CN112586256B

CN112586256B - Planting method capable of improving yield and quality of kiwi fruits and comprising 16 working procedures

Info

Publication number: CN112586256B
Application number: CN202011429665.6A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 王毅; 耿丙东
Original assignee: Sichuan Shangyi Agricultural Development Co ltd
Current assignee: Sichuan Shangyi Agricultural Development Co ltd
Priority date: 2020-12-09
Filing date: 2020-12-09
Publication date: 2023-06-27
Anticipated expiration: 2040-12-09
Also published as: CN112586256A

Abstract

The invention provides a planting method capable of improving yield and quality of kiwi fruits, which comprises 16 working procedures, and the planting method comprises the following steps: conditioning soil, spring irrigation, sprouting promotion, bud picking, flower promotion, pollination, fruit swelling, fruit setting, fruit cultivation, trunk smearing, vigorous control, grass retention, fruit fertilizer application, root promotion, tree cultivation and traction. The invention develops a kiwi planting process comprising 16 working procedures through exploring a kiwi planting technology, and the process not only realizes the improvement of the yield of kiwi fruits, but also improves the quality of kiwi fruits, such as the improvement of the content of soluble sugar, dry matter, vitamin C, flavone, amino acid and total phenol, by carrying out proper intervention on the kiwi fruits in a proper period, and meanwhile, the hardness of the harvested kiwi fruits is improved, and the storage resistance and shelf life are obviously prolonged.

Description

Planting method capable of improving yield and quality of kiwi fruits and comprising 16 working procedures

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of agricultural production, in particular to a planting method capable of improving yield and quality of kiwi fruits, which comprises 16 working procedures.

Background

The kiwi fruit has rich nutritional value, contains trace elements such as calcium, potassium, selenium, zinc, germanium and the like and 17 amino acids required by human bodies, also contains rich vitamins, and is known as the king of fruits. Therefore, the economic value of the kiwi fruit is quite objective.

The total number of varieties of the kiwi fruits native to China is 59, wherein the varieties of the kiwi fruits with great cultivation value in production such as the noble long kiwi fruits, the golden fruit kiwi fruits, the peace No. 1 kiwi fruits, the Miliang No. 1 kiwi fruits, the Tibetan dragon kiwi fruits, the red heart kiwi fruits and the like are provided. The average acre yield of the kiwi fruits in the full fruit period is about 2000 jin, the acre yield of the orchard with proper management is about 4000 jin, the acre yield is only half of the yield of the kiwi fruits in New Zealand (the acre yield of the kiwi fruits in New Zealand is about 8000 jin), the quality of the kiwi fruits in China is greatly different from that of the kiwi fruits in New Zealand, and the market sales are far less than that of the brand kiwi fruits in good vigor in New Zealand. With the development of the domestic kiwi fruit industry, the problems of lagging management technology level, serious diseases and insect pests, low yield and quality and the like are prominently presented, and the establishment of a high-quality and high-yield kiwi fruit cultivation technology is urgent.

The traditional planting method for cultivating kiwi fruits comprises the following steps: 1. applying winter fertilizer after winter shearing, and using 40 kg/mu of ternary compound fertilizer and 1.5 tons of organic fertilizer per mu; 2. spring irrigation: watering and rooting agent only for 5-10L/mu 15-20 days before bud germination; 3. bud picking: 6-8 buds are developed, and terminal growing points are directly removed; 4. flower promotion: applying 5-10 kg/mu of high-phosphorus water-soluble fertilizer 3-5 days before flowering, and diluting 200g of amino acid foliar fertilizer by 300-500 times for spraying; 5. pollination: pollinating by adopting a mode of combining contact pollination and mechanical pollination; 6. swelling: about 10 days after the flowers are shed, 5-10 kg/mu of high-potassium water-soluble fertilizer is applied; 7. fruit setting: fruit thinning is carried out 20 days after flowers are thanked; 8. fruit cultivation: and (3) applying 5-10 kg/mu of high-potassium water-soluble fertilizer 40-50 days after flowers are shed, and drip-irrigating for 1 time at intervals of 10-15 days, wherein the total drip-irrigation time is about 3 times. However, the traditional planting mode of kiwi fruits has low yield and poor quality.

Disclosure of Invention

Based on the above, the main purpose of the invention is to provide a planting method which can improve the yield and quality of kiwi fruits and comprises 16 working procedures.

The specific technical scheme comprises the following steps:

a planting method capable of improving yield and quality of kiwi fruits and comprising 16 working procedures is characterized by comprising the following steps:

conditioning soil: applying winter fertilizer after winter shearing to ensure that the mass content of organic matters in soil is more than or equal to 3%, the pH value is 5.5-6.5 and the mass content of trace elements is more than or equal to 10%; the microelements comprise Fe, zn, B and Mg;

spring irrigation: 5-8 days before bud germination, irrigating a rooting agent A, and applying brassin and liquid boron;

sprouting promotion: when buds bud, applying a balance water-soluble fertilizer and an alga liquid fertilizer A;

bud picking: 4-6 new buds are developed, and the growth points at the tail ends of the new buds are destroyed;

flower promotion: applying high-phosphorus water-soluble fertilizer, amino acid foliar fertilizer A, trichoderma bacterial fertilizer and biological source preparation 7-10 days before flowering; the biological source preparation comprises osthole, matrine and bupirimate;

pollination: pollinating by adopting a mode of combining contact pollination and mechanical pollination;

swelling: applying a calcium fertilizer, a magnesium fertilizer and an amino acid foliar fertilizer B6-8 days after the flowers are thanked;

Fruit setting: thinning fruits 13-17 days after flowers are thanked;

fruit cultivation: applying foliar calcium fertilizer 28-34 days after flowers are shed; 48-52 days after flowers are shed, applying humic acid water-soluble fertilizer; applying potash fertilizer 58-62 days after flowers are thanized; applying potash fertilizer 73-77 days after flowers are shed;

the planting method comprises the following steps:

and (3) coating a trunk: after picking fruits, before winter or before bud germination each year, the trunk and main vines of the kiwi tree are smeared with seaweed liquid fertilizer B and a quinoline copper solution;

controlling the growth: cutting off the main vines and fruiting parent branches from the 2 nd to 4 th leaves, allowing the cut main vines and parent branches to germinate, controlling vigorous branches, and culturing middle branches;

grass retention: covering the periphery of the nest plate with non-woven fabric, removing high-stem weeds in other places, and leaving gramineous dwarf weeds;

applying fruit picking fertilizer: after fruit picking, shi Caiguo fertilizer and rooting agent B;

root promotion: respectively applying amino acid water-soluble fertilizers in the middle ten days of 3 months, the early 6 months and the middle ten days of 9 months of each year;

tree cultivation: cultivating kiwi fruits in a tree form with one trunk and two vines and eight side branches;

traction: and (5) taking a traction frame to traction the reserved parent branches of the fruiting of the second year.

Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:

the invention develops a kiwi planting process comprising 16 working procedures through exploring a kiwi planting technology, and the process not only realizes the improvement of the yield of kiwi fruits, but also improves the quality of kiwi fruits, such as the improvement of the content of soluble sugar, dry matter, vitamin C, flavone, amino acid and total phenol, by carrying out proper intervention on the kiwi fruits in a proper period, and meanwhile, the hardness of the harvested kiwi fruits is improved, and the storage resistance and shelf life are obviously prolonged.

Detailed Description

The present invention will be described more fully hereinafter in order to facilitate an understanding of the present invention. This invention may, however, be embodied in many different forms and should not be construed as limited to the embodiments set forth herein. Rather, these embodiments are provided so that this disclosure will be thorough and complete.

Unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention belongs. The terminology used herein in the description of the invention is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of the invention. The term "and/or" as used herein includes any and all combinations of one or more of the associated listed items.

Experiments of examples and comparative examples were carried out on 50 mu kiwi fruit bases in Jiang Chong villages in Fuxing town in Pujiang county, sichuan province, the kiwi fruit variety was yellow heart kiwi fruit, and each example corresponds to 10 mu.

Example 1

The embodiment provides a planting method capable of improving yield and quality of kiwi fruits, comprising 16 procedures, and the planting method comprises the following steps:

1. conditioning soil

Applying winter fertilizer after winter shearing to enable the organic matters of soil to reach more than 3%, applying special bio-organic fertilizer of 1.5 tons/mu, and applying soil conditioner of 40 kg/mu to enable the pH value of soil to be between 5.5 and 6.5; microelements (mass content of Fe, zn and Mg is more than or equal to 10%), 20 kg/mu. In this operation:

The bio-organic fertilizer is commercially available, and the mass content of organic matters is more than or equal to 45%, and the content of beneficial biological bacteria is more than or equal to 2 hundred million/g; the fertilizer is a microbial agent of pure grain age produced by Qingdao Yibailong fertilizer industry Co., ltd., product number: qx0200.

The soil conditioner is commercially available, wherein the mass content of CaO is more than or equal to 30%, the mass content of MgO is more than or equal to 8%, the total mass content of Fe, zn and B is more than or equal to 1%, the mass content of seaweed active is more than or equal to 5%, the mass content of chitin and amino acid is more than or equal to 2%, and the product is the seaweed calcium and magnesium powder of the macadamia oyster calcium produced by the ecological company of the Xiamen Mata.

Microelements, which are purchased in the market, have the mass contents of copper, iron, manganese, zinc, boron and molybdenum of more than or equal to 10 percent, and the mass contents of calcium, magnesium, sulfur and cobalt of more than or equal to 5 percent, medium-micro multi-beauty trace element water-soluble fertilizer produced by Qingdao Yibailong fertilizer company Limited.

2. Smearing trunk

In the period after picking fruits each year, the main trunk and the main tendrils are uniformly smeared with seaweed liquid fertilizer and 45% quinoline copper solution, damaged bark is repaired, and metabolism and freezing injury prevention are promoted. In this operation:

the seaweed liquid fertilizer is commercially available, the mass content of seaweed polysaccharide is more than or equal to 3%, the mass content of amino acid is more than or equal to 10% and the mass content of GaO is more than or equal to 5%, and is an odd energy 198 marine organism hormone produced by Qingdao Yibailong fertilizer company. When in use, the water and the water are diluted according to the mass ratio of 1:1.

45% copper quinolinate solution is commercially available, i.e. a liquid formed by 100-fold dilution of 45% copper quinolinate stock solution.

3. Spring irrigator

7 days before germination, a rooting agent is irrigated once, and 20L/mu. In combination with spring irrigation, 0.5 ml of brassin (0.0075%) 300ppm+0.5 ml of liquid boron (21%) were added to the tree. In this operation:

rooting agent, which is commercially available, wherein the mass content of amino acid is more than or equal to 10%, the mass content of GaO is more than or equal to 5%, and the water-soluble fertilizer containing amino acid is produced by Bei Er Yi Bai nong fertilizer company.

4. Promoting germination

And (3) starting germination in the beginning to the last ten days of 3 months, and flushing a balance water-soluble fertilizer (10 kg/mu) and a seaweed liquid fertilizer (10 kg/mu) when buds start germination, so that the buds are tidy, and the buds are strong and flowers are strong. In this operation:

the balance water-soluble fertilizer refers to a macroelement water-soluble fertilizer with 20% of nitrogen, 20% of phosphorus and 20% of potassium by mass; van No. 2 produced by Qingdao Yi Bai nong fertilizer Co., ltd.

The seaweed liquid fertilizer refers to a liquid fertilizer with seaweed polysaccharide content more than or equal to 3%. The Qihao 198 marine organism stimulating hormone produced by Qingdao Yibailong fertilizer company.

5. Bud picking

After the new fruiting bud spreads 5 leaves, the terminal growing points are pinched by fingers to destroy the growing points, so that vigorous growth is avoided.

