CN112166852A - Grafting seedling method for thin-skinned seeded watermelons - Google Patents
Grafting seedling method for thin-skinned seeded watermelons Download PDFInfo
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- CN112166852A CN112166852A CN202011081669.XA CN202011081669A CN112166852A CN 112166852 A CN112166852 A CN 112166852A CN 202011081669 A CN202011081669 A CN 202011081669A CN 112166852 A CN112166852 A CN 112166852A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G2/00—Vegetative propagation
- A01G2/30—Grafting
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/05—Fruit crops, e.g. strawberries, tomatoes or cucumbers
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/10—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing inorganic material
- A01G24/12—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing inorganic material containing soil minerals
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- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/10—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing inorganic material
- A01G24/12—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing inorganic material containing soil minerals
- A01G24/15—Calcined rock, e.g. perlite, vermiculite or clay aggregates
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/20—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/20—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material
- A01G24/22—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material containing plant material
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/20—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material
- A01G24/22—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material containing plant material
- A01G24/25—Dry fruit hulls or husks, e.g. chaff or coir
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/30—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing synthetic organic compounds
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G7/00—Botany in general
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- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
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- A01N37/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most two bonds to halogen, e.g. carboxylic acids
- A01N37/02—Saturated carboxylic acids or thio analogues thereof; Derivatives thereof
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N43/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds
- A01N43/02—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with one or more oxygen or sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms
- A01N43/04—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with one or more oxygen or sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms with one hetero atom
- A01N43/06—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with one or more oxygen or sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms with one hetero atom five-membered rings
- A01N43/08—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with one or more oxygen or sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms with one hetero atom five-membered rings with oxygen as the ring hetero atom
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N43/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds
- A01N43/34—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom
- A01N43/40—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom six-membered rings
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N63/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing microorganisms, viruses, microbial fungi, animals or substances produced by, or obtained from, microorganisms, viruses, microbial fungi or animals, e.g. enzymes or fermentates
- A01N63/10—Animals; Substances produced thereby or obtained therefrom
Abstract
The invention provides a method for grafting and seedling raising of thin-skinned seed watermelons, which comprises the following steps: preparing a seedling substrate, selecting a rootstock, selecting a scion, preparing the rootstock, cutting the scion, jointing the rootstock and the scion, managing after grafting and hardening seedlings; the seedling raising substrate comprises the following raw material components: dandelion root, mushroom residue, medical stone powder, mushroom polysaccharide enteromorpha polysaccharide, expanded perlite micro powder, microbial agent and locust bean gum. Selecting the watermelon seedlings with complete and initially-expanded cotyledon leaves, undistilled first true leaves and 5-6cm high seedlings as scion seedlings. And inserting the cut surface of the scion downwards into the hole of the stock inserted by the bamboo stick, and obliquely leaning against one side of the cotyledon of the stock to ensure that the standing wood is tightly combined with the cut surface of the scion, and spraying healing powder on the joint part to finish the joint of the stock and the scion. The method for grafting and seedling raising of the thin-peel and seeded watermelons has the advantages of high grafting survival rate, low damping-off disease incidence rate, more robust watermelon seedlings, quick seedling recovery and high transplanting survival rate.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of watermelon planting, and particularly relates to a method for grafting and seedling of thin-skinned seeded watermelons.
Background
The thin-skin seedy watermelon is a fresh-eating hybrid early-maturing variety. Flowering to maturity for 28-30 days, and the whole growth period is about 92 days. The plant growth is stable, the fruit is easy to bear under the low-temperature and low-light conditions, and the weight of each melon is 7-8 kg. The fruit is high round, and dark green sawtooth strips are covered on the light green peel. The flesh is red, the meat is thin and crisp and juicy. The central soluble solid content is 12.0 percent, and the edge soluble solid content is 9.0 percent. Thin and tough peel, storage and transportation resistance, and easy fruit setting under low temperature and low light conditions. The yield per mu in the 1 st growth period is 3920 kg, and is increased by 13.3 percent compared with the Jingxin No. I; the yield per mu in the growth period of 2 nd is 4070 kg, and is increased by 12.1 percent compared with Jingxin I. The thin-skin seeded watermelon li is a breeder: anhui brand-new species limited company, article species: YM06156 multiplied by YF 07021.
