CN114982492A - Rapid grafting seedling raising method for small honeydew melons - Google Patents

Rapid grafting seedling raising method for small honeydew melons Download PDF

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Publication number
CN114982492A
CN114982492A CN202210679119.0A CN202210679119A CN114982492A CN 114982492 A CN114982492 A CN 114982492A CN 202210679119 A CN202210679119 A CN 202210679119A CN 114982492 A CN114982492 A CN 114982492A
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parts
seedling
grafting
seedlings
small
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CN202210679119.0A
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杨超飞
常高正
杨路明
陈艳勋
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Lankao Kunhe Agricultural Development Co ltd
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Lankao Kunhe Agricultural Development Co ltd
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Priority to CN202210679119.0A priority Critical patent/CN114982492A/en
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    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01GHORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G2/00Vegetative propagation
    • A01G2/30Grafting
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01GHORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G22/00Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
    • A01G22/05Fruit crops, e.g. strawberries, tomatoes or cucumbers
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01GHORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G24/00Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
    • A01G24/10Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing inorganic material
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01GHORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G24/00Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
    • A01G24/10Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing inorganic material
    • A01G24/12Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing inorganic material containing soil minerals
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01GHORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G24/00Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
    • A01G24/10Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing inorganic material
    • A01G24/12Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing inorganic material containing soil minerals
    • A01G24/15Calcined rock, e.g. perlite, vermiculite or clay aggregates
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01GHORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G24/00Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
    • A01G24/20Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01GHORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G24/00Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
    • A01G24/20Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material
    • A01G24/22Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material containing plant material
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01GHORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G24/00Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
    • A01G24/20Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material
    • A01G24/22Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material containing plant material
    • A01G24/25Dry fruit hulls or husks, e.g. chaff or coir

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  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Environmental Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Botany (AREA)
  • Soil Sciences (AREA)
  • Developmental Biology & Embryology (AREA)
  • Cultivation Of Plants (AREA)

Abstract

The invention discloses a method for quickly grafting and growing seedlings of small honeydew melons, which is characterized by comprising the following steps of: the method comprises the following steps: preparing a seedling substrate, selecting a stock, selecting a scion, preparing the stock, grafting, managing a healing period of a grafted seedling, managing a growing period of the grafted seedling and hardening the seedling, wherein the seedling substrate comprises the following components in parts by weight: 20-30 parts of dandelion roots, 20-25 parts of coconut fiber, 10-15 parts of mushroom residues, 5-8 parts of cottonseed cake powder, 20-30 parts of river sand, 10-14 parts of medical stone powder, 3-5 parts of mushroom polysaccharide, 3-5 parts of enteromorpha polysaccharide, 2-4 parts of expanded perlite micropowder, 1-1.8 parts of microbial agent and 4-7 parts of locust bean gum. The seedling raising method has the advantages of high grafting survival rate, low damping-off disease incidence rate, stronger melon seedlings, quick seedling recovery and high transplanting survival rate.

