CN114190177B - Kiwi fruit yield increasing and efficiency increasing method - Google Patents
Kiwi fruit yield increasing and efficiency increasing method Download PDFInfo
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- CN114190177B CN114190177B CN202111641583.2A CN202111641583A CN114190177B CN 114190177 B CN114190177 B CN 114190177B CN 202111641583 A CN202111641583 A CN 202111641583A CN 114190177 B CN114190177 B CN 114190177B
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G2/00—Vegetative propagation
- A01G2/10—Vegetative propagation by means of cuttings
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
- A01C21/005—Following a specific plan, e.g. pattern
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G7/00—Botany in general
- A01G7/06—Treatment of growing trees or plants, e.g. for preventing decay of wood, for tingeing flowers or wood, for prolonging the life of plants
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of plant cultivation, and particularly relates to a yield-increasing and efficiency-increasing method for kiwi fruits. The invention uses branches of large-seed kiwi fruit male plants to carry out cuttage, branches and tendrils of cuttage seedlings are bridged to trunks of target plants to obtain bridged and stock-changing seedlings, a bactericide is not required to be applied to disinfect soil, and grafted seedlings are not required to be cultivated first and then soil is changed for planting or seedling changing, so that the growth vigor of low-yield and low-efficiency plants can be obviously recovered in the current year, the survival rate of the obtained bridged and stock-changing seedlings reaches more than 93.10%, the single-yield of the plants in the current year is increased by 11.29% -13.95% compared with that of the plants in the current year, the trunk diameter of the low-yield and low-efficiency plants is increased by 3.40% -4.42% compared with that of the conventional method, and the yields in the second year and the third year are respectively increased by 24.95% -28.59% and 40.53% -44.21%.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of plant cultivation, and particularly relates to a yield-increasing and efficiency-increasing method for kiwi fruits.
Background
China is the world kiwi wild resource distribution center, and the kiwi cultivation area and yield are the first in the world. At present, the kiwi fruits have 75 classification units according to the plant classification method, but only 4 varieties (subspecies) are commercially cultivated and utilized in production, namely, delicious kiwi fruits, chinese kiwi fruits, actinidia arguta and actinidia arguta. Wherein the cultivation area of the Chinese goosebeery and the Chinese goosebeery is the largest. Other developments in addition are less useful.
In the cultivation process of kiwi fruits, grafting treatment is usually carried out. Most of the kiwi fruits cultivated at present are grafted seedlings. The grafting method comprises the following steps: the method of inserting skin, tongue grafting, split grafting, cutting grafting, bud grafting and the like is adopted. After grafting, the treatments of cutting the stock, removing the seedlings, unbinding, standing the support, picking the core, and temporarily planting are also carried out. The difficulty and easiness of the grafting survival of the kiwi fruits and the proper combination of the stock and the spike are main factors influencing the breeding of good varieties of the kiwi fruits. However, along with the development of production and pursuit of maximization of benefits, adverse effects caused by randomly using delicious kiwi fruit seedlings as stocks are continuously prominent, such as poor waterlogging resistance, slow growth in sticky or moist soil, and easy root rot infection, so that the low-yield and low-efficiency garden area in production is continuously enlarged.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the defects of the prior art and provide a method for increasing yield and efficiency of kiwi fruits, which can simply, conveniently and rapidly improve the survival rate and growth vigor of low-yield and low-efficiency plants and increase the yield.
The invention provides a method for increasing yield and efficiency of kiwi fruits, which comprises the following steps:
cutting the branches of the male kiwi fruit plants with large seeds beside the target plants, bridging the branches and tendrils of the surviving cutting seedlings to the trunks of the target plants, and obtaining bridging and stock changing seedlings.
Preferably, the survival rate of the large-seed kiwi fruit male plant cutting seedlings is more than or equal to 96 percent, the death rate is 0 percent under the condition of flooding for more than 30 days, and the soil volume weight is 1.43g/cm 3 Root system in sticky and heavy yellow soilThe growth and development are good.
Preferably, the distance between the branches of the large-seed kiwi fruit male plant and the target plant is 20-25 cm.
Preferably, the method further comprises sealing the biological upper ends of the large-seed kiwi fruit male plant branches before cutting, and dipping the biological lower ends of the large-seed kiwi fruit male plant branches into root.
