CN108207464A - A kind of bletilla striata high-yield planting method under camellia oleifera lam - Google Patents
A kind of bletilla striata high-yield planting method under camellia oleifera lam Download PDFInfo
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- CN108207464A CN108207464A CN201711498974.7A CN201711498974A CN108207464A CN 108207464 A CN108207464 A CN 108207464A CN 201711498974 A CN201711498974 A CN 201711498974A CN 108207464 A CN108207464 A CN 108207464A
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- bletilla striata
- seedling
- camellia oleifera
- oleifera lam
- tea
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/005—Cultivation methods
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C1/00—Apparatus, or methods of use thereof, for testing or treating seed, roots, or the like, prior to sowing or planting
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C1/00—Apparatus, or methods of use thereof, for testing or treating seed, roots, or the like, prior to sowing or planting
- A01C1/06—Coating or dressing seed
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G25/00—Watering gardens, fields, sports grounds or the like
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
- C05F5/00—Fertilisers from distillery wastes, molasses, vinasses, sugar plant or similar wastes or residues, e.g. from waste originating from industrial processing of raw material of agricultural origin or derived products thereof
- C05F5/006—Waste from chemical processing of material, e.g. diestillation, roasting, cooking
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/10—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in agriculture
- Y02A40/20—Fertilizers of biological origin, e.g. guano or fertilizers made from animal corpses
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/10—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in agriculture
- Y02A40/22—Improving land use; Improving water use or availability; Controlling erosion
Abstract
The invention belongs to agricultural plantation technology fields, and in particular to a kind of bletilla striata high-yield planting method under camellia oleifera lam.Tea seedling is planted with bletilla striata seedling interval in each column during the camellia oleifera lam is built, interplanting crops are planted between adjacent two plants of tea seedlings and bletilla striata seedling, interplanting crops are planted between tea seedling and adjacent two row of bletilla striata seedling column, the bletilla striata seedling is cultivated by direct sowing and seedling, the direct sowing and seedling is using solid dilution sowing, and the interplanting crops is medicine chrysanthemums, summer grass is withered, one or more of honeysuckle.Solid dilution sowing is takes uncracked ripe bletilla striata capsule fruit pod raw for the year before sowing, remove surface dirt, it is put into flour or agar powder or carbon dust, 5 10 bletilla striata capsule fruit pods are added in per 50g powder, gently peel off, powdered seed therein is poured into flour or agar powder or carbon dust, is uniformly mixed, is sowed with mixture.The present invention has the advantageous effects such as bletilla striata seeds germination percentage height, seedling growth stalwartness, survival rate height, land utilization ratio height, yield height.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to agricultural plantation technology fields, and in particular to a kind of bletilla striata high-yield planting method under camellia oleifera lam.
Background technology
The bletilla striata is orchid family bletilla striata category herbaceos perennial, is distributed mainly on Henan in China, Shanxi, Sichuan, Guizhou, cloud
The ground such as south.The bletilla striata is used as medicine with stem tuber, early in《Sheng Nong's herbal classic》In just it is on the books, have tonifying lung, detumescence, myogenic, stop blooding it
Effect, for treating tuberculosis hemoptysis, bronchiectasis hemoptysis, gastric ulcer haematemesis, hematuria, the symptoms such as have blood in stool, in addition, the flower of the bletilla striata
Color is gorgeous and a kind of good landscape plant.So very vigorous to the demand of the bletilla striata in the market, China in recent years in addition
The wild bletilla striata of most area is excavated by transition, its natural resources is caused drastically to reduce, endangered edge, by
Country is classified as one of wild plant of focused protection, and in order to protect wild bletilla striata resource, artificial breeding and cultivation bletilla striata gesture exist
It must go.
Since bletilla striata seeds quality is smaller, without endosperm, therefore sprouting condition is very harsh, and it is difficult to sprout under field conditions (factors)
Spend larger, and seedling percent is relatively low.The breeding of seedling at present uses Propagation of Rhizomes and division propagation, but both breeding sides more
Formula can cause the deterioration of bletilla striata population serious, cause its low output, of poor quality, crop cycle is long, reproductive efficiency is low etc., serious to restrict
The development of bletilla striata plantation.Simultaneously in order to ensure the development of bletilla striata population, high-quality bletilla striata kind is tamed, using seminal propagation dialogue
The development of splendid achnatherum industry is of great significance.
Still a kind of method is only planted during bletilla striata plantation at present using plot to be planted, advantage is single varieties
Convenient for management, shortcoming is low output, deficiency in economic performance.Chinese patent CN105766358A discloses a kind of interplanting of the sealwort bletilla striata
Method, arranged including field, seed selection, plantation, setting shading net, field management, the bletilla striata uses people by the method for the present invention
Work method is planted, and simulates the natural growthing condition of the bletilla striata, the bletilla striata provided, sealwort standardization interplanting method, management to greatest extent
Science, nuisanceless, the bletilla striata quality of acquisition is high, and compared with existing bletilla striata planting technology, per mu yield improves 200%, reaches one
The bletilla striata stem tuber of grade product is up to more than 95%, with good economic efficiency, social benefit and ecological benefits.
