CN113141896B - Watermelon interstock grafting method - Google Patents
Watermelon interstock grafting method Download PDFInfo
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- CN113141896B CN113141896B CN202110427330.9A CN202110427330A CN113141896B CN 113141896 B CN113141896 B CN 113141896B CN 202110427330 A CN202110427330 A CN 202110427330A CN 113141896 B CN113141896 B CN 113141896B
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G2/00—Vegetative propagation
- A01G2/30—Grafting
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/05—Fruit crops, e.g. strawberries, tomatoes or cucumbers
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- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Developmental Biology & Embryology (AREA)
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Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of grafting, in particular to a watermelon interstock grafting method. Which comprises the following steps: selecting scion watermelons, intermediate grafting stocks and stock seedlings for grafting roots for later use; grafting the scion watermelon in the middle, obtaining an intermediate stock grafting scion after grafting, and performing second grafting after healing after 3-5 days of grafting in the first step; the direction of the grafting scion incision of the intermediate stock is matched with that of the stock incision for grafting roots, and the grafting roots are clamped by a grafting clamp; the root of the intermediate grafting stock is cut before field planting, and then the root of the stock for grafting the root is planted in soil.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of grafting, in particular to a watermelon interstock grafting method.
Background
Watermelon is an important high-efficiency horticultural crop in China, and plays a great role in promoting farmers to increase income and meeting the increasing melon and fruit demands of people. In recent years, continuous cropping obstacles in watermelon cultivation are increasingly serious, particularly under the condition of facility cultivation, soil-borne diseases such as fusarium wilt and the like are aggravated, normal growth of watermelon plants is affected, and accordingly yield and quality are reduced, development of watermelon industry is hindered, and watermelon grafting is an effective production technical measure for overcoming the problems, so that the method is widely applied to watermelon production;
at present, the application of the intermediate stock to watermelons is not yet studied at home and abroad, and in order to change the survival rate and quality of watermelons, a watermelon intermediate stock grafting method is needed to overcome the defects in the prior art.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a watermelon interstock grafting method for solving the problems in the background technology.
In order to achieve the aim, the invention provides a watermelon interstock grafting method, which comprises the following steps:
step one: selecting scion watermelons, intermediate grafting stocks and stock seedlings for grafting roots for later use;
step two: when the intermediate grafting stock breaks the soil, sowing the scion watermelon, taking the scion cotyledons just unfolded until the cotyledons are flattened as a grafting proper period, obtaining an intermediate stock grafting scion after grafting, and carrying out second-step grafting after healing of 3-5 days of the first-step grafting;
step three: removing growing points of the stock for the grafting root before grafting, cutting a notch on the embryo stem below the cotyledon, enabling the direction of the notch of the grafting scion of the intermediate stock to be opposite to that of the notch of the stock for the grafting root, enabling the length of the notch to be identical to that of the stock, enabling the two notches to be identical, and clamping by using a grafting clamp;
step four: cutting off the root of the intermediate grafting stock before field planting, and then field planting the root of the grafting stock into soil.
As a further improvement of the technical scheme, in the first step, the intermediate grafting stock is a wild watermelon variety with improved characters, has the characteristics of strong disease resistance and affinity, and improves the survival rate and quality of watermelons.
As a further improvement of the technical scheme, in the first step, the stock for grafting roots is a pumpkin or cucurbit stock variety, and has the effects of continuous cropping resistance and wilt resistance.
As a further improvement of the technical scheme, in the second step, the specific grafting operation of the intermediate grafting stock comprises the following steps:
s1, cutting true leaves and growing points of an intermediate anvil by a blade during grafting;
s2, obliquely puncturing and punching along the inner epidermis of the embryo stem from the basal veins of the right cotyledon to the lower side of the left cotyledon at an angle of 45-60 degrees by using bamboo sticks;
s3, cutting an inclined plane at a position 1 cm below the cotyledon of the watermelon by using a blade, and then inserting the scion into the stock hole;
s4, the scion inclined surface faces downwards during insertion.
