CN104012310A - Method for grafting and raising a seedling of melon - Google Patents
Method for grafting and raising a seedling of melon Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN104012310A CN104012310A CN201410293296.0A CN201410293296A CN104012310A CN 104012310 A CN104012310 A CN 104012310A CN 201410293296 A CN201410293296 A CN 201410293296A CN 104012310 A CN104012310 A CN 104012310A
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- grafting
- muskmelon
- seedling
- stock
- management
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
Abstract
The invention discloses a method for grafting and raising a seedling of a melon, and relates to the technical field of melon cultivation. The method comprises the steps of (1) selecting a suitable stock variety and a suitable scion melon variety; (2) grafting by adopting a double-root-cut-grafting method when the first main leaf of a stock seedling appears till the first main leaf just spreads, and the cotyledon of the scion seedling begins to turn green till the cotyledon spreads, then carrying out cuttage in a float breeding disc filled with a matrix; (3) floating the grafted seedlings in a seedbed with clear water, carrying out management of healing and root growing; and (4) injecting a nutrient solution into the seedbed after the grafted seedling survives, and floating the grafted seedling in the nutrient solution for survival post-treatment. The grafted seedling cultivated by adopting the method is strong and regular, has an extensive root system and the strong capacity in absorbing water and fertilizers, is fast in rejuvenation after being planted, grows strongly and is difficult to wane early.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to muskmelon culture technique field, be specifically related to a kind of muskmelon grafting seedlings-growing method.
Background technology
Muskmelon is important melon economic crops, its cultivation good in economic efficiency, and particularly the economic benefit of facility cultivation is considerable, in a lot of regional muskmelons cultivations, has become an important channel that increases peasant economy income.China is that muskmelon is produced and consumption big country, and according to the World Food Programme (FAO) statistics, within 2009, China's muskmelon sowing area is 590,000 hectares, and 1,462 ten thousand tons of gross yields, account for respectively 46% and 53% of world's sowing area and gross yield.Therefore, China's muskmelon produce occupy in the world critical role (other dragon. China's watermelon and muskmelon graft seedling growth industry development present situation and countermeasure. Chinese melon dish, 2011,24 (2): 68-71.).
The soil-borne diseases such as muskmelon is the same with other melon crops, fusarium wilt harm is heavier, and continuous cropping obstacle easily occurs, so muskmelon is avoided and melon crop continuous cropping.The method of the soil-borne diseases such as control Muskmelon Fusarium wilt mainly contains crop rotation, chemical control, selects the measures such as disease-resistant variety and grafting cultivation.China adopts the method for crop rotation to prevent the generation of the soil-borne diseases such as Muskmelon Fusarium wilt.Although crop rotation is simple, but the expansion along with muskmelon and other melon crop area under cultivations, be subject to the restriction of cultivated land resource, crop rotation has become more and more difficult in a lot of areas of China, particularly due to melon crop facility cultivation and the rapid expansion of long season area under cultivation and the improving constantly of cropping index such as muskmelon in recent years, rotation cycle is shortened, be difficult to the time limit in accordance with regulations and carry out crop rotation, the continuous cropping of muskmelon is inevitable, the trend that causes having of the soil-borne diseases such as Muskmelon Fusarium wilt and soil continuous cropping obstacle to be increased the weight of year by year, the stable development that muskmelon is produced in serious threat, the general annual underproduction causing due to soil-borne diseases such as fusarium wilts has 20%～30%, the serious garden of even ruining total crop failure, especially those can not carry out the field of rice field-upland field rotation, situation is even more serious.Owing to also lacking at present the control effective agent of Muskmelon Fusarium wilt and the melon variety of high resistance to wilt good, grafting and root-changing just becomes the simple effective method of the soil-borne diseases such as prevention and control Muskmelon Fusarium wilt.By selecting suitable stock variety and muskmelon to carry out grafting and root-changing, not only can prevent the generation of the soil-borne diseases such as Muskmelon Fusarium wilt, root rot, and can improve the resistance of plant, extend the plant strain growth phase, be conducive to carry out long season cultivation, improve output, so muskmelon graft seedling growth has started to apply aborning.But not affinity phenomenon easily occurs muskmelon graft seedling growth, to having relatively high expectations of stock variety, the stock variety that is applicable to muskmelon grafting is less, and muskmelon is also higher to the requirement of graft technology simultaneously.The grafting method of muskmelon mainly contains inarching method, cleft graft, pith-cambium grafting method, the method for plant propagation with cutting etc. at present, and conventional method is inarching method and the method for plant propagation with cutting.Although manageable after inarching method grafting, survival rate is relatively high, operation is trouble, and work efficiency is low.Although method of plant propagation with cutting operation is simpler, high to the management expectancy in seedbed, if miscarriage, survival rate is not high, and that grows seedlings has a big risk.Therefore, muskmelon graft seedling growth technology is popularized and promoted to the popularity rate of muskmelon graft seedling growth how, far below watermelon,, effectively controls the generation of the soil-borne diseases such as fusarium wilt, for Development of Muskmelon Industry provides healthy high-quality seedling, become problem demanding prompt solution in muskmelon production.