6. Flower promoting

And applying 15 kg/mu of once high-phosphorus water-soluble fertilizer 9 days before flowering, promoting the quality of flowers, improving the pollination rate, and simultaneously spraying once amino acid foliar fertilizer, trichoderma liquid and biological source preparation with the mass fraction ratio of 1:1:1, promoting the growth of fruit stalks, and preventing and controlling diseases. In this operation:

the high-phosphorus water-soluble fertilizer refers to a macroelement water-soluble fertilizer with the mass content of nitrogen being 10%, the mass content of phosphorus being 52% and the mass content of potassium being 10%, and is commercially available, and is produced by Qingdao Yibailong fertilizer industry Co.

The amino acid foliar fertilizer refers to an amino acid water-soluble fertilizer with the mass content of amino acid being more than or equal to 10% and the mass sum of Cu+Fe+Mn+Zn being more than or equal to 2%, and is commercially available as an ai Long Hanan base water-soluble fertilizer produced by Sichuan ai long plant nutrition technology Co.

The trichoderma liquid is prepared from effective strains with the effective viable count of more than or equal to 5 hundred million/gram, namely trichoderma harzianum, trichoderma asperellum and trichoderma viride, wherein the spore count ratio of the strains is 30:15:15 by weight, and diluting the obtained liquid by 250 times, and the compound trichoderma preparation is commercially available from Yi trillion biotechnology Co., guizhou.

The biological source preparation is prepared from osthole, matrine and bupirimate (0.3%, 1.5% and 0.07% by mass) respectively, and is commercially available from Uygur autonomous region (Uygur autonomous region), which are manufactured by Sichuan Uygur biotechnology Co., ltd.

7. Pollination

According to 8:1 proportion of male plants, namely 7 female plants are matched with 1 male plant, and the interval is uniform. The self-made pollen and commodity pollen are prepared according to the following proportion of 1:1, preparing compound pollen by uniformly mixing the compound pollen and the pinus koraiensis powder according to the following proportion: artificial pollination 1:2, mechanical pollination 1:5. in this operation:

self-made pollen means: collecting the male flowers exposed in the morning, spreading the male flowers on a shading place for 2-4 hours, and airing the surface moisture;

putting the air-dried male flowers into an anther separator to separate anthers; baking anther in pollen baking equipment with constant temperature of 28deg.C for 8 hr, and oven drying anther; pollen is extracted from anther in a pollen extracting machine to obtain self-made pollen.

Commercial pollen was purchased from: yongfeng pollen factory in Pingzhi city.

The contact pollination and the mechanical pollination are combined during pollination, and the method is as follows: the method comprises the steps of contact pollination, wherein prepared pollen is contacted with pistils of female flowers by adopting a special brush, 25 g/time of prepared pollen is used for each mu, and 2-3 times of continuous use are carried out; pollinating mechanically, pollinating prepared pollen with pollinator, and pollinating mu with prepared pollen 50 g for 2-3 times continuously.

8. Puffed fruit

After flowers are removed for 7 days, 5L of calcium fertilizer and 5L of magnesium fertilizer are applied per mu, so that the absorption of calcium is promoted, and the hardness of fruits is improved. The foliar spray of the amino acid foliar fertilizer is 800 times of liquid, promotes the fruit to expand, and is sprayed once at intervals of 7 days later, and is continuously sprayed for 4 times. In this operation:

The calcium fertilizer refers to 180 g/L of sugar alcohol calcium, is commercially available and can be calcium plant for Bei Er Zi Yi Bai nong fertilizer company, inc.

The magnesium fertilizer is a medium element water-soluble fertilizer with the mass content of Mg being more than or equal to 100g/L, is commercially available and is produced by the Tsingtao Yibailian fertilizer company Limited.

The amino acid foliar fertilizer refers to an ai Long Hanan base acid water-soluble fertilizer produced by Sichuan ai long plant nutrition technology Co., ltd.

9. Fruit setting

15 days after flowers are removed, fruit setting is stable, small fruits, malformed fruits, first fruits and last fruits are removed, 6 fruits are reserved for each bud, second fruit removal is carried out at intervals of 10 days, and 4 fruits are reserved for each bud.

10. Controlling vigorous

The first bud of the main vine or fruiting parent branch is reserved fruiting parent branch in the next year, the tree body with excessive fertilizer and water growing too vigorously is cut off from 3 leaves, the tree body is germinated, vigorous growth of the branches is controlled, and medium branches are cultivated.

11. Root promoting

The amino acid water-soluble fertilizer is respectively applied once for 20 kg/mu in the middle ten days of 3 months, the early 6 months and the middle ten days of 9 months to promote the strong growth of root systems. In this operation:

the amino acid water-soluble fertilizer is an ai Long Hanan amino acid water-soluble fertilizer produced by Sichuan ai long plant nutrition technology Co.

12. Quality of the extract

And after the flowers are removed, the foliar calcium fertilizer with the dilution multiple of 700 times is sprayed at intervals of 7 days for 30 days, and the foliar calcium fertilizer is continuously sprayed for 4 times, so that the fruit hardness is improved. In this operation: the foliar calcium fertilizer refers to foliar calcium fertilizer with a chelated calcium content of 180 g/L, which is commercially available and is produced by Beierzi Yibailing agricultural fertilizer company, inc.

And after 50 days after flowers are shed, 5 kg/mu of humic acid water-soluble fertilizer is irrigated once every 15 days, so that dry matter accumulation is promoted, and the quality is improved. In the operation, the humic acid water-soluble fertilizer refers to a water-soluble fertilizer with the mass content of N+P2O5+K2O being more than or equal to 20%, and the mass content of humic acid being more than or equal to 4.0%, which is commercially available, and is produced by Qingdao Yibailian fertilizer industry Co.

And after 60 days and 75 days after flowers are removed, drip irrigation is respectively carried out on the primary swelling and fruit strengthening potash fertilizer for 20 kg/mu, so that the accumulation of dry matters is promoted. In the operation, the fruit swelling and strengthening potash fertilizer refers to a water-soluble fertilizer with the mass content of nitrogen being 10%, the mass content of phosphorus being 7% and the mass content of potassium being 42%, and is commercially available, namely a large-element water-soluble fertilizer with the number 3 (fruit swelling and strengthening) of Wan Liaoyi Bainong fertilizer company limited.

