CN112586256A

CN112586256A - Planting method capable of improving yield and quality of kiwi fruits and comprising 16 working procedures

Info

Publication number: CN112586256A
Application number: CN202011429665.6A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 王毅; 耿丙东
Original assignee: Sichuan Shangyi Agricultural Development Co ltd
Current assignee: Sichuan Shangyi Agricultural Development Co ltd
Priority date: 2020-12-09
Filing date: 2020-12-09
Publication date: 2021-04-02
Anticipated expiration: 2040-12-09
Also published as: CN112586256B

Abstract

The invention provides a planting method comprising 16 working procedures and capable of improving yield and quality of kiwi fruits, and the planting method comprises the following steps: conditioning soil, irrigating in spring, promoting germination, bud picking, flower growing, pollination, fruit swelling, fruit setting, fruit cultivation, tree trunk smearing, vigorous growth control, grass retention, fruit fertilizer application, root promotion, tree cultivation and traction. According to the kiwi fruit planting technology, through exploration of the kiwi fruit planting technology, a kiwi fruit planting technology comprising 16 working procedures is developed, and through proper intervention on kiwi fruits in a proper period, the yield of the kiwi fruits is improved, the quality of the kiwi fruits is improved, such as the content of soluble sugar, the content of dry substances, vitamin C, flavone, amino acid and total phenol are increased, meanwhile, the hardness of the kiwi fruits harvested by the kiwi fruit planting technology is improved, and the storage resistance and the shelf life are obviously prolonged.

Description

Planting method capable of improving yield and quality of kiwi fruits and comprising 16 working procedures

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of agricultural production, in particular to a planting method comprising 16 procedures and capable of improving yield and quality of kiwi fruits.

Background

Kiwi fruit has rich nutritive value, contains trace elements such as calcium, potassium, selenium, zinc, germanium and the like, 17 amino acids required by human body, also contains rich vitamins, and is known as the king of fruit. Therefore, the economic value of the kiwi fruit is quite objective.

The kiwi fruits native to China have 59 varieties, wherein the kiwi fruits have great cultivation value in production, such as noble kiwi fruits, golden fruit kiwi fruits, peace No. 1 kiwi fruits, Miliang No. 1 kiwi fruits, Longzanghong kiwi fruits, red-heart kiwi fruits and the like. At present, the average yield per mu of kiwi fruits in the full bearing period of the kiwi fruits is about 2000 jin nationwide according to different varieties and technical levels, the yield per mu of an orchard properly managed is about 4000 jin and is only half of the yield of the kiwi fruits in New Zealand (the yield per mu of the kiwi fruits in New Zealand is about 8000 jin), the quality of the kiwi fruits in China is far away from that of the kiwi fruits in good brand in New Zealand, and the market sales amount of the kiwi fruits in the New Zealand is far less than that of the kiwi fruits in good brand in New Zealand. With the development of the domestic kiwi fruit industry, the problems of backward management technology level, serious pest and disease damage, low yield and quality and the like are highlighted, and the establishment of a high-quality and high-yield kiwi fruit cultivation technology is urgent.

The traditional planting method for cultivating the kiwi fruits comprises the following steps: 1. after winter pruning, applying winter fertilizer, namely using 40 kg/mu of ternary compound fertilizer and 1.5 tons/mu of organic fertilizer; 2. spring irrigation: watering and rooting agent 5-10L/mu 15-20 days before bud germination; 3. bud picking: 6-8 new buds are generated, and terminal growing points are directly removed; 4. promoting flower growth: 3-5 days before blooming, applying 5-10 kg/mu of high-phosphorus water-soluble fertilizer, diluting 200g of amino acid foliar fertilizer by 300 times and spraying by 500 times; 5. pollination: pollination is carried out by adopting a mode of combining contact pollination and mechanical pollination; 6. fruit swelling: applying 5-10 kg/mu of high-potassium water-soluble fertilizer about 10 days after the flower withering; 7. and (3) fruit setting: thinning fruits 20 days after the blossom withers; 8. and (3) fruit cultivation: applying 5-10 kg/mu of high-potassium water-soluble fertilizer 40-50 days after the flower withering, and carrying out drip irrigation for 1 time at intervals of 10-15 days, wherein the drip irrigation is carried out for about 3 times. However, the traditional Chinese gooseberry planting mode has low yield and poor quality.

Disclosure of Invention

Based on the above, the main objective of the present invention is to provide a planting method comprising 16 steps, which can improve the yield and quality of kiwi fruit.

The specific technical scheme comprises the following steps:

a planting method capable of improving yield and quality of kiwi fruits and comprising 16 working procedures is characterized by comprising the following steps:

conditioning soil: after winter pruning, applying winter fertilizer to ensure that the mass content of organic matters in the soil is more than or equal to 3 percent, the pH value is 5.5-6.5, and the mass content of trace elements is more than or equal to 10 percent; the trace elements comprise Fe, Zn, B and Mg;

spring irrigation: irrigating rooting agent A5-8 days before bud germination, and applying brassin and liquid boron;

promoting germination: when buds sprout, applying a balanced water-soluble fertilizer and a seaweed liquid fertilizer A;

bud picking: 4-6 pieces of new buds emerge, and the growing points at the tail ends of the new buds are damaged;

promoting flower growth: applying a high-phosphorus water-soluble fertilizer, an amino acid foliar fertilizer A, a trichoderma fertilizer and a biological source preparation 7-10 days before flowering; the biological source preparation comprises osthole, matrine and bupirimate;

pollination: pollination is carried out by adopting a mode of combining contact pollination and mechanical pollination;

fruit swelling: applying calcium fertilizer, magnesium fertilizer and amino acid foliar fertilizer B6-8 days after the flower withering;

and (3) fruit setting: thinning fruits 13-17 days after the flower withering;

and (3) fruit cultivation: applying a calcium fertilizer to the leaf surfaces 28-34 days after the blossom withers; applying humic acid water-soluble fertilizer 48-52 days after the flower withering; applying potash fertilizer 58-62 days after the flower withering; applying potash fertilizer 73-77 days after the flower withering;

the planting method comprises the following steps:

