CN103907473B - Spring Melon grafting seedlings-growing method - Google Patents
Spring Melon grafting seedlings-growing method Download PDFInfo
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- CN103907473B CN103907473B CN201410172572.8A CN201410172572A CN103907473B CN 103907473 B CN103907473 B CN 103907473B CN 201410172572 A CN201410172572 A CN 201410172572A CN 103907473 B CN103907473 B CN 103907473B
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Abstract
The invention provides one Melon grafting seedlings-growing method in spring, the absorbing capacity of grafting root system can be strengthened, improve the survival rate of grafting, ensure grafting uniformity and regularity, be convenient to the mechanized operation of commercial seedling.Mainly comprise the steps such as Fruit variety, seeding and seedling raising, grafting, grafting management; Wherein melon variety in being selected from sweet No. one, Fengtian No. 1 or yellow interest be beautiful; Stock is selected from No. one, garden anvil, muskmelon free stock, early raw new Tu Zuo or black seed pumpkin; Double break root graft method is taked in grafting step; In seedling raising process, the extermination of disease and insect pest is adhered to based on cultural control, bionomic control, physical control and biological control, and chemical control is auxiliary principle.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to plant cultivation method, be specifically related to a kind of Melon seedling-cultivating method.
Background technology
Yangtse-huaihe region booth forcing culture in spring Melon is higher because of economic benefit, develops area rapid, has become a kind of planting habit of vegetable grower.But due to cultivated since long, the continuous cropping obstacle such as soil-borne disease, allelochemical has become the bottleneck that muskmelon cause further develops.Tradition grafting utilizes anti-soil-borne disease and the secondary metabolism allelochemical of stock primitive root system, and the fertilizer sucting ability that absorbs water by force, thus can alleviate or stifled exhausted soil-borne disease, as the generation of fusarium wilt, extends Cultivation time; Can also cold hardiness be strengthened, be beneficial to booth forcing culture in spring; Strengthen muskmelon simultaneously and inhale fertile water absorbing capacity, enhancing development, the advantage such as improve the yield and quality, and plays an important role in muskmelon is produced.
But, because the former stock of grafting exists main root, form the growth that apical dominance limits fibrous root, the absorption function of main root is powerful not, and form more bleeding sap during grafting wound healing and easily form the survival rate that projection goose pimples have impact on grafting, in addition, grafting uniformity and regularity is lower also limit its sale as commercial seedling and mechanized operation.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention is to the defect existed for traditional grafting, one Melon grafting seedlings-growing method in spring is provided, the absorbing capacity of grafting root system can be strengthened, improve the survival rate of grafting, ensure grafting uniformity and regularity, be convenient to the mechanized operation of commercial seedling.
For achieving the above object, spring of the present invention Melon grafting seedlings-growing method, comprise the following steps:
A, Fruit variety: during melon variety is selected from sweet No. one, Fengtian No. 1 or yellow interest be beautiful; Stock is selected from No. one, garden anvil, muskmelon free stock, early raw new Tu Zuo or black seed pumpkin;
B, seeding and seedling raising: stock shifts to an earlier date sowing in 5-7 days than scion; First seed shone in the sunlight 1-2 days and often stir; The warm water putting into 55-60 DEG C again scalds kind 1 hour, does not stop to stir; Keep soaking seed in the water temperature of 32-35 DEG C 1-2 days, change 2-3 water, after seed coat is softening, put into tpn or liquor potassic permanganate seed soaking 20 minutes, clear water puts into 30-32 DEG C of incubator vernalization after rinsing 3-4 time; 3-4 days afterwards evenly in program request to the plug seedling substrate or nursery furrow of sterilizing in Nutrition Soil; Cover Small plastic shed after watering vola water, temperature keeps 28 DEG C daytime, is not less than 18 DEG C night; When stock rough leaf grows to 3cm, when scion two panels cotyledon just launches, prepare grafting;