13. Grass retention

Covering the empty grass with non-woven fabric in the range of 80cm around the nest plate, and manually removing the high-stem weeds in other places to leave gramineous short weeds.

14. Fruit picking fertilizer

After picking fruits, the fruit picking fertilizer is applied once in time, and the rooting agent is 15L/mu. In this operation:

the fruit picking fertilizer is a macroelement water-soluble fertilizer with the mass content of nitrogen being 10%, the mass content of phosphorus being 52% and the mass content of potassium being 10%;

the rooting agent is water-soluble fertilizer with humic acid mass content more than or equal to 10%, and is commercially available, and the Baigen-containing humic acid water-soluble fertilizer is produced by Qingdao YiBainong fertilizer industry Co.

15. Tree planting

Culturing the tree into a tree shape with one trunk and two tendrils and eight lateral branches. Transplanting seedlings, transplanting the seedlings when the diameter of stems at the height of 5cm from the ground is larger than 0.7cm, carrying out seed changing grafting 13 months after transplanting, pulling the trunks upwards to vertically grow to form a trunk after grafting survival, cutting the trunk at the position 30cm below the shed frame when the height from the ground is larger than 230cm (or exceeds 30cm above the shed frame), carrying out another germination at the cutting position, reserving 2 sprouts, pulling on a line, and binding the trunk on shed frame iron wires in parallel when the length is larger than 150cm to form two vines;

the newly germinated buds on the two vines are symmetrically reserved 8 at intervals of 30cm, and are grown into eight lateral branches.

16. Traction

A steel pipe (or bamboo pole) with the height of 550cm and the diameter of 4cm is erected between two rows of kiwi fruits, one steel pipe is erected at the junction of the main vines of each two kiwi fruits, and the steel pipe is fixed on a kiwi fruit trellis; 8 cotton threads with the length of 500cm are fixed at the top end of the steel pipe, and the other end is fixed on the main vine iron wire at intervals of 30 cm; when the length of the reserved fruiting parent branch in the second year is greater than 40cm, the fruiting parent branch in the second year is pulled to the cotton thread, and the fruiting parent branch grows upwards along the cotton thread; after fruit picking, removing fruiting branches in the current year; after the leaves fall, the mother branches which are pulled upwards and are harvested in the second year are put down and are parallelly tied on the shed frame at intervals of 30 cm.

Example 2

1. conditioning soil

2. Smearing trunk

Before winter, the main trunk and the main tendrils are uniformly smeared with seaweed liquid fertilizer and 45% quinoline copper solution, damaged bark is repaired, metabolism is promoted, and freezing injury is prevented. In this operation:

3. Spring irrigator

5 days before germination, 2 times of rooting agent and 18L/mu are irrigated. In combination with spring irrigation, 0.4 ml of brassin (0.007%) 300ppm+0.6 ml of liquid boron (20%) were added to the tree. In this operation:

4. Promoting germination

And (3) starting 3 months to 3 days before bud starts to sprout, and applying a balance water-soluble fertilizer (8 kg/mu) and a seaweed liquid fertilizer (8 kg/mu) to ensure that the buds are tidy and the buds are strong and flowers are strong. In this operation:

5. Bud picking

After 4 leaves are spread on the newly-developed buds, the growth points at the tail ends are pinched by fingers to destroy the growth points, so that vigorous growth is avoided.

6. Flower promoting

And applying 12 kg/mu of once high-phosphorus water-soluble fertilizer 7 days before flowering, promoting the quality of flowers, improving the pollination rate, and simultaneously spraying once amino acid foliar fertilizer, trichoderma liquid and biological source preparation with the mass fraction ratio of 0.8:1.2:0.8, promoting the growth of fruit stalks, and preventing and controlling diseases. In this operation:

7. Pollination

Commercial pollen was purchased from: yongfeng pollen factory in Pingzhi city.

The contact pollination and the mechanical pollination are combined during pollination, and the method is as follows: the method comprises the steps of contact pollination, wherein prepared pollen is contacted with pistils of female flowers by adopting a special brush, and 22 g/time of prepared pollen is used for each mu for 2 times continuously; and (3) mechanically pollinating, namely pollinating prepared pollen by using a pollinator, wherein 45 g of prepared pollen is used for 2 times continuously per mu.

8. Puffed fruit

6 days after flowers are removed, 4.5L of calcium fertilizer and 4.5L of magnesium fertilizer are applied to each mu, so that the absorption of calcium is promoted, and the hardness of fruits is improved. The foliar spray of the amino acid foliar fertilizer is 700 times of liquid, promotes the fruit to expand, and is sprayed once at intervals of 7 days later, and is continuously sprayed for 3 times. In this operation:

the calcium fertilizer refers to a liquid fertilizer with 180 g/L sugar alcohol calcium content, is commercially available and can be calcium plant for Bei Er Zi Yi Bai nong fertilizer company.

9. Fruit setting

13 days after flowers are removed, fruit setting is stable, small fruits, malformed fruits, first fruits and last fruits are removed, 6 fruits are reserved for each bud, second fruit removal is carried out at intervals of 10 days, and 4 fruits are reserved for each bud.

10. Controlling vigorous

The first bud of the main vine or fruiting parent branch is reserved fruiting parent branch in the next year, the tree body with excessive fertilizer and water growing too vigorously is cut off from 2 leaves, the tree body is germinated, vigorous growth of the branches is controlled, and medium branches are cultivated.

11. Root promoting

The amino acid water-soluble fertilizer is respectively applied once for 18 kg/mu in the middle ten days of 3 months, the early 6 months and the middle ten days of 9 months to promote the strong growth of root systems. In this operation: the amino acid water-soluble fertilizer is an ai Long Hanan amino acid water-soluble fertilizer produced by Sichuan ai long plant nutrition technology Co.