smearing the trunk: coating the trunk and the main vine of a kiwi fruit tree with a seaweed liquid fertilizer B and a oxine-copper solution after fruit picking, before winter or before bud sprouting every year;

controlling vigorous growth: cutting off the main vines and the bearing mother branches from 2-4 leaves, allowing the cut main vines and the cut mother branches to germinate, controlling vigorous branches, and culturing mediocre branches;

grass retention: covering the hollow grass with non-woven fabric around the nest plate, removing high-stalk weeds in other places, and leaving the gramineous short weeds;

applying fruit picking fertilizer: after picking fruits, applying fruit picking fertilizer and rooting agent B;

promoting roots: applying amino acid water-soluble fertilizers in 3 middle of month, 6 early of month and 9 middle of month respectively;

cultivating trees: the tree type for cultivating the kiwi fruits is a tree type with one trunk, two vines and eight lateral branches;

traction: and (5) building a traction frame, and drawing the reserved mother branches bearing fruits in the second year.

Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:

according to the kiwi fruit planting technology, through exploration of the kiwi fruit planting technology, a kiwi fruit planting technology comprising 16 working procedures is developed, and through proper intervention on kiwi fruits in a proper period, the yield of the kiwi fruits is improved, the quality of the kiwi fruits is improved, such as the content of soluble sugar, the content of dry substances, vitamin C, flavone, amino acid and total phenol are increased, meanwhile, the hardness of the kiwi fruits harvested by the kiwi fruit planting technology is improved, and the storage resistance and the shelf life are obviously prolonged.

Detailed Description

In order that the invention may be more fully understood, reference will now be made to the following description. This invention may, however, be embodied in many different forms and should not be construed as limited to the embodiments set forth herein. Rather, these embodiments are provided so that this disclosure will be thorough and complete.

Unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention belongs. The terminology used in the description of the invention herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of the invention. As used herein, the term "and/or" includes any and all combinations of one or more of the associated listed items.

Experiments of examples and comparative examples are carried out in 50 mu of kiwi fruit base in Fuxing Zhenjiang Chongcun in Pianhe county, Sichuan province, and the kiwi fruit variety is yellow kiwi fruit, and each example corresponds to 10 mu.

Example 1

The embodiment provides a planting method comprising 16 working procedures and capable of improving yield and quality of kiwi fruits, comprising the following steps of:

1. conditioning soil

After winter pruning, applying winter fertilizer to ensure that the organic matter of the soil reaches more than 3 percent, applying 1.5 tons of special bio-organic fertilizer per mu and 40kg of soil conditioner per mu to ensure that the pH value of the soil is between 5.5 and 6.5; 20 kg/mu of trace elements (the mass content of Fe, Zn and Mg is more than or equal to 10 percent). In this operation:

the biological organic fertilizer is purchased in the market, the mass content of organic matters is more than or equal to 45 percent, and the content of beneficial biological bacteria is more than or equal to 2 hundred million/g; the fertilizer is a 'pure grain time' microbial agent produced by Qingdao Yibai agricultural fertilizer industry Limited company, and the product number is as follows: qx 0200.

The soil conditioner is commercially available, the mass content of CaO is more than or equal to 30%, the mass content of MgO is more than or equal to 8%, the total mass content of Fe, Zn and B is more than or equal to 1%, the mass content of seaweed active substances is more than or equal to 5%, the mass content of chitin and amino acid is more than or equal to 2%, and the product is a calcium-magnesium seaweed powder of calcium-calcium powder produced by Xiamen Mata ecological corporation.

The trace elements are commercially available, the mass content of copper, iron, manganese, zinc, boron and molybdenum is more than or equal to 10%, the mass content of calcium, magnesium, sulfur and cobalt is more than or equal to 5%, and the medium-micro multi-beautiful trace element water-soluble fertilizer produced by Qingdao Yibai agricultural fertilizer company Limited.

2. Smearing tree trunk

In the period after fruit picking every year, the trunk and the main vine are uniformly coated with seaweed liquid fertilizer and 45% quinoline copper solution, damaged barks are repaired, metabolism is promoted, and frost damage is prevented. In this operation:

the seaweed liquid fertilizer is purchased from markets, the mass content of seaweed polysaccharide is more than or equal to 3 percent, the mass content of amino acid is more than or equal to 10 percent, and the mass content of GaO is more than or equal to 5 percent, and is the Qineng 198 marine organism stimulin produced by Qingdao Yibai agricultural fertilizer company Limited. When in use, the composition is diluted with water according to the mass ratio of 1: 1.

45% oxine-copper solution, commercially available, i.e., a liquid formed by 100-fold dilution of a 45% oxine-copper stock solution.

3. Spring irrigation device

Irrigating the rooting agent once 7 days before germination, wherein the rooting agent is 20L/mu. Combining with spring irrigation, adding 300ppm of brassin (0.0075%) and 21% of liquid boron (0.5 ml) into the root tree. In this operation:

the rooting agent is purchased in the market, the mass content of amino acid is more than or equal to 10 percent, the mass content of GaO is more than or equal to 5 percent, and the Beierziyi root-planting amino acid-containing water-soluble fertilizer produced by Qingdao Yibai agricultural fertilizer company Limited.

4. Promoting germination

In early 3-3 last ten days, balanced water soluble fertilizer (10 kg/mu) and seaweed liquid fertilizer (10 kg/mu) are applied in a flushing mode when buds begin to sprout, so that the buds sprout neatly, and the buds are strong and the flowers are strong. In this operation:

the balanced water-soluble fertilizer refers to a macroelement water-soluble fertilizer with the mass content of nitrogen being 20%, the mass content of phosphorus being 20% and the mass content of potassium being 20%; wanwuchun No. 2 produced by Qingdao Yibai agricultural fertilizer Co.

The seaweed liquid fertilizer refers to a liquid fertilizer with seaweed polysaccharide content more than or equal to 3 percent. QITONG 198 Marine organism stimulin produced by Qingdao Yibai agricultural and fertilizer industries, Inc.

5. Bud picking

After 5 leaves are developed on the bud of the new hair, the growing point at the tail end is pinched and broken by fingers, the growing point is damaged, and the vigorous growth is avoided.

