CN115053745B - Method for improving grafting survival rate of tea trees - Google Patents
Method for improving grafting survival rate of tea trees Download PDFInfo
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- CN115053745B CN115053745B CN202210877418.5A CN202210877418A CN115053745B CN 115053745 B CN115053745 B CN 115053745B CN 202210877418 A CN202210877418 A CN 202210877418A CN 115053745 B CN115053745 B CN 115053745B
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/005—Cultivation methods
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G13/00—Protecting plants
- A01G13/02—Protective coverings for plants; Coverings for the ground; Devices for laying-out or removing coverings
- A01G13/0206—Canopies, i.e. devices providing a roof above the plants
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G2/00—Vegetative propagation
- A01G2/30—Grafting
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Botany (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Toxicology (AREA)
- Developmental Biology & Embryology (AREA)
- Cultivation Of Plants (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a method for improving the grafting survival rate of tea trees, which comprises the steps of reducing the tannin content of the tea tree stocks by adopting the synthesis of tea tree stock tannins through shading treatment, thickening the phloem thickness of the stock by arranging a clamp above a stock base to clamp the stock, increasing the contact area of a vascular bundle between the phloem of the stock and the phloem of a scion to improve the grafting survival rate of the tea trees, greatly saving female parent resources, shortening seedling raising period and the like, and is especially necessary for selecting excellent, rare and difficult-to-reproduce tea tree varieties, and has practical guiding significance for improving the grafting survival rate of the tea trees.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a tea tree cultivation technology, in particular to a method for improving the grafting survival rate of tea trees.
Background
Tea trees are used as important cash crops in mountain areas in China, and cultivation of high-quality tea seedlings plays an important fundamental role in promoting tea industry development. At present, cutting propagation is a main propagation mode of a clone tea tree variety and is one of key steps of fine variety breeding of the clone tea tree, but the traditional short-spike cutting propagation of partial selected rare fine varieties and endangered tea tree resources is low, propagation coefficients are low, partial producers adopt a common grafting technology, and although partial survival rate can be realized, firstly, the tea tree contains higher tannin components, the tannin belongs to an easily-oxidized substance, when the stock is sawed, a large amount of tannin flows out from a stock notch, the notch is easy to brown, and the healing effect of the notch is great; secondly, under the natural growth state of tea trees, the phloem is extremely thin, the phloem of the stock is easy to damage in sawing, cutting and scion insertion processes due to the thickness of the stock, the contact surface of the stock and the scion position vascular bundles is small, the combination healing probability of the two vascular bundles is small, when the two vascular bundles are not communicated with the incision and do not heal, the nutrition and the moisture of the stock can not be or can not be timely transmitted to the scion, the scion withers and dies after the nutrient components and the moisture of the scion are consumed, and finally the grafting fails.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the defects of the technology and provides a method for improving the grafting survival rate of tea trees, thereby saving female parent resources, shortening seedling period and improving the grafting survival rate of tea trees.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the method for improving the grafting survival rate of the tea trees provided by the invention comprises the following steps of reducing the tannin content of the tea tree stocks, thickening the phloem thickness of the stocks, and increasing the contact area of the vascular bundles between the phloem of the stocks and the phloem of the scions to improve the grafting survival rate of the tea trees:
firstly, selecting a certain tea tree variety, and carrying out pretreatment for reducing the tannin content of the stock, wherein the pretreatment method comprises the following steps: after the spring tea is picked and trimmed in the middle and late 5 months of the first year, a black net with a shading rate of 55% is used for erecting a sunshade at a position 0.8-1 m above the trimming surface of the stock tea tree, and the synthesis of tannin of the stock tea tree is reduced through shading treatment;
the second step is to thicken the phloem thickness of the stock, and the thickening method is as follows: enlarging the contact area of the phloem of the stock and the graft phloem vascular bundles, clamping the stock by using a clamp with the width of 1.2cm at the position 6-8cm above the base of the stock in 12 months of the first year, wherein the clamping force is used for clamping the phloem to 0.5-0.8mm in the pit of the phloem, and the tissue of the phloem is not broken; in the middle 4 th year, clamping the stock by using a clamp with the width of 0.9cm at a position 10-12cm above the base of the stock, wherein the clamping force of the clamp is 1.0-1.2mm from the clamping to the phloem depression, and the phloem tissue is not broken;
the third step is grafting and maintenance, at the end of 5 months-6 months of the second year, firstly removing the first clamp and the second clamp, sawing from the upper part of the second clamp of the stock by using a hacksaw, then cutting the plane to the position of the lower part of the second clamp of the upper part by using a sharp knife, splitting the plane to the position of the lower part of the second clamp by using a grafting knife at the position of 2-3mm away from the edge of the stock, inserting the cut scion into a stock notch, aligning the phloem of the stock with the phloem of the scion, binding the scion with a preservative film, filling water into a disposable water container, placing the water in a tea tree, erecting a plastic film moisture-retaining arch shed at the height of 30-40cm above the grafted tea tree scion, and erecting a sunshade net with the shading rate of 60% at the top of 15-20cm of the moisture-retaining arch shed.