12. Quality of the extract

And (3) starting 28 days after flowers are removed, spraying foliar calcium fertilizer with a dilution multiple of 600 times at intervals of 7 days, and continuously spraying for 3 times to improve the fruit hardness. In this operation: the foliar calcium fertilizer refers to foliar calcium fertilizer with a chelated calcium content of 180 g/L, which is commercially available and is produced by Beierzi Yibailing agricultural fertilizer company, inc.

And after the flowers are removed, the water-soluble humic acid fertilizer is irrigated for 4.5 kg/mu once every 15 days, so that the accumulation of dry matters is promoted, and the quality is improved. In the operation, the humic acid water-soluble fertilizer refers to a water-soluble fertilizer with the mass content of N+P2O5+K2O being more than or equal to 20%, and the mass content of humic acid being more than or equal to 4.0%, which is commercially available, and is produced by Qingdao Yibailian fertilizer industry Co.

And (3) 58 days and 73 days after flowers are removed, respectively drip irrigation is carried out on the one-time swelling and fruit strengthening potash fertilizer for 18 kg/mu, so that dry matter accumulation is promoted. In the operation, the fruit swelling and strengthening potash fertilizer refers to a water-soluble fertilizer with the mass content of nitrogen being 10%, the mass content of phosphorus being 7% and the mass content of potassium being 42%, and is commercially available, namely a large-element water-soluble fertilizer with the number 3 (fruit swelling and strengthening) of Wan Liaoyi Bainong fertilizer company limited.

13. Grass retention

The empty grass is covered by non-woven fabrics within the range of 70cm around the nest plate, and the high-stem weeds are manually removed in other places, so that the gramineous short weeds are left.

14. Fruit picking fertilizer

After picking fruits, the fruit picking fertilizer is applied once in time, and the rooting agent is 13L/mu. In this operation:

15. Tree planting

16. Traction

Example 3

1. conditioning soil

2. Smearing trunk

Before germination each year, the main trunk and the main tendrils are uniformly smeared with seaweed liquid fertilizer and 45% quinoline copper solution, damaged bark is repaired, metabolism is promoted, and freezing injury is prevented. In this operation:

3. Spring irrigator

8 days before germination, 3 times of rooting agent and 22L/mu are irrigated. In combination with spring irrigation, 0.6 ml of brassin (0.008%) 300ppm+0.4 ml of liquid boron (22%) was added to the tree. In this operation:

4. Promoting germination

And (3) starting germination in the beginning to the last 3 months, and flushing a balance water-soluble fertilizer (12 kg/mu) and a seaweed liquid fertilizer (12 kg/mu) when buds start germination, so that the buds are tidy, and the buds are strong and flowers are strong. In this operation:

5. Bud picking

After 6 leaves are newly sprouted, the terminal growing points are pinched by fingers to destroy the growing points, so that vigorous growth is avoided.

6. Flower promoting

10 days before flowering, applying 3 times of high-phosphorus water-soluble fertilizer 18 kg/mu, promoting the quality of flowers, improving the pollination rate, and simultaneously spraying amino acid foliar fertilizer, trichoderma liquid and biological source preparation with the mass fraction ratio of 1.2:0.8:0.8 for one time, promoting the growth of fruit stalks, and preventing and controlling diseases. In this operation:

7. Pollination

Commercial pollen was purchased from: yongfeng pollen factory in Pingzhi city.

The contact pollination and the mechanical pollination are combined during pollination, and the method is as follows: the method comprises the steps of contact pollination, wherein prepared pollen is contacted with pistils of female flowers by adopting a special brush, 26 g/time of prepared pollen is used for each mu, and 3 times are continuously used for each mu; and (3) mechanically pollinating, namely pollinating prepared pollen by using a pollinator, wherein 55 g of prepared pollen is used for each mu, and 3 times are continuously used.

8. Puffed fruit

8 days after flowers are removed, 5.5L of calcium fertilizer and 5.5L of magnesium fertilizer are applied per mu, so that the absorption of calcium is promoted, and the hardness of fruits is improved. The foliar spray of the amino acid foliar fertilizer is 900 times of liquid, promotes the fruit to expand, and is sprayed once at intervals of 7 days later, and is continuously sprayed for 4 times. In this operation:

9. Fruit setting

And after 17 days after flowers are removed, fruit setting is stable, small fruits, malformed fruits, first fruits and last fruits are removed, 6 fruits are reserved for each bud, second fruit removal is carried out at intervals of 10 days, and 4 fruits are reserved for each bud.

10. Controlling vigorous

11. Root promoting

And respectively applying 22 kg/mu of 3 times of amino acid water-soluble fertilizer in the middle ten days of 3 months, the early 6 months and the middle ten days of 9 months to promote the strong growth of root systems. In this operation:

12. Quality of the extract

32 days after flowers are removed, foliar calcium fertilizer with a dilution multiple of 900 times is sprayed once at intervals of 7 days, and 4 times of continuous spraying are carried out, so that the fruit hardness is improved. In this operation: the foliar calcium fertilizer refers to foliar calcium fertilizer with a chelated calcium content of 180 g/L, which is commercially available and is produced by Beierzi Yibailing agricultural fertilizer company, inc.

And (3) starting 52 days after flowers are removed, and irrigating humic acid water-soluble fertilizer for 5 kg/mu once every 15 days, so that dry matter accumulation is promoted, and the quality is improved. In the operation, the humic acid water-soluble fertilizer refers to a water-soluble fertilizer with the mass content of N+P2O5+K2O being more than or equal to 20%, and the mass content of humic acid being more than or equal to 4.0%, which is commercially available, and is produced by Qingdao Yibailian fertilizer industry Co.

And after 62 days and 77 days after flowers are removed, drip irrigation is respectively carried out on the 22 kg/mu of the one-time swelling and fruit-strengthening potash fertilizer to promote the accumulation of dry matters. In the operation, the fruit swelling and strengthening potash fertilizer refers to a water-soluble fertilizer with the mass content of nitrogen being 10%, the mass content of phosphorus being 7% and the mass content of potassium being 42%, and is commercially available, namely a large-element water-soluble fertilizer with the number 3 (fruit swelling and strengthening) of Wan Liaoyi Bainong fertilizer company limited.