(Zhu enters Zhu Jin etc., other dragon, Han Xiaoyan, etc. thick-skinned melon Cuttage grafting on stock with cut root seedling growing process. the Changjiang river vegetables, 2006 (8): the thick-skinned melon Cuttage grafting on stock with cut root seedling growing process of 25-26.) introducing, its main contributions is, on the basis of pegging graft, change the method that traditional grafting utilizes the former root system of stock, for removing the former root system of stock, in graft union, induction stock produces new root; The root system of new induction is without main root, and fibrous root is many, weakens the apical dominance of root system, has strengthened improving activity of root system, in production, show field planting after slow seedling fast, obviously performance is stronger for the growth potential in the resistance to low temperature of seedling and early stage; Root pruning and grafting shoot root is powerful, and its ability and drought resistance that absorbs rich water is obviously better than traditional grafting, later stage premature senescence resistance; Due to the grafting excessive growth problem of rootstock seedling having been carried out to 1 cuttage, can effectively solve causing due to stock excessive growth, can be to the size of rootstock seedling classify cuttage and management, the grafting of production is neat, commodity good, meets standard in strong sprout; Grafting speed is fast, and efficiency is high, can reduce production costs.Its major defect is, this grafting method is strict to requirement for environmental conditions with the phase of taking root in the healing of grafting, if healing is not suitable for or manages slightly carelessness with temperature, the moisture condition of the phase of taking root, survival rate is lower; If cultivation matrix is nutritious, thereby be difficult for taking root after grafting cuttage, affect survival rate, if cultivation matrix nutrition is poor, affect the growth of grafting; This grafting method is only applied to thick-skinned melon, also on Melon, do not apply, and the cultivation of rootstock seedling there is no need with 50 hole dish sowings.
Floating nursing is the middle and later periods eighties 20th century new method for raising seedling explored in research flue-cured tobacco soilless-cultivated seedling technology of the U.S., early 1990s, this technology was widely applied rapidly in U.S.'s cured tobacco production, was widely used at present in the tobacco of the countries such as the U.S., Brazil and Mexico produces.This seedling growing process is introduced China in the mid-90 in 20th century, takes the lead in applying in the crop seedlings such as cotton, tobacco.Chen Anbing reported the application of Floating nursing technology on muskmelon (Chen Anbing. watermelon, muskmelon Floating nursing technology. Shanghai vegetables, 2010 (1): 72.), its main contributions is, this practicality of Floating nursing new technology of growing seedlings is introduced to muskmelon and grown seedlings, adopting expanded polystyrene foam seedling-cultivating tray is carrier, take mixed substrate as basis, the seedling-cultivating tray that is loaded with muskmelon kind is put into nutrient solution water floating seedling bed and cultivate.Floating nursing is owing to replacing soil fixing muskmelon root system by matrix, nutrient solution is seeped in matrix as seedling provides nutrient and moisture by capillarity, only need to carry out floating seedlings by disposable preparation nutrient solution, between whole nursery stage, do not pour water, fishing and topdressing, matrix nutrition supply is balanced, the temperature in seedbed, humidity uniformity, and easily control, can reach and cultivate strong sprout, promote the object early sent out, there is the advantages such as simple to operate, planting percent is high, seedling neat and consistent, saving of labor's abridged edition.Its defect is, does not adopt graft technology while growing seedlings, and the muskmelon seedling being bred as, for from root seedling, easily infects the soil-borne diseases such as fusarium wilt after field planting, soil continuous cropping obstacle easily occurs.
In order to overcome the defect of above-mentioned thick-skinned melon Cuttage grafting on stock with cut root seedling growing process, if root pruning and grafting is grown seedlings and is combined with Floating nursing, science is adjusted the nutrient management mode of Floating nursing, the major advantage that can grow seedlings with Floating nursing in conjunction with root pruning and grafting, makes up all defect that root pruning and grafting is grown seedlings with Floating nursing.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention is to, select suitable stock variety and scion melon variety, the advantage of growing seedlings with Floating nursing in conjunction with root pruning and grafting, science is adjusted the way to manage of nutrient solution, overcome dexterously the shortcoming that root pruning and grafting is grown seedlings with Floating nursing, a kind of muskmelon grafting seedlings-growing method is provided, reach seedling stalwartness, neat and consistent, well developed root system, water suction, fertilizer sucting ability is strong, and after field planting, slow seedling is fast, the stalwartness of growing and be difficult for early ageing, effectively prevent and treat the generation of the soil-borne diseases such as Muskmelon Fusarium wilt and alleviation soil continuous cropping obstacle, the object of high-yield and high-efficiency.
A muskmelon grafting seedlings-growing method, comprises the following steps:
(1) select applicable stock variety and scion melon variety;
(2) adopt double break root graft method to carry out grafting, then cuttage is in filling the floating seedling tray of matrix;
(3) cuttage there is the floating seedling tray of grafting swim in to heal in the seedbed that clear water is housed the management with the phase of taking root;
(4) grafting is injected seedbed by nutrient solution after surviving, the management after making cuttage have the floating seedling tray of grafting to swim in to survive in nutrient solution.
The described stock variety of step (1) comprises: No. 3, the glad anvil in pumpkin variety capital, No. 2, river in Zhejiang Province anvil, No. 1, holy anvil, Xin Tuzuo, hero, all-round armor, No. 1, southern anvil, No. 3, southern anvil, or special-purpose stock melon variety century star muskmelon, No. 1, section's letter anvil, the high iron prop of moral; The described melon variety of step (1) comprises: Elizabethan, 'Zhongtian 1', golden beauty, clear monarch No. 1, No. 6, gold honey, west fight Luo Tuo, silver honey, the Cui Xianghuomi world.
Step (2) is to occur firm expansion when the 1st true leaf of rootstock seedling, and scion young plant leaf starts to turn green and adopts double break root graft method to carry out grafting when open and flat to cotyledon.
The described nutrient solution prescription of step (4) is: nitrogen content 95～300 mg/litre, phosphorus pentoxide content 18～300 mg/litre, potassium oxide content 20～300 mg/litre, iron content 0～20 mg/litre, boron content 0～2 mg/litre, manganese content 0～4 mg/litre, zinc content 0～2 mg/litre, copper content 0～0.5 mg/litre, pH6～7.