CN 201610773381.6A watermelon grafting and seedling method, which comprises the following steps: stock cultivation, scion cultivation, grafting and grafted seedling management. According to the watermelon grafting seedling method, cucurbita pepo is selected as the stock, the root system is developed, the stress resistance is strong, the compatibility and the symbiosis with the grafted scion are strong, the morbidity of the grafted seedling can be effectively reduced, a foundation is laid for the growth of the grafted seedling, seed soaking and germination accelerating are carried out during the scion cultivation period, the germination rate is improved, the stock is watered thoroughly one day before grafting, and the stock, the scion and the surrounding environment are disinfected by carbendazim, so that the grafting efficiency is improved, the top-grafting method is simple and convenient to operate, the wound healing is good, and the grafting survival rate is high. However, when the technical scheme is used for grafting the thin-skin seeded watermelon into the pumpkin rootstock, the wound healing condition is not ideal, and the survival rate is not high.
CN201610226302.X discloses a watermelon grafting seedling method, which comprises the following steps: selecting rootstocks; sowing and raising seedlings; grafting in a proper period: the first true leaf of the stock appears just now, the cotyledon of the scion is unfolded, and the optimal period of grafting is the true leaf of the stock; preparing; the grafting method comprises the following steps: selecting stocks and scions with similar sizes, obliquely cutting downwards at an angle of 45 degrees by a blade at a position 1.2-1.5 cm below the stocks to a depth of 1/3-1/2 of a hypocotyl, then taking the scions at a position 1.5-1.7 cm below cotyledons, obliquely cutting upwards to a cut, mutually embedding the scions and the cuts of the stocks, clamping the leaves to be in a cross shape, then clamping the joints by using grafting clamps, planting the scions into nutrition bowls, densely arranging the nutrition bowls in a seedbed, watering enough water, and buckling a small arched shed; and (5) managing the grafted seedbed. The invention has good effect of preventing and treating the blight, enhances the disease resistance and cold resistance of plants, and has high yield and excellent quality. However, when the technical scheme is used for grafting the thin-skinned seeded watermelon into the pumpkin stock, the wound healing condition is not ideal, the grafting difficulty is high, and the scion survival rate after grafting is low.
CN 201210419551.2A watermelon double-root-cutting grafting seedling method is mainly a method for grafting watermelon seedlings by taking a gourd as a stock and adopting a double-root-cutting technology and a grafting method, and is suitable for the middle and lower reaches of Yangtze river. Mainly comprises the steps of stock seeding, scion seeding, root-cutting grafting, management of root-cutting grafted seedlings and the like. The double-broken-root grafting seedling raising technology provided by the invention can effectively improve the quality of grafted commercial seedlings, improve the labor efficiency, reduce the production cost and improve the yield and quality of watermelons, and is a watermelon grafting seedling raising technology which is worth of popularization and replaces the traditional grafting method. The grafting technology is not suitable for pumpkin stocks, and melon seedlings are easy to suffer from diseases and die after grafting.
