CN109691312A - A kind of rare tea tree single plant resource grafting plus cuttage fast breeding method - Google Patents
A kind of rare tea tree single plant resource grafting plus cuttage fast breeding method Download PDFInfo
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- CN109691312A CN109691312A CN201910035667.8A CN201910035667A CN109691312A CN 109691312 A CN109691312 A CN 109691312A CN 201910035667 A CN201910035667 A CN 201910035667A CN 109691312 A CN109691312 A CN 109691312A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G2/00—Vegetative propagation
- A01G2/30—Grafting
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G2/00—Vegetative propagation
- A01G2/10—Vegetative propagation by means of cuttings
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/10—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing inorganic material
- A01G24/12—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing inorganic material containing soil minerals
- A01G24/15—Calcined rock, e.g. perlite, vermiculite or clay aggregates
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/20—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material
- A01G24/28—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material containing peat, moss or sphagnum
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G31/00—Soilless cultivation, e.g. hydroponics
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- Developmental Biology & Embryology (AREA)
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- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
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Abstract
The invention belongs to tea tree multiplication technique field more particularly to a kind of rare tea tree single plant resource grafting plus cuttage fast breeding methods.A kind of rare tea tree single plant resource grafting plus cuttage fast breeding method, include the following steps: the processing of (1) brick wood；(2) processing of scion；(3) low level is grafted；(4) grafting post-processing；(5) preparation of non-woven bag as substrate；(6) clip of cuttage fringe bar；(7) cuttings is handled；(8) it is managed after cuttage；(9) tea shoot is out of the garden, and expands the radix of tea germplasm in a short time by above method, shortens and expands numerous period, and be rapidly converted into productivity, increases Tea Breeding material.Tea Germplasm radix can be expanded in a short time by the grafting of this patent and rapid propagation method, and the survival rate and growth potential of single plant tea resource reach remarkable result, this combined method meets the needs of rare tea tree single plant resource fast breeding seedling.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to tea tree multiplication technique field more particularly to a kind of rare tea tree single plant resource grafting plus cuttage are quick
Mating system.
Background technique
Tea Germplasm is the material base of Tea Breeding, genetic research and Commercial cultivation.Excellent Tea Germplasm
It is rare numbers, the limited rare Tea Germplasm of distribution, is the treasured for carrying out the researchs such as tea tree genetic diversity, crossbreeding
Your material.
It is rare that many elite seedling resources such as yellow, albefaction and purpleization etc. are excavated in group kind tea place and old tea place now
Resources of Tea Plant, and how fast breeding is carried out to these the excellent Resources of Tea Plant having found, and put into tealeaves in a short time
It is had become in production for one of breeder's urgent problem.
Tradition tea tree mating system survival rate is lower at present, and the population expansion period is longer, especially to some rare tea
Single plant resource is set, the needs of excellent tea tree single plant resource fast breeding seedling is not able to satisfy, hinders tea tree elite seedling resource
Excavation and utilization.
Summary of the invention
The purpose of the present invention is to provide a kind of rare excellent Resources of Tea Plant of the single plant of excavation, pass through grafting 1 from 1 plant of resource
Breeding adds cuttage fast breeding method to the even more rare tea tree single plant resource grafting of 100 branches within year.
