CN104272980A - Watermelon seedling obtained through two-stock and dual-splicing grafting and method for growing watermelon seedling obtained through two-stock and dual-splicing grafting - Google Patents
Watermelon seedling obtained through two-stock and dual-splicing grafting and method for growing watermelon seedling obtained through two-stock and dual-splicing grafting Download PDFInfo
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G2/00—Vegetative propagation
- A01G2/30—Grafting
Abstract
The invention belongs to the field of agricultural planting and particularly relates to watermelon seedling obtained through two-stock and dual-splicing grafting and a method for growing the watermelon seedling obtained through two-stock and dual-splicing grafting. The watermelon seedling obtained through two-stock and dual-splicing grafting and the method for growing the watermelon seedling obtained through two-stock and dual-splicing grafting are used for cultivation of grafted watermelon seedlings. The watermelon seedling obtained through two-stock and dual-splicing grafting is characterized in that a watermelon seedling scion is grafted onto a gourd stock in a soil-free grafting mode according to the single-leaf cut-grafting method, and then the gourd stock onto which the watermelon seedling scion is grafted is grafted onto a pumpkin stock on a hole tray in a soil grafting mode according to the single-leaf cut-grafting method. The method for growing the watermelon seedling obtained through two-stock and dual-splicing grafting comprises the steps of selection of the stocks, cultivation of stock seedlings, cultivation of the scion seedling, grafting, and management after grafting. According to the watermelon seedling obtained through two-stock and dual-splicing grafting and the method for growing the watermelon seedling obtained through two-stock and dual-splicing grafting, the problems that autotoxicity is caused by excreta generated by the root system of a gourd seedling when a watermelon seedling scion is grafted onto the gourd seedling simply and the quality and the taste are poor when the watermelon seedling scion is grafted onto a pumpkin seedling simply are solved; meanwhile, the purpose of industrial large-scale production is achieved, production cost is reduced, seedlings which are resistant to diseases, high in yield, capable of bearing good fruits and high in quality are provided for farmers, and benefits are improved for farmers.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to field of agricultural cultivation, be specifically related to that the grafting of a kind of two sections of anvil double applyings obtains watermelon seedling and the method for nursery.
Background technology
Pumpkin is Curcurbitaceae
cucurbitaplant; Cucurbit (bottle gourd) is
curcurbitaceae hois sppplant; Watermelon is Curcurbitaceae
citrullusplant; In plantation watermelon process, in order to avoid the generation of watermelon continuous crop fusarium wilt, solving watermelon can not the problem of continuous cropping, watermelon takes and solves the problems referred to above using pumpkin or cucurbit as the method for stock grafting, but found new problem in recent years, use its root exudates of watermelon of cucurbit (bottle gourd) grafting to create direct impact to watermelon plant strain growth, cause watermelon to expand the later stage in growth, root is suppressed to be caused and absorbs moisture and to consume not and withered; And use the watermelon of pumpkin grafting that the problems such as skin depth taste quality difference easily occur.
Summary of the invention
The invention provides watermelon seedling and the seedling-cultivating method thereof of the grafting of a kind of two sections of anvil double applyings, for the graft seedling growth of watermelon, overcome the deficiency of existing graft seedling growth technology, effectively prevent Grafting watermelon on cucurbit time the cucurbit root system secretion that produces from malicious problem, solve again quality when watermelon uses pumpkin grafting and mouthfeel difference problem.
The watermelon seedling of two sections of anvil double applyings of the present invention grafting, its feature is as root anvil with pumpkin seedling, cucurbit seedling does interstock, watermelon seedling cooks the watermelon seedling that the grafting that will obtain cucurbit anvil seedling grafting obtain by watermelon seedling scion grafting to cucurbit anvil seedling again to pumpkin anvil seedling is passed through in scion, its grafting method used is first taking from native grafting method grafting on cucurbit anvil seedling as the single leaf cut-grafting method of scion watermelon seedling, and then grafting is had the cucurbit anvil seedling of watermelon scion with not adopting on the pumpkin anvil seedling of single leaf cut-grafting method grafting on the dish of cave from native grafting method.
