CN110810242A - Rapid propagation method of garlic fruits - Google Patents
Rapid propagation method of garlic fruits Download PDFInfo
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- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01H—NEW PLANTS OR NON-TRANSGENIC PROCESSES FOR OBTAINING THEM; PLANT REPRODUCTION BY TISSUE CULTURE TECHNIQUES
- A01H4/00—Plant reproduction by tissue culture techniques ; Tissue culture techniques therefor
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/10—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing inorganic material
- A01G24/12—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing inorganic material containing soil minerals
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01H—NEW PLANTS OR NON-TRANSGENIC PROCESSES FOR OBTAINING THEM; PLANT REPRODUCTION BY TISSUE CULTURE TECHNIQUES
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Abstract
The invention discloses a rapid propagation method of garlic fruits, which comprises the following steps: (1) collecting explants; (2) explant disinfection and axillary bud induction (3) proliferation culture; (4) rooting culture; (5) hardening and transplanting the seedlings. The invention has the beneficial effects that: has the characteristics of quick adventitious bud induction, high multiplication rate, quick bud stout growth, high rooting rate, developed and robust root system of rooted seedlings, transplanting survival rate and the like, and can be used for large-scale production culture.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of seed propagation, and particularly relates to a rapid propagation method of garlic cloves.
Background
The allium sativum fruit (Malania oleifera Chun et al K.Lee), also called Mallotus apelta, Malachitum, Hericium erinaceus, evergreen arbor, belongs to the family of Dracocephalum arborescens, the genus Allium, is a national second-level protection rare plant, and is a unique single-species plant in China. The distribution of the garlic cloves is extremely narrow, and the garlic cloves are only naturally distributed in narrow areas in the southeast part of Yunnan and the west part of Guangxi. The inherent biological characteristics of the garlic cloves are not beneficial to the development of the species group of the garlic cloves, the feeding and the damage of animals to the garlic cloves greatly reduce the number of the seeds which are limited originally, the damage of human activities not only directly reduces the garlic clove resources, but also damages the suitable living environment of the garlic cloves, thereby being not beneficial to the growth and the natural updating of the garlic cloves and leading the garlic cloves to be in endangered places.
The endosperm of the kernel of the garlic fruit is rich in oil, wherein the 15-tetracosenic acid is called nervonic acid (nervonic acid), which is an essential nutrient for brain development and maintenance, and has important functions of improving the activity of cranial nerves and preventing cranial neurasthenia. Nervonic acid has attracted the wide attention of experts at home and abroad, and becomes a popular product developed at present. Meanwhile, the garlic fruits are excellent mountain greening tree species. With the emphasis of the nation on western large development and ecological environment construction in recent years, the garlic cloves with economic and ecological benefits are subjected to tissue culture research, a large number of excellent seedlings with consistent genotypes can be obtained through rapid propagation, the requirement of artificial cultivation is met, the afforestation tree species in rocky mountain areas are enriched, and the method has important significance for poverty deprivation and enrichment of vast rocky mountain areas and ecological environment protection.
Regarding the propagation technology of the garlic cloves, the seed direct seeding technology is mainly adopted at present, the operation is simple, but the problem of garlic cloves seed germination is only partially solved. Or the garlic seed is prevented from mildewing and rotting by isolating and preventing fungi from invading and damaging the garlic seeds, thereby improving the germination rate of the garlic seeds.