Preferably, before bridging, the first additional fertilizer is carried out when the male plant cutting seedlings of the large-seed kiwi fruits sprout and grow to 15-20 cm;
the first additional fertilizer comprises 3 times of urea and 1 time of balanced water-soluble fertilizer, the time interval between the two adjacent times of urea application is 20d, and the time interval between the 3 rd time of urea application and the balanced water-soluble fertilizer application is 15d;
the application amount of urea is 50-75 g/plant each time; the application amount of the balanced water-soluble fertilizer is 75-100 g/plant; the balanced water-soluble fertilizer comprises, by mass, 15% -20% of nitrogen, 15% -20% of phosphorus and 15% -20% of potassium.
Preferably, after the bridging, the method further comprises girdling the trunk of the target plant at a position of 5-8 cm below the bridging port.
Preferably, the depth of the girdling is 1-3 mm; the number of the girdling turns is 2, and the distance between the two girdling turns is 0.8-1.5 cm.
Preferably, after the bridging and anvil-changing seedling is obtained, the method further comprises the step of performing second additional fertilizer 30-40 d after the bridging and anvil-changing seedling bridging opening is healed, and performing third additional fertilizer 5 months after healing.
Preferably, the second additional fertilizer comprises applying 2 times of high nitrogen type water-soluble fertilizer, and the time interval is 15d;
the application amount of the high-nitrogen water-soluble fertilizer is 75-100 g/strain each time; in the high-nitrogen type water-soluble fertilizer, the mass percentage of nitrogen is 30% -40%, the mass percentage of phosphorus is 10% -15%, and the mass percentage of potassium is 10% -15%.
Preferably, the third additional fertilizer comprises the application of 2 times of high-phosphorus high-potassium water-soluble fertilizer, and the time interval is 15d;
the application amount of the high-phosphorus high-potassium water-soluble fertilizer is 100-120 g/strain each time; the high-phosphorus high-potassium water-soluble fertilizer comprises, by mass, 6% -13% of nitrogen, 14% -17% of phosphorus and 30% -40% of potassium.
The invention cuts the branches of male kiwi fruit plants with large seeds beside target plants, and bridges branches and tendrils of surviving cutting seedlings to trunks of the target plants to obtain bridging and stock-changing seedlings. The large-seed kiwi fruit male plant has the outstanding characteristics of fast cutting rooting, high emergence rate, jiang Wang growth vigor and the like, the survival rate of cutting seedlings is more than or equal to 96%, the death rate is 0% when flooding is carried out for more than 30 days, and the soil volume weight is 1.43g/cm 3 The root system in the sticky yellow soil grows well, is an excellent stock variety, and bridges the branches and tendrils of the large-seed kiwi fruit male plant cutting seedlings to the trunk of the target plant, so that the survival rate and growth vigor of the target plant can be improved, and the yield can be improved.
The invention combines bridging with accurate management of fertilizer and water and trunk girdling measures, does not need to apply bactericide to disinfect soil, and can quickly realize yield and efficiency increase of weak trees without cultivating grafted seedlings and then changing soil for seedling replacement. The example results show that the survival rate of the bridge stock-changing seedlings obtained by bridging in the current year can reach more than 93.10%, the single yield of the plants in the current year is increased by 11.29-13.95% compared with that of the plants in the current year, the trunk diameter of the low-yield and low-efficiency plants is increased by 3.40-4.422% compared with that of the plants in the current year, and the yields in the second year and the third year are respectively increased by 24.95-28.59% and 40.54-44.21%.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings that are required to be used in the embodiments will be briefly described below.
FIG. 1 shows cutting rooting conditions of different kiwi fruit varieties;
FIG. 2 shows the survival of male kiwi fruit seedlings of example 1 after 10 days of a flooding experiment;
FIG. 3 shows the survival condition of the male kiwi fruit cutting seedlings of example 1 after 30 days of flooding experiment;
FIG. 4 shows rooting conditions of the male plants of the large-seed kiwi fruits of example 1 after lodging in the cuttings Miao Zhiman;
fig. 5 shows the biological upper end of the cutting branch before cutting is dipped and sealed by paraffin melted at high temperature;
FIG. 6 shows that the biological lower end of a cutting branch is soaked with indolebutyric acid with the mass concentration of 0.7% before cutting;
fig. 7 shows the male cutting branches of the large-seed kiwi fruit after the sealing treatment and the root dipping treatment;
fig. 8 is a graph of bridging results for example 2.