Oil tea is called camellia, is a kind of woody oleiferous plants crop, has kind the ground such as China Hunan, Jiangxi, Zhejiang, Sichuan more
It plants, since camellia seed oil is rich in abundant unrighted acid, there is extensive medical, medicinal, edible value, therefore right at present
The research of oil tea plantation is more and more.Research at present is mostly started with from the improvement of kind, domestication etc., but at present, existing oil
Tea kind time of growing into forest is longer, leads to that camellia oleifera lam administration fee is higher, and benefit is low.Therefore suitable industrial crops and oil tea are selected
Woods, which carries out interplanting cultivation, can effectively improve the economic benefit of camellia oleifera lam.
Chinese patent CN105028118A discloses a kind of mixed construction method for handing over high yield camellia oleifera lam, every 2-5 row oil teas
Woods sets a line to interplant the mixed mixed Bank of Communications for handing over plant, according to every one plant of mixed friendship plant of kind between 2-5 plants of oil teas in this mixes Bank of Communications.
This method hands over the florescence of plant to attract more insects, birds, reptile etc. with the equitant method of camellia florescence by using mixed
Carry out pollination of picking flowers so that the object of pollination of oil tea tree becomes extensive, therefore the successful probability of pollination of oil tea tree is also multiplied, Jin Erti
The yield of high oil tea.
Invention content
To improve the content of two kinds of crops of the bletilla striata and oil tea, improve and asked existing for current oil tea and bletilla striata plantation in the process
Topic, the present invention is intended to provide a kind of land utilization ratio is high, economy, efficient administration camellia oleifera lam under bletilla striata implantation methods, and
A kind of bletilla striata seeds method for culturing seedlings of effective domestication bletilla striata kind is provided, bletilla striata yield can be effectively improved by this method, effectively
Camellia oleifera lam afforestation efficiency is improved, improves the problem of land utilization ratio is low in current oil tea planting process.To achieve the above object, originally
Invention is achieved through the following technical solutions：
A kind of bletilla striata high-yield planting method under camellia oleifera lam, tea seedling and bletilla striata seedling in each column during camellia oleifera lam construction
Interplanting crops, tea seedling and adjacent the two of bletilla striata seedling column are planted in interval plantation between adjacent two plants of tea seedlings and bletilla striata seedling
Interplanting crops are planted between row, the bletilla striata seedling is cultivated by direct sowing and seedling, and the direct sowing and seedling is diluted using solid
Sowing, the interplanting crops is medicine chrysanthemums, summer grass is withered, one or more of honeysuckle.
As specific technical solution, above-mentioned solid dilution sowing is takes uncracked ripe bletilla striata capsule raw for the year before sowing
Fruit fruit pod removes surface dirt, is put into flour or agar powder or carbon dust, and 5-10 bletilla striata capsule fruit is added in every 50g powder
Pod gently peels off, and powdered seed therein is poured into flour or agar powder or carbon dust, is uniformly mixed, is carried out with mixture
Sowing.
As specific technical solution, the direct sowing and seedling specifically includes following steps：(1) prepared by compost：By soil table
Layer soil carries out compost fermentation with camellia seed meal, measures its pH, adjusts its pH to 6.0 or so with plant ash later, adds in 20-30 mesh
Vermiculite, be exposed to the sun under daylight 2-3 days, compost be put into canister after mixing later, set fire on scorch 40-
60min kills the microorganism of the overwhelming majority in compost, spare；(2) it is laid with seedlings nursing plate：Bottom seedlings nursing plate is put into one layer and goes out
The insert of bacterium, tile one layer of calper calcium peroxide in insert later, and calper calcium peroxide upper strata spreads the sphagna of one layer of sterilizing later, will
Compost is added to sphagna top and fills up entire seedlings nursing plate；(3) it sows：Take the uncracked ripe bletilla striata capsule fruit that current year is raw
Pod removes surface dirt, is put into flour or agar powder or carbon dust, adds in 5-10 bletilla striata capsule fruit pod in every 50g powder, gently
It is light to peel off, powdered seed therein is poured into flour or agar powder or carbon dust, is uniformly mixed, by flour or agar powder or carbon
Powder is gently sprinkled into seedlings nursing plate, is gently covered on seedlings nursing plate with the sphagna after disinfection, toward sphagna on spray water so that hung on sphagna
Full droplet；(4) it cultivates：By seedlings nursing plate after planting in 25 DEG C of environment temperature, envionmental humidity 60%, illumination 16h/d,
Light intensity 300-1000lx is cultivated 40-60 days, is dripped on sphagna by trickle irrigation form in cultivating process, speed of dropping water 10-120
Drop/min；(5) acclimatization and transplants：Seedling to be cultivated, which is grown to 5cm or so, can start hardening, throw off top sphagna, exist daily
8h is placed under natural environment, it can be by seedling replanting to big Tanaka after continuously placing 5-10 days.