The seeds of the garlic bulbs are easy to mildew and rot, the natural maintenance of the garlic bulb population is difficult, and a large amount of high-quality seedlings are needed for the development of artificial cultivation. Therefore, how to effectively construct a breeding technology of excellent single-plant garlic cloves becomes a difficult problem to be solved urgently.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a rapid propagation method of garlic cloves.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows: a rapid propagation method of garlic cloves comprises the following steps:
(1) collecting explants; cutting branches with garlic fruits, and cleaning for later use;
(2) sterilizing explants and inducing axillary buds; inoculating the sterilized explant to an induced differentiation culture medium for cultivation to obtain axillary buds; the culture medium for inducing differentiation comprises: MD culture medium + 0.2-2.0 mg/L6-BA + + 0.2-2.0 mg/L KT + 0.02-0.2 mg/L NAA + 25-40 g/L sucrose +6g/L agar powder, and the pH value is 5.4-5.6;
(3) carrying out proliferation culture; cutting the axillary buds, and transferring the axillary buds to a proliferation culture medium for culturing to obtain a proliferation seedling; the proliferation culture medium comprises: MD culture medium, 0.5-1.5 mg/L6-BA, 0.5-1.5 mg/L KT, 0.05-0.15 mg/L NAA, 25-40 g/L cane sugar and 6g/L agar powder, wherein the pH value is 5.4-5.6;
(4) rooting culture; transferring the cut buds in the proliferated seedlings to a rooting culture medium for culture to obtain tissue-cultured rooted seedlings; the rooting culture medium comprises: MD culture medium, 0.1-0.5 mg/LNAA, 0.1-0.5 mg/LIBA, 15-25 g/L sucrose and 6g/L agar powder, and the pH value is 5.8-6.0;
(5) hardening and transplanting the seedlings.
Preferably, the explant collection in the step (1) is to select a dry type perfect plant which is straight and round, has high growth speed and no diseases and insect pests as a female parent, the tree age is more than 15 years, and in the morning of fine days in 10 months, fruit-bearing branches are cut and taken back and then cleaned by purified water for later use.
Preferably, the disinfection in the step (2) is to take out the seeds, remove the testa, clean the seeds with sterile water, soak the seeds with alcohol and mercuric chloride solution for disinfection in sequence, and wash the seeds with sterile water for later use.
Preferably, the explant sterilized in the step (2) is freshly inoculated into an MD medium, and a new bud is germinated and then cut off and inoculated into the differentiation induction medium for culture.
Preferably, the differentiation induction medium in the step (2) is: MD culture medium +0.5mg/L6-BA +0.5mg/L KT +0.05mg/L NAA + sucrose 30g/L + agar powder 6g/L, pH is 5.4-5.6; the culture conditions of the induced differentiation culture are as follows: the temperature is 24 +/-2 ℃ and the illumination is 60 mu mol.m-2.s-1Culturing, and illuminating for 12 h/d; the time for inducing differentiation culture is as follows: for 30 days.
Preferably, the proliferation medium in step (3) is: MD culture medium +6-BA1.0mg/L + KT1.0mg/L + NAA0.05mg/L + sucrose 30g/L + agar powder 6g/L, and the pH value is 5.4 to 5.6; the conditions of the proliferation culture are as follows: the temperature is 25 +/-2 ℃ and the illumination is 60 mu mol.m-2.s-1Culturing, and illuminating for 12 h/d.
Preferably, the rooting medium in the step (4) is: MD culture medium, NAA 0.5mg/L, IBA0.5mg/L, sucrose 20g/L and agar powder 6g/L, and the pH value is 5.8-6.0; the rooting culture conditions are as follows: the temperature is 24 +/-2 ℃ and the illumination is 60 mu mol.m-2.s-1Culturing, and illuminating for 12 h/d.
Preferably, the seedling exercising in the step (5) is to move the tissue culture rooted seedlings to a greenhouse to adapt to the external environment for 10-15 days; and (5) transplanting, namely, cleaning the container seedlings after hardening off, sticking the container seedlings on a culture medium on roots, transplanting the container seedlings into a mixed matrix, moisturizing by using a covering film in the first 30 days after transplanting, and then tearing off the film for daily management.
Preferably, the mixed matrix is formed by mixing peat soil and perlite, and the mass ratio of the peat soil to the perlite is 2-4: 1.