13. Grass retention

Covering empty grass with non-woven fabric in the range of 90cm around the nest plate, and manually removing high-stem weeds in other places to leave gramineous short weeds.

14. Fruit picking fertilizer

After picking fruits, the fruit picking fertilizer is applied once in time, and the rooting agent is 16L/mu. In this operation:

15. Tree planting

16. Traction

Comparative example 1

1. conditioning soil

2. Smearing trunk

And in the germination period, the main trunk and the main tendrils are uniformly smeared with seaweed liquid fertilizer and 45% quinoline copper solution, damaged bark is repaired, metabolism is promoted, and freezing injury is prevented. In this operation:

3. Spring irrigator

15 days before germination, a rooting agent is irrigated once, and 20L/mu. In combination with spring irrigation, 0.5 ml of brassin (0.0075%) 300ppm+0.5 ml of liquid boron (21%) were added to the tree. In this operation:

4. Promoting germination

And the bud starts to sprout, and a balance water-soluble fertilizer (10 kg/mu) and a seaweed liquid fertilizer (10 kg/mu) are applied in the first half month to ensure that the bud is orderly and the bud and flower are strengthened. In this operation:

5. Bud picking

6. Flower promoting

And 3 days before flowering, applying 15 kg/mu of once high-phosphorus water-soluble fertilizer, promoting the quality of flowers, improving the pollination rate, and simultaneously spraying once amino acid foliar fertilizer, trichoderma liquid and biological source preparation with the mass fraction ratio of 1:1:1, promoting the growth of fruit stalks, and preventing and controlling diseases. In this operation:

7. Pollination

Commercial pollen was purchased from: yongfeng pollen factory in Pingzhi city.

8. Puffed fruit

10 days after flowers are removed, 5L of calcium fertilizer and 5L of magnesium fertilizer are applied per mu, so that the absorption of calcium is promoted, and the hardness of fruits is improved. The foliar spray of the amino acid foliar fertilizer is 800 times of liquid, promotes the fruit to expand, and is sprayed once at intervals of 7 days later, and is continuously sprayed for 4 times. In this operation:

9. Fruit setting

20 days after flowers are removed, fruit setting is stable, small fruits, malformed fruits, first fruits and last fruits are removed, 6 fruits are reserved for each bud, second fruit removal is carried out at intervals of 10 days, and 4 fruits are reserved for each bud.

10. Controlling vigorous

11. Root promoting

The root system can be promoted to grow healthily by applying 20 kg/mu of the amino acid water-soluble fertilizer once in the middle of 3 months. In this operation:

12. Quality of the extract

And the foliar calcium fertilizer with the dilution multiple of 700 times is sprayed at intervals of 7 days for 20 days after flowers are shed, and the foliar calcium fertilizer is continuously sprayed for 4 times, so that the fruit hardness is improved. In this operation: the foliar calcium fertilizer refers to foliar calcium fertilizer with a chelated calcium content of 180 g/L, which is commercially available and is produced by Beierzi Yibailing agricultural fertilizer company, inc.

And after flowers are removed, the water-soluble humic acid fertilizer is irrigated for 5 kg/mu once every 15 days, so that dry matter accumulation is promoted, and the quality is improved. In the operation, the humic acid water-soluble fertilizer refers to a water-soluble fertilizer with the mass content of N+P2O5+K2O being more than or equal to 20%, and the mass content of humic acid being more than or equal to 4.0%, which is commercially available, and is produced by Qingdao Yibailian fertilizer industry Co.

50 days and 85 days after flowers are removed, and the one-time swelling and fruit-strengthening potash fertilizer is respectively dripped for 20 kg/mu to promote the accumulation of dry matters. In the operation, the fruit swelling and strengthening potash fertilizer refers to a water-soluble fertilizer with the mass content of nitrogen being 10%, the mass content of phosphorus being 7% and the mass content of potassium being 42%, and is commercially available, namely a large-element water-soluble fertilizer with the number 3 (fruit swelling and strengthening) of Wan Liaoyi Bainong fertilizer company limited.

13. Grass retention

14. Fruit picking fertilizer

15. Tree planting

16. Traction

Comparative example 2

1. conditioning soil

Applying winter fertilizer after winter shearing to enable soil organic matters to reach more than 3%, applying special bio-organic fertilizer 1.5 tons/mu, wherein the operation comprises the following steps: the bio-organic fertilizer is commercially available, and the mass content of organic matters is more than or equal to 45%, and the content of beneficial biological bacteria is more than or equal to 2 hundred million/g; the fertilizer is a microbial agent of pure grain age produced by Qingdao Yibailong fertilizer industry Co., ltd., product number: qx0200. No soil conditioner or trace elements are applied.

2. Smearing trunk

In the period after picking fruits each year, the main trunk and the main tendrils are uniformly smeared with seaweed liquid fertilizer, damaged bark is repaired, metabolism is promoted, and freezing injury is prevented. 45% copper quinolinate solution was omitted. In this operation: the seaweed liquid fertilizer is commercially available, the mass content of seaweed polysaccharide is more than or equal to 3%, the mass content of amino acid is more than or equal to 10% and the mass content of GaO is more than or equal to 5%, and is an odd energy 198 marine organism hormone produced by Qingdao Yibailong fertilizer company. When in use, the water and the water are diluted according to the mass ratio of 1:1.

3. Spring irrigator

7 days before germination, a rooting agent is irrigated for one time, 20L/mu, and brassin and liquid boron are saved. In this operation: rooting agent, which is commercially available, wherein the mass content of amino acid is more than or equal to 10%, the mass content of GaO is more than or equal to 5%, and the water-soluble fertilizer containing amino acid is produced by Bei Er Yi Bai nong fertilizer company.

4. Promoting germination

And (3) starting 3 months to 3 days before bud starts to sprout, and applying a balance water-soluble fertilizer (10 kg/mu) to ensure that the bud is orderly and the bud and the flower are strengthened. In this operation: the balance water-soluble fertilizer refers to a macroelement water-soluble fertilizer with 20% of nitrogen, 20% of phosphorus and 20% of potassium by mass; van No. 2 produced by Qingdao Yi Bai nong fertilizer Co., ltd. The seaweed liquid fertilizer is saved.