The healing of step (3) is that the floating seedling tray of the good grafting of cuttage is swum in the seedbed that 3～4 centimetres of dark clear water are housed with the management of the phase of taking root.
The healing of step (3) is on seedbed, to build moisture-heat preservation and shading facility with the management of the phase of taking root, by the scientific management of temperature, humidity and illumination, promote the healing of grafting wound and taking root of stock, after 10 days, grafting survives completely, enters the management after grafting survives.
On seedbed, build moisture-heat preservation and shading facility, within after grafting 1～3 day, keep 25 ℃～30 ℃ of temperature daytimes, 18 ℃～22 ℃ of nights, stuffy, keep air humidity more than 95%, illumination management be take shading as main, in the situation that scion is not wilted, sooner or later respectively sees light 0.5～1 hour; After grafting 4～6 days, temperature was controlled at 22 ℃～25 ℃ daytime, 18 ℃～20 ℃ of nights, air humidity is reduced to 90%, in the situation that scion is not wilted every day ventilation and penetrating light 2～3 hours, and extend gradually the ventilation and penetrating light time, after every day extend 1～3 hour ventilation and penetrating light time; Grafting after 7 days day temperature be still controlled at 22 ℃～25 ℃, be reduced to 16 ℃～18 ℃ night, air humidity is reduced to 85%, the not shading or hide l～2 hour when only sunlight is strong at noon of slightly wilting, after 10 days, grafting survives completely, enters the management after grafting survives.
Management after step (4) survives is in seedbed, to inject 8～10 centimetres of dark nutrient solutions.
Allow cuttage have the floating seedling tray of grafting to swim in nutrient solution, temperature keeps 20 ℃～25 ℃ of daytimes, 16 ℃～18 ℃ of nights, progressively throw off the covering for moisture-heat preservation and shading, only in overlay film insulation at night, when muskmelon seedling grows to 2 leaf 1 heart, night, temperature was reduced to 15 ℃～16 ℃, and cold acclimation is carried out in field planting for first 1 week, night temperature drop to 13 ℃～15 ℃; At any time the axillalry bud growing between stock cotyledon is erased in time, after grafting 15～22 days, when grafting 2 leaf 1 hearts go out garden field planting during to 3 leaf 1 heart.
When the neat seedling of stock, cotyledon are open and flat, with the paclobutrazol solution sprays of 12000 times 1 time, stock hypocotyl is increased thick; Or within 2～3 days before grafting, extract stock growing point, thick to promote that plumular axis increases; When selecting pumpkin rootstock, in grafting, 2 cotyledons of stock were respectively cut off to 1/3～1/2 in first 1 day, be conducive to improve graft survival rate.
The described stock variety of step in said method (1) is strong with muskmelon grafting affinity, and well developed root system is disease-resistant, cold-resistant, heat-resisting, does not affect quality and the local flavor of muskmelon, is difficult for the kind that early ageing and hypocotyl easily produce adventive root.
The described melon variety of step (1) is thick-skinned melon variety and the Thin Skin Muskmelon Varieties of applying on producing; Should select precocious, easily to sit melon, quality better kind.
The stock of first choosing when the described double break root graft of step (2) is grafting, and the former root system of stock is cut away in stock plumular axis collar place of 5～7 centimetres below cotyledonary node, adopt again the method for plant propagation with cutting or cleft graft to carry out grafting, then by the cuttage of root pruning and grafting seedling to filling in the porous foam floating seedling tray of matrix, 1 strain is inserted in every cave.
The described matrix of step (2) is commercial goods seedling medium or is the matrix that primary raw material is prepared with peat composed of rotten mosses agricultural wastes such as (or) edible fungi residues of fully fermentation, crops straw, sawdust, perlite, vermiculite.
The described floating seedling tray of step (2) is polystyrene foam seedling-cultivating tray, coil high (thickness) 6～8 centimetres, according to growing seedlings, require to have a plurality of holes of growing seedlings, the size in hole is 5.5～7.5 centimetres of the degree of depth, upper bore is 4.5～5.5 centimetres, lower bore is 2.0～2.5 centimetres, and it is the aperture of 0.6～1.0 centimetre that 1 diameter is stayed in bottom, and the hole of growing seedlings is cone or rectangular pyramid or polygonal pyramid body.
The present invention has following good effect: according to the requirement of double break root graft, nutrient management method to Floating nursing is improved, be after grafting, first to swim in the management of healing in clear water with the phase of taking root, make the moisture supply of matrix balanced, the temperature in seedbed, humidity uniformity, and easily control, be unlikely to again to make nutrient content in matrix too high and affect the root of hair after grafting cuttage, management after again nutrient solution being injected to seedbed after seedling to be grafted survives and surviving, together with this has not only been incorporated into the advantage of double break root graft and Floating nursing, but also overcome the shortcoming of the general double break root graft of muskmelon and Floating nursing, planting percent reaches more than 90%, than directly swimming in after the cuttage of double break root graft seedling in nutrient solution, heal and improve more than 10% with the planting percent of the period management of taking root, the grafting neat and consistent of cultivating, commodity is good, robust growth, well developed root system, vitality is strong, be difficult for old and feeble, adaptability to low temperature is stronger, can effectively prevent and treat the generation of the soil-borne diseases such as Muskmelon Fusarium wilt and alleviation soil continuous cropping obstacle, be particularly suitable for carrying out the cultivation of facility long season, after grafting field planting in early spring, slow seedling is fast, field-transplanting survival rate can reach more than 96%.In addition, also can save seedling culture space, improve the productivity ratio in unit are seedbed; Grafting speed is fast, and planting percent is high, can reduce production costs; It is simple to operate, is convenient to batch production, intensive, large-scale production.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the muskmelon grafting growing way figure that the inventive method is cultivated.