Wherein, the insert described in the step (2) is one kind in konjak gel, konjac sponge, agar gel.Institute
The mass ratio for stating tea seed cake after the additive amount of vermiculite and fermentation in step (1) is 1-2:1.
As optimal technical scheme, the cultivation of tea oil tree and interplanting crops is first carried out during camellia oleifera lam is built, later
The transplanting of bletilla striata seedling is carried out again.
As optimal technical scheme, during camellia oleifera lam is built, bletilla seed plant hole, oil tea are reserved between every two plants of tea oil trees
Tree and plantation interplanting crops among bletilla seed plant hole.
As optimal technical scheme, need first to carry out soil conditioning before tea oil tree plantation, specific operation process is：Select draining
Poultry manure organic fertilizer is spread, per acre 1000-2000kg as camellia oleifera lam planting area in good plot, deep ploughs 0.5-0.8 meters,
Stalk is buried during arable land into ditch dug with a plow, is raked later, sprinkling irrigation is watered, and sprays EM bacterium solution in watering proce, the amount of spraying is
1500-2000ml/ mus, later soil stand 1 year, the next autumn is deep ploughed 0.5-0.8 meters again, rakes spray EM bacterium later
Agent, the amount of spraying are 1000-2000ml/ mus.
As optimal technical scheme, cave depth 30-50cm when the bletilla striata is transplanted, the plant base biology of cave bottom fermentation maturity has
Machine fertilizer carries out shop fixtures, is irrigated after having tiled with bacillus subtilis solution, bacillus subtilis a concentration of 105-106Cfu/ml, often
Cave irrigation volume is 3-4L, and by bletilla striata seedling replanting to cave after cave surface parches, tiling topsoil in bottom tiles one layer later
Granularity is the vermiculite of 10-20 mesh, and thickness 20cm is tamped later with land again.
As optimal technical scheme, irrigate within first 120-180 days after bletilla striata seedling replanting to crop field and irrigated using high pressure oxygenation,
It irrigates weekly 1-2 times, is irrigated later using common irrigation method.
The bletilla striata and camellia oleifera lam are carried out spacer sleeve by the present invention for the Germination characteristics of bletilla striata seeds and the growth characteristics of seedling
Kind, make full use of land resource, the advantage between each product of reasonable distribution accomplishes have complementary advantages.According to camellia oleifera lam growth early stage
Growing way is weaker, and product is not luxuriant enough, and shading ability is poor, therefore other interplanting crops are first cultivated before bletilla striata seedling replanting,
There is preferable shading effect after ensureing bletilla striata seedling replanting, intense light irradiation is avoided to shoot seedling wounded.Selection medicine chrysanthemum, summer grass are withered, honeysuckle
One or more of three kinds as interplanting plant, make full use of the characteristic of this kind of crop root multiple-limb, can effectively play for
The effect of bletilla striata seedling shading, simultaneously because growth height is relatively low, the normal growth without influencing tea oil tree, as long as ensureing
It has rational range with oil tea.
In addition, the present invention carries out nursery using the method for seed sowing, change traditional bletilla striata tissue cultures and carry out nursery
Present situation can optimize advantage bletilla striata kind, and bletilla striata kind is promoted to evolve to more high yield.It is note in bletilla striata seeds seeding process
The application rate of bletilla striata seeds is recorded, ensures that sowing is uniform, bletilla striata seeds substance visible with other is sufficiently mixed so that bletilla striata seeds
Application rate is controllable.
It carries out disinfection processing, avoids after planting to the infection of seed first before bletilla striata seeds sowing, cultivating soil is also simultaneously
Carry out disinfection processing, it is ensured that is not invaded and harassed in Seed Germination by exotic harmful microorganism.Layering is packed into liner in seedlings nursing plate
Object, calper calcium peroxide, sphagna, compost are after planting watered using trickle irrigation, first quick again at a slow speed, and early period, seed sprouting was slower,
Demand to various energy is less, and there is no need to too many water can enter germinating, increase later due to sprouting potential energy, increase
Add speed of dropping water so that the oxygen content sprouted in environment increases, and seed is promoted to sprout, and largely has due to itself existing in environment
Machine matter, it is ensured that nutrition needed for bletilla striata seeds germination process.It can be apparent using the method bletilla striata seeds germination rate of this patent
It improves, seedling growth is more healthy and stronger.
