CN104871834A - Walnut touch skin grafting method - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to an improved variety grafting and seedling raising technology of walnuts, in particular to a walnut touch skin grafting method. The walnut touch skin grafting method comprises the following steps of selecting a seedling of which the seedling ground diameter is 1-2cm and the age is 1-2 years as a stock; performing grafting in a period from the initial stage of germinating of a bud of the stock to the time before leaf expansion; respectively cutting two sides of the lower end of a scion into a long cutting surface and a short cutting surface; cutting off a skin layer with the length of 1.0cm from the upper edge of the short cutting surface so as to expose a touch skin portion; removing wood of a cutting opening of the stock and reserving a skin layer of the stock; lifting up a skin layer with the width of 0.1-0.2cm from one side of the bottom of the cutting opening of the stock; downwards tearing off the skin layer by 3-5cm so that bleeding fluid in the cutting opening is drained from a tearing opening; aligning the long cutting surface of the scion to a forming layer of the stock; and wrapping the short cutting surface by using the skin layer of the stock and aligning the short cutting surface to the skin layer of the stock. By the grating method, a junction surface of the touch skin portion of the scion of the stock is expanded, healing of scion of the stock of a grafting opening is promoted, the problem that bleeding of walnuts affects a walnut grafting healing opening is solved, and the grafting survival rate of spring scion grafting walnuts and the growth increment of seedlings are improved effectively.

Description

Walnut tough formula skin grafting method

Technical field

The present invention relates to a kind of grafting with improved seed seedling growing process of walnut, be specially walnut tough formula skin grafting method.

Background technology

Walnut is one of large dry fruit in the world four, and it and cashew nut, fibert, almond are listed as the large dry fruit in the world four.Its cultivation wide range, almost various places all over the world, enjoy the laudatory title of " long live ", " Longevity ", " supporting the treasured of people " at home.Because its Bioclimatic analysis is compared with the good characteristic such as wide, strong stress resistance, damage by disease and insect are few, nut nutrition is abundant, the market demand of breeding seedling, nut is increasing.Therefore, the selection of solution walnut improved seeds and vegetative propagation technique are the key factors accelerating improved variety of walnutization development.In recent years, to improved variety of walnut graft technology, particularly the stock of stock leading thread 1 ~ 2cm has carried out more comprehensive research, for walnut biological property and working condition, sum up suitable grafting period and grafting method, improve graft survival rate and seedling quality, reduce seedling cost, for the vegetative propagation of improved variety of walnut provides technical basis.

Upper conventional walnut asexual reproduction method is produced in grafting at present.Be mainly used in breeding nursery and set breed improvement greatly.But due to differences such as grafting wound is oxidizable, grafting method, stock water and fertilizer conditions, graft survival rate is unstable, show particularly outstanding this situation is lower at Sichuan Province In Spring temperature, temperature Change is large, cause Sichuan improved variety of walnut graft survival rate significantly to change between 20% ~ 70%, in production, the overall survival rate in land for growing field crops is less than 50%.Trace it to its cause, be that walnut body bleeding in spring is vigorous first, containing more tanning matter in tissue juice, section ingress of air during grafting, rapid oxidation blackening, makes section cytoactive reduce, and causes the slack-off or poor healing of anvil fringe healing; Secondly, stock moisture crosses foot, scion dehydration etc. will cause poor wound healing; Again, different grafting methods, grafting efficiency, formation layer contact surface are variant, and cause healing not good enough, survival rate is low.When grafting time, seedbed moisture condition are controlled, grafting method becomes the key factor affecting graft survival rate.Existing grafting seedlings-growing method, cannot derive due to " bleeding " of grafting interruption-forming, to form layer contact area little, often cause grafting mouth poor healing, survival rate very low.

Summary of the invention

For above-mentioned technical problem, the object of this invention is to provide a kind of walnut stock grafting method, solve traditional walnut nursery grafting nursery stock undergrowth, survival rate is low, outplanting rate is low problem.