As a further improvement of the technical scheme, in the second step, the scion watermelon is subjected to plug seedling alone, and in the third step, the intermediate grafting stock and the grafting root stock are subjected to plug seedling together, namely, one row of intermediate stock and one row of root stock are subjected to seedling arrangement, so that the second step of abutting operation and nutrition supply in a seedling recovery period are facilitated.
As a further improvement of the technical scheme, in the second step, the distance between two grafting wounds is 2-3cm.
As a further improvement of the technical scheme, in the third step, the heights of hypocotyls of the stock for grafting roots and the intermediate stock grafted scion are required to be appropriate, the root stock grafted stock grows seedlings later, and the time is 6-7 days later than that of the scion.
As a further improvement of the technical scheme, in the third step, a 30-degree angle incision is formed on the embryo stem 1 cm below the cotyledon, and the length is 0.5-0.7 cm.
In the third step, after the grafting roots are completely combined by the interfaces of the stock grafting for 7-10 days, the scion embryo stems grafted by the intermediate stock are cut off below the interfaces.
As a further improvement of the technical scheme, in the third step, the scion stem is pinched by hand 1 day before the scion embryo stem is cut off, and the vascular bundle part is destroyed, so that seedlings are basically not recovered after root cutting.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
in the method, the wild watermelon stock variety with strong disease resistance and affinity is taken as an intermediate grafting stock by combining the excellent characteristics of single stock grafting and self-rooted seedling, and white seed pumpkin and cucurbit are taken as a grafting stock for grafting roots, so that the method has the regulation and control effects on the growth and development of watermelons, the fruit quality and the like, and the survival rate and the quality of watermelons are improved.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is an overall flowchart of example 1.
Detailed Description
The following description of the embodiments of the present invention will be made clearly and completely with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which it is apparent that the embodiments described are only some embodiments of the present invention, but not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the invention.
Example 1 a watermelon interstock grafting method comprising:
1. grafting scion, intermediate stock and root stock selection
The method is characterized in that scion watermelons, intermediate grafting stocks and stock for grafting roots are selected for seedling cultivation, the scion watermelons are subjected to plug seedling cultivation independently, the intermediate grafting stocks and the stock for grafting roots are subjected to plug seedling cultivation simultaneously, the seedling cultivation is carried out on one row of intermediate stocks and one row of root stocks, the second step of abutting operation and nutrition supply in a seedling reviving period are facilitated, the intermediate grafting stocks are wild watermelon varieties with improved characters, the disease resistance and the affinity are high, the survival rate and the quality of watermelons are improved, the stock for grafting roots is a pumpkin stock variety, and the effects of continuous cropping resistance and blight resistance are achieved.
2. Grafting of intermediate stock
(1) The top plugging method comprises the following steps: when the intermediate grafting stock breaks the earth, sowing the scion watermelon, taking the extension of scion cotyledon just to flattening the cotyledon as grafting proper period, firstly cutting off the true leaves and growing points of the intermediate grafting stock by a blade, punching holes along the oblique thorns of the inner surface of the embryo stem from the leaf vein of the base of the right side cotyledon to the lower side of the cotyledon by a bamboo stick at an angle of 45-60 degrees, taking care of not puncturing the outer surface of the embryo stem at the lower part of the left side cotyledon, cutting a bevel at a position 1 cm below the cotyledon of the watermelon by the blade, then inserting the scion into a stock hole, and enabling the scion bevel to face downwards when the scion cotyledon and the stock cotyledon to cross in a cross shape.
(2) And (3) after healing for 3-5 days, performing second grafting, wherein the distance between two grafting wounds is 2-3cm.
