CN104904458A - Field management method for melon facility long-season cultivation - Google Patents
Field management method for melon facility long-season cultivation Download PDFInfo
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G2/00—Vegetative propagation
- A01G2/30—Grafting
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
Abstract
Disclosed is a field management method for melon facility long-season cultivation. The method comprises the steps that dual-root-cut-grafting floating seedling growing is adopted; dual-vine pruning is carried out, and a robust secondary vine is selected to firstly bear one melon; after a first batch of melons expands, the other vine is made to bear one melon, old vines bearing melons are pruned off after the first batch of melons is mature and harvested, compound fertilizer and water are applied once to promote unfixed vines of plant roots to sprout and grow, one robust unfixed vine is selected and kept, foliage dressing is carried out, and vigorous growth of new vines is promoted; after a second batch of melons expands, the reserved new vines bear one melon, old vines bearing melons are pruned off after the second batch of melons is mature and harvested, compound fertilizer and water are applied once to promote the unfixed vines of the plant roots to regenerate, one robust unfixed vine is selected and kept as a melon bearing vine of the next batch of melons, and foliage dressing is carried out to promote vigorous growth of the next batch of melon bearing vines; the steps are operated repeatedly, and total at least five batches of melons are produced and harvested. According to the method, multiple melons can be harvested through one plant, and the aims of reducing cultivation links, being high in yield and efficient and achieving long-season cultivation can be achieved.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to melon wilt technical field, be specifically related to a kind of field management method of muskmelon facility Long term cultivation.
Background technology
Muskmelon is important economic crops, and it is good in economic efficiency that it is cultivated, and particularly the economic benefit of facility cultivation is considerable, has become the important channel increasing peasant economy income at a lot of regional melon wilt.China is muskmelon production and supplyment big country, muskmelon year sowing area 590,000 hectares, gross yield 1,462 ten thousand tons, accounts for 46% and 53% of world's sowing area and gross yield respectively.Therefore, China's muskmelon produce occupy in the world critical role (other dragon. China's watermelon and muskmelon graft seedling growth industry development Status quo and countermeasures. Chinese melon dish, 2011,24 (2): 68-71).Muskmelon, as a kind of important high-efficiency and economic crop, plays an important role in China's Planter industry structure adjustment and promotion farmer richness increase income.
Muskmelon a kind ofly likes temperature, happiness light, happiness water but be afraid of to wet, require the melon high-efficiency and economic crop of dry, not resistance to stain, not only undergrowth under low temperature overcast and rainy day weather conditions, and damage by disease and insect is caused harm seriously.If the phase of bearing fruit meets rainy weather blooming, bear fruit poor, have a strong impact on southern muskmelon particularly thick-skinned melon cultivation yield and quality.China In Middle And Lower Reaches of Changjiang River low temperature overcast and rainy day in early spring weather is many, and at the end of spring and the beginning of summer many heavy rains, have the plum rain season of 20 ~ 30 days mid or late June to mid-July, and continuous rainfall weather is many, and rainfall is concentrated, and air humidity is large; Not only there is dry season weather It is the end of summer, just turning into autumn, and is typhoon multiple season, and often have heavy rain, these climatic characteristics have impact on growing of outdoor cropping muskmelon.So China's most area had disadvantage in time over half in the growth and division result of muskmelon in the middle of 1 year, having a big risk of common outdoor cropping, output is unstable, and poor quality, constrains the development of open country melon wilt.Therefore, China's most area only sows arrangement one batch of open country melon wilt in spring, and seldom there is the outdoor cropping of thick-skinned melon southern rainy humid area, and the listing phase of muskmelon generally concentrated on about July, and after the beginning of autumn, muskmelon is less.Owing to producing the impact that traditional crops for rotation arrange by the restriction of natural conditions and muskmelon, muskmelon is often caused to concentrate a large amount of listing, incompatible with the market demand, seasonal selling pressure is large, cause luffing between the planting scale of muskmelon and economic benefit year border comparatively large, the serious contusion enthusiasm for production of numerous melon growers.Thus muskmelon whole year production technology and Long term cultivation technology is explored, set up the production cultivation system of anniversary stable market supply, for giving full play to REGIONAL RESOURCES SUPERIORITY, evading and taking precautions against the market risk, increase farmers' income, promote that muskmelon industry develops in a healthy way significant continually and steadily.