For achieving the above object, actualizing technology scheme is as follows:

Walnut tough formula skin grafting method, comprises the following steps:

(1) stock is cultivated

Broadcast walnut kind October, carry out presoaking and germinating before sowing, soak 3 ~ 7d, seed has during breach to be sowed, and seed is placed on the seedbed put in order, earthing 8 ~ 10cm, covering film; December emerges, sub-seedling stays bed to grow as rootstock seedling, stock leading thread is selected 3rd year 1 ~ February to be that the rootstock seedling of 1 ~ 2cm arranges cultivation again, row removes main root before planting, determine anvil height 30cm, seeding row spacing 20cm × 30cm, water sufficient normal root water, continue to tread soil after 2 ~ 3 days, guarantee that soil compaction compacting fully contacts with root system.

(2) scion

Fringe bar sprout before from provenance tree collection, clip of sealing with wax after adopting, put into temperature 3 ~ 5 DEG C, relative moisture 70% ~ 80% refrigerating chamber for subsequent use.

(3) grafting

Grafting time is selected in stock bud mouth and sprouts the initial stage to Zhan Yeqian, and namely resin starts the initial stage of flowing; Scion is cut into 6 ~ 8cm, stays 1 ~ 2 bud, and both sides, scion lower end are whittled into long bevel and short bevel respectively, long bevel 2.0 ~ 2.5cm, short bevel 1.0 ~ 1.5cm, and short bevel top edge is pruned the long cortex of 1.0cm, exposes phloem.

Stock is liftoff, and 5 ~ 10cm determines anvil, selective light sliding surface is slightly wooden cuts out stock downwards, cut mouthful width suitable with fringe bar rugosity, the long bevel cutting mouthful length and scion is suitable, reject wooden, retain stock cortex, cut side bottom mouth at stock and provoke the wide cortex of 0.1 ~ 0.2cm, tear 3 ~ 5cm downwards, get rid of from tearing notch for the bleeding sap of cutting in mouth; The scion of cutting inserted, inwardly, outwardly, long bevel and stock form layer and align short bevel long bevel, and short bevel wraps up alignment by stock cortex; Tight with grafting membrane wrapping, expose bud head.

(4) bud picking, water and fertilizer management

After the callus of grafting interruption-forming projection, the rudiment below grafting mouth of erasing, carries out water and fertilizer management.

Wherein (1) stock is cultivated with in (2) scion, and the Walnut Cultivars used is dark line walnut (JuglanssigillataDode) or walnut (JuglansregiaL.).

Walnut provided by the invention tough formula skin grafting method, stablely can improve Sichuan Province In Spring scion grafting improved variety of walnut graft survival rate, add the faying face of anvil fringe phloem, promote the anvil fringe healing of grafting mouth, effective solution walnut bleeding is on the impact of walnut grafting healing mouth, promote the anvil fringe healing of grafting mouth, nursery stock survival rate of plant after grafting reaches more than 80%, outplanting rate more than 70%, well developed root system, seedling early growth amount is large, and height of seedling generally reaches 50 ~ 80cm, and eugonic seedling height can reach more than 100cm.

Embodiment

Be described in further detail the present invention in conjunction with the embodiments.

Carry out in Mianyang City Santai County, Sichuan Province, belong to the moistening monsoon climate type in subtropics.

Material selection: scion Walnut Cultivars is dark line improved variety of walnut " Chinese catalpa core gloomy morning ", carries out grafting in 2 ~ March, namely before and after lunar calendar the beginning of spring to the Waking of Insects (3rd solar term).

(1) stock is cultivated

Plant with dark line walnut, October is sowed, and carries out presoaking and germinating before sowing, and soak 7d, seed has during breach to be sowed, and Walnut Seed is placed on the seedbed put in order, earthing 6 ~ 8cm, covering film; December emerges, and sub-seedling stays bed to grow 1 year; Select in February, the 3rd stock leading thread to be that the rootstock seedling of 1 ~ 1.5cm arranges cultivation again, row removes main root before planting, and determines anvil height 30cm, seeding row spacing 20cm*30cm, waters sufficient normal root water, guarantee soil compaction compacting, fully contact with root system.

(2) scion

Fringe bar sprout before from the collection of provenance tree, acquisition time before and after the beginning of spring 7 days.Seal with wax after adopting clip, put into temperature 3 ~ 5 DEG C, the refrigerating chamber of relative moisture 70% ~ 80% is for subsequent use.