The MD medium in the present invention is, if not specifically indicated:
the MD medium contains the following components: 700mg/L NH4NO3+350mg/L KNO3+600mg/L Ca(NO3)2·2H2O+170mg/LMgSO4·7H2O+85mg/L KH2PO4+65mg/L KCl+22.3mg/L MnSO4·4H2O+8.6mg/LZnSO4·7H2O+6.2mg/L H3BO3+0.83mg/L KI+0.25mg/LNa2MoO4·2H2O+0.25mg/LCuSO4·5H2O+0.025mg/LCoCl2+27.8mg/LFeSO4·7H2O+37.3mg/LNa2·EDTA·H2O +100mg/L inositol +2.0mg/L glycine +1.0mg/L thiamine hydrochloride +0.2mg/L nicotinic acid +0.2mg/L pyridoxine hydrochloride, pH 5.8.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
aiming at the technical problems of difficult establishment of tissue culture sterility, slow bud elongation, poor quality, low multiplication rate, low rooting rate, unstable technology and the like of the propagation culture of the garlic fruits in the prior seedling raising technology, the MD basic culture medium is adopted for culture according to the physiological state of adult garlic big trees and the nutritional requirements of in-vitro culture. The axillary buds of the explant have high speed; the inductivity is high and reaches 100 percent; the multiplication coefficient is large and reaches more than 4.2, the multiplication bud grows quickly, and the bud is cultured for 30 days to reach 5-6 cm; the rooting rate can reach 90 percent, and the average number of roots is 3.4 roots per plant; the tissue culture rooted seedlings are robust and the transplanting survival rate is high. The invention has the characteristics of fast adventitious bud induction, high multiplication rate, fast bud stout growth, high rooting rate, developed and robust root system of rooted seedlings, transplanting survival rate and the like, and can be used for large-scale production culture.
Drawings
FIG. 1 shows a deheded seed of example 1;
FIG. 2 is a graph showing germination induction results of the Eugenia japonica sterile material of example 1;
FIG. 3 is a graph showing the result of the clumping induced by axillary buds in example 1;
FIG. 4 is a plot of the rooted shoot rooted in the rooting medium of example 1;
FIG. 5 is a growth diagram of the transplanted seedling of example 1;
FIG. 6 is a graph showing the growth of the seedlings planted in example 1.
Detailed Description
In order to make the production process and technical effects of the present invention known in detail to those skilled in the art, the following is a specific production example to further describe the application and technical effects of the present invention.
Example 1
A rapid propagation method of garlic cloves comprises the following steps:
(1) explant collection: selecting a dry type perfect single plant which is straight and round, has high growth speed and no disease or insect pest as a female parent, taking a superior tree with the age of more than 15 years, shearing a branch with a fruit in the morning of a fine day in 10 months, taking the branch back, cleaning the branch with purified water, and keeping the moisture at a low temperature for later use;
(2) explant sterilization and axillary bud induction: taking out the seeds from the fruits on a clean bench, removing the testa (figure 1), washing with sterile water, soaking in 75% alcohol solution for 45s, and rinsing with sterile waterWashing for 2 times, adding 0.01% 1L mercuric solution, soaking for 10min while shaking, pouring out mercuric solution, washing with sterile water for 5 times, washing with sterile water, sucking surface water of sterile material with sterile filter paper, cutting stem into 2cm axillae, inoculating to MD culture medium, germinating after 30 days, cutting off sprout, inoculating to differentiation inducing culture medium (MD culture medium +0.5mg/L6-BA +0.5mg/L KT +0.05mg/L NAA + sucrose 30g/L + agar powder 6g/L, pH 5.4-5.6 (hormone purchased from Sigma-Aldrich company), placing into culture chamber, culturing at 24 + -2 deg.C and 60 μmol · m-2.s-1Culturing, and illuminating for 12 h/d; performing induction culture for 30d, cutting off a new bud with the length of more than 2cm, and transferring the cut new bud to a multiplication culture medium for culture; culturing for 30 days, differentiating axillary buds to form a new bud cluster, cutting young branches with the bud height of not less than 3cm into stem sections with the length of 1.0-1.5 cm, and transferring the stem sections into an enrichment medium for culturing; inoculating one explant to each bottle, enabling one seed to sprout one bud after one month (figure 2), continuously culturing the explant to form a bud cluster, wherein each cluster is provided with 4-6 buds, the bud seedling is strong and emerald green (figure 3), and the induction rate is 100%;
(3) and (3) proliferation culture: cutting the axillary buds induced in the step (2) into stem segments of 1.0-2.0 cm, inoculating the stem segments to a proliferation culture medium (MD culture medium +6-BA1.0mg/L + KT1.0mg/L + NAA0.05mg/L + sucrose 30g/L + agar powder 6g/L, pH 5.8-6.0) for culturing, controlling the temperature at 25 +/-2 ℃, and illuminating (60 mu mol. m.-2.s-1) The time is 12 h/d; after 4 weeks, the single bud forms a bud cluster, the bud grows fast, and the multiplication coefficient is as high as 4.3 (figure 4); the number of the effective buds (the height of the buds is more than or equal to 2cm) can reach 3.3 per bunch, and the height of the buds can reach 5-6 cm.