3. Root stock grafting
The abutting method comprises the following steps: the method comprises the steps of requiring a stock for grafting roots and the hypocotyl height of an intermediate stock grafting scion obtained after the first step of grafting, raising seedlings of the stock for grafting roots later, and taking up 6-7 days later than the scion, removing growing points of the stock for grafting roots before the second step of grafting, cutting a 30-degree angle incision on an embryo stem 1 cm below cotyledon, and having a length of 0.5-0.7 cm, wherein the direction of the intermediate stock grafting scion incision is opposite to that of the stock for grafting roots, the incision length is identical to that of the stock, then enabling the two incisions to coincide, clamping by a grafting clamp, pinching the intermediate stock grafting scion stem below the interface after the interface is completely combined for 7-10 days, pinching the scion stem by hand 1 day before cutting the intermediate stock grafting scion stem, destroying a vascular bundle part of the intermediate stock grafting scion, and keeping the seedling basically unharmed after the root cutting.
4. Planting
(1) Cutting off the root of the intermediate grafting stock before field planting.
(2) And (3) planting the root of the stock for grafting the root into soil.
Example 2 a watermelon interstock grafting method comprising:
1. grafting scion, intermediate stock and root stock selection
The method is characterized in that scion watermelons, intermediate grafting stocks and stock for grafting roots are selected for seedling cultivation, the scion watermelons are subjected to plug seedling cultivation independently, the intermediate grafting stocks and the stock for grafting roots are subjected to plug seedling cultivation simultaneously, the seedling cultivation is carried out on one row of intermediate stocks and one row of root stocks, the second step of abutting operation and nutrition supply in a seedling reviving period are facilitated, the intermediate grafting stocks are wild watermelon varieties with improved characters, the disease resistance and the affinity are high, the survival rate and the quality of watermelons are improved, the stock for grafting roots is a cucurbit stock variety, and the effects of continuous cropping resistance and blight resistance are achieved.
2. Grafting of intermediate stock
(1) The top plugging method comprises the following steps: when the intermediate grafting stock breaks the earth, sowing the scion watermelon, taking the extension of scion cotyledon just to flattening the cotyledon as grafting proper period, firstly cutting off the true leaves and growing points of the intermediate grafting stock by a blade, punching holes along the oblique thorns of the inner surface of the embryo stem from the leaf vein of the base of the right side cotyledon to the lower side of the cotyledon by a bamboo stick at an angle of 45-60 degrees, taking care of not puncturing the outer surface of the embryo stem at the lower part of the left side cotyledon, cutting a bevel at a position 1 cm below the cotyledon of the watermelon by the blade, then inserting the scion into a stock hole, and enabling the scion bevel to face downwards when the scion cotyledon and the stock cotyledon to cross in a cross shape.
(2) And (3) after healing for 3-5 days, performing second grafting, wherein the distance between the two grafting wounds is preferably 2-3cm.
3. Root stock grafting
The abutting method comprises the following steps: the method comprises the steps of requiring a stock for grafting roots and the hypocotyl height of an intermediate stock grafting scion obtained after the first step of grafting, raising seedlings of the stock for grafting roots later, and taking up 6-7 days later than the scion, removing growing points of the stock for grafting roots before the second step of grafting, cutting a 30-degree angle incision on an embryo stem 1 cm below cotyledon, and having a length of 0.5-0.7 cm, wherein the direction of the intermediate stock grafting scion incision is opposite to that of the stock for grafting roots, the incision length is identical to that of the stock, then enabling the two incisions to coincide, clamping by a grafting clamp, pinching the intermediate stock grafting scion stem below the interface after the interface is completely combined for 7-10 days, pinching the scion stem by hand 1 day before cutting the intermediate stock grafting scion stem, destroying a vascular bundle part of the intermediate stock grafting scion, and keeping the seedling basically unharmed after the root cutting.
4. Planting
(1) Cutting off the root of the intermediate grafting stock before field planting.
(2) And (3) planting the root of the stock for grafting the root into soil.
Comparative example 1 a method of grafting watermelons comprising:
1. grafting scion, root stock selection
The seedling cultivation method comprises the steps of selecting scion watermelons and grafting roots for seedling cultivation by using a stock, and performing independent plug seedling cultivation on the scion watermelons and the grafting roots by using the stock, wherein the stock for the grafting roots is a pumpkin stock variety, and the seedling cultivation method has the effects of continuous cropping resistance and blight resistance.