The facility cultivations such as booth not only can overcome the unfavourable weather condition of outdoor cropping, and early stage can shift to an earlier date field planting carry out precocity or Early maturity cultivation, later stage can carry out autumn delayed cultivation, extends the muskmelon supply phase, reaches high yield, stable yields, high-quality, efficiently object.Southern area adopts the facility cultivations such as booth to succeed to thick-skinned melon in the middle and lower reach of Yangtze River of rainy humidity etc.; and create good economic benefit; but a kind of one conventional plants cultivation mode received because one-time investment is large, yield poorly, cost is high, cannot form large-scale production all the time.Wei Wuqing etc. have carried out inquiring into (Wei Wuqing to thick-skinned melon Long term cultivation pattern and supporting technology, Yan Yanhua. thick-skinned melon Long term cultivation pattern and supporting technology. Shanghai vegetables, 2012, (6): 63-64), the contribution of this research is, facility cultivation 1 batch of muskmelon can be gathered 2 batches of muskmelons, altogether can be gathered 4 batches of muskmelons, thus reach the object of muskmelon Long term cultivation and anniversary stable market supply by spring, autumn each facility cultivation 1 batch of muskmelon; Its defect is, this Long term cultivation pattern the Long term cultivation of really, because often cultivate 1 batch of muskmelon can only to gather 2 batches of muskmelons, need respectively to cultivate in spring, autumn the object that 1 batch of muskmelon just can reach Long term cultivation and supply, often cultivate the processes such as 1 batch of muskmelon all will repeat wholely, sowing, nursery, field planting, labour intensity is large, takes a lot of work, time-consuming, and commerial growing is more difficult.The muskmelon Long term cultivation technology of Wang Yuhong etc. (Wang Yuhong etc. Melon Long term cultivation technology. Ningbo agricultural science, 2009, (4): 28-30), its contribution is, after 2 batches of muskmelons are gathered in Melon ealy maturing culture, it is always climing to cut result, until newly climing send after again training stay fruit, cultivate 1 batch of muskmelon can to gather continuously 3 ~ 4 batches of melons, can be described as Long term cultivation truly, but its defect is, in fact this Long term cultivation technology belongs to general ratooning technology, climing owing to directly wiping out always after muskmelon is gathered, the acrial part of plant and the growth balanced relation of under ground portion are destroyed suddenly, the aging of muskmelon root system is accelerated, its growth declines with absorbing capacity, the indefinite bud causing Muskmelon Plants base portion to be hidden is sprouted slow, the indefinite growing way of overgrowing of pumping is weak, some indivedual old and feeble plant is dead even ahead of time, can not pumping indefinite climing and occur lack root and stem of certain plants phenomenon, so the output of unripe watermelon yields poorly a lot than 2 batches of melons again, quality is also poor, and only achieve a kind of 3 ~ 4 receipts, practical extending application value is also little.Implantation methods (the application number 201410699575.7 that a kind of thick-skinned melon is received one batch more, application publication number CN 104350936 A) within 12 ~ 18 days, use composite fertilizer owing to criticizing at head before muskmelon is gathered, promote that root sprouts new lateral bine, shear when gathering that result is climing, root retain 1 healthy and strong climing carry out on once result, partly can overcome the defect of above-mentioned ratooning technology, cultivate 1 batch of muskmelon at least can to gather 3 batches of melons, but because this implantation methods is beared fruit more 1 time, nutrient consumption is larger, it is again the conventional fertilizer water management technology adopted, Muskmelon Plants and root system are easy to aging, the growth potential of the new lateral bine of pumping is poor, aging is very fast, after the yielding poorly of several melons, poor quality.Due to the grafting muskmelon seedling robust growth that double break root graft Floating nursing technology is cultivated, well developed root system, water suction, fertilizer sucting ability is strong, not easily old and feeble, stronger to the adaptability of low temperature, the aging of muskmelon Long term cultivation later stage plant and root system can not only be prevented, and effectively can also prevent and treat the generation of the soil-borne diseases such as Muskmelon Fusarium wilt and alleviation soil continuous cropping obstacle, be particularly suitable for carrying out facility Long term cultivation.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention is to, double break root graft Floating nursing technology is adopted to carry out facility grafting cultivation by selecting applicable melon variety and stock variety, and according to the characteristic of growing of muskmelon, the indefinite bud of Muskmelon Plants base portion is utilized to be easy to the indefinite climing feature of repeatedly pumping, by rational rich water quality management and Plant adjustment method, a kind of field management method of muskmelon facility Long term cultivation is provided, reaches the object reducing cultivation link, extend muskmelon supply phase, highly efficient and productive, Long term cultivation.