5. Bud picking

6. Flower promoting

And the high-phosphorus water-soluble fertilizer is applied once for 15 kg/mu 9 days before flowering, so that the quality of flowers is improved, the pollination rate is improved, and simultaneously, the amino acid foliar fertilizer is sprayed once, the growth of fruit stalks is promoted, and diseases are prevented and controlled. In this operation:

7. Pollination

Commercial pollen was purchased from: yongfeng pollen factory in Pingzhi city.

8. Puffed fruit

After flowers are removed for 7 days, 10L of potassium fertilizer is applied per mu, so that the absorption of calcium is promoted, and the hardness of fruits is improved. Potash fertilizer: 10% of nitrogen, 7% of phosphorus and 42% of potassium, and a macroelement water-soluble fertilizer of No. 3 (fruit swelling and fruit strengthening) produced by Qingdao Yibailong fertilizer industry Co.

9. Fruit setting

10. Controlling vigorous

11. Root promoting

12. Quality of the extract

The foliar magnesium fertilizer with a dilution factor of 700 times is sprayed at intervals of 7 days for 4 times continuously after 30 days after flowers are shed.

And (5) watering potash fertilizer 5 kg/mu once every 15 days after flowers are removed 50 days.

And after 60 days and 75 days after flowers are removed, drip irrigation is respectively carried out on the primary swelling and fruit strengthening potash fertilizer for 20 kg/mu, so that the accumulation of dry matters is promoted.

In this operation: the magnesium fertilizer is a medium element water-soluble fertilizer with the mass content of Mg being more than or equal to 100g/L, is commercially available and is produced by the Tsingtao Yibailian fertilizer company Limited. The fruit swelling and strengthening potash fertilizer refers to a water-soluble fertilizer with the mass content of nitrogen being 10%, the mass content of phosphorus being 7% and the mass content of potassium being 42%, and is commercially available, namely a macroelement water-soluble fertilizer of No. 3 (fruit swelling and strengthening) of Wan Liaoyi Bai nong fertilizer company limited.

13. Grass retention

14. Fruit picking fertilizer

And (5) after fruit picking, timely applying rooting agent for 15L/mu once. In this operation:

15. Tree planting

16. Traction

Statistics of kiwi fruit yield and quality for each of the above examples and comparative examples:

soluble sugar content: the method comprises the steps of determining by referring to an agricultural standard NY/T2742-2015 ultraviolet-visible spectrophotometry;

the dry matter content is measured by a decompression drying method;

the hardness is measured by a hardness tester;

vitamin C content (Vc): according to national standard GB5009.86-2016 high performance liquid chromatography;

the total phenol content is measured by a gallic acid reagent method;

measuring the flavone content by referring to Fu Lin Fen reagent;

determination of amino acid content reference JY/T019-1996 general rules for amino acid analysis methods and GB 5009.124-2016 determination of amino acids in food.

From the experimental results, the yield of the kiwi fruits can reach more than 8000 jin per mu, which is far higher than the average yield of 2000 jin per mu in the domestic traditional cultivation management mode. By adopting the comprehensive management technology, the quality of the kiwi fruits is good, the dry matter content is more than 20%, and the dry matter content of common kiwi fruits is 12%; the sugar degree is 16-17%, and the sugar degree of common kiwi fruits is 13-14%; the hardness is 8kg/cm < 2 >, the hardness of the common kiwi fruits is about 6kg/cm < 2 >, and the kiwi fruits are obviously improved, and the storage endurance and the shelf life are obviously prolonged by adopting the technical scheme of the invention. The Vc content can reach 200mg/g, the content is higher than that of common kiwi fruits, the kiwi fruits are more suitable for being eaten by patients lacking in vitamins, the amino acid content is higher, the kiwi fruits are rich in nutrition, and the taste is better than that of the common kiwi fruits, and the flavone has the effects of reducing blood sugar, preventing cancer, reducing cholesterol, resisting aging and the like, and the total phenol has the effects of improving immunity, preventing diabetes, resisting oxidation, resisting cancer and the like.

The invention adopts 16 key cultivation management technologies for improving the yield and quality of the kiwi fruits, combines the organic fertilizer, the inorganic fertilizer and the microbial fertilizer with reasonable nutrient proportion, combines the foliar fertilizer and the water-soluble fertilizer for use, combines key technologies such as bud picking, vigorous control, branch smearing, pollination, fruit swelling and the like, ensures that the nutrient supply required by the kiwi fruits in a key growing period is sufficient and reasonable, fully enhances the growth vigor of the kiwi fruits, and improves the fruit setting rate and disease resistance. The invention is especially added with alginic acid and mineral source potassium fulvate fertilizer, and has important effects of enhancing tree vigor and improving fruit quality and fruit flavor. The adopted calcium-containing foliar fertilizer improves the hardness of fruits, enhances the storage endurance of the fruits, and prolongs the fresh-keeping period and the shelf life. The fertilizer disclosed by the invention has the advantages of high utilization rate, obvious yield and quality improvement effects, capability of being comparable with that of new zealand kiwi fruits, capability of obviously improving the planting level of domestic kiwi fruits, effective promotion of the development of domestic kiwi fruit industry and suitability for large-area popularization.

By adopting the 16-channel kiwi fruit comprehensive cultivation management technology, the yield of kiwi fruits can reach more than 8000 jin per mu, and the yield of land areas can exceed 10000 jin per mu, which is far higher than the average domestic level of 2000 jin per mu. By adopting the comprehensive management technology, the quality of the kiwi fruits is good, the dry matter content is more than 20%, and the dry matter content of the kiwi fruits in a common cultivation mode is 12%; the sugar degree is 16-17%, and the sugar degree of the kiwi fruits is 13-14% in the common cultivation mode; the hardness is 8kg/cm < 2 >, the hardness of the kiwi fruits is about 6kg/cm < 2 > in a common cultivation mode, and the kiwi fruits are obviously improved in hardness and obviously prolonged in storage resistance and shelf life by adopting the technical scheme of the invention.