(4) Rooting culture: cutting 2.0cm buds from the proliferated seedlings obtained in the step (3), transferring the buds to a rooting culture medium (MD culture medium + NAA 0.5mg/L + IBA0.5mg/L + sucrose 20g/L + agar powder 6g/L, pH 5.8-6.0) for culture, controlling the temperature at 24 +/-2 ℃, and illuminating (60 mu mol. m)-2.s-1) After the time is 12h/d and 15d, the inductivity of the adventitious roots is 100%, the rooted seedlings are robust and are as high as 4-5 cm, the callus of the base parts is few, and the average number of the roots can reach 3.4 per plant.
(5) Hardening and transplanting seedlings: and (5) moving the tissue culture rooted seedlings in the step (4) to a greenhouse for hardening and transplanting to obtain container seedlings. Moving the rooting bottle seedlings subjected to rooting culture for 30d to a greenhouse to adapt to the external environment for 10-15 d, carefully taking out the tissue culture seedlings, cleaning the culture medium adhered to the roots, and transplanting the tissue culture seedlings to peat soil: perlite is 3: 1, on a mixed matrix, covering a film for moisturizing before 30 days after transplanting, and then uncovering the film for conventional seedling management, wherein the transplanting survival rate is higher than 90%; the transplanted seedlings grow well after one month, the new leaves are tender green and bright (figure 5), and the seedlings can be planted after about one year (figure 6).
Example 2
A rapid propagation method of garlic cloves comprises the following steps:
(1) explant collection: selecting a dry type perfect single plant which is straight and round, has high growth speed and no disease or insect pest as a female parent, taking a superior tree with the age of more than 15 years, shearing a branch with a fruit in the morning of a fine day in 10 months, taking the branch back, cleaning the branch with purified water, and keeping the moisture at a low temperature for later use;
(2) explant sterilization and axillary bud induction: taking out seeds in fruits on a clean bench, cutting off episperm, cleaning with sterile water, soaking with 75% alcohol solution for 30s, pouring off the alcohol solution, washing with sterile water for 1 time, adding 0.05% mercuric chloride solution, soaking for 8min, shaking, pouring off the mercuric chloride solution, washing with sterile water for 5 times, washing with sterile water, sucking water from the surface of the sterile material with sterile filter paper, cutting stem into 2cm leaves, cutting, inoculating to MD medium, germinating after 30d, cutting, inoculating to differentiation medium (MD medium +0.2mg/L6-BA +0.2mg/LKT +0.02mg/LNAA + sucrose 25g/L + agar powder 6g/L, pH 5.4-5.6 (hormone from Aldrich), placing in culture room, and culturing at 24 + -2 deg.C, 60 μmol. m-2.s-1Culturing, and illuminating for 12 h/d; performing induction culture for 30d, cutting off a new bud with the length of more than 2cm, and transferring the cut new bud to a multiplication culture medium for culture; culturing for 30 days, differentiating axillary buds to form a new bud cluster, cutting young branches with the bud height of not less than 3cm into stem sections with the length of 1.0-1.5 cm, and transferring the stem sections into an enrichment medium for culturing; inoculating one explant into each bottle, enabling one seed to sprout one bud after one month, continuously culturing the explant to form a bud cluster, wherein each cluster is provided with 4-6 buds, the bud seedlings are strong and emerald green, and the induction rate is 100%;
(3) And (3) proliferation culture: cutting the axillary buds induced in the step (2) into stem segments of 1.0-2.0 cm, inoculating the stem segments to a proliferation culture medium (MD culture medium +6-BA 0.5mg/L + KT0.5mg/L + NAA 0.15mg/L + sucrose 25g/L + agar powder 6g/L, pH is 5.4-5.6), culturing, controlling the temperature at 25 +/-2 ℃, and illuminating (60 mu mol. m.-2.s-1) The time is 12 h/d; after 4 weeks, the single bud forms a bud cluster, the bud grows quickly, and the multiplication coefficient is as high as 4.3; the number of the effective buds (the height of the buds is more than or equal to 2cm) can reach 3.3 per bunch, and the height of the buds can reach 5-6 cm.