According to practical statistics, the tea tree grafting technology of the common traditional technology and the tea tree grafting technology method of the claim in the same period respectively count the grafting survival rate and analyze the reason of grafting failure 1 month, 2 months and 3 months after grafting.
The grafting survival rate is counted, the statistical standard is kept at the 1 st month of grafting, the scion leaves are kept green, the grafting opening is normal, the color of the stock and the phloem of the scion is normal when the covered film is observed, the stock and the scion are not dried up and rotten, and the healing of the stock and the scion in the early stage of grafting is better; the statistical standard is that the scion leaves are kept green when grafting is carried out in the 2 nd month, the coated film is removed, the grafting opening is healed, the scion healing is good for the stock and the scion in the early grafting stage, and the grafting survival rate is high; and (3) grafting in the 3 rd month, starting the scion to germinate new buds, indicating that the grafting is completely successful, and counting the final grafting survival rate.
According to the method for improving the grafting survival rate of the tea trees, the grafting of the tea trees is carried out, the grafting survival rate of the tea trees is high, the tannin content of the stock is reduced (reduced) through the technical means, the phloem thickness of the grafting part of the stock is thickened, so that the grafting survival rate of the tea trees is improved, female parent resources can be greatly saved, the seedling period is shortened, and the like, and the method is especially necessary for selecting excellent, rare and difficult-to-reproduce tea tree varieties, and has practical guiding significance for improving the grafting survival rate of the tea trees.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic illustration of the clamping of a stock with a clamp over the base of the stock;
FIG. 2 is a schematic drawing of a cut-to-plane view with a knife;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of the alignment binding of the phloem of the stock and the phloem of the scion;
FIG. 4 is a schematic illustration of a plastic film moisture retention arch shed erected over a grafted tea tree scion.
Wherein: tea tree 1, clamp one 2, clamp two 3, former clamp two lower part position 4, scion 5, water container 6, moisture preservation arched shed 7, shading net 8, grafting tea tree seedling 9.
Detailed Description
In order to further describe the technical means and effects adopted by the present invention for achieving the intended purpose, the following detailed description will refer to the specific implementation, structure, characteristics and effects according to the present invention with reference to the accompanying drawings and preferred embodiments.
Examples:
the method for improving the grafting survival rate of the tea trees comprises the following steps of reducing the tannin content of 1 stock of the tea trees, thickening the thickness of the phloem of the stock, and increasing the contact area of the vascular bundles between the phloem of the stock and the phloem of the scion to improve the grafting survival rate of the tea trees:
first: selecting a certain tea tree variety, and preprocessing the stock to reduce the tannin content, wherein the preprocessing method comprises the following steps: after the spring tea is picked and trimmed in the middle and late 5 months of the first year, a black net with a shading rate of 55% is used for erecting a sunshade at a position 0.8-1 m above the trimming surface of the stock tea tree, and the synthesis of tannin of the stock tea tree is reduced through shading treatment;
second,: the phloem thickness of the stock is thickened by the following thickening method: enlarging the contact area of the phloem of the stock and the graft phloem vascular bundles, and clamping the stock (as shown in figure 1) by a clamp with the width of 1.2cm at the position 6-8cm above the base of the stock in 12 months of the first year, wherein the clamping force is 0.5-0.8mm when the clamp is clamped to the phloem pit, and the phloem tissue is not broken; in the middle 4 th year, clamping the stock by using a clamp II with the width of 0.9cm at the position 10-12cm above the base of the stock, wherein the clamping force of the clamp II is that the clamp is clamped to the phloem depression by 1.0-1.2mm, and the phloem tissue is not broken;
third,: grafting and maintaining, firstly removing the clamp I2 and the clamp II 3 at the beginning of the month 5-6 of the second year, sawing the clamp I from the upper part of the stock by using a hacksaw, then cutting a plane surface to the position 4 (shown in figure 2) of the lower part of the upper part of the original clamp II by using a sharp knife, splitting the cut scion 5 at the position 2-3mm away from the edge of the stock by using a grafting knife, inserting the cut scion 5 into a stock incision, aligning the phloem of the stock with the phloem of the scion 5 with a preservative film, binding the scion with the phloem with the preservative film (shown in figure 3), filling water in a disposable water container 6, placing the water in tea trees, erecting a plastic film moisture-retaining arch 7 at a height of 30-40cm above the grafted tea tree scion 5, and erecting a sunshade net 8 with a shade rate of 60% at a height of 15-20cm at the top of the moisture-retaining arch 7 (shown in figure 4).