6. Flower promoting method

And 9 days before blooming, 15 kg/mu of high-phosphorus water-soluble fertilizer is applied once to promote the quality of flowers and improve the pollination rate, and meanwhile, amino acid foliar fertilizer, trichoderma liquid and biological preparation with the mass fraction ratio of 1:1:1 are sprayed once to promote the growth of fruit stalks and prevent and control diseases. In this operation:

the high-phosphorus water-soluble fertilizer refers to a macroelement water-soluble fertilizer with the nitrogen content of 10%, the phosphorus content of 52% and the potassium content of 10%, and is a macroelement water-soluble fertilizer produced by Qingdao Yibai agricultural fertilizer limited company and having the effect of flushing, dripping, beautifying flowers and fruits.

The amino acid foliar fertilizer refers to an amino acid water-soluble fertilizer with the mass content of amino acid being more than or equal to 10 percent and the mass sum of Cu, Fe, Mn and Zn being more than or equal to 2 percent, and the alolong amino acid water-soluble fertilizer produced by Szechwan along plant nutrition technology limited company is purchased in the market.

The trichoderma liquid is effective strains with effective viable count more than or equal to 5 hundred million/gram, such as trichoderma harpacum, trichoderma asperellum and trichoderma viride, wherein the ratio of the number of the strains spores is 30: 15:15, and the liquid obtained by diluting the trichoderma preparation by 250 times is a composite trichoderma preparation produced by Yitrillion Biotechnology Limited company in Guizhou.

The biogenic preparation refers to biogenic preparation containing 0.3%, 1.5% and 0.07% of osthole, matrine and bupirimate respectively by mass, and osthole, matrine and bupirimate which are commercially available and produced by Vickers Biotech limited of Sichuan province.

7. Pollination is carried out

According to the following steps of 8:1 proportion of intercropping male plants, namely 7 female plants are matched with 1 male plant at even intervals. Self-made pollen and commercial pollen are mixed according to the proportion of 1:1 to prepare compound pollen, and the compound pollen and the lycopodium clavatum powder are prepared according to the following proportion: artificial pollination 1: 2, mechanical pollination 1: 5. in this operation:

self-made pollen means: collecting the bare male flowers in the morning, spreading the flowers in a shade place for 2-4 hours, and airing the moisture on the surface;

placing the dried male flowers into an anther separator to separate anthers; placing the anther in a pollen drying device with the constant temperature of 28 ℃ for baking for 8 hours, and drying the anther; and (3) putting the anther in a powder extracting machine, and extracting the pollen to obtain the self-made pollen.

Commercial pollen was purchased from: yongfeng pollen factory in Pingdu city.

Contact pollination and mechanical pollination are combined during pollination, and the method specifically comprises the following steps: contact pollination, adopting a special brush to contact the prepared pollen with pistils of female flowers, using the prepared pollen 25 g/time per mu, and continuously carrying out pollination for 2-3 times; and (3) mechanical pollination, namely pollinating the prepared pollen by using a pollination machine, wherein 50 g of the prepared pollen is used for each mu for 2-3 times continuously.

8. Puffed fruit

After the flowers are withered for 7 days, 5L of calcium fertilizer and 5L of magnesium fertilizer are applied to each mu of the flowers, so that the absorption of calcium is promoted, and the hardness of fruits is improved. 800 times of amino acid foliar fertilizer liquid is sprayed on the leaf surfaces to promote fruit expansion, and the spraying is carried out once every 7 days and is carried out for 4 times continuously. In this operation:

the calcium fertilizer refers to sugar alcohol calcium 180 g/L, is purchased in the market, and can be Beierziyi plant calcium produced by Qingdao Yibai agricultural fertilizer company Limited.

The magnesium fertilizer is a medium element water-soluble fertilizer with the Mg mass content of more than or equal to 100g/L, is purchased in the market, and is produced Beierziyi magnesium for planting by Qingdao Yibai agricultural fertilizer industry Limited.

The amino acid foliar fertilizer refers to an alolong amino acid water-soluble fertilizer produced by Sichuan along plant nutrition technology limited company, wherein the mass content of amino acid is more than or equal to 10%, and the mass content of trace elements is more than or equal to 2%, wherein the trace elements comprise Cu, Fe, Mn and Zn.

9. Fruit setting

Thinning fruits after the fruit seat is stable 15 days after the flower withering, thinning small fruits, malformed fruits, the first fruit and the last fruit, reserving 6 fruits for each bud, thinning fruits for the second time at intervals of 10 days, and reserving 4 fruits for each bud.

10. Controlling vigorous growth

The first bud of the main vine or the bearing mother branch is a reserved bearing mother branch in the next year, the tree body which is too rich in fertilizer and water and is too vigorous in growth is cut from 3 leaves, the tree body is germinated, the vigorous growing branch is controlled, and the medium-quality branch is cultured.

11. Root promoting

20 kg/mu of amino acid water-soluble fertilizer is applied once to 3, 6 and 9 ten days of the middle of the month to promote the robust growth of the root system. In this operation:

the amino acid water-soluble fertilizer is an alolong amino acid water-soluble fertilizer produced by Sichuan along plant nutrition science and technology limited.

12. Quality improvement of

Starting 30 days after flower withering, spraying the foliar calcium fertilizer with the dilution multiple of 700 times at intervals of 7 days, and continuously spraying for 4 times to improve the hardness of fruits. In this operation: the foliar calcium fertilizer refers to foliar calcium fertilizer with chelated calcium content of 180 g/l, which is commercially available and is Beierziyi plant calcium produced by Qingdao Yibai agricultural fertilizer industry Co.

Beginning 50 days after flower withering, 5 kg/mu of humic acid water-soluble fertilizer is irrigated once every 15 days to promote the accumulation of dry matters and improve the quality. In the operation, the humic acid water-soluble fertilizer refers to a water-soluble fertilizer with the mass content of N + P2O5+ K2O being more than or equal to 20 percent and the mass content of humic acid being more than or equal to 4.0 percent, and is a dripping humic acid flower and fruit type water-soluble fertilizer produced by Qingdao Yibai agricultural fertilizer company Limited.