C, double break root graft method: before grafting, suitable shading, temperature controls at 20-25 DEG C, the grafting tools such as grafting bamboo let, blade to be got out before grafting, and with 75% alcohol disinfecting, add with mancozeb 500 times of liquid grafting the previous day and generally make every effort to overcome 1500 times of liquid mixed liquors and spray stocks and scion, until cauline leaf there is gathering of dripping, punch in plug media with 50 hole special-purpose punching devices before grafting, grafting to be inserted after grafting cave dish, employing is completely cured tip cutting connection, 5cm place excision stock root system below stock cotyledon, then growing point is removed, its cotyledonary node is clamped gently with the forefinger of left hand and thumb, the right hand is being parallel to the oblique insertion in cotyledon direction by cutting small bamboo spike in the slope, namely insert to thumb direction from forefinger place, thumb place is just in time arrived for degree with the tip of bamboo let, bamboo let wouldn't be extracted, then muskmelon seedling to be splayed 1 cutter perpendicular to the plumular axis at about 1cm place below cotyledon direction, the long 0.5cm of bevel, extract the bamboo let be inserted in stock, immediately stock is inserted in the muskmelon scion of cutting, tip slightly penetrates stock epidermis, make its inclined-plane downwards and the inclined-plane close proximity of stock socket, cotyledon intersects in cross, then, by rapid for grafting cuttage to being equipped with in cave dish or nutritive cube that seedling medium waters vola water, cuttage about degree of depth 4cm, bassets 1cm for degree with stock cotyledon, and by scion cotyledon towards same direction, and makes cotyledon be unlikely to overlapping and shading, finally the grafting after cuttage is positioned in seedbed immediately,
D, grafting management: after grafting in 6-8 days, ground temperature should be not less than 20 DEG C; Seedbed is built Small plastic shed and covers film, shed film adds shade; Daytime should keep 24-26 DEG C, and night, 20-22 DEG C, stuffy in 2-3 days; After grafting in 3-4 days, the full-time shading of fine day, shortens the shading time gradually later, until not shading completely, suitably ventilates according to weather condition; Should increase ventilation time and number of times after 6-7 days, daytime keeps 22-24 DEG C, and night, 18-20 DEG C, sprayed the chlormequat of 0.5% and the sucrose solution of 1% simultaneously; After grafting about 18 days is field planting optimum period during grafting 2-3 sheet true leaf.
Further, in described double break root graft method step, make every effort to during grafting accomplish " three consistent ", namely bamboo let thickness is hypocotylar consistent with scion, and it is consistent with scion cut angle that bamboo let inserts angle, and the speed that scion is cut is consistent with the speed of grafting.
Further, in described double break root graft method step, notice that the nutrient in Nutrition Soil should reduce over half than traditional grafting method.
Further, in described grafting management process, the axillalry bud grown between stock cotyledon will be erased in time, but can not injure the cotyledon of stock.
Further, in described grafting management process, grafting, then should not be excessively dark during field planting as issued from the edge of a knife root that makes new advances, the edge of a knife ground beyond this point of grafting, answers 2-3cm above ground level, pluck the sprouting that stock sends after field planting at any time.
Advantage applies of the present invention exists:
1, the newborn fibrous root of double break root graft seedling is more than 8 times of traditional grafting fibrous root;
2, double break root graft seedling exceeds 3-5% than traditional grafting survival rate;
3, wound healing place of double break root graft seedling is well identical and level and smooth, few breach, and after field planting, slow seedling is fast;
4, double break root graft seedling regularity and uniformity high, be applicable to mechanized operation;
5, double break root graft seedling is higher than traditional grafting yield per unit area.
Embodiment
Below the specific embodiment of the present invention is described.