A nursery breeding method for the watermelon seedling of two sections of anvil double applyings grafting, is characterized in comprising following step: the cultivation d of the selection b of a, stock, the cultivation c of rootstock seedling, scion seedling, grafting and managing after grafting; Its particular content is as follows:
The selection of a, stock: first stock will select the kind of anti-soil-transmitted disease; Next be with Grafting watermelon after easily survive, again can the stock of normal growth after surviving; Finally that fruit quality that after grafting survival, plant is tied is unaffected or affect little stock variety;
The cultivation of b, rootstock seedling: comprise (1) presoaking and germinating, (2) are sowed: control the sowing time, make grafting time corresponding, to make an inventory sowing to the pumpkin seedling cave as root anvil; The cucurbit seedling of interstock select to broadcast sowing or program request on seedbed; (3) seedling management: when the true leaf of rootstock seedling after 13 ~ 15 days is carried out as grafting optimum period;
The cultivation of c, scion seedling: watermelon is slender to be broadcast or be sown on seedbed and cultivate, and the watermelon seedling as scion seedling has just expanded into suitable with cotyledon;
D, grafting and managing after grafting: to the instrument used and disinfecting soil before grafting, the environment of suitable beneficial grafting is selected to operate, be from native grafting as the watermelon seedling of scion and the cucurbit seedling of interstock, the pumpkin seedling grown as root anvil in the dish of cave adopts not from native grafting, first the scion of watermelon seedling with the grafting of single leaf cut-grafting method on cucurbit anvil seedling, again the cucurbit anvil seedling of watermelon scion in grafting with the grafting of single leaf cut-grafting method on cushaw root anvil seedling, need within 8 ~ 10 days, restore normal growth after grafting, prevent interstock from taking root or transfer interface contact soil generation adventive root; Wherein said instrument is the blade and the Grafting clip that connect grafting, and the environment of suitable beneficial grafting refers to the environment survived without direct sunlight, applicable seedling that is warm, leeward and high humidity.
In order to improve grafting efficiency and success rate, can preferential following methods in operating process: Pumpkin Seed room temperature seed soaking about 3h during vernalization, germination temperature is 25 DEG C ~ 28 DEG C, sorts out sowing during long about the 2mm of bud; Cucurbit seed first uses the having one's hair waved kind of 55-60 DEG C, and seed is poured into water rear continuous stirring, and naturally cool when water is down to 30 DEG C, then soak seed 24 ~ 36h at normal temperatures, and wash 2 ~ 3 times by rubbing with the hands.Dry transepidermal water and mucus after pulling out, germination temperature is 25 DEG C ~ 30 DEG C; Grafting optimum period, selects cucurbit seedling age 20 days, grafting during pumpkin seedling age 15 days; Described stock variety is: long bottle gourd (hois spp), circle bottle gourd (hois spp), root grace (Cucurbita); Described referring to soil disinfection uses zineb 800 times of liquid or tpn 1000 times of liquid bactericidal agents to spray seedbeds, and discharge rate is uniformly distributed seedbed with liquid and is advisable;
For the ease of efficient large-scale production, during sowing, seedbed is hotbed or substitutes seedbed with the cave dish that medium is housed.
The invention has the beneficial effects as follows not only solve single grafting on cucurbit time the cucurbit root system secretion that produces from malicious problem and single grafting at pumpkin time quality and mouthfeel difference problem; achieved the object of industrially scalableization production by the inventive method simultaneously; reduce production cost; for peasant provides disease-resistant; high yield; the seedling that the good quality of result is high, improves the income of peasant.
figure of description
Fig. 1 is the watermelon seedling structural representation after grafting of the present invention.
Embodiment
Accompanying drawings is equipped with in the cave dish 5 of medium 4 the pumpkin seedling 1 of planting as root anvil, watermelon seedling 3 as scion adopts from native grafting method grafting as on the cucurbit seedling 2 of interstock by single leaf cut-grafting method, and then grafting is had the cucurbit seedling 2 of watermelon scion with not adopting on the pumpkin seedling 1 of single leaf cut-grafting method grafting in cave dish 5 from native grafting method, grafting procedures can machine so that the mode of continuous productive process is disposable according to operation above.