After 60 days and 75 days after flower withering, 20 kg/mu of fruit swelling and strengthening type potash fertilizer is respectively dripped once to promote the accumulation of dry matters. In the operation, the fruit swelling and strengthening type potassium fertilizer refers to a water-soluble fertilizer with 10% of nitrogen, 7% of phosphorus and 42% of potassium, and a macroelement water-soluble fertilizer of Wanzhuchun No. 3 (fruit swelling and strengthening type) produced by Qingdao Yibai agricultural fertilizer company Limited and purchased in the market.

13. Grass remained

Covering the hollow grass with non-woven fabric within the diameter range of 80cm around the nest plate, and manually eradicating high-stem weeds in other places to leave the gramineous short weeds.

14. Fruit picking fertilizer

After picking fruits, the fruit picking fertilizer is applied for one time by flushing 15 kg/mu in time, and the rooting agent is 15L/mu. In this operation:

the fruit picking fertilizer is a macroelement water-soluble fertilizer with the nitrogen content of 10%, the phosphorus content of 52% and the potassium content of 10%;

the rooting agent is a water-soluble fertilizer with the humic acid content of more than or equal to 10 percent, and a Yibai root humic acid-containing water-soluble fertilizer produced by Qingdao Yibai agricultural fertilizer industry Limited company.

15. Tree cultivating type

The tree shape is cultivated into a tree shape with one trunk, two vines and eight lateral branches. Transplanting seedlings, transplanting when the diameter of stems at the 5cm high above the ground of the seedlings is more than 0.7cm, performing variety changing grafting after 13 months of transplantation, after grafting survival, drawing the trunk to grow vertically upwards to form a trunk, when the height above the ground is more than 230cm (or more than 30cm above a shed frame), cutting the trunk at a position 30cm below the shed frame to ensure that the trunk additionally germinates at the cut position, keeping 2 sprouts, drawing on a line, and when the length is more than 150cm, binding the trunk on a steel wire of the shed frame in parallel to form two tendrils;

newly germinated sprouts on the two vines are symmetrically reserved for 8 sprouts at intervals of 30cm, and the sprouts grow into eight lateral branches.

16. Traction apparatus

In the middle of two rows of kiwifruits, standing a steel pipe (or a bamboo pole) 550cm high and 4cm in diameter from the ground, standing one at the junction of every two main vines of the kiwifruits, and fixing the steel pipe on a kiwifruit shed frame; fixing 8 cotton threads I with the length of 500cm on the top end of the steel pipe, and fixing the other ends of the cotton threads I on the main vine iron wire at intervals of 30 cm; when the length of the reserved bearing mother branches in the second year is more than 40cm, the bearing mother branches in the second year are pulled to the cotton threads to grow upwards along the cotton threads; after picking, removing bearing branches in the current year; after leaves fall, the female branches which are led upwards in the next year are laid down and tied on the shed frame in parallel at intervals of 30 cm.

Example 2

1. conditioning soil

2. Smearing tree trunk

Before winter, the trunk and the main vine are uniformly coated with seaweed liquid fertilizer and 45% quinoline copper solution, damaged barks are repaired, metabolism is promoted, and frost damage is prevented. In this operation:

3. Spring irrigation device

Irrigating 2 times of rooting agent 5 days before germination, 18L/mu. In combination with spring irrigation, 300ppm of brassin (0.007%) and 20% of liquid boron (0.6 ml) are added into the trees in an amount of 0.4 ml of brassin (0.007%). In this operation:

4. Promoting germination

In early 3-3 last ten days, balanced water soluble fertilizer (8 kg/mu) and seaweed liquid fertilizer (8 kg/mu) are applied in a flushing mode when buds begin to sprout, so that the buds sprout neatly, and the buds are strong and the flowers are strong. In this operation:

5. Bud picking

After the new hair buds are developed into 4 leaves, the growing points at the tail ends are pinched and broken by fingers to destroy the growing points and avoid vigorous growth.

6. Flower promoting method

And 7 days before blooming, 12 kg/mu of high-phosphorus water-soluble fertilizer is applied once to promote the quality of flowers and improve the pollination rate, and meanwhile, amino acid foliar fertilizer, trichoderma liquid and biological preparation with the mass fraction ratio of 0.8:1.2:0.8 are sprayed once to promote the growth of fruit stalks and prevent and control diseases. In this operation:

7. Pollination is carried out

Commercial pollen was purchased from: yongfeng pollen factory in Pingdu city.

Contact pollination and mechanical pollination are combined during pollination, and the method specifically comprises the following steps: contact pollination, adopting a special brush to contact the prepared pollen with pistils of female flowers, using the prepared pollen for 22 g/time per mu and continuously pollinating for 2 times; and (3) mechanical pollination, namely pollinating the prepared pollen by using a pollination machine, wherein 45 g of the prepared pollen is used for each mu for 2 times continuously.

8. Puffed fruit

After 6 days of flower withering, 4.5L of calcium fertilizer and 4.5L of magnesium fertilizer are applied per mu of the flower, so that the absorption of calcium is promoted, and the hardness of fruits is improved. 700 times of amino acid foliar fertilizer liquid is sprayed on the leaf surface to promote fruit expansion, and the spraying is carried out once every 7 days and is carried out for 3 times continuously. In this operation:

the calcium fertilizer refers to a liquid fertilizer with sugar alcohol calcium content of 180 g/L, is purchased in the market, and can be Beierziyi plant calcium produced by Qingdao Yibai agricultural fertilizer industry Co.

9. Fruit setting

And (3) starting thinning fruits 13 days after the flowers are withered and the fruit seats are stable, thinning small fruits, malformed fruits, the first fruits and the last fruits, reserving 6 fruits for each bud, thinning fruits for the second time at intervals of 10 days, and reserving 4 fruits for each bud.

10. Controlling vigorous growth

The first bud of the main vine or the bearing mother branch is a reserved bearing mother branch in the next year, the tree body which is too rich in fertilizer and water and is too vigorous in growth is cut from 2 leaves, the tree body is germinated, the vigorous growing branch is controlled, and the medium-quality branch is cultured.