The watermelon grafting seedling method in the prior art has the following defects: when the method is used for grafting and seedling raising of the thin-peel seed watermelon, the grafting survival rate is low, the disease damage is serious, and the seedling revival and transplanting conditions are not ideal.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problems in the prior art, the invention provides a method for grafting and seedling raising of thin-skinned seed watermelons, which achieves the purposes of improving the grafting survival rate, relieving damping-off diseases, enabling the watermelon seedlings to be more robust, fast in seedling revival and high in transplanting survival rate. In order to solve the technical problems, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a method for grafting and seedling raising of thin-skinned seed watermelons comprises the following steps:
step 1, preparing a seedling substrate
The seedling culture substrate comprises the following raw material components in parts by weight:
40-50 parts of dandelion root, 20-25 parts of coconut fiber, 10-15 parts of mushroom residue, 5-8 parts of cottonseed cake powder, 15-19 parts of river sand, 10-14 parts of medical stone powder, 3-5 parts of mushroom polysaccharide, 3-5 parts of enteromorpha polysaccharide, 2-4 parts of expanded perlite micropowder, 1-1.8 parts of microbial agent and 4-7 parts of locust bean gum.
The micro-scaleBiological agent: the microbial inoculum contains 2 × 10 Paecilomyces lilacinus7cfu/g, Lactobacillus acidophilus 1X 108cfu/g, Trichoderma harzianum 7X 107cfu/g。
The raw material components are mixed and fermented in a fermentation tank for 7 days to obtain the seedling substrate. And filling the seedling culture substrate in the plug tray, planting the pumpkin seeds in the substrate, and taking the pumpkin seedlings as rootstocks after the pumpkin seeds grow.
Step 2, selecting the rootstock
Selecting a pumpkin seedling with complete and flat cotyledon leaves, two leaves and one heart and 14-16cm high as a stock seedling.
Step 3, scion selection
Selecting a watermelon seedling with complete and initially-expanded cotyledon leaves, no exposed first true leaf and 5-6cm high seedling as a scion seedling;
step 4, stock preparation
Firstly, cutting off growing points and side buds of the stock by using a blade, and then obliquely inserting a bamboo stick from a core part by 45 degrees to form an oblique wedge-shaped hole, wherein the depth is 6-7mm, so that the epidermis of a hypocotyl is not penetrated, and the bamboo stick is invisible; the bamboo sticks are not required to be pulled out after being inserted into the rootstocks.
Step 5, scion cutting
The blade is obliquely cut and cut off the stem at an angle of about 60 degrees upwards at a position 0.8-1cm below the bottom of the cotyledon at one side of the scion, and the length of the cut surface is about 6-7 mm;
step 6, scion and stock jointing
And pulling out the bamboo stick, inserting the scion cutting face downwards into the hole, and obliquely leaning against one side of the cotyledon of the stock to ensure that the standing wood is tightly combined with the scion cutting face. And spraying healing powder on the joint part to complete the scion and anvil jointing.
The healing powder is prepared from pearl powder, ammonium dipropionate, nicotinic acid and vitamin C according to the weight ratio of 5: 2: 1: 0.1 by mass ratio.
Step 7, management after grafting
No water is applied on the day after grafting. And shading with black plastic film.
And sprinkling water once a day from the next day to the 7 th day, wherein the sprinkling time is between nine o 'clock and ten o' clock in the morning, the sprinkling water is preferably slightly wetting the substrate, a large amount of sprinkling water is not needed, and the direct sprinkling water on the anvil and ear joint part is avoided as much as possible during sprinkling water. The environmental temperature is controlled at 26-27 deg.C, and the humidity is 80-90%.
Watering is carried out twice a day from the 8 th day of grafting, and watering is carried out once in the morning and afternoon respectively, and the substrate is preferably slightly moistened each time.
Step 8, hardening seedlings
When the melon seedlings grow to three-leaf one-heart seedlings, hardening the seedlings until the melon seedlings grow to four-leaf one-heart seedlings, ventilating for 8-10 hours every day during hardening the seedlings, keeping the air in the seedling room smooth, controlling the temperature to be 21-22 ℃ and the humidity to be 55-60%; cutting off roots every seven days during seedling hardening, sprinkling water every five days for eight to nine o' clock in the morning, and thoroughly watering the matrix. And (3) root breaking: the hole disk is replaced, so that the root system of the melon seedlings growing into the soil through the round hole at the bottom of the hole disk is cut off.