In the first step of the embodiment, the tea tree varieties to be grafted are LS-1 and LS-2, and the stock is respectively selected from (1) 5-year-old black-bone beef early, (2) 5-year-old group tea tree species and (3) 5-year-old Longjing 43 tea tree; the control group is not pretreated, the experimental group builds a sunshade at a position 0.8-1 m above the pruning surface of the stock tea tree by using a black net with a shading rate of 55% after the picking of spring tea is completed and pruning is completed in the middle and late 5 months of the first year; the first year for 12 months, clamping the stock by a clamp with the width of 1.2cm at the position 6-8cm above the base of the stock, wherein the clamping force is 0.5-0.8mm when the clamp is clamped to the phloem depression, and the phloem tissue is not broken. In the middle 4 th year, the stock is clamped by a clamp with the width of 0.9cm at the position 10-12cm above the base of the stock, and the clamping force of the clamp is that the clamp is clamped to the phloem depression by 1.0-1.2mm, so that the phloem tissue is not broken.
During grafting operation, the control group and the embodiment group adopt the same steps, at the end of 5 months- -at the beginning of 6 months in the second year, a hacksaw is used for sawing the hacksaw from the upper part of a clamp at the upper part of a stock, a sharp knife is used for cutting a plane, a grafting knife is used for splitting the stock, the cut scion is inserted into a stock notch, the phloem of the stock is aligned with the phloem of the scion with certain attention, the phloem of the stock is bound by a preservative film, a disposable water cup is used for filling water, the water cup is placed between tea trees, a plastic film moisture-retaining arch shed is erected at the height of 30-40cm on the grafted tea trees, and a layer of sunshade net with the shading rate of 60% is erected at the top of 15-20cm of the moisture-retaining arch shed 7. The first table is a table of the tannin content and phloem thickness of the tea tree stock; and the second table is an analysis table of the grafting survival rate and failure reasons of tea trees. After 3 months of grafting, the grafting survival rate is counted and the reason of the failure of grafting is analyzed as shown in a table II; surface tea tree stock treatment tannin content and phloem thickness meter
Table II tea tree grafting survival rate and failure cause analysis table
The ordinary grafting mode and the embodiment mode are processed by (LS-1, LS-2), 2 tea tree varieties (lines) and 3 stock varieties (Wuniu early, group varieties and Longjing 43) in 2019 and 2020, the single-quantity content and phloem thickness of the stock are measured and analyzed, and the grafting effect is counted by using the survival rate. The data are shown in a first table and a second table, and the results show that the stock is treated by the embodiment, the tannin content is reduced, and the affinity of scions and the stock caused by tannin oxidation and browning is reduced; the phloem thickness of the processing position of the stock is thickened, the contact area of the phloem of the stock and the scion phloem is increased, the contact area of vascular bundles of the phloem of the stock and the scion phloem is increased, and the grafting survival rate of tea trees is improved. Therefore, the method for improving the grafting survival rate of the tea trees has practical guiding significance.
The above description is only of the preferred embodiments of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the present invention in any way, although the present invention has been described above with reference to the preferred embodiments, and is not intended to limit the present invention. Any person skilled in the art should make equivalent embodiments belonging to equivalent changes and modifications by using the technical content disclosed in the above description without departing from the technical content of the present invention, but any brief introduction modification, equivalent changes and modifications made to the above embodiments according to the technical substance of the present invention still fall within the scope of the technical solution of the present invention.