Detailed Description
The invention provides a method for increasing yield and efficiency of kiwi fruits, which comprises the following steps:
cutting branches of male kiwi fruits with large seeds beside a target plant, and bridging branches and tendrils of cutting seedlings to trunks of the target plant after the branches and tendrils survive to obtain bridging and stock-changing seedlings.
In the invention, the distance between the large-seed kiwi fruit male plant branches and the target plant is preferably 20-25 cm, and more preferably 22-24 cm. The branches are preferably aged spring tips of male plants of 1-year-old large-seed kiwi fruits; the length of the branches is preferably 25-30 cm, and more preferably 26-28 cm; the thickness of the two ends of the branches is preferably more than or equal to 0.6cm. The large-seed kiwi fruit male plant is obtained by screening wild resources, particularly by a flooding test, measuring the CAT, SOD, POD, MDH enzyme activity, hydrogen peroxide content, root activity and other physiological indexes of different stock leaves in the flooding process, comprehensively evaluating by a membership function method to obtain the large-seed kiwi fruit male plant with the outstanding characteristics of rapid cutting rooting, high emergence rate, jiang Wang growth and the like, wherein the survival rate of the large-seed kiwi fruit male plant cutting seedlings obtained by taking the large-seed kiwi fruit male plant as a cutting parent plant through cutting is more than or equal to 96%, the death rate is 0% under the condition of flooding for more than 30 days, and the soil volume weight is 1.43g/cm 3 The root system in the sticky yellow soil grows well, and can be used as a high-quality stock material; in addition, the invention directly cuts the male branches of the large-seed kiwi fruits beside the target plants to obtain the pre-cut seedlings, and compared with the traditional field planting seedlings, the method has the advantages of simpler operation and lower cost.
Before cutting, the invention preferably performs sealing treatment on the biological upper end of the large-seed kiwi fruit male branch, and performs root dipping treatment on the biological lower end of the large-seed kiwi fruit male branch. The sealing treatment mode is preferably to dip and seal the biological upper end of the large-seed kiwi fruit male plant branch quickly by using paraffin melted at high temperature; the root dipping treatment mode is preferably to put the biological lower end of the large-seed kiwi fruit male plant branch into indolebutyric acid with the mass concentration of 0.7% for soaking for 3-5 seconds. The biological upper end of the cutting pin is quickly dipped and sealed by paraffin melted at high temperature, so that the field water loss of the cutting pin can be prevented, and the biological lower end of the cutting pin is soaked for 3-5 seconds by indolebutyric acid with the mass concentration of 0.7%, so that wound can be promoted to quickly generate callus and root.
After the cutting seedlings are obtained, the first additional fertilizer is preferably carried out when the cutting seedlings sprout and grow to 15-20 cm. The first additional fertilizer of the invention preferably comprises the application of 3 times urea and 1 time balanced water-soluble fertilizer. The amount of urea to be applied per time in the present invention is preferably 50 to 75 g/strain, more preferably 60 to 70 g/strain, still more preferably 62 to 78 g/strain. The time interval between two adjacent applications of urea according to the invention is preferably 20d. The time interval between the 3 rd time of urea application and the application of the balanced water-soluble fertilizer is preferably 15d. The present invention preferably applies the balanced water-soluble fertilizer after 3 applications of urea. The urea according to the invention is preferably a urea solution with a mass concentration of 0.3%. The invention has no strict requirement on the source of the urea solution with the mass concentration of 0.3 percent, and can be prepared conventionally. In the implementation process of the invention, the urea solution with the mass concentration of 0.3% is purchased from Beijing Zhi Fangjingcheng technology Co., ltd, and the product number SU8070.
