amber. fosetyl aluminium wetting powder 600 times of liquid irrigating roots or spraying, spray in 10 days once, intersects 2-3 time;
Rust: their early stage, with 16% trazodone wettable powder, 1600 times of liquid, every spray in 10 days once, connects and sprays secondary;
(8) pest control
Yunnan starwort root ground maggot and thrips control: before field planting, or before insect pest generation, with sugar-vinegar liquid namely with edible brown sugar: red vinegar: water is that 2:1:5 prepares sugar-vinegar liquid trapping adult; Or spray insecticide pesticide control;
(9) gather: select fine day to be dug out one by one by taproot when autumn, branches and leaves started withered, remove Miao Ye, earth, clean and dry, adopting root is medicine.
2. wild yunnan starwort root cultivating method according to claim 1, when it is characterized in that whole moisture in the soil by line-spacing 13-20 centimetre, that the dimensional requirement of spacing in the rows 5-10 centimetre arranges moisture in the soil is wide, forms the form of planting that line-spacing is wide, spacing in the rows is close.
3. wild yunnan starwort root cultivating method according to claim 1, it is characterized in that the blanching culture of yunnan starwort root: in the winter time, utilize self nutrient of yunnan starwort root fleshy root, seedling bed temperature should keep 15-18 DEG C under the dark or low light condition of cool canopy, when seedling bed temperature wants ventilation more than during 20-25 DEG C, yunnan starwort root is grown and forms bud pearl; Namely root grow to late October-early November time, carefully by stock turn up, do not hinder root, earth is shaken off, diameter about 10 centimetres is bundled into lightly a branch of with straw, temporary parallel is heeled in the shallow ridges excavated in field, and the soil of surrounding training thickness 3-5 centimetre, in order to cultivation.
4. wild yunnan starwort root cultivating method according to claim 1, is characterized in that spraying insecticide the mode of control ground maggot and thrips larva: a, select 50% phoxim emulsifiable concentrate, 1000 times of liquid or 48% Le Siben missible oil, 500 times of liquid or 1.1% matrine pulvis, 500 times of liquid irrigating roots, monthly; B, 10% cyromazine aqueous suspension agent mu spray medicine with high-pressure sprayer along ridge with 75 grams-90 grams, the ground maggot of control yunnan starwort root; C, control adult: contain the phase of sending out in adult, when 9-11 in the morning during emergence peak of adult, 2.5% chlorophos pulvis is spread fertilizer over the fields along ridge, every mu is spread fertilizer over the fields 2-2.6 kilogram, or with 40% phoxim emulsifiable concentrate 800-1000 times liquid foliar spray, or 2.5% decis 2000 liquid foliar spray, occur to concentrate to adult in autumn, when endangering serious, answer keypoint control.
5. the food of yunnan starwort root making, is characterized in that medicated food has following three kinds of forms:
A yunnan starwort root stewing native chicken: first yunnan starwort root clear water complete for coring is bubbled open, again native chicken is slaughtered clean boiling hot water of dehematizing, enter marmite or saucepan to add cold water and burn and roll, add ginger splices cooking wine and remove raw meat, water adds yunnan starwort root after opening, concrete mode be the native chicken 1.5-3 kilogram killed add yunnan starwort root 60-80 gram, 20-25 gram date, 10-15 gram matrimony vine, little fire slowly stew 2 hours; Appropriate salt and monosodium glutamate is sprinkled into when taking the dish out of the pot;
B yunnan starwort root fricassee: yunnan starwort root 30-60 gram, meat 500 grams, green onion 10-15 gram, ginger 15-20 gram, Chinese prickly ash 5-10 gram, aniseed 5-10 section, cooking wine 5-10 gram, described meat is the lean meat of pig, ox, sheep or fish; First yunnan starwort root is ground medicine end, then lean meat is clean, section, upper pot stir-fry is to whole variable color; Put into medicine end to mix thoroughly, add green onion joint, ginger splices, Chinese prickly ash, aniseed, water cooking wine, injected clear water, rotten pull green onion joint, ginger splices, Chinese prickly ash, aniseed out with coddle to meat is ripe, add refined salt, monosodium glutamate mixes up;
C yunnan starwort root stewes chop: yunnan starwort root 60-120 gram, fresh chop 1000 grams, green onion 10-15 gram, ginger 15-20 gram, Chinese prickly ash 5-10 gram, capsicum 10-15 gram, matrimony vine 10-15 gram, date 20-25 gram, aniseed 5-10 gram, cooking wine 5-10 gram, described chop is pig, ox, Mutton chops; First yunnan starwort root clear water is bubbled open or ground into powder, fresh chop is cleaned, and enters marmite or saucepan and adds cold water and burn and roll, add ginger splices cooking wine and remove raw meat; Water adds yunnan starwort root and date after opening, and little fire is stewed 2 hours slowly; Take the dish out of the pot and be sprinkled into appropriate salt, monosodium glutamate mixes up.