The technical solution adopted by the present invention to solve the technical problems is:
A kind of rare tea tree single plant resource grafting plus cuttage fast breeding method, include the following steps:
(1) the processing of brick wood: the Pingyang Tezaocha tree kind for being 4-6 using the age of tree is stock, with three faces before grafting starts
It grinds sawtooth file and carries out sawing, the stub of height 8-12cm from the ground is formed, and the cross section of stub is smooth, in case transferring
It connects；
(2) the processing of scion: using rare single plant resource tea tree branch as scion branch, scion branch is cut with cutter
At the short fringe of two-sided flat wedge shape, cut the long control in face in 1.5-2cm, and two sides section is smooth, the centre of two sides section there are
The bast of 0.1-0.2cm, short spike length degree 2.5-3cm, 1 healthy and strong axillary bud of band and 1 climax leaves, and ensure bevel and blade
Position is not ipsilateral, in case grafting；
(3) low level is grafted: the stock straight sword solid wood handle grafting knife cross of step (1) is hit exactly into stock of vertically riving,
The notch depth rived can be adjusted with 2-4cm, notch depth according to the length of scion cutting surface, remove sprouting and the flower of blade
Flower bud, by step (2) in case scion be vertically bumped into stock and split interface, keep the bast of stock and scion side and forming layer equal
Vertical alignment simultaneously coincide, not tiltable, and making the direction blade of scion, each blade for being bumped into notch is not interfere with each other, generally outwardly
Cross-cut can be bumped into 4 scion；
(4) grafting post-processing: graft union is tied up with preservative film, then fills with water with the transparent cup of disposable plastic and places grafting
The side of stub, spacing 8-12cm set up big arch shed and Small plastic shed with bamboo stick, and Small plastic shed covers above apart from ground 35-45cm
The PE film of one slice width 1.2-1.8m, film bottom soil pressure tightly ensure that edge is seamless, big to encircle to prevent the evaporation of arched shed internal moisture
Canopy covers the sunshade net of one layer of shading rate 80-88% away from ground 65-75cm above, and sunshade network edge is fixed with waddy, prevents from hiding
Screened postive is started and is scraped off；
(5) the preparation of non-woven bag as substrate: a batch hole tray non-woven bag Light medium customized, packed matrix diameter specifications
7-9cm determines the amount of matrix according to the quantity of cuttage, and carries out disinfection to matrix and water drenching, it is ensured that every disk base material moisture is sufficient；
(6) the clip of cuttage fringe bar: clip graft 1 year after mature branch, branch bar semi-lignified is in rufous, blade at
Ripe, axillary bud is intact, and without serious pest and disease damage, after when before when the morning 10 or afternoon 3, fringe bar deposits in shady place after cutting, as far as possible
Accomplish that the same day cuts the same day and inserts.The short spike length degree 3cm of the cuttage of clip, 1 healthy and strong axillary bud of band and 1 climax leaves, by fringe bar nature
1 section of pitch is cut into a fringe, and pitch is too long to answer appropriate length, too short that 1 fringe should be cut into 2 sections, removes lower leaflet, female leaf mistake
Greatly, it need to suitably trim；Cuttings clip is smooth, and upper and lower clip is in 45 ° and the equidirectional inclination of female leaf, and upper clip is from bastem 0.2-
0.3cm does not hurt bud when cutting；
(7) cuttings is handled: impregnating cuttings base portion, speed leaching using ABT root-inducing powder, concentration 300-500mg/L soaks 4-6s, leaching
Afterwards place 4-5h again cuttage into non-woven bag；
(8) manage after cuttage: 1. water management: soil relative water content is subject in nursery lot watering, preceding nursery soil of taking root
Earth relative water content 80%-90%, fine day daily water drenching 2-3 times；Nursery soil relative water content 70%-80%, fine after taking root
Its water drenching 1-2 times daily can place a temperature and humidity recorder in nursery lot；2. shade management: 6-8 month temperature is high, sunlight is strong,
Need lid double-layered sunshade net, obscurity 90%-95%；One layer of square of 9-10 month sunshade, obscurity is advisable with 80%-85%；November-
By taking off lid alternately control light income, increased fringe bar daylighting and Leaf Photosynthetic, frost or strong sunlight weather are answered within next year 2 months
Timely cover net；Before March to transplanting, sunshade net is gradually thrown off；3. nutrient management: preceding blade face of taking root needs top dressing, uses 1% tealeaves
Special complex fertilizer；Take root and root growth during root it is shallow and few, Nutrient Absorption is weak, using Water soluble fertilizer pouring root；It is regarded between root system peak period
Tea shoot growing way is in the ranks spreading fertilizer over the fields urea and compound fertilizer；Notice that fertilising is on a small quantity repeatedly dense after concentration is first dilute, avoids with ammonium bicarbonate and chlorination
Ammonia, fertilization time should be carried out in the fine day dusk or cloudy day；4. pest management: inspecting periodically the insect pest situation of cuttage seeding, in time
Worm is controlled, medicament kind, dosage and usage used are identical as production tea place；5. paying attention to periodically plucking flower bud to tea shoot topping；
(9) tea shoot is out of the garden: tea shoot is out of the garden period as 2 months-mid-March of mid-October to November or next year, should first pour before lifting
It is permeable, accomplish mostly band soil, hurts root, branch, leaf less.