Embodiment one:
1, Fruit variety: select to be suitable for the melon variety of extensively cultivating yangtse-huaihe region, as in sweet No. one, Fengtian No. 1, yellow interest be beautiful etc.Stock can select No. one, garden anvil, muskmelon free stock, early raw new Tu Zuo, black seed pumpkin etc., and the Thin Skin Muskmelon Varieties that these stocks and yangtse-huaihe region are extensively cultivated has good compatibility, and has stronger resistance.Above-mentioned kind is commercially available prod;
In the present embodiment, in selection, sweet No. one and No. one, garden anvil are as Grafted Variety;
2, seeding and seedling raising: stock should shift to an earlier date sowing in 5-7 days than scion.First seed is shone 1-2 days in the sunlight, often stir; The warm water putting into 55-60 DEG C again scalds kind 1 hour, does not stop to stir; Keep soaking seed in the water temperature of 32-35 DEG C 1-2 days, change 2-3 water, after seed coat is softening, put into tpn or liquor potassic permanganate seed soaking 20 minutes, clear water puts into 30-32 DEG C of incubator vernalization after rinsing 3-4 time; After 3-4 days, about more than 90% seed is after showing money or valuables one carries unintentionally evenly in program request to the plug seedling substrate or nursery furrow of sterilizing in Nutrition Soil; Cover Small plastic shed after watering vola water, add thermal insulation quilt insulation if desired, keep 28 DEG C daytime, be not less than 18 DEG C night; Young plant is prevented to be with cap to be unearthed.When stock rough leaf grows to 3cm, when scion two panels cotyledon just launches, prepare grafting;
3, double break root graft method: before grafting, suitable shading, temperature controls to be advisable at 20-25 DEG C, the grafting tools such as grafting bamboo let, blade to be got out before grafting, and with 75% alcohol disinfecting, add with mancozeb 500 times of liquid grafting the previous day and generally make every effort to overcome 1500 times of liquid mixed liquors and spray stocks and scion, until cauline leaf there is gathering of dripping, punch in plug media with 50 hole special-purpose punching devices before grafting, grafting to be inserted after grafting cave dish.Employing is completely cured tip cutting connection, 5cm place excision stock root system below stock cotyledon, then growing point is removed, its cotyledonary node is clamped gently with the forefinger of left hand and thumb, the right hand is being parallel to the oblique insertion in cotyledon direction by cutting small bamboo spike in the slope, namely insert to thumb direction from forefinger place, thumb place is just in time arrived for degree with the tip of bamboo let, bamboo let wouldn't be extracted, then muskmelon seedling to be splayed 1 cutter perpendicular to the plumular axis at about 1cm place below cotyledon direction, the long 0.5cm of bevel, extract the bamboo let be inserted in stock, immediately stock is inserted in the muskmelon scion of cutting, tip slightly penetrates stock epidermis, make its inclined-plane downwards and the inclined-plane close proximity of stock socket, cotyledon intersects in cross.Make every effort to during grafting accomplish " three consistent ", namely bamboo let thickness is hypocotylar consistent with scion, and it is consistent with scion cut angle that bamboo let inserts angle, and the speed that scion is cut is consistent with the speed of grafting.Then, by rapid for grafting cuttage to be equipped with seedling medium water vola water cave dish or nutritive cube in; Notice that the nutrient in Nutrition Soil should reduce over half than traditional grafting method, too high nutrient is unfavorable for inducing new root; Tradition seedling medium, its volume ratio is the peat composed of rotten mosses: vermiculite: perlite=5:3:2, and in the present invention, its peat composed of rotten mosses volume should reduce to less than 2.5.Cuttage about degree of depth 4cm, bassets 1cm for degree with stock cotyledon, and by scion cotyledon towards same direction, is convenient to management, and makes cotyledon be unlikely to overlapping and shading.Finally the grafting after cuttage is positioned in seedbed immediately;
4, grafting management: for guaranteeing that grafting has higher survival rate under early spring low temperature, needing to keep higher ground temperature and humidity, being beneficial to stock root of hair and wound healing.Employing with good conditionsi ground hot line improves ground temperature, and grafting lures after root phase and grafting in 6-8 days, and ground temperature should be not less than 20 DEG C.Seedbed is built Small plastic shed and covers film, shed film adds a cover the thing shadings such as thermal insulation quilt.The preference temperature of grafting wound healing is 23-25 DEG C, and the young plant of general firm grafting should keep 24-26 DEG C daytime, night 20-22 DEG C, can be stuffy in 2-3 days, prevent that healing of wound is air-dry affects compatibility.After grafting in 3-4 days, fine day can full-time shading, shortens the shading time gradually later, until not shading completely, suitably ventilates according to weather condition.In general, root pruning and grafting seedling 2-3 days longer than the canopy time of closing of traditional method of plant propagation with cutting, also there will be the phenomenon that stock cotyledon is slightly wilted, as long as but temperature is suitable, and moisturizing is good, can induce the root that makes new advances, wound healing after grafting 5-6 days.For avoiding the excessive growth of melon seedling, ventilation time and number of times should be increased after 6-7 days, suitably reducing temperature, spray the chlormequat of 0.5% and the sucrose solution of 1% simultaneously.Daytime keep 22-24 DEG C, night 18-20 DEG C.As long as bed soil not overdrying, scion, without wilting phenomenon, can not be watered.As watered, suitably can use some bactericide (carbendazim and agricultural streptomycin) and spray water in water, the generation of disease can be prevented.After 1 week slight wilting also can not shading or only at noon high light time hide 1-2 hour, make melon seedling accept natural lighting gradually, fine day all can open covering daytime, and accept natural temperature, night is covering and heat insulating still, to reach the object of hardening.The extermination of disease and insect pest should be adhered to based on cultural control, bionomic control, physical control and biological control, and chemical control is auxiliary principle.After grafting about 18 days is field planting optimum period during grafting 2-3 sheet true leaf.The axillalry bud grown between stock cotyledon will be erased in time, in order to avoid affect scion growth, but the cotyledon of stock can not be injured, grafting is as issued from the edge of a knife root that makes new advances, then lose the prophylaxis effect changing root, for this reason should not be excessively dark during field planting, the edge of a knife ground beyond this point of grafting, answer 2-3cm above ground level, after field planting, pluck the sprouting that stock sends at any time.