A field management method for muskmelon facility Long term cultivation, comprises the following steps:
(1) melon variety and stock variety is selected to adopt double break root graft Floating nursing;
(2) plastic film mulching cultivation in facility, two climing training, choosing is healthy and strong son climing first seat 1, a melon wherein;
(3) after the 1st batch of melon just fully expands (namely after fixed, when muskmelon just expanded no longer to continue to be called when expanding after certain volume size surely individual, muskmelon is generally preordained individual ripe front 7 ~ 15), another son is allowed climingly to sit 1, melon again, 1st batch of melon maturation wipes out result after gathering always climing, be affixed by 1 compound rich water and promote the indefinite climing pumping of plant base portion, 1 stalwartness of selecting and remain is indefinite climing and carry out foliar application and promote the robust growth that new melon is climing;
After (4) the 2nd batches of melons just fully expand, 1 reserved, the climing seat melon of new melon, 2nd batch of melon maturation wipes out the always climing of result after gathering, be affixed by 1 compound rich water and promote the indefinite climing regeneration of plant base portion, 1 healthy and strong indefinite climing result as next group melon of selecting and remain is climing, and carries out foliar application and promote the robust growth that next group melon result is climing;
(5) repeat step (4) altogether at least carry out the production of 5 batches of muskmelons and gather.
Melon variety described in step (1) be grow under low temperature and poor light condition, the regeneration capacity of plant is strong, heat-resisting, resistance, bearing fruit property are good, fruit maturation is fast, product of fine quality in the precocious thick-skinned melon variety of small fruit type, or the high-quality Thin Skin Muskmelon Varieties of applicable facility cultivation; Comprise: Elizabethan, Snow White, avenge EL in vain, Luo Tuo, silver-colored honey, emerald green perfume (or spice), the sweet world are fought in radix curcumae perfume, moonlight, Calusena lansium 9818, 'Zhongtian 1', golden beauty, clear monarch No. 1, No. 6, gold honey, sweet No. 4 of river in Zhejiang Province, west;
Described stock variety is strong with muskmelon grafting affinity, and well developed root system is disease-resistant, cold-resistant, heat-resisting, does not affect quality and the local flavor of muskmelon, and not easily early ageing and hypocotyl easily produce the kind of adventive root; Comprise: No. 3, the glad anvil in pumpkin variety capital, No. 2, river in Zhejiang Province anvil, No. 1, holy anvil, Xin Tuzuo, hero, all-round armor, No. 1, southern anvil, No. 3, southern anvil, and special stock melon variety century star muskmelon, section letter No. 1, anvil, moral height iron prop.
The detailed process of above-mentioned steps (2) is: the pinching when seedling has 3 ~ 5 true leaves, often selects good strains in the field for seed and stays climing 2 of son, extracts the lateral bine of below the climing joint position of bearing fruit of son; The son of choosing stalwartness is climing climing as the 1st result, when the lateral bine of its 7 ~ 10 joint is bloomed, carry out artificial supplementary pollination and promote to bear fruit, and stay 1 ~ 2 true leaf pinching after the pollination female flower of lateral bine, 1st result is climing pinches when growing to 18 ~ 22 leaves, and cuts other lateral bines of climing upper generation of bearing fruit; To select and remain when young melon grows to egg size 1 normotrophic maximum young melon, then manage routinely and impose swelling melon fertilizer in time and promote Fruit and the stable market supply ensureing plant nutrition.
The detailed process of above-mentioned steps (3) is: after the 1st batch of melon just fully expands (fixed), namely before muskmelon maturation 7 ~ 15 days, using climing climing as the 2nd result for another son, when the lateral bine of its 15th ~ 20 joint is bloomed, carry out artificial supplementary pollination and promote bearing fruit of the 2nd batch of melon, and 1 ~ 2 true leaf pinching is stayed after the pollination female flower of lateral bine, the 2nd result is climing pinches when growing to 24 ~ 26 leaf, and the lateral bine not tying melon is all extractd; 1st batch of melon maturation is gathered afterwards in time, wipes out the always climing of result, 1 normotrophic maximum young melon of simultaneously selecting and remain on the 2nd result is climing.