Description

Rapid grafting seedling raising method for small honeydew melons
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of planting, in particular to a method for quickly grafting and growing seedlings of small honeydew melons.
Background
Honeydew melon belongs to Cucurbitaceae family, and belongs to perennial liana. The melon shape is spherical, flat spherical or elliptical, the surface is smooth or has cracks, the surface is golden yellow or green, the meat is crisp and has more juice, the taste is sweet, and the melon fruit has the strong fragrance of fruits such as pears, apples, bananas, nectarines and the like; honeydew melons are widely cultivated in various regions of China, and have various varieties and cultivation methods, such as outdoor cultivation, greenhouse cultivation, creeping cultivation, three-dimensional cultivation and the like. At present, although the cultivation is wide, the planting process is diversified, factory and intensive scientific planting and management cannot be formed, the grafting survival rate is low, the disease damage is serious, the seedling revival and transplanting conditions are not ideal, the grafting speed is low, and therefore people always find a solution.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects, the invention aims to provide a method for quickly grafting and seedling small honeydew melons, which can improve the grafting survival rate, relieve damping-off diseases, make melon seedlings stronger, and realize quick seedling recovery and high transplanting survival rate.
In order to achieve the purpose, the technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
a method for quickly grafting and seedling small honeydew melons is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method comprises the following steps: preparing a seedling substrate, selecting rootstocks, selecting scions, preparing the rootstocks, cutting the scions, jointing the rootstocks and the scions, managing the healing period of grafted seedlings, managing the growing period of the grafted seedlings and hardening the seedlings.
Further, the seedling raising substrate comprises the following components in parts by weight: 20-30 parts of dandelion roots, 20-25 parts of coconut fiber, 10-15 parts of mushroom residues, 5-8 parts of cottonseed cake powder, 20-30 parts of river sand, 10-14 parts of medical stone powder, 3-5 parts of mushroom polysaccharide, 3-5 parts of enteromorpha polysaccharide, 2-4 parts of expanded perlite micropowder, 1-1.8 parts of microbial agent and 4-7 parts of locust bean gum.
Further, the selecting the rootstock: selecting rootstock seedlings with complete and flat cotyledon leaves, two leaves and one heart and 14-16cm high seedlings.
Further, the scion selection comprises the following steps: and selecting scion seedlings with complete cotyledon leaves and initial development, unexposed first true leaves and 5-6cm high seedlings.
Further, removing true leaves and growing points of the rootstocks, and obliquely punching a hole with the depth of about 0.8-1.0 cm from the inner side of any cotyledon base part of the rootstocks to the lower part of the other cotyledon base part by using a grafting stick; taking a scion, beveling a wedge-shaped surface at a position 1.5cm below the cotyledon by using a blade, then pulling out a grafting stick from the stock, and quickly inserting the scion into a puncture hole of the stock to finish grafting.
Further, the grafted seedling is managed in a healing period: from the second day to the fifth day, keeping the temperature at 25-28 ℃ in the daytime and 20-22 ℃ at night; the water is sprayed once a day, and the spraying time is between nine o 'clock and half ten o' clock in the morning.
Further, the growth period management of the grafted seedlings comprises the following steps: the temperature is properly kept at 28-30 ℃ in the daytime and 18-20 ℃ at night; the humidity is controlled to be about 50-60%, and the seedlings are ventilated for 8-10 hours every day to keep the air in the seedling room smooth.
Further, shading treatment is carried out within two to three days after grafting, the greenhouse is completely sealed, a small arched shed is covered with a cover, sunlight is prevented from directly irradiating the seedbed, and grafted seedlings are prevented from withering; scattered light and sidelight can be seen in the morning and at night after three days, and the light time can be properly prolonged under the condition that the grafted seedlings do not wither.
Further, the root is cut off every seven days, and water is sprinkled every five days.
After the technical scheme is adopted, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