Embodiment two: select Fengtian No. 1 and muskmelon free stock as Grafted Variety, operating process is with embodiment one.
Embodiment three: select yellow interest jade and black seed pumpkin as Grafted Variety, operating process is with embodiment one.
After testing, effect of the present invention is as follows:
Can be found by upper table, compared with traditional grafting method, method provided by the present invention, all has a clear superiority in survival rate, grafting regularity and the index such as uniformity, yield per unit area.
Claims (4)
1. spring a Melon grafting seedlings-growing method, comprise the following steps:
A, Fruit variety: during melon variety is selected from sweet No. one, Fengtian No. 1 or yellow interest be beautiful; Stock is selected from No. one, garden anvil, muskmelon free stock, early raw new Tu Zuo or black seed pumpkin;
B, seeding and seedling raising: stock shifts to an earlier date sowing in 5-7 days than scion; First seed shone in the sunlight 1-2 days and often stir; The warm water putting into 55-60 DEG C again scalds kind 1 hour, does not stop to stir; Keep soaking seed in the water temperature of 32-35 DEG C 1-2 days, change 2-3 water, after seed coat is softening, put into tpn or liquor potassic permanganate seed soaking 20 minutes, clear water puts into 30-32 DEG C of incubator vernalization after rinsing 3-4 time; 3-4 days afterwards evenly in program request to the plug seedling substrate or nursery furrow of sterilizing in Nutrition Soil; Cover Small plastic shed after watering vola water, temperature keeps 28 DEG C daytime, is not less than 18 DEG C night; When stock rough leaf grows to 3cm, when scion two panels cotyledon just launches, prepare grafting;
C, double break root graft method: before grafting, suitable shading, temperature controls at 20-25 DEG C, grafting bamboo let, blade to be got out as grafting tool before grafting, and with 75% alcohol disinfecting, add with mancozeb 500 times of liquid grafting the previous day and generally make every effort to overcome 1500 times of liquid mixed liquors and spray stocks and scion, until cauline leaf there is gathering of dripping, punch in plug media with 50 hole special-purpose punching devices before grafting, grafting to be inserted after grafting cave dish, employing is completely cured tip cutting connection, 5cm place excision stock root system below stock cotyledon, then growing point is removed, its cotyledonary node is clamped gently with the forefinger of left hand and thumb, the right hand is being parallel to the oblique insertion in cotyledon direction by cutting small bamboo spike in the slope, namely insert to thumb direction from forefinger place, thumb place is just in time arrived for degree with the tip of bamboo let, bamboo let wouldn't be extracted, then muskmelon seedling to be splayed 1 cutter perpendicular to the plumular axis at about 1cm place below cotyledon direction, the long 0.5cm of bevel, extract the bamboo let be inserted in stock, immediately stock is inserted in the muskmelon scion of cutting, tip slightly penetrates stock epidermis, make its inclined-plane downwards and the inclined-plane close proximity of stock socket, cotyledon intersects in cross, then, by rapid for grafting cuttage to being equipped with in cave dish or nutritive cube that seedling medium waters vola water, cuttage about degree of depth 4cm, bassets 1cm for degree with stock cotyledon, and by scion cotyledon towards same direction, and makes cotyledon be unlikely to overlapping and shading, finally the grafting after cuttage is positioned in seedbed immediately, in described double break root graft method step, notice that the nutrient in Nutrition Soil should reduce over half than traditional grafting method,
D, grafting management: after grafting in 6-8 days, ground temperature should be not less than 20 DEG C; Seedbed is built Small plastic shed and covers film, shed film adds shade; Daytime should keep 24-26 DEG C, and night, 20-22 DEG C, stuffy in 2-3 days; After grafting in 3-4 days, the full-time shading of fine day, shortens the shading time gradually later, until not shading completely, suitably ventilates according to weather condition; Should increase ventilation time and number of times after 6-7 days, daytime keeps 22-24 DEG C, and night, 18-20 DEG C, sprayed the chlormequat of 0.5% and the sucrose solution of 1% simultaneously; After grafting about 18 days is field planting optimum period during grafting 2-3 sheet true leaf.