The invention has the advantages that：
Bletilla striata seeds germination percentage is high
During bletilla striata seedling is cultivated, the germination rate of seed significantly increases method using the present invention.The present invention
By increasing the guarantees such as the content of organic matter in seed growth environment, soil dissolved oxygen amount, envionmental humidity in Seed Germination
Bletilla striata seeds are sprouted.Culture medium use fermentation maturity after camellia seed meal as organic base-material, due to not contained in bletilla striata seeds
Endosperm, therefore, in order to ensure that it sprouts required various nutriments, it is preferred to use the protein content rich in albumen is higher
Organic fertilizer do basis.The soybean seed dregs of rice, the purple perilla seed dregs of rice, sunflower seed dregs peanut dregs etc. can also be used simultaneously as organic fertilizer
Matrix, then by the way that the pH of organic fertilizer is strictly controlled to prevent that acid corrosion or caustic corrosion phenomenon occur in Seed Germination.Simultaneously
By high-temperature process after the completion of culture base-material processing, most of harmful organism therein is killed, prevents Seed Germination by micro-
Biology invasion and influence bletilla striata seeds germination rate.
Seedling growth is healthy and strong, survival rate is high
After many bletilla striata seedling are transplanted by tissue cultures, since culture environment and transplanting environment gap are larger, bletilla striata children
Seedling cannot adapt to environment immediately, there is the longer adaptation period, if while since environmental change is larger in adaptation process, it is easy to
Cause the death of seedling.The present invention is irrigated after seedling replanting by high pressure oxygenation, promotes the respiration of bletilla striata root so that
Bletilla striata root growth is strongr, avoids occurring rotten, improves survival rate.
Land utilization ratio is high, yield is high
The present invention is long using the oil tea result period during camellia oleifera lam is built, and the characteristics of slow is grown, by oil tea and the bletilla striata
It is interplanted, simultaneously because need the environment of shady and cool humidity in bletilla striata growth course, then is spaced that plantation medicine chrysanthemum, summer grass be withered, gold and silver
Flower, various plants are collocated with each other plantation, meet various process of crop growth to sunlight, moisture, nutrient absorption rate not
Together, soil overall utilization rate and yield are improved.
Figure of description
The various crop interplanting schematic diagrames of Fig. 1 present invention；
Seedlings nursing plate structure diagram is spread in Fig. 2 bletilla striata seedling raising process of the present invention；
Seedlings nursing plate structure diagram of Fig. 3 embodiment of the present invention containing thin pipe.
The meaning of each label is in figure：1- bletilla striata seedlings；2- interplanting crops；3- oil tea saplings；4- liner nitride layer；5- peroxidating
Calcium layer；Sphagna layer among 6-；7- cultivates soil layer；8- upper stratas sphagna layer；9- thin pipes.
Specific embodiment
The present invention will be further described With reference to embodiment, it is pointed out that following embodiment be only with
The indicative explaination that the form enumerated is the present invention, but protection scope of the present invention is not limited to that, all this fields
Technical staff protection scope of the present invention is each fallen within to the equivalent replacement done of the present invention with the spirit of the present invention.
Embodiment 1
A kind of bletilla striata high-yield planting method under camellia oleifera lam, tea seedling and the bletilla striata are young in each column during the camellia oleifera lam is built
Seedling interval is planted, and interplanting crops is planted between adjacent two plants of tea seedlings and bletilla striata seedling, tea seedling is adjacent with bletilla striata seedling column
Interplanting crops are planted between two row, the bletilla striata seedling is cultivated by direct sowing and seedling, and the direct sowing and seedling is dilute using solid
Release sowing, the interplanting crops are medicine chrysanthemum, summer grass is withered, one or more of honeysuckle, as shown in Figure 1.Bletilla striata seedling passes through
Direct sowing and seedling is cultivated.Using solid dilution sowing during direct sowing and seedling.Solid dilution sowing is by bletilla striata seeds
It is middle to add suitable powdery or granular solids so that seed can be uniformly distributed in solid powder or particle, so as to reach
So that bletilla striata seeds sow more uniform purpose.