The foregoing describes specific embodiments of the present invention. It is to be understood that the invention is not limited to the particular embodiments described above, and that various changes and modifications may be made by one skilled in the art within the scope of the claims without affecting the spirit of the invention.

Claims

1. A planting method capable of improving yield and quality of kiwi fruits and comprising 16 working procedures is characterized by comprising the following steps:

conditioning soil: applying winter fertilizer after winter shearing to ensure that the mass content of organic matters contained in soil is more than or equal to 3 percent, the pH is 5.5-6.5, and the total mass content of microelements Fe, zn and Mg is more than or equal to 10 percent;

spring irrigation: 5-8 days before bud germination, irrigating a rooting agent A, and applying brassin and liquid boron; the rooting agent A contains more than or equal to 10% of amino acid by mass and more than or equal to 5% of GaO by mass, and the rooting agent A is irrigated for at least 1 time, and 18-22 liters/mu each time;

sprouting promotion: when buds bud, applying a balance water-soluble fertilizer and an alga liquid fertilizer A; the seaweed polysaccharide content of the seaweed liquid fertilizer A is more than or equal to 3%, and the application amount is 8-12 kg/mu;

Flower promotion: applying high-phosphorus water-soluble fertilizer, amino acid foliar fertilizer A, trichoderma bacterial fertilizer and biological source preparation 7-10 days before flowering; the biological source preparation comprises osthole, matrine and bupirimate; the amino acid foliar fertilizer A contains more than or equal to 10% of amino acid by mass and more than or equal to 2% of trace elements including Cu, fe, mn and Zn by mass;

swelling: applying a calcium fertilizer, a magnesium fertilizer and an amino acid foliar fertilizer B6-8 days after the flowers are thanked; the mass content of amino acid contained in the amino acid foliar fertilizer B is more than or equal to 10%, the mass content of trace elements is more than or equal to 2%, the trace elements comprise Cu, fe, mn and Zn, and the amino acid foliar fertilizer B is diluted by 700-900 times and applied for 3-4 times;

fruit setting: thinning fruits 13-17 days after flowers are thanked;

the planting method comprises the following steps:

and (3) coating a trunk: after picking fruits, before winter or before bud germination each year, the trunk and main vines of the kiwi tree are smeared with seaweed liquid fertilizer B and a quinoline copper solution; the seaweed polysaccharide content in the seaweed liquid fertilizer B is more than or equal to 3%;

applying fruit picking fertilizer: after fruit picking, shi Caiguo fertilizer and rooting agent B; the mass content of humic acid contained in the rooting agent B is more than or equal to 10%, the application time is at least 1, and the application amount is 13-16 kg/mu;

2. The planting method according to claim 1, wherein in the step of spring irrigation:

the mass content of the brassin is 0.007-0.008%, and each tree is 0.4-0.6 ml;

or/and the mass content of the liquid boron is 20-22%, and each tree is 0.4-0.6 ml.

3. The planting method according to claim 1, wherein in the step of promoting germination: the balanced water-soluble fertilizer contains 15-25% of nitrogen, 15-25% of phosphorus and 15-25% of potassium by mass, and the application amount is 8-12 kg/mu.

4. The method according to claim 1, wherein in the step of promoting flowers: the high-phosphorus water-soluble fertilizer contains 8-12% of nitrogen by mass, 50-54% of phosphorus by mass and 8-12% of potassium by mass, and is applied for at least 1 time with the application amount of 12-18 kg/mu;

or/and the trichoderma fertilizer contains spores with the number ratio of (28-32): (13-16) Trichoderma harzianum, trichoderma asperellum, and Trichoderma viride of (13-16);

or/and the biological source preparation comprises osthole, matrine and bupirimate with mass content of 0.25-0.35%, 1.25-1.75% and 0.05-0.08% respectively;

or/and the mass ratio of the amino acid foliar fertilizer A to the trichoderma bacterial fertilizer to the biological source preparation is (0.8-1.2): (0.8-1.2): (0.8-1.2).

5. The planting method according to claim 1, wherein in the step of pollinating: the pollination times are 2-3 times, and each time, the touch pollination is carried out with the pollen dosage of 22-26 g per mu and the mechanical pollination is carried out with the pollen dosage of 45-55 g per mu.

6. The method of claim 1, wherein in the step of expanding fruit: the mass content of the calcium alkoxide contained in the calcium fertilizer is 150-200g/L, and the application amount is 4.5-5.5 liters/mu;

Or/and the mass content of magnesium contained in the magnesium fertilizer is greater than or equal to 100 g/L, and the application amount is 4.5-5.5 liters/mu.

7. The method of claim 1, wherein in the step of cultivating: the mass content of the chelated calcium in the foliar calcium fertilizer is 170-190 g/L, the application times are 3-4 times, and the foliar calcium fertilizer is diluted by 600-900 times during application;

or/and the sum of the mass of N, P O5 and the mass of K2O contained in the humic acid water-soluble fertilizer is more than or equal to 20%, the mass content of humic acid is more than or equal to 4%, the application time is at least 1, and the application amount is 4.5-5.5 kg/mu;

or/and the potash fertilizer is a water-soluble fertilizer with the mass content of nitrogen of 8-12%, the mass content of phosphorus of 5-9% and the mass content of potassium of 40-45%, and the application amount is 18-22 kg/mu.

8. The planting method according to claim 1, wherein in the step of smearing the trunk: the quality content of the copper quinoline contained in the copper quinoline solution is 40-50%.

9. The method of claim 1, wherein the step of applying fruit fertilizer comprises: the fruit picking fertilizer contains 8-12% of nitrogen, 50-54% of phosphorus and 8-12% of potassium by mass, and is applied for at least 1 time with the application amount of 13-16 kg/mu.

10. The planting method according to claim 1, wherein in the root-promoting step: the application amount of the amino acid water-soluble fertilizer is 18-22 kg/mu, and the application times are at least 1.