The cuttage and seedling culture method of American red-maple
Technical field
The present invention relates to the raising technology of a kind of plant, belong to seedling-wood breeding technical field, specifically, relate to a kind of American Red
The cuttage and seedling culture method of maple.
Background technology
American red-maple (formal name used at school: Acer rubrum L.): originate in east coast of the United States, mostly come from northern US and Canada
Most area, is fallen leaves megaphanerophytes, and growth is very fast, height tree 12-18 rice of growing up, and hat 12 meters adapts to multiple scope
Soil types grows, and blooms spring, premium color.Because color in its brilliant in autumn, tree crown is clean and tidy, is widely used in park, little
Planting in district, street, not only can be very popular with Landscape but also shade tree can be done, be introduced in recent years beautify,
One of the preferable rare tree species in green planted city gardens, is also the Colored-leaf Plants that uniquely can be used as shade tree.
American red-maple mainly has two kinds of modess of reproduction, sexual propagation and asexual propagation.Sexual propagation generally by seed seedling-raising,
During sexual propagation, gene can be recombinated, and produces variation, the property of the American red-maple seedling i.e. obtained by seminal propagation
Shape is unstable, the instability when of causing American red-maple variable color, and possible invariant color may differ with the leaf color of maternal plant
Sample.Asexual propagation is generally by cutting propagation, and the mode such as tissue culture is cultivated, and seedling directly inherits the character of female parent,
Will not morph, i.e. the blade of maternal plant is any color, and what color American red-maple seedling also can show, by nothing
The American red-maple seedling variable color that sexual reproduction obtains can be highly stable.Existing two kinds of mode of reproduction growing-seedling periods are longer, whole seedlings
Cultivate the time needing several years, be unfavorable for quickly putting on market of seedling, cause its economic benefit to reduce, and by broadcasting
The mode planting nursery easily generates more small and weak seedling, it is difficult to keep the healthy and strong neat of whole nursery stock.
The patent of invention of Patent No. 201310022889.9 discloses a kind of Modified American red maple epicormic branch cuttage mating system, including
Following steps: (1) is set up on the breeding spot chosen and set up bow member on sterilized hotbed, seedbed, lays through disappearing in seedbed
The cutting medium of poison;(2) take the branch of semi-lignified to cut fringe from Modified American red maple maternal plant, be cut into a length of
8-10cm, 10cm, with 2 buds and the cutting of 2 half leaves;(3) cutting lower cut root-growing agent, rooting powder solution,
Hormone solution is dipped 6s, in order to hestening rooting;(4) cutting is inserted in medium of seedling bed, insertion depth 2~4cm, density
For seeding row spacing 5 × 6cm, blade is towards same direction;(5) irrigating substrate with water after cuttage, then on bow member, plastic covering is thin
Film and sunshade net, enter and manage after inserting.The method uses quickly dipped technique, and the time is comparatively short, absorbs nutritional solution less, and nutrition is imitated
Fruit does not reaches, and nutrient liquid can be caused downstream to the bottom of cutting, can only promote the production of bottommost root so that overall root
It is the most powerful, although its rooting rate reaches more than 95%, but the survival rate after it is transplanted is the highest.
Number of patent application is application for a patent for invention a kind of disclose red maple cutting propagation the method for 201310475880.3, including with
Lower step: (1)) greenhouse is carried out sterilizing;(2) peat mixed with perlite and fully mix thoroughly, sterilizing with potassium permanganate
After sterilization, loading cave Seedling dish, pier is real, puts into greenhouse, and waters permeable;(3) rooting rate gives birth to semi-lignified, growth then
Healthy and strong, branch without pest and disease damage, wants segmentation, and stays bud to stay leaf during clip;(4) cut according to different after the cutting sterilization sheared
After taking the quickly dipped different root-growing agent in position, carry out cuttage;(5) after cuttage, cutting seedling is carried out Temperature and Humidity Control, rich water quality management.