Embodiment 2
A kind of bletilla striata high-yield planting method under camellia oleifera lam, a kind of bletilla striata high-yield planting method under camellia oleifera lam, the camellia oleifera lam
Tea seedling is planted with bletilla striata seedling interval in each column during construction, plantation interplanting work between adjacent two plants of tea seedlings and bletilla striata seedling
Interplanting crops are planted between adjacent two row of object, tea seedling and bletilla striata seedling column, the bletilla striata seedling is trained by direct sowing and seedling
It educates, the direct sowing and seedling is using solid dilution sowing, and the interplanting crops are medicine chrysanthemum, summer grass is withered, one kind in honeysuckle
It is or several., as shown in Figure 1.Bletilla striata seedling is cultivated by direct sowing and seedling.Solid dilution sowing concrete operation method is sowing
Before take current year raw uncracked ripe bletilla striata capsule fruit pod, remove surface dirt, also can be by the anhydrous second in capsule fruit pod surface
Alcohol cleans one time again, is placed into after drying in flour or agar powder or carbon dust, optimal with flour, agar powder.Per in 50g powder
5-10 bletilla striata capsule fruit pod is added in, gently peels off, powdered seed therein is poured into flour or agar powder or carbon dust, is mixed
It closes uniformly, is sowed with mixture.
Embodiment 3
A kind of bletilla striata high-yield planting method under camellia oleifera lam, a kind of bletilla striata high-yield planting method under camellia oleifera lam, camellia oleifera lam are built
Tea seedling is planted with bletilla striata seedling interval in each column during the camellia oleifera lam is built in the process, adjacent two plants of tea seedlings and the bletilla striata
Interplanting crops are planted between seedling, interplanting crops, the bletilla striata children are planted between tea seedling and adjacent two row of bletilla striata seedling column
Seedling is cultivated by direct sowing and seedling, and the direct sowing and seedling is using solid dilution sowing, and the interplanting crops are medicine chrysanthemum, summer grass
One or more of withered, honeysuckle., as shown in Figure 1.The bletilla striata carries out nursery using direct sowing and seedling method.Direct sowing and seedling method
Specifically include following steps：
(1) prepared by compost：Upper soll layer soil and camellia seed meal are subjected to compost fermentation, its pH is measured, uses vegetation later
Ash adjustment its pH to 6.0 or so, adds in the vermiculite of 20-30 mesh, is exposed to the sun under daylight 2-3 days after mixing, later by compost
Be put into canister, set fire on scorch 40-60min, with kill in compost the overwhelming majority harmful microorganisms；It is right herein
The sterilizing of compost should not use the progress of chemical sterilization disinfectant directly to spray processing；Chemical sterilization disinfectant such as permanganic acid
Potassium, hypochlorous acid etc. may destroy the oxygen environment established during later stage laying seedlings nursing plate and reduce seed germination rate；
(2) it is laid with seedlings nursing plate：Bottom seedlings nursing plate is put into the insert of one layer of sterilizing, and tile one layer of mistake in insert later
Calcium oxide, thickness 0.5-1cm or so, calper calcium peroxide upper strata spread the sphagna of one layer of sterilizing, and thickness 2-3cm adds in compost
Entire seedlings nursing plate is filled up to sphagna top；
(3) it sows：The uncracked ripe bletilla striata capsule fruit pod that current year is raw is taken, surface dirt is removed, is put into flour or fine jade
In cosmetics or carbon dust, 5-10 bletilla striata capsule fruit pod is added in every 50g powder, gently peels off, powdered seed therein is fallen
Enter in flour, be uniformly mixed, flour is gently sprinkled into seedlings nursing plate, is gently covered on seedlings nursing plate with the sphagna after disinfection, it is past
It sprays water on sphagna so that droplet is overworked on sphagna；
(4) it cultivates：By seedlings nursing plate after planting in 25 DEG C of environment temperature, envionmental humidity 60%, illumination 16h/d,
Light intensity 300-1000lx is cultivated 40-60 days, is dripped on sphagna by trickle irrigation form in cultivating process, speed of dropping water 10-120
Drop/min；As demand of the seedling to moisture is continuously increased the water speed that drips, the time of dripping rationally is controlled according to soil moisture content, early period by
Slower in seed speed of germinating, oxygen demand is few, and water requirement is also less, therefore can open smaller speed of dropping water, after 2-3 days, seed
Sprouting ability enhances, and oxygen demand increases, and can increase speed of dropping water increases soil moisture content and dissolved oxygen amount；
(5) acclimatization and transplants：Seedling to be cultivated, which is grown to 5cm or so, can start hardening, throw off top sphagna, exist daily
8h is placed under natural environment, it can be by seedling replanting to big Tanaka after continuously placing 5-10 days.