The specific embodiment of the present invention and step as follows:
The selection of 1 stock and scion 1.1 stock
Whether anti-soil propagates disease, i.e. watermelon blight to select stock first will consider; Easily survive after its secondary selection and Grafting watermelon, again can the stock of normal growth after surviving; Finally that the fruit quality that after grafting survival, plant is tied is unaffected.Current Experimental Base is Xiuqian City of Jiangsu Province, and in production, widely used stock variety has: long bottle gourd (hois spp), circle bottle gourd (hois spp), root grace (Cucurbita).
The cultivation of 1.2 stocks, scion seedling
Grafting part is mainly hypocotyl, therefore to cultivate hypocotyl be the key improving graft survival rate sturdy, that cotyledon is fully carried out, lobus cardiacus is unfolded strong sprout.Due to the difference of stock kind and grafting method, the breeding method of stock and scion seedling is also different.
1.2.1 the cultivation of rootstock seedling
(1) presoaking and germinating.Pumpkin Seed seed coat is thinner, easily absorbs water, and seed sprouting is fast and neat, usual room temperature seed soaking about 3h, 25 ~ 28 DEG C of temperature vernalization, sorts out sowing during long about the 2mm of bud.Cucurbit seed seed coat is thicker, water suction difficulty, and seed germination is comparatively slow, sprouts irregular, must take measures to improve the germination rate of cucurbit seed: one is the strict temperature controlling to germinate, and germination temperature is 25 ~ 30 DEG C, strictly must not control high temperature vernalization, prevents the vexed kind of high temperature.Two is abundant seed soaking, first uses the having one's hair waved kind of 55-60 DEG C, and seed is poured into water rear continuous stirring, and naturally cool when water is down to 30 DEG C, then soak seed 24 ~ 36h at normal temperatures, and wash 2 ~ 3 times by rubbing with the hands.Dry transepidermal water and mucus after pulling out, spread vernalization in the electric blanket regulated and controled with temperature controller or germinating box.
(2) sow.Point disk seedling growing carries out precision drilling with the mixing such as the peat composed of rotten mosses, vermiculite, perlite lightweight material for seedling medium in 50 ~ 54 holes dishes, is the Novel seedling raising technology in quickly breeding high-quality strong sprout.This technology has simplification operation, improves breeding efficiency; Improve planting percent, save cost; Disease and pest control is propagated; The mode of grafting is not from native grafting in the dish of stock cave.Be that stock and scion seedling are all pulled up by seed tray or seedbed from native grafting, carry out grafting, after grafting, field planting is in nutritive cube.Not not that stock is directly cultivated in seedling-cultivating tray from native grafting, by direct for scion grafting on stock.During sowing, scion and interstock are from native grafting, can broadcast sowing in seed tray or seedbed.Root anvil adopts not from native grafting, then program request in seedling culture hole plate, every bunch planting chitting piece one; Also first can adopt and broadcast sowing, until stock after 13 ~ 15 days true leaf carry out as grafting optimum period.
(3) seedling management.Stock seed should keep flat, and earthing is corresponding to be thickened.Particularly cucurbit seed, sowed shallow easy band shell and was unearthed, suitably should thicken earthing.Other manage same watermelon seedling culturing.First 1 day of grafting, rootstock seedling should control to water, in order to avoid crisp and easy splitting crossed by plumular axis during grafting, reduces planting percent.
1.2.2 the cultivation of scion seedling
When adopting pith-cambium grafting method, scion seedling has just been carried out with cotyledon and has been advisable.During grafting, the edge of a knife should be large, and make the plumular axis of watermelon seedling and stock plumular axis interface size relatively, convenient operation, was advisable with the rough leaf phase of carrying out.
Many employings drilling or the broadcast sowing during sowing of scion watermelon, preferably broadcasts in seedling-cultivating tray, is conducive to the humidity grasping nutrient matrix like this, and conveniently moving, be convenient to management.Before sowing, nutrient matrix is watered permeable, above being evenly sprinkling upon through the seed of presoaking and germinating, covering the thick matrix of 1 ~ 2cm and add a cover mulch film.
Seedbed management measure is with watermelon seedling culturing part.Before grafting 1 ~ 2 day, suitably ventilate, carry out hardening to improve the adaptive capacity of seedling.For ease of operation, within first 1 day, can water in grafting and make grafting tall and straight.