Embodiment
There is following embodiment to be described in detail essence of the present invention, and can not limit the present invention.
Embodiment 1
(1) stock and scion variety are selected: stock variety is selected with muskmelon grafting affinity strong, well developed root system, disease-resistant, cold-resistant, heat-resisting, do not affect quality and the local flavor of muskmelon, be difficult for the kind that early ageing and hypocotyl easily produce adventive root, No. 3, anvil as glad in pumpkin variety capital, No. 2, river in Zhejiang Province anvil, No. 1, holy anvil, Xin Tuzuo, hero, all-round armor, No. 1, southern anvil, No. 3, southern anvil, and special-purpose stock muskmelon (this anvil) kind century star muskmelon, No. 1, section's letter anvil, the high iron prop of moral etc.; Scion variety selects to produce thick-skinned melon variety and the Thin Skin Muskmelon Varieties of applying, should select precocious, easily to sit melon, quality better kind, as Elizabethan, 'Zhongtian 1', golden beauty, clear monarch No. 1, No. 6, gold honey, west fight Luo Tuo, silver-colored honey, emerald green perfume (or spice), the sweet world etc.(2) seedling medium: can select commercial goods seedling medium, for example, the Overwater-floating seedling medium that can select Guangzhou Hu Di fertilizer Science and Technology Ltd. to produce, the conventional matrix of the blue or green board factorial seedling growth in Shandong that Jinan Lu Qing seedling Co., Ltd produces, the floating special seedling substrates of cotton water that Hunan Shui Mu Bioisystech Co., Ltd produces etc. can be also that primary raw material is prepared with peat composed of rotten mosses agricultural wastes such as (or) edible fungi residues fully fermenting, crops straw, sawdust, perlite, vermiculite.(3) nutrient solution prescription: every 1 premium on currency contains macroelement: 431 milligrams, nitrate of lime, 325 milligrams, potassium nitrate, 75 milligrams of potassium dihydrogen phosphates, 193 milligrams, magnesium sulfate, containing micro-: 12.5 milligrams of disodium ethylene diamine tetraacetate iron, boric acid (H
3bO
3) 1.43 milligrams, manganese sulphate (MnSO
44H
2o) 1.04 milligrams, zinc sulphate (ZnSO
47H
2o) 0.11 milligram, copper sulphate (CuSO
45H
2o) 0.04 milligram; Or adopt Japanese vegetable garden experimental formula, and by 1/2 concentration, use, can directly buy flowers or vegetables soilless culture universal nutrient solution-Japanese vegetable garden experimental formula nutrient solution raw materials that Beijing small stream youth agricultural science and technology Co., Ltd produces, by 1/2 of normal concentration, use; Or the Fertilizer for Floating Nursing of Cotton Seedling in Water Bed that uses Hunan Shui Mu Bioisystech Co., Ltd to produce, first by every bag special fertilizer for seedling culture (400 grams of every bags), be watered 5 kilograms and be made into mother liquor, then add 150～200 kilograms, water; Also can select simply commercially available nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer to be mixed with 0.1%～0.2% solution as nutrient solution.Control the pH value of nutrient solution between 6～7.(4) prepare in seedbed: in common booth or the built-in seedbed of beam-connected greenhouse, dark 15～20 centimetres of seedbed, wide 1.2 meters, long 2.1～2.2 meters (standard seedbed), also can be determined on a case-by-case basis, at the bottom of the bed polyethylene film of paving one deck 0.06～0.1 millimeters thick (the most handy black), film is close to native face and is extended and covers each 15 centimetres of seedbed edge of beds, real by soil pressure, make 8～10 centimetres of dark nutrient solutions of seedling bed energy splendid attire, on seedbed, insert again bamboo chip and build little shed.(5) cultivation of stock and scion: stock and scion all adopt after presoaking and germinating live, sowing is front with 72.2% general 500 times of liquid and the agricultural streptomycin 400Wan unit (being watered 15 kilograms) of making every effort to overcome, or the 1000 times of liquid of disease prestige that go out, or 800～1000 times of liquid of 70% thiophanate-methyl water and execute matrix and carry out matrix sterilization.Stock was than the general planting early enough of scion 3～8 days, after stock presprouting of seeds, can broadcast sowing in seedbed or be equipped with 3 cm thick matrix (water content 75% left and right), 50～70 centimetres of the length of sides, bottom has in the plastic seeding culturing plate of osculum, thickness of sowing be between seed at a distance of 4～6 centimetres, carry out according to a conventional method seedling management; In order to improve graft survival rate, when the neat seedling of stock, cotyledon are open and flat, the paclobutrazol spraying of available 12000 times 1 time, increases stock hypocotyl and is slightly beneficial to grafting; If stock plumular axis is meticulous, can within 2～3 days before grafting, extract growing point, thick to promote that plumular axis increases; Because the cotyledon of pumpkin rootstock is larger, for avoiding that graft survival rate is exerted an influence, can 2 cotyledons of stock respectively be cut off to 1/3～1/2 in first 1 day in grafting.There is just expanding into grafting optimum period in the 1st true leaf of rootstock seedling.Scion muskmelon can be emerged and start presoaking and germinating 50% time at stock, after germination, broadcast sowing in the seedling-cultivating tray that 3 cm thick matrix (water content 75% left and right) is housed (can select the square plate of growing seedlings of 45 centimetres of 45 cm x), thickness of sowing is to be advisable at a distance of 2～3 centimetres between seed, cover matrix or vermiculite 1～1.5 cm thick, then spray 3000～4000 times of liquid of 95% green prosperous No. 1 wetting powder, send into immediately germinating box or germinating cabinet, keep 28 ℃～30 ℃ of temperature to carry out scion water-retaining cultivation, when having more than 80% seedling to emerge, be positioned in the little shed or booth that can irradiate sunlight, scion seedling is shown in 1～2 day sunlight, when cotyledon starts to turn green, it is grafting optimum period when open and flat to cotyledon.