(4) Rooting culture: cutting 2.0cm buds from the proliferated seedlings obtained in the step (3), transferring the buds to a rooting culture medium (MD culture medium + NAA 0.1mg/L + IBA 0.1mg/L + sucrose 15g/L + agar powder 6g/L, pH 5.8-6.0) for culture, controlling the temperature at 24 +/-2 ℃, and illuminating (60 mu mol. m)-2.s-1) After the time is 12h/d and 15d, the inductivity of the adventitious roots is 100%, the rooted seedlings are robust and are as high as 4-5 cm, the callus of the base parts is few, and the average number of the roots can reach 3.4 per plant.
(5) Hardening and transplanting seedlings: and (5) moving the tissue culture rooted seedlings in the step (4) to a greenhouse for hardening and transplanting to obtain container seedlings. Moving the rooting bottle seedlings subjected to rooting culture for 30d to a greenhouse to adapt to the external environment for 10-15 d, carefully taking out the tissue culture seedlings, cleaning the culture medium adhered to the roots, and transplanting the tissue culture seedlings to peat soil: perlite is 2: 1, on a mixed matrix, covering a film for moisturizing before 30 days after transplanting, and then uncovering the film for conventional seedling management, wherein the transplanting survival rate is higher than 90%; the transplanted seedlings grow well after one month, and the new leaves are bright green and can be planted after about one year.
Example 3
A rapid propagation method of garlic cloves comprises the following steps:
(1) explant collection: selecting a dry type perfect single plant which is straight and round, has high growth speed and no disease or insect pest as a female parent, taking a superior tree with the age of more than 15 years, shearing a branch with a fruit in the morning of a fine day in 10 months, taking the branch back, cleaning the branch with purified water, and keeping the moisture at a low temperature for later use;
(2) explant sterilization and axillary bud induction: taking out the seeds in the fruits on a clean bench, peeling off the testa, washing with sterile water, soaking in 75% alcohol solution for 60s, and pouringWashing with sterile water for 2 times after removing alcohol solution, adding 1 ‰ mercuric chloride solution, soaking for 12min while shaking, pouring out mercuric chloride solution, washing with sterile water for 6 times, washing with sterile water, sucking surface water of sterile material with sterile filter paper, cutting stem into 2cm axillary with leaves, inoculating to MD culture medium, germinating after 30 days, cutting off sprout, inoculating to differentiation inducing culture medium (MD culture medium +2.0mg/L6-BA +2.0mg/LKT +0.2mg/LNAA + sucrose 40g/L + agar powder 6g/L, pH 5.4-5.6 (hormone is purchased from Sigma-Aldrich company), placing into culture room, culturing at 24 + -2 deg.C and 60 μmol.m-2.s-1Culturing, and illuminating for 12 h/d; performing induction culture for 30d, cutting off a new bud with the length of more than 2cm, and transferring the cut new bud to a multiplication culture medium for culture; culturing for 30 days, differentiating axillary buds to form a new bud cluster, cutting young branches with the bud height of not less than 3cm into stem sections with the length of 1.0-1.5 cm, and transferring the stem sections into an enrichment medium for culturing; inoculating one explant into each bottle, enabling one seed to sprout one bud after one month, continuously culturing the explant to form a bud cluster, wherein each cluster is provided with 4-6 buds, the bud seedlings are strong and emerald green, and the induction rate is 100%;
(3) and (3) proliferation culture: cutting the axillary buds induced in the step (2) into stem segments of 1.0-2.0 cm, inoculating the stem segments to a proliferation culture medium (MD culture medium +6-BA 1.5mg/L + KT1.5mg/L + NAA 0.1mg/L + sucrose 40g/L + agar powder 6g/L, pH is 5.4-5.6), culturing, controlling the temperature at 25 +/-2 ℃, and illuminating (60 mu mol. m.-2.s-1) The time is 12 h/d; after 4 weeks, the single bud forms a bud cluster, the bud grows quickly, and the multiplication coefficient is as high as 4.3; the number of the effective buds (the height of the buds is more than or equal to 2cm) can reach 3.3 per bunch, and the height of the buds can reach 5-6 cm.