In the present invention, the amount of the balanced water-soluble fertilizer applied is preferably 75 to 100 g/strain, more preferably 80 to 95 g/strain, and even more preferably 85 to 90 g/strain. The mass percentage of nitrogen in the balanced water-soluble fertilizer is preferably 15-20%, and more preferably 16-18%. The mass percentage of phosphorus in the balanced water-soluble fertilizer is preferably 15-20%, and more preferably 16-18%. The mass percentage of potassium in the balanced water-soluble fertilizer is preferably 15-20%, and more preferably 16-18%. The source of the balanced water-soluble fertilizer is not strictly required, and the balanced water-soluble fertilizer can be prepared conventionally or purchased. In the implementation process of the invention, the balanced water-soluble fertilizer is purchased from mountain east sea star import and export limited company, and the product number is YM200008. The present invention preferably applies the balanced water-soluble fertilizer after the last application of urea 15d. The urea and the balanced water-soluble fertilizer are used as the components of the first additional fertilizer, so that the rapid thickening growth and the growth of the cutting seedlings can be realized within 2 months after the survival of the cutting seedlings, and the young shoots are aged, thereby fully preparing for bridging.
The branches and tendrils of the cutting seedlings are bridged to the trunks of target plants, and the bridged stock-changing seedlings are obtained. The invention preferably leaves a thick bud after the cutting seedling sprouts in spring, the rest is erased, the core is plucked after the cutting seedling grows to 60cm long, and the old branches and tendrils are used for bridging after the cutting seedling is old. The bridging time of the invention is preferably 6 days of the last year of the spring germination of the cutting seedlings. The invention has no strict requirements on the bridging mode, and the conventional bridging mode is adopted.
In the present invention, the target plants include low yield and low efficiency kiwi fruit plants. The low yield and low efficiency judgment standard of the invention is that the single plant yield is more than 30% lower than that of a normal plant, the trunk thickness is more than 20% lower than that of the normal plant, and the average length of updated branches extracted in the same year on the plant is less than 100cm. In the practice of the invention, the target plants for bridging preferably include 'Xu Xiang' and 'red sun'.
After the bridging and anvil-changing seedling is obtained, the invention immediately girdles the trunk of the target plant at the position 5-8 cm below the bridging opening. The depth of the girdling is preferably just enough to cut the cortex and does not damage the xylem, and is further preferably 1-3 mm; the number of turns of the girdling is preferably 2, and the distance between two girdling turns is preferably 0.8-1.5 cm, and more preferably 1.0-1.2 cm. According to the invention, the girdling treatment is carried out on the bridging stock-changing seedlings, so that auxin regulating substances and carbohydrates generated by branches and leaves on target plants can be promoted to be transported to the bridging stock, and the bridging survival rate is improved. The invention preferably cuts off the target plants below the bridge connection when the bridge-replaced seedlings grow to the summer period of the 2 nd year (namely 5-6 months).
The invention preferably carries out the second topdressing 30-40 days after the bridging and anvil-changing seedling bridging opening heals, namely, bridging at the end of 7 months in the current year. The second additional fertilizer preferably comprises the application of 2 times of high nitrogen type water-soluble fertilizer. The amount of the high nitrogen type water-soluble fertilizer to be applied per time is preferably 75 to 100 g/strain, more preferably 80 to 95 g/strain, and even more preferably 85 to 90 g/strain. The time interval between two adjacent high nitrogen type water soluble fertilizers is preferably 15d. The mass percentage of nitrogen in the high-nitrogen water-soluble fertilizer is preferably 30-40%, and more preferably 35-38%. The mass percentage of phosphorus in the high-nitrogen water-soluble fertilizer is preferably 10% -15%, and more preferably 12% -14%. The mass percentage of potassium in the high-nitrogen water-soluble fertilizer is preferably 10-15%, and more preferably 12-14%. The high-nitrogen water-soluble fertilizer has no strict requirement on the source of the high-nitrogen water-soluble fertilizer, and can be prepared conventionally or purchased. In the implementation process of the invention, the high-nitrogen water-soluble fertilizer is purchased from Qingdao Leiwo biotechnology Co., ltd., product number 001. The high-nitrogen water-soluble fertilizer is used as a component of the secondary additional fertilizer, so that the nutrition growth of target plants can be promoted, the quantity of branches and leaves can be recovered as soon as possible, and the swelling of fruits and the rapid growth of updated branches and tendrils can be promoted.