The date of seeding of 1.3 stocks, scion
For making stock and the scion suitable phase of transferring meet, regulated by seedtime.When adopting pith-cambium grafting method, stock should shift to an earlier date scion sowing in 6 ~ 7 days, and stock and the scion optimum period when grafting can be made to meet.
Need certain healing after Grafting watermelon, become live time, need within 8 ~ 10 days, just can restore normal growth after general grafting, the weather conditions of concrete grafting optimum period and various places, the structure of seedling bed, heat-insulating property are relevant.The suitable grafting period of general plastic house straw screen or mat cultivation is mid-January, and stock be that scion sowing time is early January to early January late December in the year before last sowing time; General open country Small plastic shed cultivation grafting time is mid-March, and the sowing time of stock is late Febuary, and the date of seeding of scion is that late Febuary is to early March.
2 seedbeds and grafting 2.1 seedbed
Watermelon growing needs higher temperature, and graft seedling growth under early spring cryogenic conditions, can not adopt general cold bed, good heat insulating must be adopted, light transmission is good, the greenhouse by solar heat of the larger convenient operation in space or booth, and adopts multilayer to cover to create the successful basic environment of suitable grafting.
Because illumination condition in early spring is good, booth, greenhouse by solar heat use comparatively general, can arrange electric seed bed heater and cultivate Grafted Watermelon Seedlings, arrange wide 1.65m in booth or greenhouse by solar heat, and Grafted Watermelon Seedlings cultivated by the electric seed bed heater of high about 0.8m.This method high insulating effect, therefore can sow in advance and carry out grafting is booth, two-membrane process cultivates the main method that grafting used is cultivated.
After seedbed is ready to, carry out disinfection with bactericidal agents such as zineb 800 times of liquid, tpn 1000 times of liquid the previous day in sowing or grafting, discharge rate is evenly distributed with liquid and is advisable.
2.2 grafting tool
Blade: the double-edged razor blade of namely shaving, longitudinally into two pieces during use.To change in time when blade cut is unfavorable, in order to avoid otch is uneven, affect surviving of grafting.Grafting clip: in order to make stock engage with the tangent plane of scion during grafting, in grafting part plastic cement grafting clip clamping.When using old plastic clip, should with medicament or boiling water immersion carry out disinfection in advance.
2.3 grafting method
Inarching method is the grafting that application is more general at present, and this method is easy to operate, and survival rate is high, and healing rate is fast.Its grafting operation program is: when scion ages l0-12 day, 6-7 centimetres, plumular axis, stock seedling age 8-10 days, embryo attenuating 5-6 centimetres, can lifting grafting, and seedling at this moment, vitality is strong, and after grafting, healing is fast, and survival rate is high. be best grafting time.The cutting of rootstock seedling: by the seedling tripped out, first remove growing point.If cut 1 cotyledon simultaneously, this method is referred to as Monocotyledon approach grafting method; 2 cotyledons are stayed to be referred to as dicotyledonous inarching method.Position ion phyllopodium 1 cm of combined mouth is most suitable.During lower cutter, from top to bottom about 45.Angle incision plumular axis 1/3 slightly more, when cutting combined mouth, a cutter is answered down to switch to suitable place, the edge of a knife should not move around. otherwise the conducting tissue of stem stalk can be destroyed and affect wound healing, being lowered into motility rate, after stock, scion are all cut, being bonded together with being about to the two, clamped with Grafting clip, local common people are also called cut-grafting method or pith-cambium grafting method.
Grafting should carrying out without direct sunlight, place (in plastic cement booth, greenhouse) that is warm, leeward and high humidity.If the necessary shading of fine day, after preventing direct sunlight from causing stock and the dehydration of scion otch, seedling is wilted, and affects graft survival rate.During grafting, environmental temperature should remain on 26 ~ 28 DEG C, and high humility is conducive to the healing of grafting wound.Pumpkin rootstock disease resistance is strong, growing way is prosperous, low temperature resistant, but stock affinity is poor, and graft survival rate is low, and fruit quality is poor; And cucurbit anvil affinity is comparatively strong, disease resistance and lower temperature resistance are not so good as pumpkin anvil, but on watermelon quality without impact.Adopt two sections of graftings, combine the advantage of two kinds of stocks, both improve disease resistance, lower temperature resistance, do not affected fruit quality again.