(6) medium in tray: the specification Bian of floating seedling tray, with long 70 centimetres, wide 40 centimetres, high 6 centimetres, has the polystyrene foam seedling-cultivating tray in 108 holes, and hole, cave is taper shape or rectangular pyramid, 4.5 centimetres of upper bores, 2 centimetres of lower bores, dark 5.5 centimetres.During sabot, first matrix is poured on concrete floor or on film, the 600 times of liquid of carbendazol wettable powder with 50% squirt and stir, make water content of substrate reach 60% left and right of own wt, hand is pinched agglomeratingly, loses flowing water between finger, lower backwardly naturally scatter, then just can sabot.First matrix is evenly poured in seedling-cultivating tray, shake seedling-cultivating tray, allow being filled in of matrix comparison consolidation grow seedlings in hole, then with the little plank of 1 cm thick, 50 centimeter length, the matrix compacting on seedling-cultivating tray surface is struck off, before grafting, water the water of revealing the exact details, with card punch, at each cave central point of hole opposite position, stamp 108 dark 1 centimetre of apertures, treat that skewer broadcasts grafting.(7) grafting: adopt double break root graft, when firm expansion appears in the 1st true leaf of rootstock seedling, scion young plant leaf starts to turn the green grafting of carrying out when open and flat to cotyledon, first 1 day stock of grafting and scion will be sprayed water 1 time, and to note strict sterilization, with 70% medicinal alcohol cotton balls or cotton balls, dip in the instrument disinfections such as blade that 0.5 ‰ potassium permanganate liquid opponent and grafting use, bamboo let before grafting, during operation every processing in 1～1.5 hour 1 time.First 1 day of grafting adds 72.2% with 600 times of liquid of metalaxyl-mn-zn and generally makes every effort to overcome the mixed liquor that 1500 times of liquid add agricultural streptomycin 400Wan unit (being watered 15 kilograms), or generally make every effort to overcome the mixed liquor that 700 times of liquid add agricultural streptomycin 400～500Wan unit (being watered 15 kilograms) with 72.2%, or 800～1000 times of liquid of 70% thiophanate-methyl spray stock and scion carries out disinfection, until blade drips, also can before grafting, scion seedling be immersed in 800 times of thiophanate methyl liquid approximately 2 hours in batches.The stock of first choosing during grafting, and the former root system of stock is cut away in stock plumular axis collar place of 5～7 centimetres below cotyledonary node, adopt again the method for plant propagation with cutting or cleft graft to carry out grafting, while adopting method of plant propagation with cutting grafting, first with blade, stock growing point is removed, the cotyledonary node of clamping gently stock with forefinger and the thumb of left hand, it is flat that the right hand is held two sides, long 1.5 centimetres of inclined-plane, the small bamboo spike of top glut shape be parallel to cotyledon direction be close to cotyledon petiole in arteries and veins base portion to another cotyledon, become 0.8～1.0 centimetre of the oblique insertion of 30～miter angle with plumular axis, from forefinger place, to thumb direction, insert, tip with bamboo let just in time arrives thumb place, can see bamboo let head but not break stock epidermis and be advisable.And then get scion seedling, two cotyledons of scion are closed up and clutched, below cotyledonary node base portion, the plumular axis of 0.5～1 centimeters is by end of blade to the butt cutter of splaying, and long 0.8～1.0 centimetre of bevel, claims large inclined-plane, and another side only need remove skim epidermis, claims little inclined-plane.Extract the bamboo let being inserted in stock, immediately the muskmelon scion of cutting is inserted to stock, make large inclined-plane downwards and the inclined-plane close proximity of stock socket, stock and scion cotyledon are " ten " word shape, the elasticity that scion is inserted is gently carried scion cotyledon with thumb and forefinger, can not extract and be advisable.After grafting rapidly by the cuttage of root pruning and grafting seedling to filling in the expanded polystyrene foam seedling-cultivating tray of matrix, 1 strain, 2～3 centimetres of the cuttage degree of depth are inserted in every cave.(8) management of healing with the phase of taking root: put into 3～4 centimetres of dark clear water in seedbed, the floating seedling tray of skewer having been broadcast to grafting swims in rapidly in seedbed, by 2 horizontal 1 vertical setting of types, be put on the seedling bed water surface, with sprayer, on seedling-cultivating tray, spray immediately 800 times of carbendazim, or gram bacterium star or the tpn of 800～1000 times carry out disinfection, make seedling and matrix combine closely simultaneously.At little shed upper cover plastic film moisture-heat preservation, on film, add a cover sunshade net shading at once.After grafting, 1～3 day temperature keeps 25 ℃～30 ℃ of daytimes, at 18 ℃～22 ℃ of nights, promotes the healing of root of hair and grafting wound, stuffy, keeps air humidity more than 95%, and illumination management be take shading as main, in the situation that scion is not wilted, sooner or later can suitably see light; Within after grafting 4～6 days, can induce the root that makes new advances, wound starts healing, can suitably reduce temperature, be controlled at 22 ℃～25 ℃ daytime, at 18 ℃～20 ℃ of nights, air humidity can be reduced to 90%, in the situation that scion is not wilted, suitable ventilation and penetrating light, and extend gradually the ventilation and penetrating light time; Grafting after 7 days grafting substantially survive, temperature is still controlled at 22 ℃～25 ℃ daytime, be reduced to 16 ℃～18 ℃ night, air humidity is reduced to 85% left and right, further strengthen ventilation and penetrating light, slight wilting can not shading or is hidden l～2 hour when only sunlight is strong at noon, and the hardening process by " seeing that light-light shades-see " makes grafting accept gradually natural lighting.After general 10 days, grafting can survive completely, can enter the management after grafting survives.