Preferably, hole tray non-woven bag Light medium described in step 5 is the mixed of peat, vermiculite and perlite
It closes, the proportion of mixture is peat: vermiculite: perlite=2:1:1.
The advantages and benefits of the present invention are: the method for tea tree fast breeding has single node cutting, container cutting propagation to educate at present
Seedling and grafting etc., practice discovery by grafting (low level grafting combines moisture film and shading net covering method) and cuttage (container without
The nursery of woven fabric bag) combination mode, can by the rare excellent Resources of Tea Plant of the single plant of excavation, from 1 plant of resource by grafting 1 year within
Breed it is even more to 100 branches, then by 100 root graft branches by breeding within cuttage 1 year to 1000 plants of tea shoots even
It more, can be by 1 part of rare single plant tea resource fast-propagation to there is a certain number of more plants of tea trees to provide within short 2 year
Source expands Tea Germplasm radix, is rapidly converted into productivity in the short time.By the grafting of this patent and quickly numerous
Tea Germplasm radix can be expanded in a short time by growing method, and the survival rate of single plant tea resource and growth potential reach
Remarkable result, this combined method meet the needs of rare tea tree single plant resource fast breeding seedling.
Specific embodiment
Below to a preferred embodiment of the present invention will be described in detail.
The preferred embodiment of the present invention provides a kind of rare tea tree single plant resource grafting plus cuttage fast breeding method, including presses
The following steps that sequence carries out:
(1) the processing of brick wood: the Pingyang Tezaocha tree kind for being 4-6 using the age of tree is stock, with three faces before grafting starts
It grinds sawtooth file and carries out sawing, the stub of height 8-12cm from the ground is formed, and the cross section of stub is smooth, in case transferring
It connects；
(2) the processing of scion: using rare single plant resource tea tree branch as scion branch, scion branch is cut with cutter
At the short fringe of two-sided flat wedge shape, cut the long control in face in 1.5-2cm, and two sides section is smooth, the centre of two sides section there are
The bast of 0.1-0.2cm, short spike length degree 2.5-3cm, 1 healthy and strong axillary bud of band and 1 climax leaves, and ensure bevel and blade
Position is not ipsilateral, in case grafting；
(3) low level is grafted: the stock straight sword solid wood handle grafting knife cross of step (1) is hit exactly into stock of vertically riving,
The notch depth rived can be adjusted with 2-4cm, notch depth according to the length of scion cutting surface, remove sprouting and the flower of blade
Flower bud, by step (2) in case scion be vertically bumped into stock and split interface, keep the bast of stock and scion side and forming layer equal
Vertical alignment simultaneously coincide, not tiltable, and making the direction blade of scion, each blade for being bumped into notch is not interfere with each other, generally outwardly
Cross-cut can be bumped into 4 scion；
(4) grafting post-processing: graft union is tied up with preservative film, then fills with water with the transparent cup of disposable plastic and places grafting
The side of stub, spacing 8-12cm set up big arch shed and Small plastic shed with bamboo stick, and Small plastic shed covers above apart from ground 35-45cm
The PE film of one slice width 1.2-1.8m, film bottom soil pressure tightly ensure that edge is seamless, big to encircle to prevent the evaporation of arched shed internal moisture
Canopy covers the sunshade net of one layer of shading rate 80-88% away from ground 65-75cm above, and sunshade network edge is fixed with waddy, prevents from hiding
Screened postive is started and is scraped off；
(5) the preparation of non-woven bag as substrate: a batch hole tray non-woven bag Light medium customized, packed matrix diameter specifications
7-9cm determines the amount of matrix according to the quantity of cuttage, and carries out disinfection to matrix and water drenching, it is ensured that every disk base material moisture is sufficient,
Hole tray non-woven bag Light medium is the mixing of peat, vermiculite and perlite, and the proportion of mixture is peat: vermiculite: pearl
Rock=2:1:1；
(6) the clip of cuttage fringe bar: clip graft 1 year after mature branch, branch bar semi-lignified is in rufous, blade at