The detailed process of above-mentioned steps (4) is: the 2nd batch of melon just fully expands after (fixed), when the lateral bines of climing 7th ~ 15 joints of the 3rd batch of melon result are bloomed, select normotrophic female flower to carry out artificial supplementary pollination and promote bearing fruit of the 3rd batch of melon, and 1 ~ 2 true leaf pinching is stayed after the pollination female flower of lateral bine, result is climing pinches when growing to 18 ~ 22 leaf, and the lateral bine not tying melon is all extractd; 2nd batch of melon maturation is gathered afterwards in time, wipes out the always climing of result, 1 normotrophic maximum young melon of simultaneously selecting and remain on the 3rd result is climing.
Be affixed by 1 compound rich water described in above-mentioned steps (3), be impose except swelling melon fertilizer in time except managing routinely, every mu is affixed by potassium sulfate compound fertilizer 5 ~ 6 kilograms, potassium sulfate 1 ~ 2 kilogram, then adds green rhythm and urge root and increase sweet punching and execute liquid 0.5 ~ 1 kilogram.
Foliar application described in above-mentioned steps (3) is, every mu of use 30 kilograms of clear water add nuclear energy element 200 ~ 300 grams, potassium dihydrogen phosphate 60 grams of foliage-sprays 1 time, or every mu of use 30 kilograms of clear water add nuclear energy element 200 ~ 300 grams, amino acid foliage fertilizer 60 ~ 90 grams of foliage-sprays 1 time.
Being affixed by 1 compound rich water described in above-mentioned steps (4), is impose except swelling melon fertilizer in time except managing routinely, and every mu is affixed by potassium sulfate compound fertilizer 5 kilograms, marine alga rushes fertilising 4 kilograms, then adds green rhythm and urge root and increase sweet punching and execute liquid 0.5 ~ 1 kilogram.
Foliar application described in above-mentioned steps (4) is, every mu of use 30 kilograms of clear water add nuclear energy element 200 ~ 300 grams, amino acid foliage fertilizer 60 ~ 90 grams of foliage-sprays 1 time; Or add nuclear energy element 200 ~ 300 grams, potassium dihydrogen phosphate 60 grams of foliage-sprays 1 time with 30 kilograms of clear water.
In said method, the production of 4th ~ 5 batches of melons is identical with the production process of the 3rd batch of melon.
The process of the double break root graft Floating nursing described in said method is: stock of first choosing during grafting, and stock primitive root system is cut away at stock plumular axis collar place of 5 ~ 7 centimetres below cotyledonary node, the method of plant propagation with cutting is adopted to carry out grafting again, after grafting rapidly by the cuttage of root pruning and grafting seedling in the expanded polystyrene floatation of foam seedling-cultivating tray filling seedling medium, then the floating seedling tray rapid flotation of good for cuttage grafting is carried out in the seedbed filling clear water the management of healing and phase of taking root, in seedbed, conventional nutritive liquid for floating breeding is injected after grafting survives, management after allowing grafting swim in nutrient solution to carry out grafting to survive.
Facility described in said method is plastic tunnel or attached-greenhouse.
The joint number that in said method, muskmelon is climing is all count from the bottom up.
The present invention has following good effect: the field management method of muskmelon facility Long term cultivation is not as common ratooning, wipe out always climing after muskmelon is gathered, suddenly the acrial part of plant and the growth balanced relation of under ground portion is broken, but it is indefinite climing climing as a result with regard to 1 stalwartness of pre-incubation base portion pumping in the growth and development process of muskmelon, climing etc. new result grow up to after to wipe out result more always climing, can not accelerate the aging of muskmelon root system like this, the growth of root system and absorbing capacity can not obviously decline.The present invention is also by adopting double break root graft Floating nursing technology, make the well developed root system of plant, water suction, fertilizer sucting ability is stronger, not easily old and feeble, this can not only prevent the aging of muskmelon Long term cultivation later stage plant and root system, and effectively can also prevent and treat the generation of the soil-borne diseases such as Muskmelon Fusarium wilt and alleviation soil continuous cropping obstacle.Simultaneously, every strain is only beared fruit 1 at every turn, avoid owing to bearing fruit more and make overnutrition consumption, the plant caused does sth. in advance aging phenomenon, supplement plant nutrition by reasonable supplement rich water and foliage-spray high-efficiency foliage fertilizer again, plant not only can be made to keep sane growing way and not early ageing for a long time, and the indefinite bud that Muskmelon Plants base portion can also be made to hide is sprouted fast, the indefinite growing way of overgrowing of pumping is strong, fast growth.So the muskmelon of this Long term cultivation often criticizes yield and quality and the first planting melon no significant difference of melon, and much more a kind of receipts can be accomplished, reach reduce cultivation link, extend the muskmelon supply phase, the object of highly efficient and productive, Long term cultivation.