Transplanting after the seedlings grow to four leaves and one heart.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. by adopting the grafting seedling method, the success rate of grafting the watermelon seedlings reaches more than 99 percent.
2. By adopting the seedling raising method, the morbidity of the watermelon seedling damping-off is reduced to below 0.2 percent.
3. The watermelon seedlings cultivated by the seedling cultivation method are more robust, the seedling reviving is fast, and the transplanting survival rate is high.
Detailed Description
The invention is further illustrated below with reference to specific examples.
Embodiment 1 a method for raising seedlings of thin-skinned seeded watermelons by grafting, comprising the following steps:
step 1, preparing a seedling substrate
The seedling culture substrate comprises the following raw material components in parts by weight:
40 parts of dandelion root, 20 parts of coconut fiber, 10 parts of mushroom residue, 5 parts of cottonseed cake powder, 15 parts of river sand, 10 parts of medical stone powder, 3 parts of mushroom polysaccharide, 3 parts of enteromorpha polysaccharide, 2 parts of expanded perlite micropowder, 1 part of microbial agent and 5 parts of locust bean gum.
The microbial agent comprises the following components: the microbial inoculum contains 2 × 10 Paecilomyces lilacinus7cfu/g, acidophilicLactobacillus 1X 108cfu/g, Trichoderma harzianum 7X 107cfu/g。
The raw material components are mixed and fermented in a fermentation tank for 7 days to obtain the seedling substrate. And filling the seedling culture substrate in the plug tray, planting the pumpkin seeds in the substrate, and taking the pumpkin seedlings as rootstocks after the pumpkin seeds grow.
Step 2, selecting the rootstock
Selecting a pumpkin seedling with complete and flat cotyledon leaves, two leaves and one heart and 14-16cm high as a stock seedling.
Step 3, scion selection
The scion variety is a thin-skinned and seeded watermelon variety: selecting a watermelon seedling with complete and initially-expanded cotyledon leaves, no exposed first true leaves and 5-6cm high seedling as a scion seedling;
step 4, stock preparation
Firstly, cutting off growing points and side buds of the stock by using a blade, and then obliquely inserting a bamboo stick from a core part by 45 degrees to form an oblique wedge-shaped hole, wherein the depth is 6-7mm, so that the epidermis of a hypocotyl is not penetrated, and the bamboo stick is invisible; the bamboo sticks are not required to be pulled out after being inserted into the rootstocks.
Step 5, scion cutting
The blade is obliquely cut off the stem at an angle of about 60 degrees upwards at a position 0.8-1cm below the bottom of the cotyledon at one side of the scion, and the length of the cut surface is about 6-7 mm.
Step 6, scion and stock jointing
And pulling out the bamboo stick, inserting the scion cutting face downwards into the hole, and obliquely leaning against one side of the cotyledon of the stock to ensure that the standing wood is tightly combined with the scion cutting face. And spraying healing powder on the joint part to complete the scion and anvil jointing.
The healing powder is prepared from pearl powder, ammonium dipropionate, nicotinic acid and vitamin C according to the weight ratio of 5: 2: 1: 0.1 by mass ratio.
Step 7, management after grafting
No water is applied on the day after grafting. And shading with black plastic film.
And sprinkling water once a day from the next day to the 7 th day, wherein the sprinkling time is between nine o 'clock and ten o' clock in the morning, the sprinkling water is preferably slightly wetting the substrate, a large amount of sprinkling water is not needed, and the direct sprinkling water on the anvil and ear joint part is avoided as much as possible during sprinkling water. The environmental temperature is controlled at 26-27 deg.C, and the humidity is 80-83%.
Watering is carried out twice a day from the 8 th day of grafting, and watering is carried out once in the morning and afternoon respectively, and the substrate is preferably slightly moistened each time.