the standardized management of seedling raising and grafting is realized, and the temperature, the humidity, the water fertilizer and the like are quantitatively and scientifically controlled in the whole process from seed selection to grafted seedling survival.
By adopting the grafting seedling method, the success rate of melon seedling grafting reaches more than 95 percent.
By adopting the seedling raising method, the morbidity of the damping-off of the melon seedlings is reduced to below 0.2 percent.
The seedling raising method of the invention has the excellent seedling rate of 80-85%.
Detailed Description
The invention is further illustrated by the following examples.
Step 1, preparing a seedling substrate
The seedling culture substrate comprises the following raw material components in parts by weight:
45 parts of dandelion, 20 parts of coconut fiber, 10 parts of mushroom residue, 5 parts of cottonseed cake powder, 15 parts of river sand, 10 parts of medical stone powder, 3 parts of mushroom polysaccharide, 3 parts of enteromorpha polysaccharide, 2 parts of expanded perlite micropowder, 1 part of microbial inoculum and 5 parts of locust bean gum.
The microbial agent comprises the following components: the microbial inoculum contains 2 × 107 cfu/g of Paecilomyces lilacinus, 1 × 108 cfu/g of Lactobacillus acidophilus and 7 × 107 cfu/g of Trichoderma harzianum.
The raw material components are mixed and fermented in a fermentation tank for 7 days to obtain the seedling substrate. And filling the seedling raising substrate in the plug tray.
Step 2, selecting the rootstock
Selecting a seedling with complete and flat cotyledon leaves, two leaves and one heart and 14-16cm high as a stock seedling.
Step 3, scion selection
The scion variety is a thin-skin honeydew melon variety: selecting a watermelon in Xizhou, wherein cotyledon leaves are complete and initially unfolded, the first true leaf is not exposed, and a seedling with the height of 5-6cm is taken as a scion seedling;
step 4, grafting
The grafting process is preferably carried out on a sunny day under the condition of scattered light or shading light, and hands of a grafting worker and grafting tools (a blade, a grafting stick and the like) are washed with medical alcohol for soaking and disinfection; placing the rootstock on a platform with proper height, removing true leaves and growing points of the rootstock seedling by using a hand side, tightly attaching a grafting stick to the inner side of any cotyledon base part of the rootstock seedling, obliquely puncturing a hole below the base part of the other cotyledon, paying attention to the fact that the epidermis cannot be punctured, and ensuring the depth of the hole to be about 0.8 cm-1 cm; taking a scion seedling, beveling a wedge-shaped surface at a position of 1.5cm below a cotyledon by using a blade, wherein the length is approximately the same as the depth of a puncture hole of a stock, then pulling out a grafting stick from the stock, quickly inserting the scion into the puncture hole of the stock, and finishing grafting; spraying healing powder on the joint part to complete the anvil and spike joint.
The healing powder is prepared from pearl powder, ammonium dipropionate, nicotinic acid and vitamin C according to the weight ratio of 5: 2: 1: 0.1 by mass ratio.
Step 5, management after grafting
Water is not applied the same day after grafting. And shading with black plastic film.
And sprinkling water once a day from the second day to the fifth day, wherein the sprinkling time is between nine o 'clock and ten o' clock in the morning, the sprinkling water is preferably slightly wetting the substrate, a large amount of sprinkling water is not needed, and the direct sprinkling water on the anvil and ear joint part is avoided as much as possible during sprinkling water. The environmental temperature is controlled at 26-27 ℃, and the humidity is 80-83%.
Watering is carried out twice a day from the fifth day of grafting, and watering is carried out once in the morning and afternoon respectively, and the substrate is preferably slightly moistened each time.
Step 8, hardening seedlings
When the melon seedlings grow to three-leaf one-heart seedlings, hardening the seedlings until the melon seedlings grow to four-leaf one-heart seedlings, ventilating for 8 hours every day during hardening the seedlings, and keeping the air in the seedling room smooth, wherein the temperature is 21-22 ℃, and the humidity is 55-58%; cutting off roots every seven days during seedling hardening, sprinkling water every five days for eight to nine o' clock in the morning, and thoroughly watering the matrix. And (3) root breaking: the hole disk is replaced, so that the root system of the melon seedlings growing into the soil through the round hole at the bottom of the hole disk is cut off. Transplanting after the seedlings grow to four leaves and one heart.