Two sections of grafting concrete operations make root anvil with pumpkin anvil, and cucurbit anvil makes interstock, and watermelon seedling does scion.First scion seedling with the grafting of single leaf cut-grafting method on cucurbit anvil seedling, then the cucurbit anvil seedling of watermelon scion in grafting with the grafting of single leaf pith-cambium grafting method on pumpkin.
The main points of two sections of graftings are: 1. cucurbit anvil was than pumpkin rootstock early sowing 5 ~ 7 days.Cucurbit seedling age 20 days, grafting during pumpkin seedling age 15 days, controls moisture between nursery stage, makes plumular axis sturdy.2. grafting tool and soil answer thorough disinfection, prevent disease infestation.3. prevent interstock from taking root, do not make to transfer interface contact soil generation adventive root.
The field planting management of 3 graftings
The field planting management technology of Grafted Watermelon Seedlings with grafting is substantially not identical, but changes to some extent because of the fertility of grafting and physiological property, therefore should take corresponding cultivation management technology, the effect of increasing production and improying productivity of competence exertion grafting cultivation.
3.1 density
Grafting is vigorous compared with own-rooted tree growing way, main climing longer, and side shoot is sprouted fast, therefore planting density comparatively own-rooted tree should suitably reduce, and to prune in time.
3.2 rich water quality management
Grafting is due to well developed root system, and absorption ability of nutrient is strong, and base manure and seedling stage topdress as excessive, easily occur over growth, affects the appearance of female flower, postpones bear fruit or occur the inferior watermelon of pachydermia.Therefore the consumption that should suitably reduce base manure and topdress seedling stage, generally comparatively own-rooted tree can reduce 20%, seedling stage can not topdress, and then should grasp flexibly according to the growing way of plant after bearing fruit.In water management, because grafting root system is shallow compared with watermelon own-rooted tree, therefore drought resistance is not as good as own-rooted tree.When later stage high temperature and drought, as insufficient water, rattan leaf is easily wilted, therefore should strengthen the rich water quality management in later stage.
3.3 the extermination of disease and insect pest
Two sections of anvil grafting cultivations are to prevent soil-transmitted disease, mainly watermelon blight and root exudates, but the very important control to other damage by disease and insect.In addition, should invade from other positions by anti-bacteria in advance aborning, as when training is pruned, reduce wound as far as possible, and make wound not in contact with the ground; Greenhouse cultivation is not generally kept down the vines of a creeping plant, and adopts bright platen press when outdoor cropping is kept down the vines of a creeping plant, and to prevent, stem is climing contacts generation adventive root with soil, and pre-anti-bacteria invades watermelon plant from position of keeping down the vines of a creeping plant, and causes the generation of fusarium wilt.
The present invention can carry out an invention in any place when condition meets, not because of in embodiment to the regional condition of Experimental Base, the citing of the natural conditions such as time in season and weather and as the restrictive condition of enforcement of the present invention.
Claims (4)
1. the watermelon seedling of two sections of anvil double applyings grafting, it is characterized in that with pumpkin seedling as root anvil, cucurbit seedling does interstock, watermelon seedling do scion by by watermelon seedling scion grafting to cucurbit anvil seedling again by watermelon seedling that obtained cucurbit anvil seedling grafting obtains to pumpkin anvil seedling, wherein grafting refers to and first the single leaf cut-grafting method of watermelon seedling scion is adopted from native grafting method grafting on cucurbit anvil seedling, and then grafting is had the cucurbit anvil seedling of watermelon scion with not adopting on the pumpkin anvil seedling of single leaf cut-grafting method grafting on the dish of cave from native grafting method.