Step 8, hardening seedlings
When the melon seedlings grow to three-leaf one-heart seedlings, hardening the seedlings until the melon seedlings grow to four-leaf one-heart seedlings, ventilating for 8 hours every day during hardening the seedlings, and keeping the air in the seedling room smooth, wherein the temperature is 21-22 ℃, and the humidity is 55-58%; cutting off roots every seven days during seedling hardening, sprinkling water every five days for eight to nine o' clock in the morning, and thoroughly watering the matrix. And (3) root breaking: the hole disk is replaced, so that the root system of the melon seedlings growing into the soil through the round hole at the bottom of the hole disk is cut off. Transplanting after the seedlings grow to four leaves and one heart.
Embodiment 2 a method for raising seedlings of thin-skinned seeded watermelons by grafting, comprising the following steps:
step 1, preparing a seedling substrate
The seedling culture substrate comprises the following raw material components in parts by weight:
45 parts of dandelion root, 22 parts of coconut fiber, 14 parts of mushroom residue, 8 parts of cottonseed cake powder, 19 parts of river sand, 14 parts of medical stone powder, 4 parts of mushroom polysaccharide, 3 parts of enteromorpha polysaccharide, 4 parts of expanded perlite micropowder and 1.5 parts of microbial agent.
The microbial agent comprises the following components: the microbial inoculum contains 2 × 10 Paecilomyces lilacinus7cfu/g, Lactobacillus acidophilus 1X 108cfu/g, Trichoderma harzianum 7X 107cfu/g。
The raw material components are mixed and fermented in a fermentation tank for 7 days to obtain the seedling substrate. And filling the seedling culture substrate in the plug tray, planting the pumpkin seeds in the substrate, and taking the pumpkin seedlings as rootstocks after the pumpkin seeds grow.
Step 2, selecting the rootstock
Same as in example 1.
Step 3, scion selection
Same as in example 1.
Step 4, stock preparation
Same as in example 1.
Step 5, scion cutting
Same as in example 1.
Step 6, scion and stock jointing
And pulling out the bamboo stick, inserting the scion cutting face downwards into the hole, and obliquely leaning against one side of the cotyledon of the stock to ensure that the standing wood is tightly combined with the scion cutting face. And spraying healing powder on the joint part to complete the scion and anvil jointing.
The healing powder is prepared from ammonium dipropionate, nicotinic acid and vitamin C according to the weight ratio of 2: 1: 0.1 by mass ratio.
Step 7, management after grafting
Same as in example 1.
Step 8, hardening seedlings
Same as example 1; but does not cut roots and transplants after growing to four-leaf one-heart seedlings.
Embodiment 3 a method for raising seedlings of thin-skinned seeded watermelons by grafting, comprising the following steps:
step 1, preparing a seedling substrate
The seedling culture substrate comprises the following raw material components in parts by weight:
50 parts of dandelion root, 25 parts of coconut fiber, 13 parts of mushroom residue, 7 parts of cottonseed cake powder, 16 parts of river sand, 12 parts of medical stone powder, 5 parts of mushroom polysaccharide, 5 parts of enteromorpha polysaccharide and 2 parts of expanded perlite micropowder.
The raw material components are mixed and fermented in a fermentation tank for 7 days to obtain the seedling substrate. And filling the seedling culture substrate in the plug tray, planting the pumpkin seeds in the substrate, and taking the pumpkin seedlings as rootstocks after the pumpkin seeds grow.
Step 2, selecting the rootstock
Same as in example 1.
Step 3, scion selection
Same as in example 1.
Step 4, stock preparation
Same as in example 1.
Step 5, scion cutting
Same as in example 1.
Step 6, scion and stock jointing
And pulling out the bamboo stick, inserting the scion cutting face downwards into the hole, and obliquely leaning against one side of the cotyledon of the stock to ensure that the standing wood is tightly combined with the scion cutting face. And spraying healing powder on the joint part to complete the scion and anvil jointing.
The healing powder is prepared from pearl powder and ammonium dipropionate according to the weight ratio of 5: 2, and mixing the components in a mass ratio.