(9) management of grafting after surviving: after grafting survives, the nutrient solution preparing is put into seedbed, make Depth Nutrient Solution reach 8～10 centimetres, allow grafting swim in nutrient solution, nutrient solution rises from bottom to up to supply seedling moisture and nutrient by matrix inside under the capillarity of matrix.Temperature keeps 20 ℃～25 ℃ of daytimes, at 16 ℃～18 ℃ of nights, can progressively throw off covering completely, only, in overlay film insulation at night, when muskmelon seedling grows to 2 leaf 1 heart, night, temperature can be reduced to 15 ℃～16 ℃, was beneficial to Female flower differentiation, cold acclimation is carried out in field planting for first 1 week, and night, temperature can drop to 13 ℃～15 ℃.Note at any time the axillalry bud growing between stock cotyledon being erased in time, in order to avoid affect scion growth.After grafting 15～22 days, when grafting 2 leaf 1 heart to 3 leaf 1 heart, can go out garden field planting.Adopt above-mentioned muskmelon grafting seedlings-growing method, the seedling neat and consistent of cultivating, robust growth, well developed root system, planting percent reaches 90.6%, than traditional double root pruning and grafting, grow seedlings high by 5%～10%, than directly swimming in after the cuttage of double break root graft seedling in nutrient solution, heal and improve 11.2% with the planting percent of the period management of taking root, the strong stress resistance of seedling, low temperature resistant and disease resistance significantly strengthens, can effectively prevent and treat the generation of the soil-borne diseases such as Muskmelon Fusarium wilt and alleviation soil continuous cropping obstacle, after transplanting, take root rapidly, slow seedling is fast, transplanting survival rate reaches 97.5%, can prevent stock excessive growth, can effectively prevent the aging of grafting muskmelon shoot root system, later stage is not prone to early ageing, the number of bearing fruit is more than traditional grafting, output obviously improves, be particularly suitable for the cultivation of muskmelon facility long season.Matrix makes whole seedling raising process depart from soil, can break away from the harm of soilborne disease, worm, weeds.And it is simple to operate, grafting speed is fast, saves seedbed, and saving of labor's abridged edition is with the obvious advantage, gets seedling, fortune seedling conveniently, is applicable to batch production, scale, industrialization production, is also adapted to disperse peasant household to grow seedlings voluntarily.The muskmelon grafting growing way that adopts said method to cultivate is shown in accompanying drawing.
Claims (10)
1. a muskmelon grafting seedlings-growing method, is characterized in that, comprises the following steps:
(1) select applicable stock variety and scion melon variety;
(2) adopt double break root graft method to carry out grafting, then cuttage is in filling the floating seedling tray of matrix;
(3) cuttage there is the floating seedling tray of grafting swim in to heal in the seedbed that clear water is housed the management with the phase of taking root;
(4) grafting is injected seedbed by nutrient solution after surviving, the management after making cuttage have the floating seedling tray of grafting to swim in to survive in nutrient solution.
2. a kind of muskmelon grafting seedlings-growing method according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, the described stock variety of step (1) comprises: No. 3, the glad anvil in pumpkin variety capital, No. 2, river in Zhejiang Province anvil, No. 1, holy anvil, Xin Tuzuo, hero, all-round armor, No. 1, southern anvil, No. 3, southern anvil, or special-purpose stock melon variety century star muskmelon, No. 1, section's letter anvil, the high iron prop of moral; The described melon variety of step (1) comprises: Elizabethan, 'Zhongtian 1', golden beauty, clear monarch No. 1, No. 6, gold honey, west fight Luo Tuo, silver honey, the Cui Xianghuomi world.
3. a kind of muskmelon grafting seedlings-growing method according to claim 1, is characterized in that, step (2) is to occur firm expansion when the 1st true leaf of rootstock seedling, and scion young plant leaf starts to turn green and adopts double break root graft method to carry out grafting when open and flat to cotyledon.
4. a kind of muskmelon grafting seedlings-growing method according to claim 1, is characterized in that,
The described nutrient solution prescription of step (4) is: nitrogen content 95～300 mg/litre, phosphorus pentoxide content 18～300 mg/litre, potassium oxide content 20～300 mg/litre, iron content 0～20 mg/litre, boron content 0～2 mg/litre, manganese content 0～4 mg/litre, zinc content 0～2 mg/litre, copper content 0～0.5 mg/litre, pH6～7.
5. a kind of muskmelon grafting seedlings-growing method according to claim 1, is characterized in that, the healing of step (3) is that the floating seedling tray of the good grafting of cuttage is swum in the seedbed that 3～4 centimetres of dark clear water are housed with the management of the phase of taking root.
6. a kind of muskmelon grafting seedlings-growing method according to claim 5, is characterized in that,
The healing of step (3) is on seedbed, to build moisture-heat preservation and shading facility with the management of the phase of taking root, by the scientific management of temperature, humidity and illumination, promote the healing of grafting wound and taking root of stock, after 10 days, grafting survives completely, enters the management after grafting survives.