The method uses quickly dipped technique equally, and the time is comparatively short, absorbs nutritional solution less, and nutritive validity does not reaches, and can cause nutrition
Liquid, downstream to the bottom of cutting, can only promote the production of bottommost root so that overall root system is the most powerful, although it is taken root
Rate is high, survival rate more than 95%, but its rooting rate is relatively slow, and growing-seedling period is long.
Summary of the invention
The present invention is directed to the deficiencies in the prior art, it is provided that a kind of breed U.S. that rooting rate is fast, survival rate is high, growing-seedling period is short
The cuttage and seedling culture method of the red maple of state.
The technical scheme is that the cuttage and seedling culture method of a kind of American red-maple, comprise the following steps:
(1) substrate is prepared: mixed according to the ratio that weight ratio is 5:1 with turfy soil by perlite, and pass through potassium permanganate
It is soaked by solution, after soaking 24 hours, obtains substrate after washing out potassium permanganate with clear water, standby;
(2) selection of cutting and pretreatment: select parent semi-lignified branch then to carry out cutting fringe, the branch cut is cut into
The cuttage branch of 8-10cm length, retains 2-3 bud, 2-4 sheet blade, and the upper end of cuttage branch cuts flat, away from top bud 1-1.5cm,
Bottom is tiltedly cut, and clip smooths;
(3) culture fluid is prepared: after being mixed according to the ratio uniform that weight ratio is 1:5 with the ethanol that concentration is 90% by heteroauxing
Obtain culture fluid;
(4) soaking: inserted by cuttage branch in culture fluid and soak, soaking height is 2.5-3.5cm, and soak time is 1-2 hour;
(5) cuttage: in the cuttage branch embedment substrate after soaking, length of embedment is the 2/3 of cuttage branch length;
(6) maintenance: use spray pattern when watering, 0-6 days, spray once at interval of half an hour, when spraying lasting every time
Between be the 3-5 second;7-15 days, spraying once at interval of 1 hour, the sprinkling persistent period is the 5-10 second every time;After 15 days, often
Being spaced 2 hours and spray once, the sprinkling persistent period is the 10-13 second every time;Along with the prolongation of cutting time, frequency of watering can
Reduce depending on the humidity of plant and water frequency;By maintenance, within 5-7 days, cuttage branch forms root nodule, and within 13-15 days, cuttage branch is taken root.
(7) transplanting of cuttage branch: after cuttage branch is cultivated 40-45 days in substrate, can carry out naked transplanting to it.
Preferably, in step (1), in described potassium permanganate solution, potassium permanganate is 1:800-1:1200 with the weight ratio of water.
Preferably, in step (6), after maintenance 15 days, according to taking root, situation sprays root-growing agent once, to promote and to add
Gu root growth, wherein, described root-growing agent root powder of making a living mixes according to the ratio of weight ratio 1:5 with water.
Preferably, described powder of taking root is fast-growing root.
The invention has the beneficial effects as follows: the perlite that cutting medium of the present invention uses weight ratio to be 5:1 and turfy soil mixed-matrix,
Its breathability, good hygroscopicity, low cost, beneficially root growth, rooting rate is high;Nutritional solution of the present invention is by heteroauxing and concentration
Be 90% ethanol form according to the ratio uniform mixed preparing that weight ratio is 1:5, root growth can be effectively promoted;The present invention
Using soaking technology, the time that cutting soaks in nutritional solution is 1-2 hour, makes cutting root have the time of abundance to absorb nutrition
In nutrient, then cuttage is in the perlite got ready and turfy soil mixed-matrix, and the time of 5-7 days forms root nodule, 13-15 days
Taking root, within 40-45 days, can carry out naked transplanting, it is not necessary to transplant together with substrate, well developed root system, cuttage survival rate is high, up to
To more than 95%, the seedling cycle is short.
Detailed description of the invention
Those skilled in the art understand for convenience, and below in conjunction with embodiment, the invention will be further described.