Embodiment 2 a method for quickly grafting and raising small-sized honeydew melons, comprising the following steps:
step 1, preparing a seedling substrate
The seedling culture substrate comprises the following raw material components in parts by weight:
40 parts of dandelion root, 20 parts of coconut fiber, 15 parts of mushroom residue, 5 parts of cottonseed cake powder, 15 parts of river sand, 10 parts of medical stone powder, 3 parts of mushroom polysaccharide, 3 parts of enteromorpha polysaccharide, 2 parts of expanded perlite micropowder, 1 part of microbial agent and 5 parts of locust bean gum.
The microbial agent comprises the following components: the microbial inoculum contains 2 x 107 cfu/g of paecilomyces lilacinus, 1 x 108 cfu/g of lactobacillus acidophilus and 7 x 107 cfu/g of trichoderma harzianum.
The raw material components are mixed and fermented in a fermentation tank for 7 days to obtain the seedling substrate. And filling the seedling raising substrate in the plug tray.
Step 2, selecting the rootstock
Selecting a seedling with complete and flat cotyledon leaves, two leaves and one heart and 14-16cm high as a stock seedling.
Step 3, scion selection
The scion variety is a thin-skin honeydew melon variety: selecting a watermelon in Xizhou, wherein cotyledon leaves are complete and initially unfolded, the first true leaf is not exposed, and a seedling with the height of 5-6cm is taken as a scion seedling;
step 4, grafting
The grafting process is preferably carried out on a sunny day under the condition of scattered light or shading light, and hands of a grafting worker and grafting tools (a blade, a grafting stick and the like) are washed with medical alcohol for soaking and disinfection; placing the rootstock on a platform with proper height, removing true leaves and growing points of the rootstock seedling by using a hand side, tightly attaching a grafting stick to the inner side of any cotyledon base part of the rootstock seedling, obliquely punching a hole below the base part of the other cotyledon, paying attention to the fact that the epidermis cannot be punctured, and ensuring that the hole depth is about 0.8 cm-1 cm; taking a scion seedling, beveling a wedge-shaped surface at a position of 1.5cm below a cotyledon by using a blade, wherein the length is approximately the same as the depth of a puncture hole of a stock, then pulling out a grafting stick from the stock, quickly inserting the scion into the puncture hole of the stock, and finishing grafting; and spraying healing powder on the joint part to complete the scion and anvil jointing.
The healing powder is prepared from pearl powder, ammonium dipropionate, nicotinic acid and vitamin C according to the weight ratio of 5: 3: 1: 0.1 by mass ratio.
Step 5, management after grafting
Water is not applied the same day after grafting. And shading with black plastic film.
And sprinkling water twice every day from the second day to the fifth day, wherein the sprinkling time is between nine o 'clock and half ten o' clock in the morning, the sprinkling water is preferably slightly wetting the substrate, a large amount of sprinkling water is not needed, and the direct sprinkling water on the anvil and ear joint part is avoided as much as possible during sprinkling water. The environmental temperature is controlled at 28-29 deg.C, and the humidity is 82-83%.
Watering twice a day from the fifth day of grafting, and respectively watering once in the afternoon, wherein the matrix is preferably slightly moistened each time.
Step 8, hardening seedlings
When the melon seedlings grow to three-leaf one-heart seedlings, hardening the seedlings until the melon seedlings grow to four-leaf one-heart seedlings, ventilating for 8 hours every day during hardening the seedlings, and keeping the air in the seedling room smooth, wherein the temperature is 22-23 ℃, and the humidity is 55-58%; cutting off roots every seven days during hardening, sprinkling water every five days for eight to nine o' clock in the morning, and thoroughly watering the matrix. And (3) root breaking: the hole disk is replaced, so that the root system of the melon seedlings growing into the soil through the round hole at the bottom of the hole disk is cut off. Transplanting after the seedlings grow to four leaves and one heart.
The present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiments, and those skilled in the art will be able to make various modifications without creative efforts from the above-described conception, and fall within the scope of the present invention.