11. Root promoting

And 18 kg/mu of amino acid water-soluble fertilizer is applied once to 3, 6 and 9 ten days of the middle of the month to promote robust growth of roots. In this operation: the amino acid water-soluble fertilizer is an alolong amino acid water-soluble fertilizer produced by Sichuan along plant nutrition science and technology limited.

12. Quality improvement of

Starting 28 days after flower withering, spraying the leaf surface calcium fertilizer with the dilution multiple of 600 times at intervals of 7 days, and continuously spraying for 3 times to improve the fruit hardness. In this operation: the foliar calcium fertilizer refers to foliar calcium fertilizer with chelated calcium content of 180 g/l, which is commercially available and is Beierziyi plant calcium produced by Qingdao Yibai agricultural fertilizer industry Co.

Beginning 48 days after flower withering, irrigating once the humic acid water-soluble fertilizer for 4.5 kg/mu at an interval of 15 days, promoting the accumulation of dry matters and improving the quality. In the operation, the humic acid water-soluble fertilizer refers to a water-soluble fertilizer with the mass content of N + P2O5+ K2O being more than or equal to 20 percent and the mass content of humic acid being more than or equal to 4.0 percent, and is a dripping humic acid flower and fruit type water-soluble fertilizer produced by Qingdao Yibai agricultural fertilizer company Limited.

After flower withering, the fertilizer is respectively drip-irrigated with 18 kg/mu of fruit swelling potassium fertilizer 58 days and 73 days, so as to promote the accumulation of dry matters. In the operation, the fruit swelling and strengthening type potassium fertilizer refers to a water-soluble fertilizer with 10% of nitrogen, 7% of phosphorus and 42% of potassium, and a macroelement water-soluble fertilizer of Wanzhuchun No. 3 (fruit swelling and strengthening type) produced by Qingdao Yibai agricultural fertilizer company Limited and purchased in the market.

13. Grass remained

Covering the hollow grass with non-woven fabric within the diameter range of 70cm around the nest plate, and manually eradicating high-stem weeds in other places to leave the gramineous short weeds.

14. Fruit picking fertilizer

And after picking, the fruit picking fertilizer is applied for one time in time by flushing 13 kg/mu and the rooting agent is applied for 13L/mu. In this operation:

15. Tree cultivating type

16. Traction apparatus

Example 3

1. conditioning soil

2. Smearing tree trunk

Before sprouting every year, the trunk and the main tendrils are uniformly coated with seaweed liquid fertilizer and 45 percent solution of oxine-copper, damaged barks are repaired, metabolism is promoted, and frost damage is prevented. In this operation:

3. Spring irrigation device

Irrigating 3 times of rooting agent for 22L/mu 8 days before germination. In combination with spring irrigation, brassin and liquid boron are added, and the dosage of the brassin and the liquid boron is 0.6 ml (0.008%) and 300ppm +0.4 ml (22%) of the liquid boron for the plant trees. In this operation:

4. Promoting germination

In early 3-3 last ten days, balanced water soluble fertilizer (12 kg/mu) and seaweed liquid fertilizer (12 kg/mu) are applied in a flushing mode when buds begin to sprout, so that the buds sprout neatly, and the buds are strong and the flowers are strong. In this operation:

5. Bud picking

After the new hair buds grow into 6 leaves, the growing points at the tail ends are pinched and broken by fingers to destroy the growing points and avoid vigorous growth.

6. Flower promoting method

10 days before blooming, 18 kg/mu of high-phosphorus water-soluble fertilizer is applied for 3 times to promote the quality of flowers and improve the pollination rate, and meanwhile, amino acid foliar fertilizer, trichoderma liquid and biological preparation with the mass fraction ratio of 1.2:0.8:0.8 are sprayed once to promote the growth of fruit stalks and prevent and control diseases. In this operation:

7. Pollination is carried out

Commercial pollen was purchased from: yongfeng pollen factory in Pingdu city.

Contact pollination and mechanical pollination are combined during pollination, and the method specifically comprises the following steps: contact pollination, adopting a special brush to contact the prepared pollen with pistils of female flowers, using the prepared pollen for 26 g/time per mu and continuously pollinating for 3 times; and (3) mechanical pollination, namely pollinating the prepared pollen by using a pollination machine, wherein 55 g of the prepared pollen is used for 3 times continuously.

8. Puffed fruit

After 8 days after flower withering, 5.5L of calcium fertilizer and 5.5L of magnesium fertilizer are applied to each mu of the plant, so that the absorption of calcium is promoted, and the hardness of fruits is improved. 900 times of amino acid foliar fertilizer liquid is sprayed on the leaf surface to promote fruit expansion, and the spraying is carried out once every 7 days and is carried out for 4 times continuously. In this operation:

9. Fruit setting

Thinning fruits 17 days after the flower withering, starting to thin fruits after the fruit seat is stable, thinning small fruits, malformed fruits, the first fruits and the last fruits, reserving 6 fruits for each bud, thinning fruits for the second time at intervals of 10 days, and reserving 4 fruits for each bud.

10. Controlling vigorous growth

11. Root promoting

And 22 kg/mu of amino acid water-soluble fertilizer is applied for 3 times respectively in the middle of 3 months, the beginning of 6 months and the middle of 9 months to promote the robust growth of the root system. In this operation:

12. Quality improvement of

Starting 32 days after flower withering, spraying the leaf surface calcium fertilizer with the dilution multiple of 900 times at intervals of 7 days, and continuously spraying for 4 times to improve the hardness of fruits. In this operation: the foliar calcium fertilizer refers to foliar calcium fertilizer with chelated calcium content of 180 g/l, which is commercially available and is Beierziyi plant calcium produced by Qingdao Yibai agricultural fertilizer industry Co.

Beginning 52 days after flower withering, 5 kg/mu of humic acid water-soluble fertilizer is irrigated once every 15 days to promote the accumulation of dry matters and improve the quality. In the operation, the humic acid water-soluble fertilizer refers to a water-soluble fertilizer with the mass content of N + P2O5+ K2O being more than or equal to 20 percent and the mass content of humic acid being more than or equal to 4.0 percent, and is a dripping humic acid flower and fruit type water-soluble fertilizer produced by Qingdao Yibai agricultural fertilizer company Limited.