Embodiment 4
A kind of bletilla striata high-yield planting method under camellia oleifera lam, a kind of bletilla striata high-yield planting method under camellia oleifera lam, camellia oleifera lam are built
Tea seedling is planted with bletilla striata seedling interval in the process, and interplanting crops are planted between tea seedling and bletilla striata seedling in each column, respectively arrange it
Between plant interplanting crops, interplanting crops are medicine chrysanthemum, summer grass is withered, one or more of honeysuckle, as shown in Figure 1.The bletilla striata uses
Direct sowing and seedling method carries out nursery.Direct sowing and seedling method specifically includes following steps：
(1) prepared by compost：Upper soll layer soil and camellia seed meal are subjected to compost fermentation, its pH is measured, uses vegetation later
Ash adjustment its pH to 6.0 or so adds in the vermiculite of 20-30 mesh, and the mass ratio of tea seed cake is 1-2 after the additive amount of vermiculite and fermentation:
1, the two is exposed to the sun 2-3 days under daylight after mixing, and vermiculite additive amount is more than tea seed cake additive amount, and it is larger to ensure that compost has
Gas permeability, for dissolved oxygen amount in soil is promoted to provide help；Compost is put into canister later, set fire on scorch 40-
60min, to kill the harmful microorganism of the overwhelming majority in compost；Chemistry should not be used to the sterilizing of compost herein
Disinfection sanitizer progress directly sprays processing；Chemical sterilization disinfectant such as potassium permanganate, hypochlorous acid etc. may destroy later stage paving
If the oxygen environment established during seedlings nursing plate and reduce seed germination rate；
(2) it is laid with seedlings nursing plate：Bottom seedlings nursing plate is put into the insert of one layer of sterilizing, and tile one layer of mistake in insert later
Calcium oxide, thickness 0.5-1cm or so, calper calcium peroxide upper strata spread the sphagna of one layer of sterilizing, and thickness 2-3cm adds in compost
Entire seedlings nursing plate is filled up to sphagna top, structure diagram is as shown in Figure 2；Insert is using konjak gel or konjac sponge or fine jade
Fat gel tiles a layer thickness as 2-4cm in bottom seedlings nursing plate；
(3) it sows：The uncracked ripe bletilla striata capsule fruit pod that current year is raw is taken, surface dirt is removed, is put into agar powder,
5-10 bletilla striata capsule fruit pod is added in per 50g powder, gently peels off, powdered seed therein is poured into agar powder, is mixed
It closes uniformly, agar powder is gently sprinkled into seedlings nursing plate so that agar powder is capable of the compost on uniform fold seedlings nursing plate surface layer, then
It is gently covered on seedlings nursing plate with the sphagna after disinfection, sprayed water on sphagna so that droplet is overworked on sphagna；
(4) it cultivates：By seedlings nursing plate after planting in 25 DEG C of environment temperature, envionmental humidity 60%, illumination 16h/d,
Light intensity 300-1000lx is cultivated 40-60 days, is dripped on sphagna by trickle irrigation form in cultivating process, speed of dropping water 10-120
Drop/min；As demand of the seedling to moisture is continuously increased the water speed that drips, the time of dripping rationally is controlled according to soil moisture content, early period by
Slower in seed speed of germinating, oxygen demand is few, and water requirement is also less, therefore can open smaller speed of dropping water, after 2-3 days, seed
Sprouting ability enhances, and oxygen demand increases, and can increase speed of dropping water increases soil moisture content and dissolved oxygen amount；In order to preferably control
Dissolved oxygen amount in the soil moisture content and soil of compost processed, can culture soil layer and peroxidating calcium layer between setting mutually together with tubule
Road, pipe diameter 1-2cm, one end connection peroxidating calcium layer, the other end stretches out the sphagna layer above the compost of surface layer, with drop
It is corresponding to fill facility so that water droplet can be instilled directly in thin pipe, as shown in Figure 3；
(5) acclimatization and transplants：Seedling to be cultivated, which is grown to 5cm or so, can start hardening, throw off top sphagna, exist daily
8h is placed under natural environment, it can be by seedling replanting to big Tanaka after continuously placing 5-10 days.
Embodiment 5
A kind of bletilla striata high-yield planting method under camellia oleifera lam, tea seedling and bletilla striata seedling interval kind during camellia oleifera lam is built
Plant, interplanting crops planted between each row, interplanting crops are medicine chrysanthemum, summer grass is withered, one or more of honeysuckle as shown in Figure 1.
Bletilla striata seedling is cultivated by direct sowing and seedling.Using solid dilution sowing during direct sowing and seedling.During camellia oleifera lam is built
The cultivation of tea oil tree and interplanting crops is first carried out, bletilla striata seedling cultivation cave, Zhi Houzai are correspondingly arranged between every two plants of tea oil trees
The transplanting of bletilla striata seedling is carried out, plants interplanting crops among tea oil tree and bletilla seed plant hole, as shown in Figure 1.
Embodiment 6
A kind of bletilla striata high-yield planting method under camellia oleifera lam, tea seedling and bletilla striata seedling interval kind during camellia oleifera lam is built
Plant, interplanting crops planted between each row, interplanting crops are medicine chrysanthemum, summer grass is withered, one or more of honeysuckle as shown in Figure 1.