Ripe, axillary bud is intact, and without serious pest and disease damage, after when before when the morning 10 or afternoon 3, fringe bar deposits in shady place after cutting, as far as possible
Accomplish that the same day cuts the same day and inserts.The short spike length degree 2.5-3.5cm of the cuttage of clip, 1 healthy and strong axillary bud of band and 1 climax leaves, by fringe
1 section of item nature pitch is cut into a fringe, and pitch is too long to answer appropriate length, too short that 1 fringe should be cut into 2 sections, removes lower leaflet；
If female leaf is excessive, need to suitably trim；Cuttings clip is smooth, and upper and lower clip is in 45 ° and the equidirectional inclination of female leaf, and upper clip is from bud
Base 0.2-0.3cm, does not hurt bud when cutting；
(7) cuttings is handled: impregnating cuttings base portion, speed leaching using ABT root-inducing powder, concentration 300-500mg/L soaks 4-6s, leaching
Afterwards place 4-5h again cuttage into non-woven bag；
(8) manage after cuttage: 1. water management: soil relative water content is subject in nursery lot watering, preceding nursery soil of taking root
Earth relative water content 80%-90%, fine day daily water drenching 2-3 times, rainy days depends on the circumstances；Nursery soil is opposite after taking root contains
Water 70%-80%, fine day daily water drenching 1-2 times, rainy days depends on the circumstances, and a temperature and humidity record can be placed in nursery lot
Instrument；2. shade management: 6-8 month temperature is high, sunlight is strong, needs lid double-layered sunshade net, obscurity 90%-95%；9-10 month sunshade net
One layer of lid, obscurity is advisable with 80%-85%；By taking off lid alternately control light income, increased fringe bar daylighting within November to next year 2 months
And Leaf Photosynthetic, frost or strong sunlight weather answer timely cover net；Before March to transplanting, sunshade net is gradually thrown off；3. nutrient
Management: preceding blade face of taking root needs top dressing, uses 1% Special composite fertilizer for tea；Take root and root growth during root it is shallow and few, nutrient
Absorb it is weak, using Water soluble fertilizer pouring root；Depending on tea shoot growing way in the ranks spreading fertilizer over the fields urea and compound fertilizer between root system peak period；Notice that fertilising will be lacked
Amount is repeatedly, dense after concentration is first dilute, avoids with ammonium bicarbonate and sal-ammoniac, fertilization time should fine day at dusk or the cloudy day carries out；4. pest and disease damage
Management: inspecting periodically the insect pest situation of cuttage seeding, controls worm in time, medicament kind, dosage and usage used with production tea place phase
Together；5. paying attention to periodically plucking flower bud to tea shoot topping；
(9) tea shoot is out of the garden: tea shoot is out of the garden period as 2 months-mid-March of mid-October to November or next year, should first pour before lifting
It is permeable, accomplish mostly band soil, hurts root, branch, leaf less.
Operating process
The processing of brick wood: the Pingyang Tezaocha tree kind for being 4-6 using the age of tree is ground before grafting starts with three faces as stock
Saw gumming file carries out sawing, forms the stub of height 8-12cm from the ground, and the cross section of stub is smooth, in case grafting.
The selection of brick wood is as described in Table 1 in the step (1), can be seen that stock grafting survival rate highest by grafting comparative test
Be Pingyang Tezaocha tree kind, average out to 93.29%, followed by good tender tea leaves No.1 tea tree breed, average out to 84.05% is minimum
Be Dragon Well tea tea tree breed, average out to 80.72%.Therefore Pingyang Tezaocha tree kind is selected then to transfer for the stock of grafting
It connects and carries out sawing with three faces grinding sawtooth file before starting, form the stub of height 10cm or so from the ground, and stub is crosscutting
Face is smooth, in case grafting.(being shown in Table 1)
The different single plant tea resources of table 1 graft different stock survival rate application forms
The processing of scion: using rare single plant 1-10 Resources of Tea Plant as scion branch, scion branch is cut with cutter
At the short fringe of two-sided flat wedge shape, cut the long control in face in 1.5-2cm, and two sides section is smooth, the centre of two sides section there are
The bast of 0.1-0.2cm, short spike length degree 2.5-3cm, 1 healthy and strong axillary bud of band and 1 climax leaves, and ensure bevel and blade
Position is not ipsilateral, in case grafting.