The invention preferably carries out the third topdressing 5 months after the bridging and anvil-changing seedling bridging opening heals, namely 9 middle ten days of the same year of bridging. The third additional fertilizer preferably comprises the application of 2 times of high-phosphorus high-potassium water-soluble fertilizer. The amount of the high-phosphorus and high-potassium type water-soluble fertilizer to be applied in each time is preferably 100 to 120 g/plant, more preferably 105 to 115 g/plant, and even more preferably 108 to 110 g/plant. The time interval between two adjacent applications of the high-phosphorus high-potassium type water-soluble fertilizer is preferably 15d. The mass percentage of nitrogen in the high-phosphorus high-potassium water-soluble fertilizer is preferably 6% -13%, and more preferably 8% -10%. The mass percentage of phosphorus in the high-phosphorus high-potassium type water-soluble fertilizer is preferably 14-17%, and more preferably 15-16%. The mass percentage of potassium in the high-phosphorus high-potassium water-soluble fertilizer is preferably 30% -40%, and more preferably 35% -38%. The source of the high-phosphorus high-potassium type water-soluble fertilizer is not strictly required, and the fertilizer can be prepared conventionally or purchased. In the implementation process of the invention, the high-phosphorus high-potassium type water-soluble fertilizer is purchased from Qingdao Asian import and export trade company, and the product number is GOPTON-001. The invention takes the high-phosphorus high-potassium water-soluble fertilizer as the component of the third additional fertilizer, can promote the accumulation of the fruit sugar and the enrichment of branches and tendrils of the target plant, and improves the flower bud differentiation quality.
In the specific implementation process, the bridging survival rate can be improved without applying bactericide to improve soil.
The invention bridges branches and tendrils of large-seed kiwi fruit male plant cutting seedlings to target plants, especially low-yield and low-efficiency plant trunks, and can obviously recover low-yield and low-efficiency plant growth vigor by matching with later fertilization management, so that the survival rate of the obtained bridging stock-changing seedlings can reach more than 93.10%, the unit yield of the bridging plants in the current year is increased by 11.29-13.95% compared with that of the bridging plants in the conventional method, the trunk diameter of the low-yield and low-efficiency plant trunks is increased by 4.422% compared with that of the bridging plants in the conventional method, and the yields in the second year and the third year are respectively increased by 24.95-28.59% and 40.53-44.21%.
The technical solutions provided by the present invention are described in detail below with reference to the drawings and examples for further illustrating the present invention, but they should not be construed as limiting the scope of the present invention.
Grafting techniques used in the examples below were generally carried out according to conventional methods unless otherwise specified.
Example 1
A large-seed kiwi fruit male plant with good growth vigor is selected as a scion mother tree, 1-year-old and mature spring tips are selected during winter pruning, the scion is sheared into sections with the length of 30cm and the thickness of both ends being more than or equal to 0.6cm, the upper ends of the branches are sheared into flat mouths, the shearing mouths are separated from bud eyes by about 2cm, and the lower ends of the branches are sheared into inclined mouths. The biological upper ends of the cut branch sections are uniformly dipped and sealed by paraffin melted at high temperature to prevent water evaporation (as shown in figure 5), and the lower ends are wrapped by preservative films and then are put into 0-4 ℃ for refrigeration for standby.
In the city of City, river, wei, city, and Emei chessboard community (soil volume weight of 1.43 g/cm) 3 ) Cutting holes with the depth of 20cm are drilled by reinforcing steel bars with the diameter of 0.8cm, and inclined openings similar to cutting openings at the lower ends of cutting bars are formed at the lower ends of the reinforcing steel bars, so that the combination of cutting slips and soil is facilitated.
And (3) putting the biological lower end of the cutting branch prepared in advance into 0.7% indolebutyric acid solution for 5 seconds, immediately inserting the cutting branch into a cutting hole (as shown in figure 6) for 25 days, preferably just contacting with soil at the bottom of the hole, and moisturizing according to a tight hole opening, wherein the treated cutting branch is shown in figure 7.
Comparative examples 1 to 14
Cutting is carried out according to the mode of example 1, the varieties of the scion mother trees in comparative examples 1-14 are different from those in example 1, other steps are identical, the cutting performances of the varieties and corresponding varieties of the scion mother trees in example 1 and comparative examples 1-14 are specifically shown in table 1 and figures 1-4, wherein the types of kiwi fruits corresponding to each other from left to right in figure 1 are the cutting rooting conditions of the kiwi fruit female plants 1, the kiwi fruit female plants, the large-seed kiwi fruit male plants, the large-seed kiwi fruit female plants, the kiwi fruit female plants 1 and the kiwi fruit female plants 2; FIG. 2 shows the survival of male kiwi fruit seedlings of example 1 after 10 days of a flooding experiment; FIG. 3 shows the survival condition of the male kiwi fruit cutting seedlings of example 1 after 30 days of flooding experiment; fig. 4 shows rooting after lodging of male kiwi fruit plants Miao Zhiman in example 1.