7. a kind of muskmelon grafting seedlings-growing method according to claim 6, is characterized in that,
On seedbed, build moisture-heat preservation and shading facility, within after grafting 1～3 day, keep 25 ℃～30 ℃ of temperature daytimes, 18 ℃～22 ℃ of nights, stuffy, keep air humidity more than 95%, illumination management be take shading as main, in the situation that scion is not wilted, sooner or later respectively sees light 0.5～1 hour; After grafting 4～6 days, temperature was controlled at 22 ℃～25 ℃ daytime, 18 ℃～20 ℃ of nights, air humidity is reduced to 90%, in the situation that scion is not wilted every day ventilation and penetrating light 2～3 hours, and extend gradually the ventilation and penetrating light time, after every day extend 1～3 hour ventilation and penetrating light time; Grafting after 7 days day temperature be still controlled at 22 ℃～25 ℃, be reduced to 16 ℃～18 ℃ night, air humidity is reduced to 85%, the not shading or hide l～2 hour when only sunlight is strong at noon of slightly wilting, after 10 days, grafting survives completely, enters the management after grafting survives.
8. a kind of muskmelon grafting seedlings-growing method according to claim 1, is characterized in that, the management after step (4) survives is in seedbed, to inject 8～10 centimetres of dark nutrient solutions.
9. a kind of muskmelon grafting seedlings-growing method according to claim 8, is characterized in that,
Allow cuttage have the floating seedling tray of grafting to swim in nutrient solution, temperature keeps 20 ℃～25 ℃ of daytimes, 16 ℃～18 ℃ of nights, progressively throw off the covering for moisture-heat preservation and shading, only in overlay film insulation at night, when muskmelon seedling grows to 2 leaf 1 heart, night, temperature was reduced to 15 ℃～16 ℃, and cold acclimation is carried out in field planting for first 1 week, night temperature drop to 13 ℃～15 ℃; At any time the axillalry bud growing between stock cotyledon is erased in time, after grafting 15～22 days, when grafting 2 leaf 1 hearts go out garden field planting during to 3 leaf 1 heart.
10. a kind of muskmelon grafting seedlings-growing method according to claim 1, is characterized in that, when the neat seedling of stock, cotyledon are open and flat, with the paclobutrazol solution sprays of 12000 times 1 time, stock hypocotyl is increased thick; Or within 2～3 days before grafting, extract stock growing point, thick to promote that plumular axis increases; When selecting pumpkin rootstock, in grafting, 2 cotyledons of stock were respectively cut off to 1/3～1/2 in first 1 day, be conducive to improve graft survival rate.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201410293296.0A CN104012310B (en) | 2014-06-25 | 2014-06-25 | A kind of muskmelon grafting seedlings-growing method |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201410293296.0A CN104012310B (en) | 2014-06-25 | 2014-06-25 | A kind of muskmelon grafting seedlings-growing method |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN104012310A true CN104012310A (en) | 2014-09-03 |
| CN104012310B CN104012310B (en) | 2016-01-20 |
Family
ID=51429543
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201410293296.0A Active CN104012310B (en) | 2014-06-25 | 2014-06-25 | A kind of muskmelon grafting seedlings-growing method |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN104012310B (en) |
Cited By (12)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN104381027A (en) * | 2014-10-30 | 2015-03-04 | 和县朱韩种植家庭农场 | Muskmelon planting method |
| CN104904458A (en) * | 2015-05-18 | 2015-09-16 | 湖南省农业信息与工程研究所 | Field management method for melon facility long-season cultivation |
| CN105284434A (en) * | 2015-11-24 | 2016-02-03 | 全椒县太平农作物幼苗培育专业合作社 | Method for cultivating by grafting pumpkin seedlings with melons |
| CN105638255A (en) * | 2016-03-21 | 2016-06-08 | 淮南市亚丰酥瓜研究所 | High survival rate grafting method of melons |
| CN107047003A (en) * | 2017-04-21 | 2017-08-18 | 王现明 | A kind of implantation methods of watermelon |
| CN108849306A (en) * | 2018-06-14 | 2018-11-23 | 付再上 | A kind of organic western muskmelon ratooning new process |
| CN109197196A (en) * | 2018-10-12 | 2019-01-15 | 山东省农业科学院蔬菜花卉研究所 | A kind of method of pachydermia netted melon cuttage and seedling culture |
| CN111108933A (en) * | 2019-12-09 | 2020-05-08 | 上海曹野农业发展有限公司 | Cultivation method of ornamental pumpkin complex |
| CN111631031A (en) * | 2020-06-09 | 2020-09-08 | 山东省伟丽种苗科学研究院 | Seedling raising method for grafting double-stem seedlings on muskmelon |
| CN114847147A (en) * | 2022-06-16 | 2022-08-05 | 兰考坤禾农业开发有限公司 | Standardized grafting seedling raising method for high-sweetness mini-type watermelons |
| CN114982492A (en) * | 2022-06-16 | 2022-09-02 | 兰考坤禾农业开发有限公司 | Rapid grafting seedling raising method for small honeydew melons |
| CN115005029A (en) * | 2022-06-28 | 2022-09-06 | 廊坊市科龙种子有限公司 | Ten-cycle high-yield planting technology for muskmelons in greenhouse |
Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPS5729216A (en) * | 1980-07-26 | 1982-02-17 | Yasushi Isu | Grafting of melons |
| CN1806490A (en) * | 2006-02-16 | 2006-07-26 | 上海孙桥农业技术有限公司 | Cultivation method of ornamental dentritic tomato |
| CN101147459A (en) * | 2007-11-06 | 2008-03-26 | 湖南农业大学 | Dry-land crops dry-wet two-section tray seedling growth method |