Low level grafting: the vertical stock of riving in stock straight sword solid wood handle grafting knife cross center of step 1 is rived
Notch depth with 3cm, notch depth can be adjusted according to the length of scion cutting surface, remove sprouting and the bud of blade, will
Step 2 in case scion be vertically bumped into stock and split interface, keep the bast of stock and scion side and forming layer vertical right
Neat and coincide, not tiltable, making the direction blade of scion, each blade for being bumped into notch is not interfere with each other outwardly.
Grafting post-processing: graft union is tied up with preservative film, then fills with water with the transparent cup of disposable plastic and places grafting tree
The side of stake, spacing 10cm set up big arch shed and Small plastic shed with bamboo stick, and Small plastic shed covers a slice width apart from ground 40cm above
The PE film of 1.5m, film bottom soil pressure tightly ensure that edge is seamless, and to prevent the evaporation of arched shed internal moisture, big arch shed is away from ground
70cm covers the sunshade net of one layer of shading rate 85% above, and sunshade network edge is fixed with waddy, prevents sunshade net from starting and scraping
It opens.The growth potential of rare single plant 1-10 tea tree is investigated and (is shown in Table 2) after grafting half a year.
Growth potential application form after the different rare tea tree single plant resource grafting half a year of table 2
The preparation of non-woven bag as substrate: a batch hole tray non-woven bag Light medium peat customized: vermiculite: perlite=2:
1:1, packed matrix diameter specifications 8cm, the amount of matrix is determined according to the quantity of cuttage, and is carried out disinfection to matrix and water drenching, really
It is sufficient to protect every disk base material moisture.
The clip of cuttage fringe bar: clip graft 1 year after mature branch, branch bar semi-lignified, be in rufous, blade at
Ripe, axillary bud is intact, and without serious pest and disease damage, after when before when the morning 10 or afternoon 3, fringe bar deposits in shady place after cutting, to the greatest extent
Amount accomplishes that the same day cuts the same day and inserts.Short spike length degree 3cm of the cuttage of clip or so, 1 healthy and strong axillary bud of band and 1 climax leaves.Press fringe
1 section of item nature pitch is cut into a fringe, and pitch is too long to answer appropriate length, too short that 1 fringe should be cut into 2 sections, removes lower leaflet；
If female leaf is excessive, need to suitably trim；Cuttings clip is smooth, and upper and lower clip is in 45 ° and the equidirectional inclination of female leaf, and upper clip is from bud
Base 0.2-0.3cm, does not hurt bud when cutting.
Cuttings processing: cuttings base portion, speed leaching are impregnated using ABT root-inducing powder, concentration 450mg/L soaks 5-7s, places after leaching
4-5h again cuttage into non-woven bag.
Manage after cuttage: 1. water management: nursery lot watering is subject to soil relative water content, nursery soil before taking root
Relative water content 80%-90%, fine day daily water drenching 2-3 times, rainy days depends on the circumstances；Nursery soil relative hydration after taking root
70%-80% is measured, fine day daily water drenching 1-2 times, rainy days depends on the circumstances, and a temperature and humidity record can be placed in nursery lot
Instrument.2. shade management: 6-8 month temperature is high, sunlight is strong, needs lid double-layered sunshade net, obscurity 90%-95%；9-10 month sunshade net
One layer of lid, obscurity is with 80%-85%；Next year 2 months November-by taking off lid alternately control light income, increased fringe bar daylighting and leaf
Piece rate of photosynthisis, frost or strong sunlight weather answer timely cover net；Before March to transplanting, sunshade net is gradually thrown off.3. nutrient pipe
Reason: preceding blade face of taking root needs top dressing, uses 1% Special composite fertilizer for tea；Take root and root growth during root it is shallow and few, nutrient is inhaled
Receive it is weak, using Water soluble fertilizer pouring root；Depending on tea shoot growing way in the ranks spreading fertilizer over the fields urea and compound fertilizer between root system peak period；Notice that fertilising is a small amount of
Repeatedly, dense after concentration is first dilute, avoid with ammonium bicarbonate and sal-ammoniac, fertilization time should fine day at dusk or the cloudy day carries out.4. pest and disease damage pipe
Reason: inspecting periodically the insect pest situation of cuttage seeding, controls worm in time, and medicament kind, dosage and usage used are identical as production tea place.