TABLE 1 results of cutting experiments on different scion mother trees
As can be seen from Table 1 and FIGS. 1 to 4, the large-seed kiwi fruit male plant of the invention has the outstanding characteristics of fast cutting rooting, high emergence rate, strong growth vigor, random rooting after lodging of branches and tendrils, strong vitality and the like, the cutting survival rate reaches 96%, the death rate is 0% under the condition of flooding for more than 30 days, and the soil volume weight is 1.43g/cm 3 The root system in the sticky yellow soil grows well, and is a very difficult stock material.
Test example 1
In the test field described in example 1, kiwi fruits of the 'Xu Xiang' and 'red sun' varieties were grafted on the stock material of the kiwi fruits of the above table 1 by a conventional grafting method (refer to the budding method with wood proposed by Liu Jianming, 2010, agricultural technology communication), and the grafting survival rate was detected, and the detection results are shown in table 2 below.
TABLE 2 results of cutting experiments on different scion mother trees
According to Table 2, the large-seed kiwi fruit male plant has the outstanding characteristics of fast cutting rooting, high emergence rate, jiang Wang growth vigor and the like, is also a difficult-to-obtain stock material, and can improve the grafting survival rate of kiwi fruits by grafting 'Xu Xiang' kiwi fruits and 'red sun' kiwi fruits by using the stock material to reach 87% and 83% respectively.
Example 2
Test site: kiwi fruit resource nursery in modern agricultural park of agricultural academy of sciences of Sichuan province in Taixing town in new city area of Chengdu city.
Experimental ground conditions: in field planting in 2013, the vigor of the plants is seriously affected by two waterlogging in 2016 and 2018, 30 low-yield and low-efficiency green kiwi fruit variety 'Xu Xiang' plants are bridged by utilizing the large-seed kiwi fruit male plant in example 1 in the bottom of 2018, the picture after bridging is shown in fig. 8, and the steps of bridging and management after bridging are as follows:
(1) A large-seed kiwi fruit male plant with good growth vigor is selected as a scion mother tree, 1-year-old and mature spring tips are selected during winter pruning, the scion is sheared into sections with the length of 30cm and the thickness of both ends being more than or equal to 0.6cm, the upper ends of the branches are sheared into flat mouths, the shearing mouths are separated from bud eyes by about 2cm, and the lower ends of the branches are sheared into inclined mouths. Uniformly coating sealing paint on the upper ends of the cut branch sections to prevent water evaporation, wrapping the lower ends with preservative film, and refrigerating at 0-4deg.C for use. Cutting holes with the depth of 20cm are drilled at the positions about 25cm away from the trunk of 'Xu Xiang', reinforcing steel bars with the diameter of 0.8cm are used, and inclined openings similar to cutting openings at the lower ends of cutting bars are formed at the lower ends of the reinforcing steel bars, so that the combination of cutting slips and soil is facilitated.
(2) And (3) putting the cutting slips prepared in advance into 0.7% indolebutyric acid solution for soaking for 5 seconds for immediately inserting the cutting slips into cutting holes for 12 months and 22 days, and keeping moisture according to the tight hole opening when the cutting slips are just contacted with soil at the bottom of the hole.
(3) After sprouting in spring of 3 months and 20 days, selecting and reserving a thick bud, erasing the rest, and when sprouting grows to 20cm, applying 16.67L of urea with the mass concentration of 0.3% to each plant for 1 time, continuously applying 3 times in 20 days at intervals, and changing into applying 20.00L of balanced water-soluble fertilizer with the mass concentration of 0.5% to each plant for 1 time. And (3) taking the core when the plant grows to 60cm long, promoting the plant to age for 6 months and 5 days, bridging the branches and tendrils to the trunk of the low-yield and low-efficiency plant, and tightly binding the branches and tendrils.