2. Root stock grafting
The method is characterized in that the heights of the stock for grafting roots and the hypocotyl of the scion watermelon are required to be appropriate, the stock for grafting roots is used for culturing seedlings later, the time is about 6-7 days later than that of scion seedlings, the growing point of the stock for grafting roots is removed before grafting in the second step, a 30-degree angle incision is cut on the embryo stem 1 cm below cotyledons, the length of the incision is 0.5-0.7 cm, the incision direction of the scion watermelon is opposite to that of the stock for grafting roots, the incision length is the same as that of the stock, then the two incisions are matched, the stock is clamped by a grafting clamp, and the scion watermelon embryo stem is cut off below an interface after the interface is completely combined for 7-10 days.
3. Planting
And (3) planting the root of the stock for grafting the root into soil.
Comparative example 2 a method of grafting watermelons comprising:
1. grafting scion, root stock selection
The seedling cultivation method comprises the steps of selecting scion watermelons and grafting roots for seedling cultivation by using a stock, and performing independent plug seedling cultivation on the scion watermelons and the grafting roots by using the stock, wherein the stock for the grafting roots is a cucurbit stock variety, and the seedling cultivation method has the effects of continuous cropping resistance and blight resistance.
2. Root stock grafting
The method is characterized in that the heights of the stock for grafting roots and the hypocotyl of the scion watermelon are required to be appropriate, the stock for grafting roots is used for culturing seedlings later, the time is about 6-7 days later than that of scion seedlings, the growing point of the stock for grafting roots is removed before grafting in the second step, a 30-degree angle incision is cut on the embryo stem 1 cm below cotyledons, the length of the incision is 0.5-0.7 cm, the incision direction of the scion watermelon is opposite to that of the stock for grafting roots, the incision length is the same as that of the stock, then the two incisions are matched, the stock is clamped by a grafting clamp, and the scion watermelon embryo stem is cut off below an interface after the interface is completely combined for 7-10 days.
3. Planting
And (3) planting the root of the stock for grafting the root into soil.
In the watermelon interstock grafting method provided by the invention, the survival rate of watermelon is higher, the quality is better, the survival rate is greatly related to the grafting step of the added interstock, and in order to verify the related technical scheme, the applicant performs the following test:
comparative example 1: by adopting the method of example 1, in the case that the stock for grafting roots is pumpkin, the grafting step of the intermediate stock is removed, and the relevant indexes of the watermelons are detected, specifically shown in table 1:
TABLE 1
| Survival rate (%) | Maturation time (Tian) | Sugar content (%) | Moisture content (%) | |
| Example 1 | 98.9 | 28 | 13.7 | 95 |
| Comparative example 1 | 92.1 | 36 | 9.2 | 87 |
As shown in Table 1, comparing the comparative example 1 with the example 1, the survival rate of the watermelon in the example 1 is higher than that in the comparative example 1, the ripening period is shorter, the best effect of sugar content and water content is achieved, and the taste is excellent.
Comparative example 2: by adopting the method of example 2, in the case that the stock for grafting roots is a calabash, the grafting step of the intermediate stock is removed, and the relevant indexes of the watermelons are detected, specifically shown in table 2:
TABLE 2
| Survival rate (%) | Maturation time (Tian) | Sugar content (%) | Moisture content (%) | |
| Example 2 | 99.1 | 28 | 13.6 | 94 |
| Comparative example 2 | 91.8 | 36 | 9.0 | 85 |
As shown in Table 2, comparing the comparative example 2 with the example 2, the survival rate of the watermelon in the example 2 is higher than that in the comparative example 2, the ripening days are shorter, the sugar content and the water content reach the best effect, and the taste is excellent;
as can be seen from the comparison of the above examples 1-2 with comparative examples 1-2, the survival rate of watermelons added with the intermediate stock grafting step is remarkably improved, and the watermelons have good taste and excellent quality.