Claims (1)
1. The method for improving the grafting survival rate of the tea trees comprises the following steps of reducing the tannin content of the tea tree stocks, thickening the phloem thickness of the stocks, and increasing the contact area of vascular bundles between the phloem of the stocks and the phloem of scions to improve the grafting survival rate of the tea trees:
the first step: selecting a certain tea tree variety, and preprocessing the stock to reduce the tannin content, wherein the preprocessing method comprises the following steps: after the spring tea is picked and trimmed in the middle and late 5 months of the first year, a black net with a shading rate of 55% is used for erecting a sunshade at a position 0.8-1 m above the trimming surface of the tea tree stock, and the synthesis of tea tree stock tannin is reduced through shading treatment;
and a second step of: the phloem thickness of the stock is thickened by the following thickening method: the contact area of the phloem of the stock and the graft phloem vascular bundles is enlarged, the stock is clamped by a clamp with the width of 1.2cm at the position 6-8cm above the base of the stock in 12 months of the first year, the clamping force is as high as the clamp is tightly clamped to the phloem depression by 0.5-0.8mm, and the phloem tissue is not broken; in the middle 4 th year, clamping the stock by using a clamp II with the width of 0.9cm at the position 10-12cm above the base part of the stock, wherein the clamping force of the clamp II is that the clamp II is tightly clamped to the phloem depression by 1.0-1.2mm, and the phloem tissue is not broken;
and a third step of: grafting and maintaining, firstly removing the first clamp and the second clamp at the beginning of 5 months-6 months in the next year, sawing the first clamp and the second clamp from the upper part of the second clamp of the stock by using a hacksaw, then cutting a plane to the position of the lower part of the first clamp of the upper part by using a sharp knife, splitting the cut scion by using a grafting knife at the position of 2-3mm away from the edge of the stock, inserting the cut scion into a stock notch, aligning the phloem of the stock with the phloem of the scion, binding the phloem with a preservative film, filling water in a disposable water container, placing the water in a tea tree, erecting a plastic film moisture-retaining arch shed at the height of 30-40cm above the grafted tea tree scion, and erecting a sunshade net with the shading rate of 60% at the top of 15-20cm of the plastic film moisture-retaining arch shed.
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| CN202210877418.5A CN115053745B (en) | 2022-07-25 | 2022-07-25 | Method for improving grafting survival rate of tea trees |
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| CN115053745B true CN115053745B (en) | 2023-09-12 |
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Citations (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| SU1423049A1 (en) * | 1986-01-16 | 1988-09-15 | Н. А. Сидоров | Method of grafting trees by means of connecting member |
| DE102013013657A1 (en) * | 2013-08-16 | 2014-01-30 | Bast & Faser GmbH Prenzlau | Method for isolating phloem bark of timber portion from e.g. flax, for manufacturing phloem bark product in e.g. automotive industry, involves dividing the tissue for disconnecting phloem bark by tractive force from timber portion |
| CN104871834A (en) * | 2015-05-04 | 2015-09-02 | 四川省林业科学研究院 | Walnut touch skin grafting method |
| CN109691312A (en) * | 2019-01-15 | 2019-04-30 | 丽水市农业科学研究院 | A kind of rare tea tree single plant resource grafting plus cuttage fast breeding method |
| CN110622717A (en) * | 2019-11-13 | 2019-12-31 | 丽水市农业科学研究院 | Landscape tea tree cultivation method |
| JP2020043830A (en) * | 2018-09-20 | 2020-03-26 | 株式会社豊田中央研究所 | Plant body for increasing plant phloem tissue and use thereof |
| CN112493242A (en) * | 2020-12-27 | 2021-03-16 | 福建山瓜瓜农业发展有限公司 | Biological preparation for preventing toxicity and harm for plant grafting propagation and preparation method thereof |
-
2022
- 2022-07-25 CN CN202210877418.5A patent/CN115053745B/en active Active
Patent Citations (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| SU1423049A1 (en) * | 1986-01-16 | 1988-09-15 | Н. А. Сидоров | Method of grafting trees by means of connecting member |
| DE102013013657A1 (en) * | 2013-08-16 | 2014-01-30 | Bast & Faser GmbH Prenzlau | Method for isolating phloem bark of timber portion from e.g. flax, for manufacturing phloem bark product in e.g. automotive industry, involves dividing the tissue for disconnecting phloem bark by tractive force from timber portion |
| CN104871834A (en) * | 2015-05-04 | 2015-09-02 | 四川省林业科学研究院 | Walnut touch skin grafting method |
| JP2020043830A (en) * | 2018-09-20 | 2020-03-26 | 株式会社豊田中央研究所 | Plant body for increasing plant phloem tissue and use thereof |
| CN109691312A (en) * | 2019-01-15 | 2019-04-30 | 丽水市农业科学研究院 | A kind of rare tea tree single plant resource grafting plus cuttage fast breeding method |
| CN110622717A (en) * | 2019-11-13 | 2019-12-31 | 丽水市农业科学研究院 | Landscape tea tree cultivation method |
| CN112493242A (en) * | 2020-12-27 | 2021-03-16 | 福建山瓜瓜农业发展有限公司 | Biological preparation for preventing toxicity and harm for plant grafting propagation and preparation method thereof |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
| Title |
|---|
| 果树嫁接技术原理新探讨;李干英;;现代园艺(第8期);全文 * |
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