(4) After bridging, the primary trunk is required to be subjected to girdling for 2 circles at the position 5cm below the bridging opening of Xu Xiang', so that the wound is promoted to heal as early as possible, the bridging survival rate is improved, and the rapid healthy growth of plants is promoted. And at the bottom of 7 months, applying 15.00L of high-nitrogen water-soluble fertilizer with mass concentration of 0.5% to each tree after the bridge joint is healed for 2 times at intervals of 15 days. In the middle of 9 months, 20.00L of high-phosphorus and high-potassium water-soluble fertilizer with the mass concentration of 0.5% is applied to each plant for 2 times at 15 days intervals.
Comparative example 15
The experimental plot was chosen in accordance with example 2, except that 20 low-yield and low-efficiency green-pulp kiwi variety 'Xu Xiang' plants were bridged by the field planting of the delicious kiwi fruit seedling stock at the end of 2018.
Test example 2
The cutting survival rate of example 2, bridging survival rate of example 2 and comparative example 15, and growth and yield of 3 years 'Xu Xiang' in succession were measured, and the measurement results are shown in table 3 below.
TABLE 3 bridging survival and Low yield Low efficiency plant vigor and yield
As shown in Table 3, the trunk diameter of the 'Xu Xiang' bridging in the current year is increased by 3.40% compared with that of the conventional method, the trunk diameters of the 'Xu Xiang' bridging in the second and third years are respectively increased by 10.18% and 19.33%, the yield per unit of the 'Xu Xiang' bridging in the current year is increased by 13.95% compared with that of the conventional grafting method of the comparative example 15, and the trunk diameters of the 'Xu Xiang' bridging in the current year are respectively increased by 28.59% and 40.54%. The method can improve the growth vigor of low-yield and low-efficiency plants and increase the yield.
Example 3
The difference from example 2 is the selection of experimental and bridging varieties, in particular:
test site: the Chengdu city is a city of Tianma Zhenjin Sheng community in the river weir.
Experimental ground conditions: the red-positive kiwi fruit grafted seedlings planted in 2014 are characterized in that 50% of plants in the whole 2016-year garden are all low-yield and low-efficiency plants due to the heavy soil viscosity and high underground water level, and 200 low-yield and low-efficiency red-positive' plants are bridged by utilizing the large-seed kiwi fruit male plant cuttage of the embodiment 1 in the 2018 year.
Comparative example 16
The experimental plot was chosen in accordance with example 3, except that 100 'red sun' plants were bridged by the field planting of the delicious kiwi fruit seedling stock at the end of 2018.
Test example 3
The cutting survival rate of example 3, bridging survival rate of example 3 and comparative example 16, and growth vigor and yield of 3 years 'red sun' in succession were measured, and the measurement results are shown in table 4 below.
TABLE 4 bridging survival and Low yield Low efficiency plant vigor and yield
As shown in Table 4, the diameter of the trunk of the 'Hongyang' of the method of the invention is increased by 4.422% compared with the conventional method, the diameters of the trunk of the 'Hongyang' of the method of the invention are respectively increased by 7.67% and 10.62% in the second year and the third year, the yield per unit of the plant of the 'Hongyang' of the method of the invention is increased by 11.29% compared with the conventional grafting method of comparative example 16 in the bridge, and the diameters of the trunk of the plant of the invention are respectively increased by 24.95% and 44.21% in the second year and the third year. The method can improve the growth vigor of low-yield and low-efficiency plants and increase the yield.
The method provided by the invention can improve bridging survival rate, and can obviously recover low-yield and low-efficiency plant growth vigor, so that the survival rate of the obtained bridging stock-changing seedlings can reach more than 93.10%, the single yield of the bridging plants in the current year is increased by 11.29% -13.95% compared with that of the bridging plants in the current year, the trunk diameter of the low-yield and low-efficiency plants is increased by 2.62% -4.422% compared with that of the bridging plants in the current year, and the yields in the second year and the third year are respectively increased by 24.95% -28.59% and 40.53% -44.21%.
Although the foregoing embodiments have been described in some, but not all, embodiments of the invention, it should be understood that other embodiments may be devised in accordance with the present embodiments without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention.