Step 7, management after grafting
No water is applied on the day after grafting. And shading with black plastic film.
And sprinkling water once a day from the next day to the 7 th day, wherein the sprinkling time is between nine o 'clock and ten o' clock in the morning, the sprinkling water is preferably slightly wetting the substrate, a large amount of sprinkling water is not needed, and the direct sprinkling water on the anvil and ear joint part is avoided as much as possible during sprinkling water. The environmental temperature is controlled at 29-30 ℃ and the humidity is controlled at 95-100%.
Watering is carried out twice a day from the 8 th day of grafting, and watering is carried out once in the morning and afternoon respectively, and the substrate is preferably slightly moistened each time.
Step 8, hardening seedlings
Same as in example 1. Transplanting after the seedlings grow to four leaves and one heart.
In the seedling raising process of the embodiment 1-3, the number of the seedling plants of the grafted scion which survives and the number of the seedling plants suffering from damping off after survival are respectively recorded; see table 1 for details;
TABLE 1
| Example 1 | Example 2 | Example 3 | |
| Total number of grafted seedlings | 2000 plants | 2000 plants | 2000 plants |
| Number of scion-surviving seedlings | 1994 strain | 1821 Strain | 1755 Strain |
| Survival rate of grafting | 99.7％ | 91.05％ | 87.75％ |
| Number of damping-off seedlings | 3 plants | 56 strains | 95 strains |
| Prevalence of damping-off | 0.15％ | 3.08％ | 5.41％ |
After the seedlings are raised in the embodiments 1-3, transplanting the grafted melon seedlings to a field with the temperature of 17-18 ℃ and the humidity of 70-74%, and respectively counting the average seedling reviving days and the transplanting survival rate; see table 2 for details;
TABLE 2
| Example 1 | Example 2 | Example 3 | |
| Average number of days to slow seedling | 3 days | 10 days | 6 days |
| Survival rate of transplantation | 99.5％ | 88.7％ | 97.6％ |
As can be seen from tables 1 and 2, the grafting survival rate of the grafting seedling method of example 1 is as high as 99.7%, the morbidity of damping-off is as low as 0.15%, the seedling is quickly restored after transplanting, the number of days for restoring the seedling is short, and the transplanting survival rate is as high as 99.5%. Finally, it should be noted that: although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art will understand that various changes, modifications and substitutions can be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. Any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A method for grafting and seedling raising of thin-skinned seed watermelons is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method comprises the following steps: preparing a seedling substrate, selecting a rootstock, selecting a scion, preparing the rootstock, cutting the scion, jointing the rootstock and the scion, managing after grafting and hardening seedlings; the seedling raising substrate comprises the following raw material components: dandelion root, mushroom residue, medical stone powder, mushroom polysaccharide enteromorpha polysaccharide, expanded perlite micro powder, microbial agent and locust bean gum.
2. The method for grafting and cultivating the seedlings of the thin-skinned seeded watermelons according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: the seedling raising substrate comprises the following raw material components in parts by weight: 40-50 parts of dandelion root, 20-25 parts of coconut fiber, 10-15 parts of mushroom residue, 5-8 parts of cottonseed cake powder, 15-19 parts of river sand, 10-14 parts of medical stone powder, 3-5 parts of mushroom polysaccharide, 3-5 parts of enteromorpha polysaccharide, 2-4 parts of expanded perlite micropowder, 1-1.8 parts of microbial agent and 4-7 parts of locust bean gum.
3. The method for grafting and cultivating the seedlings of the thin-skinned seeded watermelons according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: selecting the rootstock: selecting a pumpkin seedling with complete and flat cotyledon leaves, two leaves and one heart and 14-16cm high as a stock seedling.
4. The method for grafting and cultivating the seedlings of the thin-skinned seeded watermelons according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: selecting the scions: selecting the watermelon seedlings with complete and initially-expanded cotyledon leaves, undistilled first true leaves and 5-6cm high seedlings as scion seedlings.