5. paying attention to periodically plucking flower bud to tea shoot topping.
Tea shoot is out of the garden: tea shoot is out of the garden period as 2 months-mid-March of November mid-October-or next year, should first irrigate before lifting
Water accomplishes mostly band soil, hurts root, branch, leaf less.The 1-10 elite seedling emergence rate of cuttage can reach 95% or more, growth potential
Well, and amount is more.The survival rate and growth potential of rare single plant 1-10 tea tree are investigated and (be shown in Table 3) after cuttage half a year.
Survival rate and growth potential application form after the different rare tea tree single plant resource cuttage half a year of table 3
Practice discovery: pass through grafting (low level grafting combines moisture film and shading net covering method) and cuttage (container nonwoven
Cloth bag nursery) combination mode, by the rare excellent Resources of Tea Plant of the single plant of collection, from 1 plant of resource by grafting 1 year within breed
It is even more to 100 branches then even more to 1000 plants of tea shoots by breeding within cuttage 1 year by 100 root graft branches,
It can be short by 1 part of rare single plant tea resource fast-propagation to there is a certain number of more plants of Resources of Tea Plant within short 2 year
Tea Germplasm radix is expanded in time, and the survival rate of single plant tea resource and growth potential reach remarkable result, this
Kind combined method meets the needs of rare tea tree single plant resource fast breeding seedling.
Claims (2)
1. a kind of rare tea tree single plant resource grafting plus cuttage fast breeding method, it is characterised in that include the following steps:
The processing of brick wood: the Pingyang Tezaocha tree kind for being 4-6 using the age of tree is stock, with three face abrasive saws before grafting starts
Tooth file carries out sawing, forms the stub of height 8-12cm from the ground, and the cross section of stub is smooth, in case grafting；
The processing of scion: using rare single plant resource tea tree branch as scion branch, scion branch is whittled into cutter two-sided
The short fringe of flat wedge shape cuts the long control in face in 1.5-2cm, and two sides section is smooth, and there are 0.1-0.2cm for the centre of two sides section
Bast, short spike length degree 2.5-3cm, 1 healthy and strong axillary bud of band and 1 climax leaves, and ensure that bevel is different from leaf position
Side, in case grafting；
Low level grafting: the vertical stock of riving in stock straight sword solid wood handle grafting knife cross center of step (1) is rived
Notch depth can be adjusted with 2-4cm, notch depth according to the length of scion cutting surface, remove sprouting and the bud of blade, will
Step (2) in case scion be vertically bumped into stock and split interface, keep the bast of stock and scion side and forming layer vertical
It is aligned and coincide, not tiltable, making the direction blade of scion, each blade for being bumped into notch is not interfere with each other, general cross outwardly
Shape notch can be bumped into 4 scion；
Grafting post-processing: graft union is tied up with preservative film, then fills with water with the transparent cup of disposable plastic and places grafting stub
Side, spacing 8-12cm set up big arch shed and Small plastic shed with bamboo stick, and Small plastic shed covers a slice width apart from ground 35-45cm above
The PE film of 1.2-1.8m, film bottom soil pressure tightly ensure that edge is seamless, and to prevent the evaporation of arched shed internal moisture, big arch shed is away from ground
Face 65-75cm covers the sunshade net of one layer of shading rate 80-88% above, and sunshade network edge is fixed with waddy, prevents sunshade net from lifting
It rises and scrapes off；
The preparation of non-woven bag as substrate: a batch hole tray non-woven bag Light medium customized, packed matrix diameter specifications 7-9 cm,
The amount of matrix is determined according to the quantity of cuttage, and is carried out disinfection to matrix and water drenching, it is ensured that every disk base material moisture is sufficient；