Bletilla striata seedling is cultivated by direct sowing and seedling.Using solid dilution sowing during direct sowing and seedling.During camellia oleifera lam is built
The cultivation of tea oil tree and interplanting crops is first carried out, bletilla striata seedling cultivation cave, Zhi Houzai are correspondingly arranged between every two plants of tea oil trees
The transplanting of bletilla striata seedling is carried out, plants interplanting crops among tea oil tree and bletilla seed plant hole, as shown in Figure 1.Before tea oil tree plantation
Soil conditioning need to be first carried out, specific operation process is：Excessively drained field is selected as camellia oleifera lam planting area, spreads poultry-dung
Just organic fertilizer, 1000-2000kg, deep ploughs 0.5-0.8 meters per acre, buries stalk during arable land into ditch dug with a plow, rakes later, sprays
Water is poured, EM bacterium solution is sprayed in watering proce, the amount of spraying is 1500-2000ml/ mus, and soil stands 1 year later, second year
Autumn deep ploughs 0.5-0.8 meters again, rakes spray EM bacteria agent later, and the amount of spraying is 1000-2000ml/ mus.Selected EM bacteria agent is
Commercially available soil conditioning EM bacteria agent, living bacteria count are not less than 105cfu/ml。
Embodiment 7
A kind of bletilla striata high-yield planting method under camellia oleifera lam, tea seedling and bletilla striata seedling interval kind during camellia oleifera lam is built
Plant, interplanting crops planted between each row, interplanting crops are medicine chrysanthemum, summer grass is withered, one or more of honeysuckle as shown in Figure 1.
Bletilla striata seedling is cultivated by direct sowing and seedling.Using solid dilution sowing during direct sowing and seedling.During camellia oleifera lam is built
The cultivation of tea oil tree and interplanting crops is first carried out, bletilla striata seedling cultivation cave, Zhi Houzai are correspondingly arranged between every two plants of tea oil trees
The transplanting of bletilla striata seedling is carried out, plants interplanting crops among tea oil tree and bletilla seed plant hole, as shown in Figure 1.Before tea oil tree plantation
Soil conditioning need to be first carried out, specific operation process is：Excessively drained field is selected as camellia oleifera lam planting area, spreads poultry-dung
Just organic fertilizer, 1000-2000kg, deep ploughs 0.5-0.8 meters per acre, buries stalk during arable land into ditch dug with a plow, rakes later, sprays
Water is poured, EM bacterium solution is sprayed in watering proce, the amount of spraying is 1500-2000ml/ mus, and soil stands 1 year later, second year
Autumn deep ploughs 0.5-0.8 meters again, rakes spray EM bacteria agent later, and the amount of spraying is 1000-2000ml/ mus.Selected EM bacteria agent is
Commercially available soil conditioning EM bacteria agent, living bacteria count are not less than 105cfu/ml。
Cave depth 30-50cm when the bletilla striata is transplanted, the plant base biological organic fertilizer of cave bottom fermentation maturity carry out shop fixtures, tile
It is irrigated after complete with bacillus subtilis solution, bacillus subtilis a concentration of 105-106Cfu/ml is 3-4L per cave irrigation volume, treats
Cave surface parch after by bletilla striata seedling replanting to cave, bottom tiling topsoil, the leech that one layer of granularity is 10-20 mesh of tiling later
Stone, thickness 20cm, is tamped later with land again.
It irrigates within first 120-180 days after bletilla striata seedling replanting to crop field and is irrigated using high pressure oxygenation, irrigated 1-2 times weekly, it
It is irrigated afterwards using common irrigation method.High pressure oxygenation irrigation refers to that high power capacity will be injected in irrigation water by supercharger
Oxygen improves the content for irrigating water oxygen, so as to reach the oxygen content increased in bletilla striata growth of seedling environment.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of bletilla striata high-yield planting method under camellia oleifera lam, which is characterized in that tea tree in each column during the camellia oleifera lam is built
Seedling is planted with bletilla striata seedling interval, and interplanting crops, tea seedling and bletilla striata seedling institute are planted between adjacent two plants of tea seedlings and bletilla striata seedling
Interplanting crops are planted between adjacent two row of row, the bletilla striata seedling is cultivated by direct sowing and seedling, the direct sowing and seedling
It is diluted and sowed using solid, the interplanting crops is medicine chrysanthemums, summer grass is withered, one or more of honeysuckle.
2. bletilla striata high-yield planting method under a kind of camellia oleifera lam as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that the solid dilution is broadcast
Kind to take current year raw uncracked ripe bletilla striata capsule fruit pod before sowing, remove surface dirt, be put into flour or agar powder or
In carbon dust, 5-10 bletilla striata capsule fruit pod is added in every 50g powder, gently peels off, powdered seed therein is poured into flour
Or in agar powder or carbon dust, it is uniformly mixed, is sowed with mixture.