Claims (3)
1. The method for increasing yield and efficiency of the kiwi fruits is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
cutting branches of male kiwi fruits with large seeds beside a target plant, bridging branches and tendrils of the surviving cutting seedlings to trunks of the target plant to obtain bridging and stock changing seedlings;
the large-seed kiwi fruit male plant is obtained by screening through a flooding test, the survival rate of the large-seed kiwi fruit male plant cutting seedling is more than or equal to 96%, the death rate is 0% when flooding is carried out for more than 30 days, and the soil volume weight is 1.43g/cm 3 The root system in the sticky yellow soil grows well;
before bridging, performing first additional fertilizer when large-seed kiwi fruit male plant cutting seedlings sprout and grow to 15-20 cm;
the first additional fertilizer comprises 3 times of urea and 1 time of balanced water-soluble fertilizer, the time interval between the two adjacent times of urea application is 20d, and the time interval between the 3 rd time of urea application and the balanced water-soluble fertilizer application is 15d;
the application amount of urea is 50-75 g/plant each time; the application amount of the balanced water-soluble fertilizer is 75-100 g/plant; the balanced water-soluble fertilizer comprises, by mass, 15% -20% of nitrogen, 15% -20% of phosphorus and 15% -20% of potassium;
after bridging, the method further comprises girdling the trunk of the target plant at the position 5-8 cm below the bridging port;
the depth of the girdling is 1-3 mm; the number of the girdling turns is 2, and the distance between the two girdling turns is 0.8-1.5 cm;
after the bridging stock-changing seedling is obtained, the method further comprises the steps of performing second additional fertilizer 30-40 d after the bridging stock-changing seedling bridging opening is healed, and performing third additional fertilizer 5 months after healing;
the second additional fertilizer comprises the application of 2 times of high-nitrogen water-soluble fertilizer, and the time interval is 15d;
the application amount of the high-nitrogen water-soluble fertilizer is 75-100 g/strain each time; in the high-nitrogen water-soluble fertilizer, the mass percentage of nitrogen is 30-40%, the mass percentage of phosphorus is 10-15%, and the mass percentage of potassium is 10-15%;
the third additional fertilizer comprises the step of applying 2 times of high-phosphorus high-potassium water-soluble fertilizer, wherein the time interval is 15d;
the application amount of the high-phosphorus high-potassium water-soluble fertilizer is 100-120 g/strain each time; the high-phosphorus high-potassium water-soluble fertilizer comprises, by mass, 6% -13% of nitrogen, 14% -17% of phosphorus and 30% -40% of potassium;
and the bridge-connected stock-changing seedling grows to the summer period of the 2 nd year, and the target plant below the bridge connection is cut off.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the distance between the large-seed kiwi fruit male plant branch and the target plant is 20-25 cm.
3. The method of claim 2, further comprising sealing the biological upper ends of the large-seed kiwi fruit male shoots before cutting and dipping the biological lower ends of the large-seed kiwi fruit male shoots.
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| CN108738762A (en) * | 2018-05-24 | 2018-11-06 | 李永安 | A kind of novel citrus bridging method |
| RU2018122573A (en) * | 2018-06-19 | 2019-12-19 | Григорий Ильич Криворучко | The method of cultivating a kiwi, a device for placing the aerial part of a kiwi and a substrate for the root system of a kiwi |
| CN111543238A (en) * | 2020-05-27 | 2020-08-18 | 新疆巴音郭楞蒙古自治州农业科学研究院 | Tending method for apple branch blight resistant bergamot pear trees |
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| CN1193653C (en) * | 2001-08-24 | 2005-03-23 | 张胜 | Method for season change and south cultivation of deciduous fruit trees |
| CN102487735B (en) * | 2011-12-14 | 2013-04-24 | 四川苍溪猕猴桃研究所 | Kiwifruit inarching method |
| CN109757287A (en) * | 2019-03-25 | 2019-05-17 | 四川和泽农业有限公司 | A kind of Kiwi berry orchard establishment and implantation methods |
| CN112586256B (en) * | 2020-12-09 | 2023-06-27 | 四川尚毅农业开发有限公司 | Planting method capable of improving yield and quality of kiwi fruits and comprising 16 working procedures |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN108738762A (en) * | 2018-05-24 | 2018-11-06 | 李永安 | A kind of novel citrus bridging method |
| RU2018122573A (en) * | 2018-06-19 | 2019-12-19 | Григорий Ильич Криворучко | The method of cultivating a kiwi, a device for placing the aerial part of a kiwi and a substrate for the root system of a kiwi |
| CN111543238A (en) * | 2020-05-27 | 2020-08-18 | 新疆巴音郭楞蒙古自治州农业科学研究院 | Tending method for apple branch blight resistant bergamot pear trees |
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