5. The method for grafting and cultivating the seedlings of the thin-skinned seeded watermelons according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: cutting the scions: the stem is cut off by beveling at an angle of about 60 degrees upwards at a position of 0.8-1cm below the bottom of the cotyledon at one side of the scion, and the length of the cut surface is about 6-7 mm.
6. The method for grafting and cultivating the seedlings of the thin-skinned seeded watermelons according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: the anvil and the ear are jointed: and inserting the cut surface of the scion downwards into the hole of the stock inserted by the bamboo stick, and obliquely leaning against one side of the cotyledon of the stock to ensure that the standing wood is tightly combined with the cut surface of the scion, and spraying healing powder on the joint part to finish the joint of the stock and the scion.
7. The method for grafting and cultivating the seedlings of the thin-skinned seeded watermelons according to claim 6, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the healing powder is prepared from pearl powder, ammonium dipropionate, nicotinic acid and vitamin C according to the weight ratio of 5: 2: 1: 0.1 by mass ratio.
8. The method for grafting and cultivating the seedlings of the thin-skinned seeded watermelons according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: and (3) management after grafting: and sprinkling water once a day from the second day to the 7 th day, wherein the sprinkling time is between nine o 'clock and half ten o' clock in the morning.
9. The method for grafting and cultivating the seedlings of the thin-skinned seeded watermelons according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: hardening seedlings: when the melon seedlings grow to three-leaf one-heart seedlings, hardening the seedlings until the melon seedlings grow to four-leaf one-heart seedlings, ventilating for 8-10 hours every day during hardening the seedlings, keeping the air in the seedling room smooth, and keeping the temperature at 21-22 ℃ and the humidity at 55-60%.
10. The method for grafting and cultivating the seedlings of the thin-skinned seeded watermelons according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: hardening seedlings: cutting off roots every seven days, and sprinkling water every five days.
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN114982492A (en) * | 2022-06-16 | 2022-09-02 | 兰考坤禾农业开发有限公司 | Rapid grafting seedling raising method for small honeydew melons |
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| CN105875206A (en) * | 2016-04-13 | 2016-08-24 | 无锡市黄土塘西瓜专业合作社 | Watermelon grafted seedling-raising method |
| CN108293677A (en) * | 2016-08-30 | 2018-07-20 | 钟宇民 | Watermelon seedling culturing method |
| CN108323338A (en) * | 2018-03-06 | 2018-07-27 | 张贻祥 | A kind of Grafting watermelon breeding method |
| CN108675863A (en) * | 2018-06-25 | 2018-10-19 | 潍坊华潍新材料科技有限公司 | A kind of soil conditioner and preparation method thereof of prevention soil hardening absorption heavy metal |
| CN108865156A (en) * | 2018-06-12 | 2018-11-23 | 枞阳县共义生态农业科技有限公司 | A kind of wine-growing soil conditioner and preparation method thereof |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN105875206A (en) * | 2016-04-13 | 2016-08-24 | 无锡市黄土塘西瓜专业合作社 | Watermelon grafted seedling-raising method |
| CN108293677A (en) * | 2016-08-30 | 2018-07-20 | 钟宇民 | Watermelon seedling culturing method |
| CN108323338A (en) * | 2018-03-06 | 2018-07-27 | 张贻祥 | A kind of Grafting watermelon breeding method |
| CN108865156A (en) * | 2018-06-12 | 2018-11-23 | 枞阳县共义生态农业科技有限公司 | A kind of wine-growing soil conditioner and preparation method thereof |
| CN108675863A (en) * | 2018-06-25 | 2018-10-19 | 潍坊华潍新材料科技有限公司 | A kind of soil conditioner and preparation method thereof of prevention soil hardening absorption heavy metal |
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| CN114982492A (en) * | 2022-06-16 | 2022-09-02 | 兰考坤禾农业开发有限公司 | Rapid grafting seedling raising method for small honeydew melons |
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