3. bletilla striata high-yield planting method under a kind of camellia oleifera lam as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that the direct sowing and seedling tool
Body includes the following steps：(1) prepared by compost：Upper soll layer soil and camellia seed meal are subjected to compost fermentation, measure its pH, later
Its pH to 6.0 or so is adjusted with plant ash, the vermiculite of 20-30 mesh is added in, is exposed to the sun under daylight 2-3 days after mixing, later will
Compost is put into canister, set fire on scorch 40-60min, kill the microorganisms of the overwhelming majority in compost, it is spare；
(2) it is laid with seedlings nursing plate：Bottom seedlings nursing plate is put into the insert of one layer of sterilizing, and tile one layer of calper calcium peroxide in insert later,
Calper calcium peroxide upper strata spreads the sphagna of one layer of sterilizing later, and compost is added to sphagna top and fills up entire seedlings nursing plate；(3) it broadcasts
Kind：The uncracked ripe bletilla striata capsule fruit pod that current year is raw is taken, surface dirt is removed, is put into flour or agar powder or carbon dust,
5-10 bletilla striata capsule fruit pod is added in per 50g powder, gently peels off, powdered seed therein is poured into flour or agar powder
Or in carbon dust, it is uniformly mixed, flour or agar powder or carbon dust is gently sprinkled into seedlings nursing plate, gently covered with the sphagna after disinfection
On seedlings nursing plate, toward sphagna on spray water so that droplet is overworked on sphagna；(4) it cultivates：By seedlings nursing plate after planting in environment temperature
25 DEG C, envionmental humidity 60% are spent, illumination 16h/d, light intensity 300-1000lx are cultivated 40-60 days, are passed through in cultivating process
Trickle irrigation form is dripped on sphagna, and speed of dropping water is 10-120 drops/min；(5) acclimatization and transplants：Seedling to be cultivated is grown to a 5cm left sides
The right side can start hardening, throw off top sphagna, placing 8h in a natural environment daily, it is continuous place 5-10 days after can will be young
Transplantation of seedlings is to big Tanaka.
4. bletilla striata high-yield planting method under a kind of camellia oleifera lam as claimed in claim 3, which is characterized in that described in step (2)
Insert be konjak gel, konjac sponge, one kind in agar gel.
5. bletilla striata high-yield planting method under a kind of camellia oleifera lam as claimed in claim 3, which is characterized in that in the step (1)
The mass ratio of tea seed cake is 1-2 after the additive amount of vermiculite and fermentation:1.
6. bletilla striata high-yield planting method under a kind of camellia oleifera lam as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that camellia oleifera lam builds process
The middle cultivation for first carrying out tea oil tree and interplanting crops, carries out the transplanting of bletilla striata seedling again later.
7. bletilla striata high-yield planting method under a kind of camellia oleifera lam as described in claim 1 or 6, which is characterized in that every two plants of oil teas
Bletilla seed plant hole is reserved between tree, interplanting crops are planted among tea oil tree and bletilla seed plant hole.
8. bletilla striata high-yield planting method under a kind of camellia oleifera lam as claimed in claim 7, which is characterized in that needed before tea oil tree plantation
Soil conditioning is first carried out, specific operation process is：Excessively drained field is selected as camellia oleifera lam planting area, spreads poultry manure
Organic fertilizer, 1000-2000kg, deep ploughs 0.5-0.8 meters per acre, buries stalk during arable land into ditch dug with a plow, rakes later, sprays
It waters, EM bacterium solution is sprayed in watering proce, the amount of spraying is 1500-2000ml/ mus, and soil stands 1 year later, the second year autumn
Ji Chongxin deep ploughs 0.5-0.8 meters, rakes spray EM bacteria agent later, and the amount of spraying is 1000-2000ml/ mus.
9. bletilla striata high-yield planting method under a kind of camellia oleifera lam as claimed in claim 8, which is characterized in that cave is deep when the bletilla striata is transplanted
30-50cm, the plant base biological organic fertilizer of cave bottom fermentation maturity carry out shop fixtures, with bacillus subtilis solution after having tiled
It irrigates, bacillus subtilis a concentration of 105-106Cfu/ml is 3-4L per cave irrigation volume, by bletilla striata seedling after cave surface parches
In transplanting to cave, bottom tiling topsoil, tile the vermiculite that one layer of granularity is 10-20 mesh later, and thickness 20cm is used again later
Land is tamped.
10. bletilla striata high-yield planting method under a kind of camellia oleifera lam as claimed in claim 9, which is characterized in that bletilla striata seedling replanting
After to crop field first 120-180 days irrigate using high pressure oxygenation irrigate, weekly irrigate 1-2 times, later using common irrigation method into
Row is irrigated.
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