(4) Rooting culture: cutting 2.0cm buds from the proliferated seedlings obtained in the step (3), transferring the buds to a rooting culture medium (MD culture medium + NAA0.25mg/L + IBA 0.25mg/L + sucrose 25g/L + agar powder 6g/L, pH 5.8-6.0) for culture, controlling the temperature at 24 +/-2 ℃, and illuminating (60 mu mol. m)-2.s-1) After the time is 12h/d and 15d, the inductivity of the adventitious roots is 100%, the rooted seedlings are robust and are as high as 4-5 cm, the callus of the base parts is few, and the average number of the roots can reach 3.4 per plant.
(5) Hardening and transplanting seedlings: and (5) moving the tissue culture rooted seedlings in the step (4) to a greenhouse for hardening and transplanting to obtain container seedlings. Moving the rooting bottle seedlings subjected to rooting culture for 30d to a greenhouse to adapt to the external environment for 15d, carefully taking out the tissue culture seedlings, cleaning the culture medium adhered to the roots, and transplanting the tissue culture seedlings to peat soil: perlite 4:1, on a mixed matrix, covering a film for moisturizing before 30 days after transplanting, and then uncovering the film for conventional seedling management, wherein the transplanting survival rate is higher than 90%; the transplanted seedlings grow well after one month, and the new leaves are bright green and can be planted after about one year.
In the above examples, the MD medium, if not specified, is:
the MD medium contains the following components: 700mg/L NH4NO3+350mg/L KNO3+600mg/L Ca(NO3)2·2H2O+170mg/LMgSO4·7H2O+85mg/L KH2PO4+65mg/L KCl+22.3mg/L MnSO4·4H2O+8.6mg/LZnSO4·7H2O+6.2mg/L H3BO3+0.83mg/L KI+0.25mg/LNa2MoO4·2H2O+0.25mg/LCuSO4·5H2O+0.025mg/LCoCl2+27.8mg/LFeSO4·7H2O+37.3mg/LNa2·EDTA·H2O +100mg/L inositol +2.0mg/L glycine +1.0mg/L thiamine hydrochloride +0.2mg/L nicotinic acid +0.2mg/L pyridoxine hydrochloride, pH 5.8, and sterilized at 121 ℃ for 20 minutes.
By using the method of the embodiment, the germination speed of the new bud of the explant is high; the inductivity is high and reaches 100 percent; the multiplication coefficient is large and reaches more than 4.3, the multiplication bud grows quickly, and the bud is cultured for 30 days to reach 5-6 cm; the rooting rate is 90 percent, and the average root number is 3.4 roots per plant; the tissue culture rooted seedlings are robust and the transplanting survival rate is high.
Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used for illustrating and not limiting the technical solutions of the present invention, and although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the above embodiments, it should be understood by those skilled in the art that modifications or equivalent substitutions can be made to the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, and all modifications or partial substitutions should be covered by the scope of the claims of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A rapid propagation method of garlic cloves is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) collecting explants; cutting branches with garlic fruits, and cleaning for later use;
(2) sterilizing explants and inducing axillary buds; inoculating the sterilized explant to an induced differentiation culture medium for cultivation to obtain axillary buds; the culture medium for inducing differentiation comprises: MD culture medium + 0.2-2.0 mg/L6-BA + + 0.2-2.0 mg/L KT + 0.02-0.2 mg/L NAA + 25-40 g/L sucrose +6g/L agar powder, and the pH value is 5.4-5.6;
(3) carrying out proliferation culture; cutting the axillary buds, and transferring the axillary buds to a proliferation culture medium for culturing to obtain a proliferation seedling; the proliferation culture medium comprises: MD culture medium, 0.5-1.5 mg/L6-BA, 0.5-1.5 mg/L KT, 0.05-0.15 mg/L NAA, 25-40 g/L cane sugar and 6g/L agar powder, wherein the pH value is 5.4-5.6;
(4) rooting culture; transferring the cut buds in the proliferated seedlings to a rooting culture medium for culture to obtain tissue-cultured rooted seedlings; the rooting culture medium comprises: MD culture medium, 0.1-0.5 mg/LNAA, 0.1-0.5 mg/L IBA, 15-25 g/L cane sugar and 6g/L agar powder, and the pH value is 5.8-6.0;
(5) hardening and transplanting the seedlings.