Embodiment 1:
A kind of cuttage and seedling culture method of American red-maple, it comprises the following steps:
(1) prepare substrate: mixed according to the ratio of weight ratio 5:1 with turfy soil by perlite, use potassium permanganate and water
Weight ratio is that it is soaked by the potassium permanganate solution of 1:800, carries out sterilization treatment, after soaking 24 hours, washes out Gao Meng with clear water
Substrate is obtained after acid potassium, standby.
(2) selection of cutting and pretreatment: select parent semi-lignified branch then to carry out cutting fringe from American red-maple female parent, will
The branch cut is cut into the cuttage branch of 8cm length, retains 2 buds, 2 blades, and the upper end of cuttage branch cuts flat, away from top
Bud 1cm, bottom tiltedly cuts, and clip smooths.
(3) culture fluid is prepared: after being mixed according to the ratio uniform that weight ratio is 1:5 with the ethanol that concentration is 90% by heteroauxing
Obtain culture fluid.
(4) soaking: inserted by cuttage branch in culture fluid and soak, soaking height is 2.5cm, and soak time is 1 hour.
(5) cuttage: in the cuttage branch embedment substrate after soaking, length of embedment is the 2/3 of cuttage branch length.
(6) maintenance: use spray pattern when watering, 0-6 days, spray once at interval of half an hour, when spraying lasting every time
Between be 3 seconds;7-15 days, spraying once at interval of 1 hour, the sprinkling persistent period is 5 seconds every time;After 15 days, at interval of
Within 2 hours, spraying once, the sprinkling persistent period is 10 seconds every time;Along with the prolongation of cutting time, the visual fabric of frequency of watering
Humidity reduces frequency of watering, and by maintenance, within 7 days, cuttage branch forms root nodule, and within 15 days, cuttage branch is taken root;Maintenance 15 days with
After, according to take root situation spray root-growing agent once, to promote and to reinforce root growth, wherein, described root-growing agent be fast-growing root and
Water mixes according to the ratio of weight ratio 1:5.
(7) transplanting of cuttage branch: after cuttage branch cultivates 45 days in substrate, can carry out naked transplanting to it.
Testing in Qingdao Hua Shenglvneng agricultural science and technology company limited photovoltaic green-house, ambient temperature is 18-28 DEG C, in booth
Select seedbed, seedbed arranges automatic irrigation facility, it is ensured that have abundant water resources, irrigation method proper, by said method cultivate U.S.
State's red maple cuttage branch 500 strain, checks 493 strains of taking root after 45 days, the seedling after taking root is transplanted, and survives 482 strains.
Embodiment 2:
A kind of cuttage and seedling culture method of American red-maple, it comprises the following steps:
(1) prepare substrate: mixed according to the ratio that weight ratio is 5:1 with turfy soil by perlite, use potassium permanganate with
Water weight ratio is that it is soaked by the potassium permanganate solution of 1:1000, carries out sterilization treatment, after soaking 24 hours, washes out with clear water
Substrate is obtained after potassium permanganate, standby.
(2) selection of cutting and pretreatment: select parent semi-lignified branch then to carry out cutting fringe from American red-maple female parent, will
The branch cut is cut into the cuttage branch of 9cm length, retains 3 buds, 3 blades, and the upper end of cuttage branch cuts flat, away from top
Bud 1.5cm, bottom tiltedly cuts, and clip smooths.
(3) culture fluid is prepared: after being mixed according to the ratio uniform that weight ratio is 1:5 with the ethanol that concentration is 90% by heteroauxing
Obtain culture fluid.
(4) soaking: inserted by cuttage branch in culture fluid and soak, soaking height is 3cm, and soak time is 1.5 hours.
(5) cuttage: in the cuttage branch embedment substrate after soaking, length of embedment is the 2/3 of cuttage branch length.
(6) maintenance: use spray pattern when watering, 0-6 days, spray once at interval of half an hour, when spraying lasting every time
Between be 4 seconds;7-15 days, spraying once at interval of 1 hour, the sprinkling persistent period is 8 seconds every time;After 15 days, at interval of
Within 2 hours, spraying once, the sprinkling persistent period is 12 seconds every time;Along with the prolongation of cutting time, the visual fabric of frequency of watering
Humidity reduces frequency of watering, and by maintenance, within 6 days, cuttage branch forms root nodule, and within 14 days, cuttage branch is taken root;Maintenance 15 days with
After, according to take root situation spray root-growing agent once, to promote and to reinforce root growth, wherein, described root-growing agent be fast-growing root and
Water mixes according to the ratio of weight ratio 1:5.