(3) grafting

Grafting time is selected in stock bud mouth and sprouts the initial stage to Zhan Yeqian, and namely resin starts the initial stage of flowing; Scion is cut into 6 ~ 8cm, stays 1 ~ 2 bud, and both sides, scion lower end are whittled into long bevel and short bevel respectively, long bevel 2.0 ~ 2.5cm, short bevel 1.0 ~ 1.5cm, and short bevel top edge is pruned the long cortex of 1.0cm, exposes phloem.

Stock is liftoff, and 5 ~ 10cm determines anvil, selective light sliding surface is slightly wooden cuts out stock downwards, cut mouthful width suitable with fringe bar rugosity, the long bevel cutting mouthful length and scion is suitable, reject wooden, retain stock cortex, cut side bottom mouth at stock and provoke the wide cortex of 0.1 ~ 0.2cm, tear 3 ~ 5cm downwards, get rid of from tearing notch for the bleeding sap of cutting in mouth; The scion of cutting inserted, inwardly, outwardly, long bevel and stock form layer and align short bevel long bevel, and short bevel wraps up alignment by stock cortex; Tight with grafting membrane wrapping, expose bud head.

(4) bud picking, water and fertilizer management

After the callus of grafting interruption-forming projection, the rudiment below grafting mouth of erasing, carries out water and fertilizer management, ensures that seedling growth is good.Leaf stretching period mean temperature of air 15 ~ 18 DEG C, air humidity 50 ~ 70%.

Graft survival rate situation is by table 1 and table 2, and as can be seen from the table, the graft survival rate of this embodiment is high, nursery stock physically well develops.

Table 1 continuous 3 years grafting effect tables

Implement year	Grafting time	Average leading thread (cm)	Average height of seedling (cm)	Survival rate (%)
					First Year	March	1.58	93.2	86.7
Second Year	March	1.47	88.6	89.2
					3rd year	March	1.68	103.7	90.4

Table 2 the 3rd year grafting effect details table

Claims (1)

1. walnut tough formula skin grafting method, is characterized in that: comprise the following steps:

(1) stock is cultivated

Broadcast walnut kind October, carry out presoaking and germinating before sowing, soak 3 ~ 7d, seed has during breach to be sowed, and seed is placed on the seedbed put in order, earthing 8 ~ 10cm, covering film; December emerges, sub-seedling stays bed to grow as rootstock seedling, stock leading thread is selected 3rd year 1 ~ February to be that the rootstock seedling of 1 ~ 2cm arranges cultivation again, row removes main root before planting, determine anvil height 30cm, seeding row spacing 20cm × 30cm, water sufficient normal root water, continue to tread soil after 2 ~ 3 days, guarantee that soil compaction compacting fully contacts with root system.

(2) scion

Fringe bar sprout before from provenance tree collection, clip of sealing with wax after adopting, put into temperature 3 ~ 5 DEG C, relative moisture 70% ~ 80% refrigerating chamber for subsequent use.

(3) grafting

Grafting time is selected in stock bud mouth and sprouts the initial stage to Zhan Yeqian, and namely resin starts the initial stage of flowing; Scion is cut into 6 ~ 8cm, stays 1 ~ 2 bud, and both sides, scion lower end are whittled into long bevel and short bevel respectively, long bevel 2.0 ~ 2.5cm, short bevel 1.0 ~ 1.5cm, and short bevel top edge is pruned the long cortex of 1.0cm, exposes phloem.

Stock is liftoff, and 5 ~ 10cm determines anvil, selective light sliding surface is slightly wooden cuts out stock downwards, cut mouthful width suitable with fringe bar rugosity, the long bevel cutting mouthful length and scion is suitable, reject wooden, retain stock cortex, cut side bottom mouth at stock and provoke the wide cortex of 0.1 ~ 0.2cm, tear 3 ~ 5cm downwards, get rid of from tearing notch for the bleeding sap of cutting in mouth; The scion of cutting inserted, inwardly, outwardly, long bevel and stock form layer and align short bevel long bevel, and short bevel wraps up alignment by stock cortex; Tight with grafting membrane wrapping, expose bud head.

(4) bud picking, water and fertilizer management

After the callus of grafting interruption-forming projection, the rudiment below grafting mouth of erasing, carries out water and fertilizer management.