2. a breeding method for the watermelon seedling of two sections of anvil double applyings grafting, is characterized in comprising following step: the cultivation d of the selection b of a, stock, the cultivation c of rootstock seedling, scion seedling, grafting and managing after grafting; Its particular content is as follows:
The selection of a, stock:
First stock will select the kind of anti-soil-transmitted disease; Next be with Grafting watermelon after easily survive, again can the stock of normal growth after surviving; Finally that fruit quality that after grafting survival, plant is tied is unaffected or affect little stock variety;
The cultivation of b, rootstock seedling:
Comprise (1) presoaking and germinating, (2) are sowed: control the sowing time, make grafting time corresponding, to make an inventory sowing to the pumpkin seedling cave as root anvil; The cucurbit seedling of interstock select to broadcast sowing or program request on seedbed; (3) seedling management: when the true leaf of rootstock seedling after 13 ~ 15 days is carried out as grafting optimum period;
The cultivation of c, scion seedling:
Watermelon is slender to be broadcast or is sown on seedbed and cultivate, and the watermelon seedling as scion seedling has just expanded into suitable with cotyledon;
D, grafting and managing after grafting:
To the instrument used and disinfecting soil before grafting, the environment of suitable beneficial grafting is selected to operate, be from native grafting as the watermelon seedling of scion and the cucurbit seedling of interstock, the pumpkin seedling grown as root anvil in the dish of cave adopts not from native grafting, first the scion of watermelon seedling with the grafting of single leaf cut-grafting method on cucurbit anvil seedling, again the cucurbit anvil seedling of watermelon scion in grafting with the grafting of single leaf cut-grafting method on cushaw root anvil seedling, need within 8 ~ 10 days, restore normal growth after grafting, prevent interstock from taking root or transfer interface contact soil generation adventive root; Wherein said instrument comprises the blade and Grafting clip that connect grafting, and the environment of suitable beneficial grafting refers to the environment survived without direct sunlight, applicable seedling that is warm, leeward and high humidity.
3. the seedling-cultivating method of the watermelon seedling of two sections of anvil double applyings grafting according to claim 2, Pumpkin Seed room temperature seed soaking about 3h when it is characterized in that vernalization, germination temperature is 25 DEG C ~ 28 DEG C, sorts out sowing during long about the 2mm of bud; Cucurbit seed first uses the having one's hair waved kind of 55-60 DEG C, and seed is poured into water rear continuous stirring, and naturally cool when water is down to 30 DEG C, then soak seed 24 ~ 36h at normal temperatures, and wash 2 ~ 3 times by rubbing with the hands, dries transepidermal water and mucus after pulling out, and germination temperature is 25 DEG C ~ 30 DEG C; Grafting optimum period, selects cucurbit seedling age 20 days, grafting during pumpkin seedling age 15 days; Described stock variety is: long bottle gourd (hois spp), circle bottle gourd (hois spp), root grace (Cucurbita); Described referring to soil disinfection uses zineb 800 times of liquid or tpn 1000 times of liquid bactericidal agents to spray seedbeds, and discharge rate is uniformly distributed seedbed with liquid and is advisable.
4. the seedling-cultivating method of the watermelon seedling of two sections of anvil double applyings grafting according to Claims 2 or 3, is characterized in that described seedbed is hotbed or substitutes seedbed with the cave dish that medium is housed.
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| CN108668663A (en) * | 2018-04-02 | 2018-10-19 | 山东伟丽种苗有限公司 | The unifacial leaf method of plant propagation with cutting |
| CN108522055A (en) * | 2018-05-22 | 2018-09-14 | 山东伟丽种苗有限公司 | A kind of Grafting watermelon method |
| CN109121781A (en) * | 2018-08-16 | 2019-01-04 | 四川农业大学 | A kind of Grafting watermelon method |
| CN111108933A (en) * | 2019-12-09 | 2020-05-08 | 上海曹野农业发展有限公司 | Cultivation method of ornamental pumpkin complex |
| CN113141896A (en) * | 2021-04-21 | 2021-07-23 | 宁夏农林科学院园艺研究所(宁夏设施农业工程技术研究中心) | Watermelon interstock grafting method |
| CN113141896B (en) * | 2021-04-21 | 2023-09-22 | 宁夏农林科学院园艺研究所(宁夏设施农业工程技术研究中心) | Watermelon interstock grafting method |
| CN114431014A (en) * | 2022-01-26 | 2022-05-06 | 广东省农业科学院设施农业研究所 | Low-carbon light simplified grafting type grafting method independent of high-humidity healing |
| CN114431014B (en) * | 2022-01-26 | 2023-03-03 | 广东省农业科学院设施农业研究所 | Low-carbon light simplified grafting type grafting method independent of high-humidity healing |
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