Claims (9)

1. A method for quickly grafting and seedling small honeydew melons is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method comprises the following steps: preparing a seedling culture substrate, selecting a stock, selecting a scion, preparing the stock, grafting, managing a healing period of a grafted seedling, managing a growing period of the grafted seedling and exercising the seedling.
2. The method for rapid grafting seedling raising of small honeydew melons according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: the seedling raising substrate comprises the following components in parts by weight: 20-30 parts of dandelion roots, 20-25 parts of coconut fiber, 10-15 parts of mushroom residues, 5-8 parts of cottonseed cake powder, 20-30 parts of river sand, 10-14 parts of medical stone powder, 3-5 parts of mushroom polysaccharide, 3-5 parts of enteromorpha polysaccharide, 2-4 parts of expanded perlite micropowder, 1-1.8 parts of microbial agent and 4-7 parts of locust bean gum.
3. The method for rapid grafting seedling raising of small honeydew melons according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: selecting the rootstock: selecting a rootstock seedling with complete and flat cotyledon leaves, two leaves and one heart and 14-16cm high seedling height.
4. The method for rapid grafting seedling raising of small honeydew melons according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: selecting the scions: selecting scion seedlings with complete and initially-expanded cotyledon leaves, undistilled first true leaves and 5-6cm high seedlings.
5. The method for rapid grafting seedling raising of small honeydew melons according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: removing true leaves and growing points of the stocks, and obliquely pricking a hole with a grafting stick close to the inner side of any cotyledon base of the stocks towards the lower part of the other cotyledon base, wherein the depth is about 0.8-1.0 cm; taking a scion, beveling a wedge-shaped surface at a position 1.5cm below cotyledon by using a blade, then pulling out a grafting stick from the stock, and quickly inserting the scion into a puncture hole of the stock to finish grafting.
6. The method for quickly grafting and growing seedlings of small honeydew melons according to claim 1, characterized by comprising the following steps: and managing the healing period of the grafted seedlings: from the second day to the fifth day, keeping the temperature at 25-28 ℃ in the daytime and 20-22 ℃ at night; the water is sprayed once a day, and the spraying time is between nine o 'clock and half ten o' clock in the morning.
7. The method for rapid grafting seedling raising of small honeydew melons according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: and (3) the grafted seedling growth period management: the temperature is properly kept at 28-30 ℃ in the daytime and 18-20 ℃ at night; the humidity is controlled to be about 50-60%, and the seedlings are ventilated for 8-10 hours every day to keep the air in the seedling room smooth.
8. The method for rapid grafting seedling raising of small honeydew melons according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: and (3) the grafted seedling growth period management: shading treatment is carried out within two to five days after grafting, the greenhouse is completely sealed, a small arched shed is covered with a covering material, the direct irradiation of sunlight to the seedbed is avoided, and grafted seedlings are prevented from wilting; scattered light and sidelight can be seen in the morning and at night after five days, and the light time can be properly prolonged under the condition that the grafted seedlings do not wither.
9. The method for quickly grafting and growing seedlings of small honeydew melons according to claim 1, characterized by comprising the following steps: during the seedling exercising period: cutting off roots every seven days, and sprinkling water every five days.
CN202210679119.0A 2022-06-16 2022-06-16 Rapid grafting seedling raising method for small honeydew melons Pending CN114982492A (en)

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Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN103907473A (en) * 2014-04-28 2014-07-09 安庆市金大地生态农业发展有限公司 Spring thin skin melon grafting seedling raising method
CN104012310A (en) * 2014-06-25 2014-09-03 湖南省农业信息与工程研究所 Method for grafting and raising a seedling of melon
CN108575367A (en) * 2018-04-11 2018-09-28 南京市蔬菜科学研究所 A kind of muskmelon grafting seedlings-growing method
CN112166851A (en) * 2020-10-12 2021-01-05 潍坊郭牌农业科技有限公司 Grafting seedling method for muskmelon
CN112166852A (en) * 2020-10-12 2021-01-05 潍坊郭牌农业科技有限公司 Grafting seedling method for thin-skinned seeded watermelons

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN103907473A (en) * 2014-04-28 2014-07-09 安庆市金大地生态农业发展有限公司 Spring thin skin melon grafting seedling raising method
CN104012310A (en) * 2014-06-25 2014-09-03 湖南省农业信息与工程研究所 Method for grafting and raising a seedling of melon
CN108575367A (en) * 2018-04-11 2018-09-28 南京市蔬菜科学研究所 A kind of muskmelon grafting seedlings-growing method
CN112166851A (en) * 2020-10-12 2021-01-05 潍坊郭牌农业科技有限公司 Grafting seedling method for muskmelon
CN112166852A (en) * 2020-10-12 2021-01-05 潍坊郭牌农业科技有限公司 Grafting seedling method for thin-skinned seeded watermelons

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