The foregoing has shown and described the basic principles, principal features and advantages of the invention. It will be understood by those skilled in the art that the present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiments, and that the above-described embodiments and descriptions are only preferred embodiments of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the invention, and that various changes and modifications may be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as claimed. The scope of the invention is defined by the appended claims and equivalents thereof.
Claims (8)
1. The watermelon interstock grafting method is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
step one: selecting scion watermelons, intermediate grafting stocks and stock seedlings for grafting roots for later use;
step two: when the intermediate grafting stock breaks the soil, sowing the scion watermelon, taking the scion cotyledons just unfolded until the cotyledons are flattened as a grafting proper period, obtaining an intermediate stock grafting scion after grafting, and carrying out second-step grafting after healing of 3-5 days of the first-step grafting;
step three: removing a growing point of a stock for grafting roots before grafting, cutting a notch on an embryo stem below cotyledons, enabling the direction of a notch of an intermediate stock grafting scion to be opposite to that of the stock for grafting roots, enabling the length of the notch to be identical to that of the stock, enabling the two notches to be identical, and clamping by a grafting clamp;
step four: cutting off the root of the intermediate grafting stock before field planting, and then field planting the root of the grafting stock into soil;
in the second step, the specific grafting operation of the intermediate grafting stock comprises the following steps: s1, cutting true leaves and growing points of an intermediate anvil by a blade during grafting;
s2, obliquely puncturing and punching along the inner epidermis of the embryo stem from the basal veins of the right cotyledon to the lower side of the left cotyledon at an angle of 45-60 degrees by using bamboo sticks;
s3, cutting an inclined plane at a position 1 cm below the cotyledon of the watermelon by using a blade, and then inserting the scion into the stock hole;
s4, the scion inclined surface faces downwards during insertion;
in the second step, the scion watermelon is subjected to plug seedling alone, and in the third step, the intermediate grafting stock and the root stock are subjected to plug seedling together.
2. The method for grafting the watermelon interstock according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: in the first step, the intermediate grafting stock is a wild watermelon variety with improved characters.
3. The method for grafting the watermelon interstock according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: in the first step, the stock for grafting roots is pumpkin or a cucurbit stock variety.
4. The method for grafting the watermelon interstock according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: in the second step, the distance between the grafting wounds is 2-3cm.
5. The method for grafting the watermelon interstock according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: in the third step, the hypocotyl height of the root stock and the intermediate stock grafted scion is proper, the root stock grafted stock grows seedlings later, and the time is 6-7 days later than that of the scion.
6. The method for grafting the watermelon interstock according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: in the third step, a 30-degree incision is made on the embryo stem 1 cm below the cotyledon, and the length is 0.5-0.7 cm.
7. The method for grafting the watermelon interstock according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: in the third step, after the grafting roots are completely combined by the interfaces of the stock grafting for 7-10 days, the scion embryo stems of the intermediate stock grafting are cut off below the interfaces.
8. The method for grafting the watermelon interstock according to claim 7, wherein: in the third step, before cutting off the scion embryo stems of the intermediate stock grafting, the vascular bundle part of the scion embryo stems is destroyed.
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Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN104272980A (en) * | 2013-07-01 | 2015-01-14 | 刘强 | Watermelon seedling obtained through two-stock and dual-splicing grafting and method for growing watermelon seedling obtained through two-stock and dual-splicing grafting |
| CN107258344A (en) * | 2017-08-23 | 2017-10-20 | 江苏省农业科学院 | A kind of engrafting method of watermelon |
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- 2021-04-21 CN CN202110427330.9A patent/CN113141896B/en active Active
Patent Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN104272980A (en) * | 2013-07-01 | 2015-01-14 | 刘强 | Watermelon seedling obtained through two-stock and dual-splicing grafting and method for growing watermelon seedling obtained through two-stock and dual-splicing grafting |
| CN107258344A (en) * | 2017-08-23 | 2017-10-20 | 江苏省农业科学院 | A kind of engrafting method of watermelon |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
| Title |
|---|
| 西瓜嫁接技术;戚长生等;果树科学(第第1期期);第36-38页 * |
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