And dripping 22 kg/mu of the fruit swelling and strengthening type potassium fertilizer for one time 62 days and 77 days after flower withering to promote dry matter accumulation. In the operation, the fruit swelling and strengthening type potassium fertilizer refers to a water-soluble fertilizer with 10% of nitrogen, 7% of phosphorus and 42% of potassium, and a macroelement water-soluble fertilizer of Wanzhuchun No. 3 (fruit swelling and strengthening type) produced by Qingdao Yibai agricultural fertilizer company Limited and purchased in the market.

13. Grass remained

Covering the hollow grass with non-woven fabric within 90cm of the diameter around the nest plate, and manually eradicating high-stem weeds in other places to leave the gramineous short weeds.

14. Fruit picking fertilizer

And after picking, timely applying 16 kg/mu of fruit picking fertilizer and 16L/mu of rooting agent at one time. In this operation:

15. Tree cultivating type

16. Traction apparatus

Comparative example 1

1. conditioning soil

2. Smearing tree trunk

In the sprouting period, the trunk and the main tendrils are uniformly coated with seaweed liquid fertilizer and 45 percent solution of oxine-copper, damaged barks are repaired, metabolism is promoted, and frost damage is prevented. In this operation:

3. Spring irrigation device

The rooting agent is irrigated once 15 days before germination, and 20L/mu is obtained. Combining with spring irrigation, adding 300ppm of brassin (0.0075%) and 21% of liquid boron (0.5 ml) into the root tree. In this operation:

4. Promoting germination

Balanced water soluble fertilizer (10 kg/mu) and seaweed liquid fertilizer (10 kg/mu) are applied in a rush way in the half month before buds start to sprout, so that the buds are neat, strong and strong. In this operation:

5. Bud picking

6. Flower promoting method

And 3 days before blooming, 15 kg/mu of high-phosphorus water-soluble fertilizer is applied once to promote the quality of flowers and improve the pollination rate, and meanwhile, amino acid foliar fertilizer, trichoderma liquid and biological preparation with the mass fraction ratio of 1:1:1 are sprayed once to promote the growth of fruit stalks and prevent and control diseases. In this operation:

7. Pollination is carried out

Commercial pollen was purchased from: yongfeng pollen factory in Pingdu city.

8. Puffed fruit

After 10 days of flower withering, 5L of calcium fertilizer and 5L of magnesium fertilizer are applied per mu of the flower, so that the absorption of calcium is promoted, and the hardness of fruits is improved. 800 times of amino acid foliar fertilizer liquid is sprayed on the leaf surfaces to promote fruit expansion, and the spraying is carried out once every 7 days and is carried out for 4 times continuously. In this operation:

9. Fruit setting

Thinning fruits 20 days after the flower withering, starting to thin fruits after the fruit seat is stable, thinning small fruits, malformed fruits, the first fruits and the last fruits, reserving 6 fruits for each bud, thinning fruits for the second time at intervals of 10 days, and reserving 4 fruits for each bud.

10. Controlling vigorous growth

11. Root promoting

And 20 kg/mu of amino acid water-soluble fertilizer is applied once in 3 middle ten days to promote the robust growth of the root system. In this operation:

12. Quality improvement of

Starting 20 days after flower withering, spraying the foliar calcium fertilizer with the dilution multiple of 700 times at intervals of 7 days, and continuously spraying for 4 times to improve the hardness of fruits. In this operation: the foliar calcium fertilizer refers to foliar calcium fertilizer with chelated calcium content of 180 g/l, which is commercially available and is Beierziyi plant calcium produced by Qingdao Yibai agricultural fertilizer industry Co.

Beginning 40 days after flower withering, 5 kg/mu of humic acid water-soluble fertilizer is irrigated once every 15 days to promote the accumulation of dry matters and improve the quality. In the operation, the humic acid water-soluble fertilizer refers to a water-soluble fertilizer with the mass content of N + P2O5+ K2O being more than or equal to 20 percent and the mass content of humic acid being more than or equal to 4.0 percent, and is a dripping humic acid flower and fruit type water-soluble fertilizer produced by Qingdao Yibai agricultural fertilizer company Limited.

After the flowers are withered for 50 days and 85 days, 20 kg/mu of the fruit swelling and strengthening type potassium fertilizer is respectively dripped once to promote the accumulation of dry matters. In the operation, the fruit swelling and strengthening type potassium fertilizer refers to a water-soluble fertilizer with 10% of nitrogen, 7% of phosphorus and 42% of potassium, and a macroelement water-soluble fertilizer of Wanzhuchun No. 3 (fruit swelling and strengthening type) produced by Qingdao Yibai agricultural fertilizer company Limited and purchased in the market.

13. Grass remained

14. Fruit picking fertilizer

15. Tree cultivating type

16. Traction apparatus

Comparative example 2

1. conditioning soil

After winter pruning, applying winter fertilizer to ensure that the organic matter of the soil reaches more than 3 percent, applying 1.5 tons of special bio-organic fertilizer per mu, and in the operation: the biological organic fertilizer is purchased in the market, the mass content of organic matters is more than or equal to 45 percent, and the content of beneficial biological bacteria is more than or equal to 2 hundred million/g; the fertilizer is a 'pure grain time' microbial agent produced by Qingdao Yibai agricultural fertilizer industry Limited company, and the product number is as follows: qx 0200. No soil conditioner and no trace elements were applied.

2. Smearing tree trunk

In the period after fruit picking every year, the trunk and the main tendrils are uniformly coated with seaweed liquid fertilizer, damaged barks are repaired, metabolism is promoted, and frost damage is prevented. The 45% oxine-copper solution was omitted. In this operation: the seaweed liquid fertilizer is purchased from markets, the mass content of seaweed polysaccharide is more than or equal to 3 percent, the mass content of amino acid is more than or equal to 10 percent, and the mass content of GaO is more than or equal to 5 percent, and is the Qineng 198 marine organism stimulin produced by Qingdao Yibai agricultural fertilizer company Limited. When in use, the composition is diluted with water according to the mass ratio of 1: 1.