2. as claimed in claim 1 spring Melon grafting seedlings-growing method, it is characterized in that: in described double break root graft method step, make every effort to during grafting accomplish " three consistent ", namely bamboo let thickness is hypocotylar consistent with scion, it is consistent with scion cut angle that bamboo let inserts angle, and the speed that scion is cut is consistent with the speed of grafting.
3. as claimed in claim 1 spring Melon grafting seedlings-growing method, it is characterized in that: in described grafting management process, the axillalry bud grown between stock cotyledon will be erased in time, but can not injure the cotyledon of stock.
4. as claimed in claim 3 spring Melon grafting seedlings-growing method, it is characterized in that: in described grafting management process, grafting is as issued from the edge of a knife root that makes new advances, then should not be excessively dark during field planting, the edge of a knife ground beyond this point of grafting, answer 2-3cm above ground level, after field planting, pluck the sprouting that stock sends at any time.
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| CN104488490A (en) * | 2014-11-24 | 2015-04-08 | 恩平市蓝海农业科技有限公司 | Method for growing seedlings |
| CN104904502A (en) * | 2015-06-12 | 2015-09-16 | 南京市蔬菜科学研究所 | Method for grating potted seedling cultivation of watermelon in summer |
| CN105284434A (en) * | 2015-11-24 | 2016-02-03 | 全椒县太平农作物幼苗培育专业合作社 | Method for cultivating by grafting pumpkin seedlings with melons |
| CN105900702B (en) * | 2016-04-25 | 2017-04-26 | 广西大学 | Method for improving fertility of tetraploid cucumis melo |
| CN105993627A (en) * | 2016-06-12 | 2016-10-12 | 重庆厚华蔬菜种苗有限公司 | Vegetable-seedling root-breaking-type grafting method |
| CN106234040A (en) * | 2016-07-29 | 2016-12-21 | 桂林实力科技有限公司 | The method for culturing seedlings of Fructus Momordicae charantiae |
| CN106386105A (en) * | 2016-08-31 | 2017-02-15 | 马山盛世生态种养专业合作社 | Muskmelon planting method capable of promoting yield increase |
| CN107211736A (en) * | 2017-06-22 | 2017-09-29 | 安徽健禾农业开发有限公司 | A kind of muskmelon grafting seedlings-growing method |
| CN107094511B (en) * | 2017-07-04 | 2019-05-28 | 西南林业大学 | A kind of stem apex gemmule grafting puncture method |
| CN108575367A (en) * | 2018-04-11 | 2018-09-28 | 南京市蔬菜科学研究所 | A kind of muskmelon grafting seedlings-growing method |
| CN112166851A (en) * | 2020-10-12 | 2021-01-05 | 潍坊郭牌农业科技有限公司 | Grafting seedling method for muskmelon |
| CN114402825A (en) * | 2022-02-10 | 2022-04-29 | 江西省农业科学院园艺研究所 | Cultivation method of thin-skin melon co-stock grafted seedlings |
| CN114847147A (en) * | 2022-06-16 | 2022-08-05 | 兰考坤禾农业开发有限公司 | Standardized grafting seedling raising method for high-sweetness mini-type watermelons |
| CN114982492A (en) * | 2022-06-16 | 2022-09-02 | 兰考坤禾农业开发有限公司 | Rapid grafting seedling raising method for small honeydew melons |
| CN115005029B (en) * | 2022-06-28 | 2024-02-02 | 廊坊市科龙种子有限公司 | Ten-cycle high-yield planting technology for muskmelon greenhouse |
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