(7) transplanting of cuttage branch: after cuttage branch cultivates 42 days in substrate, can carry out naked transplanting to it.
Testing in Qingdao Hua Shenglvneng agricultural science and technology company limited photovoltaic green-house, ambient temperature is 18-28 DEG C, in booth
Select seedbed, seedbed arranges automatic irrigation facility, it is ensured that have abundant water resources, irrigation method proper, by said method cultivate U.S.
State's red maple cuttage branch 500 strain, checks 496 strains of taking root after 45 days, the seedling after taking root is transplanted, and survives 489 strains.
Embodiment 3:
A kind of cuttage and seedling culture method of American red-maple, it comprises the following steps:
(1) prepare substrate: mixed according to the ratio that weight ratio is 5:1 with turfy soil by perlite, use potassium permanganate with
Water weight ratio is that it is soaked by the potassium permanganate solution of 1:1200, carries out sterilization treatment, after soaking 24 hours, washes out with clear water
Substrate is obtained after potassium permanganate, standby.
(2) selection of cutting and pretreatment: select parent semi-lignified branch then to carry out cutting fringe from American red-maple female parent, will
The branch cut is cut into the cuttage branch of 10cm length, retains 3 buds, 4 blades, and the upper end of cuttage branch cuts flat, away from top
Bud 1.5cm, bottom tiltedly cuts, and clip smooths.
(3) culture fluid is prepared: after being mixed according to the ratio uniform that weight ratio is 1:5 with the ethanol that concentration is 90% by heteroauxing
Obtain culture fluid.
(4) soaking: inserted by cuttage branch in culture fluid and soak, soaking height is 3.5cm, and soak time is 2 hours.
(5) cuttage: in the cuttage branch embedment substrate after soaking, length of embedment is the 2/3 of cuttage branch length.
(6) maintenance: use spray pattern when watering, 0-6 days, spray once at interval of half an hour, when spraying lasting every time
Between be 5 seconds;7-15 days, spraying once at interval of 1 hour, the sprinkling persistent period is 10 seconds every time;After 15 days, every
Spraying once every 2 hours, the sprinkling persistent period is 13 seconds every time;Along with the prolongation of cutting time, the visual fabric of frequency of watering
Humidity reduce and water frequency, by maintenance, within 5 days, cuttage branch forms root nodule, and within 13 days, cuttage branch is taken root;Maintenance 15 days
After, according to taking root, situation sprays root-growing agent once, and to promote and to reinforce root growth, wherein, described root-growing agent is fast-growing root
Mix according to the ratio of weight ratio 1:5 with water.
(7) transplanting of cuttage branch: after cuttage branch cultivates 40 days in substrate, can carry out naked transplanting to it.
Testing in Qingdao Pu Dongzhen mono-peasant household warmhouse booth, ambient temperature is 18-28 DEG C, selects seedbed, Seedling in booth
Automatic irrigation facility is set on Chuan, it is ensured that have abundant water resources, irrigation method proper, by said method cultivate American red-maple cuttage branch
Bar 500 strain, checks 497 strains of taking root after 40 days, the seedling after taking root is transplanted, and survives 491 strains.
By cuttage and seedling culture method of the present invention by semi-wooden scion cuttage in different substrate, its situation of taking root is as shown in the table:
Substrate |
Semi-wooden scion (rooting rate/%) |
River sand |
53 |
Perlite |
69 |
Turfy soil |
72 |
Perlite: turfy soil-5:1 |
95 |
Embodiment provided above is only with illustrating the present invention for convenience, and at technical scheme category of the present invention, affiliated technology is led
The technical staff in territory is made various simple deformation and modification, should be included in above claim.