The clip of cuttage fringe bar: the mature branch after clip grafting 1 year, branch bar semi-lignified are in rufous, and blade is mature, armpit
Bud is intact, and without serious pest and disease damage, after when before when the morning 10 or afternoon 3, fringe bar deposits in shady place after cutting, accomplish to work as far as possible
It is cut the same day and inserts；
The short spike length degree 2.5-3.5cm of the cuttage of clip, 1 healthy and strong axillary bud of band and 1 climax leaves, by 1 section of fringe bar nature pitch
It is cut into a fringe, pitch is too long to answer appropriate length, and too short that 1 fringe should be cut into 2 sections, removal lower leaflet, female leaf is excessive, need to fit
Work as trimming；Cuttings clip is smooth, and upper and lower clip is cut in 45 ° and the equidirectional inclination of female leaf, upper clip from bastem 0.2-0.3cm
When do not hurt bud；
Cuttings processing: cuttings base portion, speed leaching are impregnated using ABT root-inducing powder, concentration 300-500mg/L soaks 4-6s, places after leaching
4-5h again cuttage into non-woven bag；
Manage after cuttage: 1. water management: nursery lot watering is subject to soil relative water content, nursery soil is opposite before taking root
Water content 80%-90%, fine day daily water drenching 2-3 times；Nursery soil relative water content 70%-80% after taking root, the daily water drenching of fine day
1-2 times, a temperature and humidity recorder can be placed in nursery lot；2. shade management: 6-8 month temperature is high, sunlight is strong, need to cover the double-deck screening
Screened postive, obscurity 90%-95%；One layer of square of 9-10 month sunshade, obscurity is with 80%-85%；November to next year 2 months by taking off lid
Alternately control light income, increases fringe bar daylighting and Leaf Photosynthetic, frost or strong sunlight weather answer timely cover net；March arrives
Before transplanting, sunshade net is gradually thrown off；3. nutrient management: preceding blade face of taking root needs top dressing, uses 1% Special composite fertilizer for tea；It takes root
And root is shallow and few during root growth, Nutrient Absorption is weak, using Water soluble fertilizer pouring root；It is spread depending on tea shoot growing way in the ranks between root system peak period
Apply urea and compound fertilizer；Notice that fertilising is on a small quantity repeatedly dense after concentration is first dilute, avoid with ammonium bicarbonate and sal-ammoniac, fertilization time should be
Fine day is at dusk or the cloudy day carries out；4. pest management: inspecting periodically the insect pest situation of cuttage seeding, control worm, medicament kind used in time
Class, dosage and usage are identical as production tea place；5. paying attention to periodically plucking flower bud to tea shoot topping；
Tea shoot is out of the garden: tea shoot is out of the garden period as 2 months-mid-March of mid-October to November or next year, should first sprinkle profoundly water before lifting,
Accomplish mostly band soil, hurts root, branch, leaf less.
2. a kind of rare tea tree single plant resource grafting according to claim 1 plus cuttage fast breeding method, feature exist
In hole tray non-woven bag Light medium described in step 5 is the mixing of peat, vermiculite and perlite, and the proportion of mixture is
Peat: vermiculite: perlite=2:1:1.
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| CN110622717A (en) * | 2019-11-13 | 2019-12-31 | 丽水市农业科学研究院 | Landscape tea tree cultivation method |
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| CN111657041A (en) * | 2020-06-28 | 2020-09-15 | 南京农业大学 | Efficient rapid propagation method for improving tea seedling resistance |
| CN112056102A (en) * | 2020-09-24 | 2020-12-11 | 中国农业科学院茶叶研究所 | Method for promoting root growth of tea tree cutting seedlings |
| CN115053745A (en) * | 2022-07-25 | 2022-09-16 | 丽水市农林科学研究院 | Method for improving grafting survival rate of tea trees |
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