3. Spring irrigation device

The rooting agent is irrigated for 20L/mu 7 days before germination, and the brassin and the liquid boron are saved. In this operation: the rooting agent is purchased in the market, the mass content of amino acid is more than or equal to 10 percent, the mass content of GaO is more than or equal to 5 percent, and the Beierziyi root-planting amino acid-containing water-soluble fertilizer produced by Qingdao Yibai agricultural fertilizer company Limited.

4. Promoting germination

In early 3-3 last ten days, balanced water soluble fertilizer (10 kg/mu) is applied when buds begin to sprout, so that the buds are neat, strong and strong. In this operation: the balanced water-soluble fertilizer refers to a macroelement water-soluble fertilizer with the mass content of nitrogen being 20%, the mass content of phosphorus being 20% and the mass content of potassium being 20%; wanwuchun No. 2 produced by Qingdao Yibai agricultural fertilizer Co. The seaweed liquid fertilizer is saved.

5. Bud picking

6. Flower promoting method

And 9 days before blooming, 15 kg/mu of high-phosphorus water-soluble fertilizer is applied once to promote the quality of flowers and improve the pollination rate, and meanwhile, amino acid foliar fertilizer is sprayed once to promote the growth of fruit stalks and prevent and control diseases. In this operation:

7. Pollination is carried out

Commercial pollen was purchased from: yongfeng pollen factory in Pingdu city.

8. Puffed fruit

After the flowers are withered for 7 days, 10L of potash fertilizer is applied to each mu of land, so that the absorption of calcium is promoted, and the hardness of fruits is improved. And (3) potassium fertilizer: the water-soluble fertilizer comprises 10% of nitrogen, 7% of phosphorus and 42% of potassium, and is a macroelement water-soluble fertilizer which is purchased from the market and produced by Qingdao Yibai agricultural fertilizer company Limited and is available in Wanzhuang Chun No. 3 (fruit swelling and strengthening type).

9. Fruit setting

10. Controlling vigorous growth

11. Root promoting

12. Quality improvement of

Starting 30 days after flower withering, spraying the foliar magnesium fertilizer with the dilution multiple of 700 times once at intervals of 7 days, and continuously spraying for 4 times.

After the flowers are withered, 5kg of potash fertilizer is irrigated once every 15 days.

After 60 days and 75 days after flower withering, 20 kg/mu of fruit swelling and strengthening type potash fertilizer is respectively dripped once to promote the accumulation of dry matters.

In this operation: the magnesium fertilizer is a medium element water-soluble fertilizer with the Mg mass content of more than or equal to 100g/L, is purchased in the market, and is produced Beierziyi magnesium for planting by Qingdao Yibai agricultural fertilizer industry Limited. The fruit swelling and strengthening type potassium fertilizer refers to a water-soluble fertilizer with 10% of nitrogen, 7% of phosphorus and 42% of potassium, and a macroelement water-soluble fertilizer produced by Qingdao Yibai agricultural fertilizer company Limited in Wanzhuozhuang type No. 3.

13. Grass remained

14. Fruit picking fertilizer

And after picking fruits, applying the rooting agent for 15L/mu in time. In this operation:

15. Tree cultivating type

16. Traction apparatus

The kiwi fruit yield and quality of each example and each comparative example are counted:

soluble sugar content: the measurement is carried out according to the agricultural standard NY/T2742-2015 ultraviolet-visible spectrophotometry;

measuring dry matter content by adopting a reduced pressure drying method;

the hardness is measured by a hardness meter;

vitamin C content (Vc): according to the national standard GB5009.86-2016 high performance liquid chromatography;

the determination of the total phenol content refers to the determination of a gallic acid reagent method;

measuring flavone content by referring to a forskolin phenol reagent;

the reference for measuring the content of amino acid is JY/T019-1996 general rule for amino acid analysis methods and GB 5009.124-2016 for measuring amino acid in food.

The experimental results show that the yield of the kiwi fruits can reach more than 8000 jin per mu, which is far higher than the average yield of 2000 jin per mu under the traditional domestic cultivation management mode. By adopting the comprehensive management technology, the kiwi fruit has good quality, the dry matter content reaches more than 20 percent, and the common kiwi fruit has the dry matter content of 12 percent; the sugar degree of the kiwi fruit is 16-17%, and the sugar degree of the common kiwi fruit is 13-14%; the hardness of the kiwi fruit is 8kg/cm2, the hardness of the common kiwi fruit is about 6kg/cm2, and the kiwi fruit hardness is obviously improved, and the storage resistance and the shelf life are obviously prolonged by adopting the technical scheme of the invention. The Vc content can reach 200mg/g, the Vc content is higher than that of the common kiwi fruit, the kiwi fruit is more suitable for being eaten by patients lacking vitamins, the amino acid content is higher, the kiwi fruit is rich in nutrition and has better taste than the common kiwi fruit, the flavone has the effects of reducing blood sugar, preventing cancer, reducing cholesterol, resisting aging and the like, and the total phenol has the effects of improving immunity, preventing diabetes, resisting oxidation, resisting cancer and the like.

The method adopts 16 key cultivation management technologies for improving the yield and the quality of the kiwi fruit, and by reasonable nutrient proportion, combination of an organic fertilizer, an inorganic fertilizer and a microbial fertilizer, matching of a foliar fertilizer and a water-soluble fertilizer, and combination of key technologies such as bud picking, vigorous growth control, branch smearing, pollination, fruit expansion and the like, the nutrient supply required by the kiwi fruit in a key growth period is sufficient and reasonable, the growth vigor of the kiwi fruit tree is fully enhanced, and the fruit setting rate and the disease resistance are improved. The invention is added with alginic acid and mineral potassium fulvate fertilizer, which has important function for enhancing tree vigor, improving fruit quality and fruit flavor. The calcium-containing foliar fertilizer is adopted, so that the hardness of the fruits is improved, the storage resistance of the fruits is enhanced, and the preservation period and the shelf life are prolonged. The fertilizer has high utilization rate, obvious yield increasing and quality improving effects, can be comparable with the kiwi fruit of New Zealand, can obviously improve the planting level of the kiwi fruit in China, effectively promotes the development of the kiwi fruit industry in China, and is suitable for large-area popularization.