2. The method for rapidly propagating the garlic fruits according to claim 1, wherein the explant in the step (1) is collected by selecting a dry type perfect plant which is straight and round, has a high growth speed and is free from diseases and insect pests as a female parent, taking the plant as a tree, wherein the plant is more than 15 years old, and in the morning of 10 months on a sunny day, cutting branches with fruits, taking the branches back, and cleaning the branches with purified water for later use.
3. The method for rapidly propagating allium sativum fruits according to claim 1, wherein the disinfection in the step (2) is to take out the seeds, remove the testa, clean the seeds with sterile water, soak the seeds with alcohol and mercuric chloride solution for disinfection in sequence, and wash the seeds with sterile water for later use.
4. The method for rapidly propagating allium sativum fruits according to claim 1, wherein the explant sterilized in the step (2) is freshly inoculated into an MD medium, and a new bud is germinated and cut off and inoculated into the differentiation-inducing medium for culture.
5. The method for rapidly propagating allium sativum fruits according to claim 1, wherein the differentiation-inducing medium in the step (2) is: MD culture medium +0.5mg/L6-BA +0.5mg/L KT +0.05mg/L NAA + sucrose 30g/L + agar powder 6g/L, pH is 5.4-5.6; the culture conditions of the induced differentiation culture are as follows: the temperature is 24 +/-2 ℃ and the illumination is 60 mu mol.m-2.s-1Culturing, and illuminating for 12 h/d; the time for inducing differentiation culture is as follows: for 30 days.
6. The method for rapidly propagating allium sativum fruits according to claim 1, wherein the propagation medium in the step (3) is: MD culture medium +6-BA1.0mg/L + KT1.0mg/L + NAA0.05mg/L + sucrose 30g/L + agar powder 6g/L, and the pH value is 5.4-5.6; the conditions of the proliferation culture are as follows: the temperature is 25 +/-2 ℃ and the illumination is 60 mu mol.m-2.s-1Culturing, and illuminating for 12 h/d.
7. The method for rapidly propagating allium sativum fruits according to claim 1, wherein the rooting medium in the step (4) is: MD culture medium, NAA 0.5mg/L, IBA0.5mg/L, sucrose 20g/L and agar powder 6g/L, and the pH value is 5.8-6.0; the rooting culture conditions are as follows: the temperature is 24 +/-2 ℃ and the illumination is 60 mu mol.m-2.s-1Culturing, and illuminating for 12 h/d.
8. The method for rapidly propagating the garlic cloves according to claim 1, wherein the hardening off in the step (5) is to move the tissue culture rooted shoots to a greenhouse to adapt to the external environment for 10-15 days; and (5) transplanting, namely, cleaning the container seedlings after hardening off, sticking the container seedlings on a culture medium on roots, transplanting the container seedlings into a mixed matrix, moisturizing by using a covering film in the first 30 days after transplanting, and then tearing off the film for daily management.
9. The method for rapidly propagating the garlic cloves according to claim 8, wherein the mixed matrix is formed by mixing peat soil and perlite, and the mass ratio of the peat soil to the perlite is 2-4: 1.
10. The method for rapidly propagating allium sativum fruits according to claim 1, wherein the MD medium contains the following components: 700mg/L NH4NO3+350mg/L KNO3+600mg/L Ca(NO3)2·2H2O+170mg/LMgSO4·7H2O+85mg/L KH2PO4+65mg/L KCl+22.3mg/L MnSO4·4H2O+8.6mg/LZnSO4·7H2O+6.2mg/LH3BO3+0.83mg/L KI+0.25mg/LNa2MoO4·2H2O+0.25mg/LCuSO4·5H2O+0.025mg/LCoCl2+27.8mg/LFeSO4·7H2O+37.3mg/LNa2·EDTA·H2O +100mg/L inositol +2.0mg/L glycine +1.0mg/L thiamine hydrochloride +0.2mg/L nicotinic acid +0.2mg/L pyridoxine hydrochloride, pH 5.8.
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