6. the food that makes of yunnan starwort root according to claim 5, to is characterized in that with yunnan starwort root for the mode of main making can is: adopting yunnan starwort root, Xuanwei coal pork or beef to be raw material is main processed can, and manufacture craft is as follows:
(1) material storage: the meat material got ready is for subsequent use stored in the freezer of subzero less than 18 degrees Celsius;
(2) stripping and slicing: freezing pork or beef, first uses meat block slicing machine slitting, then is cut into the fritter of 3-5 centimeter square successively;
(3) thaw: meat spreads on the table, in temperature not higher than under the environment of 10 degrees Celsius, place 10-12 hour, carry out nature and thaw, with hand pressing cube meat, deliquescing is for subsequent use;
(4) cleaning arranges: the cube meat thawed, by clean water twice, be poured on pigeonholes, picks the impurity removed on meat for subsequent use;
(5) pickle: at weighing area, preparation salt-mixture, configuration proportion is: salt 98%, sugar 1.5%, natrium nitrosum 0.5% mixes, according to the ratio of every 1 kilogram of meat 25 grams of compounds, compound is sprinkling upon on meat, stirs uniformly, the cube meat handled well is put into butcher's meat tank and is pickled 12 to 24 hours;
(6) precook: before precooking, prepare one by aniseed, Chinese prickly ash, cassia bark, onion, the material bag that fresh ginger-chip etc. install with gauze bag, burns more than 50 degrees Celsius the water in blanching bath afterwards, add preprepared material bag, after ten minutes, smell material and wrap the fragrance given out, now, pour the beef or pork pickled into, constantly stir with bamboo strainer, boil to boiling, when boiling 3-5 minute after, meat have eight points ripe time, cut cube meat, observe the inside there is no the trace of blood, meat is pulled out weigh for subsequent use; Clean yunnan starwort root blanching bath is boiled simultaneously and pull out, put workbench and cool, carry out weighing for subsequent use;
(7) slack tank sterilization: boiling hot tank machine, add water and be warming up to more than 80 DEG C, the slack tank got ready is put in boiling hot tank machine, automatic spray is sterilized, and be up to the standards use;
(8) tinning:
Adopt hand caging, the weighing scale held by tin can, load the yunnan starwort root of the slaking of total amount 58-61%, load the cube meat of 42-39% amount.
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| CN102823405A (en) * | 2012-09-07 | 2012-12-19 | 高亮 | Ginseng for treating high blood pressure and culture process of ginseng |
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| CN104663234A (en) * | 2015-03-23 | 2015-06-03 | 宣威市美睿农业开发有限责任公司 | Acclimation method of wild rhizoma panacis majoris |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN102823405A (en) * | 2012-09-07 | 2012-12-19 | 高亮 | Ginseng for treating high blood pressure and culture process of ginseng |
| CN103875403A (en) * | 2014-03-18 | 2014-06-25 | 云南省农业科学院药用植物研究所 | Mountainous area non-reclaimed slope water-collecting and fertilizer-maintaining forest medicine ecological combined method |
| CN104255255A (en) * | 2014-09-23 | 2015-01-07 | 维西傈山中药材经营有限公司 | Method for breeding rhizoma panacis majoris seedlings in high and cold areas |
| CN104663234A (en) * | 2015-03-23 | 2015-06-03 | 宣威市美睿农业开发有限责任公司 | Acclimation method of wild rhizoma panacis majoris |
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