By adopting the 16-path kiwi fruit comprehensive cultivation and management technology, the yield of kiwi fruit can reach more than 8000 jin per mu, and the yield of some plots can exceed 10000 jin and is far higher than the average level of 2000 jin per mu in China. By adopting the comprehensive management technology, the kiwi fruit has good quality, the dry matter content reaches more than 20%, and the dry matter content of the kiwi fruit is 12% in a common cultivation mode; the sugar degree of the kiwi fruit is 16-17%, and the sugar degree of the kiwi fruit is 13-14% in a common cultivation mode; the hardness of the kiwi fruit is 8kg/cm2, the hardness of the kiwi fruit under the common cultivation mode is about 6kg/cm2, and the kiwi fruit with the hardness improving method has the advantages that the hardness of the kiwi fruit is obviously improved, and the storage resistance and the shelf life are obviously prolonged.

The foregoing description of specific embodiments of the present invention has been presented. It is to be understood that the present invention is not limited to the specific embodiments described above, and that various changes and modifications may be made by one skilled in the art within the scope of the appended claims without departing from the spirit of the invention.

Claims

1. A planting method capable of improving yield and quality of kiwi fruits and comprising 16 working procedures is characterized by comprising the following steps:

and (3) fruit setting: thinning fruits 13-17 days after the flower withering;

the planting method comprises the following steps:

2. The planting method of claim 1, wherein the step of spring irrigation comprises: the mass content of amino acid contained in the rooting agent A is more than or equal to 10 percent, the mass content of GaO is more than or equal to 5 percent, and the frequency of irrigating the rooting agent A is at least 1 time, and each time is 18-22 liters/mu;

or/and the brassin accounts for 0.007-0.008% by mass and 0.4-0.6 ml per tree;

or/and the mass content of the liquid boron is 20-22%, and the volume of each tree is 0.4-0.6 ml.

3. The growing method of claim 1, wherein the germination-promoting step comprises: the balanced water soluble fertilizer contains 15-25% of nitrogen, 15-25% of phosphorus, 15-25% of potassium and 8-12 kg/mu of application amount;

or/and the seaweed polysaccharide content of the seaweed liquid fertilizer A is more than or equal to 3% by mass, and the application amount is 8-12 kg/mu.

4. The growing method according to claim 1, wherein the step of promoting flowering comprises: the high-phosphorus water-soluble fertilizer contains 8-12% of nitrogen by mass, 50-54% of phosphorus by mass and 8-12% of potassium by mass, the application frequency is at least 1 time, and the application amount is 12-18 kg/mu;

or/and the mass content of amino acid in the amino acid foliar fertilizer A is more than or equal to 10%, the mass content of trace elements is more than or equal to 2%, and the trace elements comprise Cu, Fe, Mn and Zn;

or/and the trichoderma bacterial manure contains the spore number ratio of (28-32): (13-16) Trichoderma harphigeni, Trichoderma asperellum, and Trichoderma viride of (13-16);

or/and the biological source preparation comprises 0.25-0.35 percent of osthole, 1.25-1.75 percent of matrine and bupirimate with the mass content of 0.05-0.08 percent respectively;

or/and the mass ratio of the amino acid foliar fertilizer A to the trichoderma bacterial fertilizer to the biological source preparation is (0.8-1.2): (0.8-1.2): (0.8-1.2).

5. The planting method of claim 1, wherein the pollinating step comprises: the pollination is carried out for 2-3 times, contact pollination is carried out at the pollen dosage of 22-26 g per mu each time, and mechanical pollination is carried out at the pollen dosage of 45-55 g per mu each time.

6. The growing method according to claim 1, wherein in the step of fruit swelling: the calcium fertilizer contains sugar alcohol calcium with the mass content of 150-200g/L and the application amount of 4.5-5.5L/mu;

or/and the magnesium content of the magnesium fertilizer is more than or equal to 100g/L, and the application amount is 4.5-5.5L/mu;

or/and the mass content of the amino acid in the amino acid foliar fertilizer B is more than or equal to 10%, the mass content of the trace elements is more than or equal to 2%, the trace elements comprise Cu, Fe, Mn and Zn, and the amino acid foliar fertilizer B is diluted by 900 times and applied for 3-4 times.

7. The planting method of claim 1, wherein the step of bearing the fruit comprises: the mass content of the chelated calcium in the foliar calcium fertilizer is 190 g/L, the application frequency is 3-4 times, and the chelated calcium is diluted by 600-900 times during application;

or/and the sum of the masses of N, P2O5 and K2O contained in the humic acid water-soluble fertilizer is more than or equal to 20 percent, the mass content of the humic acid is more than or equal to 4 percent, the application frequency is at least 1 time, and the application amount is 4.5-5.5 kg/mu;

or/and the potassium fertilizer is a water-soluble fertilizer with 8-12% of nitrogen, 5-9% of phosphorus and 40-45% of potassium by mass, and the application amount is 18-22 kg/mu.

8. The planting method of claim 1, wherein the step of smearing the trunk comprises: the seaweed polysaccharide content of the seaweed liquid fertilizer B is more than or equal to 3 percent;

or/and the mass content of the oxine-copper in the oxine-copper solution is 40-50%.

9. The planting method of claim 1, wherein the step of applying fruit fertilizer comprises: the fruit picking fertilizer contains 8-12% of nitrogen, 50-54% of phosphorus and 8-12% of potassium by mass, the application frequency is at least 1 time, and the application amount is 13-16 kg/mu;

or/and the humic acid content of the rooting agent B is more than or equal to 10 percent by mass, the application frequency is at least 1 time, and the application amount is 13-16 kg/mu.

10. The planting method of claim 1, wherein the rooting step comprises: the application amount of the amino acid water-soluble fertilizer is 18-22 kg/mu, and the application frequency is at least 1 time.