-
2014
- 2014-06-25 CN CN201410293296.0A patent/CN104012310B/en active Active
Patent Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPS5729216A (en) * | 1980-07-26 | 1982-02-17 | Yasushi Isu | Grafting of melons |
| CN1806490A (en) * | 2006-02-16 | 2006-07-26 | 上海孙桥农业技术有限公司 | Cultivation method of ornamental dentritic tomato |
| CN101147459A (en) * | 2007-11-06 | 2008-03-26 | 湖南农业大学 | Dry-land crops dry-wet two-section tray seedling growth method |
Non-Patent Citations (5)
| Title |
|---|
| 何铃 等: ""水培扦插繁殖研究进展"", 《南方农业》 * |
| 别之龙: ""西瓜甜瓜嫁接育苗安全生产技术规程"", 《中国瓜菜》 * |
| 周泉 等: ""无籽西瓜水浮育苗嫁接技术"", 《湖南农业科学》 * |
| 朱进 等: ""厚皮甜瓜断根插接育苗技术"", 《长江蔬菜》 * |
| 陈安兵: ""西瓜、甜瓜水浮育苗技术"", 《上海蔬菜》 * |
Cited By (15)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN104381027A (en) * | 2014-10-30 | 2015-03-04 | 和县朱韩种植家庭农场 | Muskmelon planting method |
| CN104904458A (en) * | 2015-05-18 | 2015-09-16 | 湖南省农业信息与工程研究所 | Field management method for melon facility long-season cultivation |
| CN104904458B (en) * | 2015-05-18 | 2017-05-31 | 湖南省农业信息与工程研究所 | A kind of field management method of muskmelon facility Long term cultivation |
| CN105284434A (en) * | 2015-11-24 | 2016-02-03 | 全椒县太平农作物幼苗培育专业合作社 | Method for cultivating by grafting pumpkin seedlings with melons |
| CN105638255A (en) * | 2016-03-21 | 2016-06-08 | 淮南市亚丰酥瓜研究所 | High survival rate grafting method of melons |
| CN107047003A (en) * | 2017-04-21 | 2017-08-18 | 王现明 | A kind of implantation methods of watermelon |
| CN108849306A (en) * | 2018-06-14 | 2018-11-23 | 付再上 | A kind of organic western muskmelon ratooning new process |
| CN109197196A (en) * | 2018-10-12 | 2019-01-15 | 山东省农业科学院蔬菜花卉研究所 | A kind of method of pachydermia netted melon cuttage and seedling culture |
| CN111108933A (en) * | 2019-12-09 | 2020-05-08 | 上海曹野农业发展有限公司 | Cultivation method of ornamental pumpkin complex |
| CN111108933B (en) * | 2019-12-09 | 2021-08-10 | 上海曹野农业发展有限公司 | Cultivation method of ornamental pumpkin complex |
| CN111631031A (en) * | 2020-06-09 | 2020-09-08 | 山东省伟丽种苗科学研究院 | Seedling raising method for grafting double-stem seedlings on muskmelon |
| CN114847147A (en) * | 2022-06-16 | 2022-08-05 | 兰考坤禾农业开发有限公司 | Standardized grafting seedling raising method for high-sweetness mini-type watermelons |
| CN114982492A (en) * | 2022-06-16 | 2022-09-02 | 兰考坤禾农业开发有限公司 | Rapid grafting seedling raising method for small honeydew melons |
| CN115005029A (en) * | 2022-06-28 | 2022-09-06 | 廊坊市科龙种子有限公司 | Ten-cycle high-yield planting technology for muskmelons in greenhouse |
| CN115005029B (en) * | 2022-06-28 | 2024-02-02 | 廊坊市科龙种子有限公司 | Ten-cycle high-yield planting technology for muskmelon greenhouse |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN104012310B (en) | 2016-01-20 |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| CN104012310B (en) | A kind of muskmelon grafting seedlings-growing method | |
| CN101637092B (en) | Method for culturing large eucalyptus seedlings | |
| CN102835241B (en) | Method for raising peach tree seedlings in container | |
| CN103688835B (en) | Strawberry potted tray cutting seedling method | |
| CN104012308B (en) | A kind of seedling-cultivating method of watermelon Long term cultivation | |
| CN105794354B (en) | A kind of sweet photo seed float seedling method | |
| CN103385098A (en) | Turnip sprout vegetable soilless cultivation method | |
| CN102612971A (en) | Rose cutting propagation method | |
| CN104996155B (en) | The breeding method of agalloch eaglewood nursery stock | |
| CN103404342B (en) | Cucurbita maxima and Cucurbitamoschata grafting and strong seedling cultivation method | |
| CN103329802A (en) | Pollution-free high-yield planting method for strawberries | |
| CN103535170A (en) | Method for cultivating black waxy corn | |
| CN108633639A (en) | A kind of 1 year three batches of cultural method of South China's open country balsam pear cowpea envelopped senvy wheel case | |
| CN102349430B (en) | Method for breeding seedlings of grapes by using containers | |
| CN105638371B (en) | A kind of green propagation method of Gu tea tree | |
| CN106856711A (en) | A kind of method for promoting apocarya seed quick-speed germination | |
| KR20130051649A (en) | Method of cultivating vegetable fruit using rye | |
| RU2448453C1 (en) | Method of stimulation development, growth and productivity of plants | |
| CN102893811A (en) | Walnut grafting method | |
| CN101147459B (en) | Dry-land crops dry-wet two-section tray seedling growth method | |
| CN110326527A (en) | A kind of soilless culture method of color green pepper | |
| CN108522121A (en) | A kind of simple reproduction technology of Gaozhou oil-tea camellia grafting Camellia nitidissima | |
| CN106171557A (en) | A kind of method of Taiwan crystal no seed Fructus psidii guajavae immaturus graft seedling growth | |
| CN110249967A (en) | A kind of matrix and method of soilless cultivation cucumber | |
| CN201390924Y (en) | Nutritious water-absorbing resin breeding paper |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| C06 | Publication | ||
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| C10 | Entry into substantive examination | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
| C14 | Grant of patent or utility model | ||
| GR01 | Patent grant |