Embodiment
There is following embodiment can be described in detail essence of the present invention, and can not the present invention be limited.
Embodiment 1
(1) applicable melon variety and stock variety is selected to carry out graft seedling growth: melon variety is selected to grow under low temperature and poor light condition, the regeneration capacity of plant is strong, heat-resisting, resistance, bearing fruit property is good, fruit maturation is fast, the precocious thick-skinned melon variety of middle small fruit type that product are of fine quality, also the high-quality Thin Skin Muskmelon Varieties of applicable facility cultivation can be selected, selectable melon variety has: Elizabethan, Snow White, white snow EL, radix curcumae is fragrant, moonlight, Calusena lansium 9818, 'Zhongtian 1', gold is beautiful, clear monarch No. 1, No. 6, gold honey, sweet No. 4 of river in Zhejiang Province, fight Luo Tuo in west, silver honey, emerald green fragrant, the honey world etc.Stock variety is selected with muskmelon grafting affinity strong, well developed root system, disease-resistant, cold-resistant, heat-resisting, do not affect quality and the local flavor of muskmelon, not easily early ageing and hypocotyl easily produce the kind of adventive root, No. 3, anvil as glad in pumpkin variety capital, No. 2, river in Zhejiang Province anvil, No. 1, holy anvil, Xin Tuzuo, hero, all-round armor, No. 1, southern anvil, No. 3, southern anvil, and special stock muskmelon (this anvil) kind century star muskmelon, section letter No. 1, anvil, moral height iron prop etc.Generally can start nursery in the greenhouse having Heating system or booth in mid or late January, adopt the nursery of double break root graft Floating nursing method, when firm expansion appears in rootstock seedling the 1st true leaf, scion young plant leaf start turn green open and flat to cotyledon time carry out grafting, first to choose during grafting stock, and stock primitive root system is cut away at stock plumular axis collar place of 5 ~ 7 centimetres below cotyledonary node, then the method for plant propagation with cutting is adopted to carry out grafting.After grafting rapidly by the cuttage of root pruning and grafting seedling in the expanded polystyrene floatation of foam seedling-cultivating tray filling seedling medium, 1 strain is inserted in every cave, the cuttage degree of depth 2 ~ 3 centimetres.Then the floating seedling tray rapid flotation of good for cuttage grafting is being filled in the dark seedbed of 3 ~ 4 centimetres, clear water the management carrying out healing and phase of taking root.In seedbed, 8 ~ 10 centimetres of dark conventional nutritive liquid for floating breeding are injected, the management after allowing grafting swim in nutrient solution to carry out grafting to survive after grafting survives.After grafting 15 ~ 22 days, garden field planting can be gone out when grafting 2 leaf 1 heart to 3 leaf 1 heart.
(2) in good time field planting: adopt the facility cultivations such as the attached-greenhouse of plastic tunnel or good heat insulating, according to common facility muskmelon precocious or Early maturity cultivation method carry out wholely with use sufficient base manure.When 10 centimetres of dark ground temperature are stabilized in more than 15 DEG C in facility, get final product field planting when the minimum air temperature is not less than 13 DEG C, generally in plastic mulching field planting mid-February to mid-March.The kind that fruit is less generally adopts hangs climing cultivation, and the kind that fruit is larger then adopts cultivates with climbing.The plantation density of hanging climing cultivation is every mu of 1200 ~ 1600 strains, and the plantation density of cultivating with climbing is every mu of 500 ~ 800 strains, manages according to a conventional method after field planting.
(3) pinching when seedling has 3 ~ 5 true leaves, often selects good strains in the field for seed and stays climing 2 of son, extracts the lateral bine of below the climing joint position of bearing fruit of son.The son of choosing stalwartness is climing climing as the 1st result, when the lateral bine of its 7 ~ 10 joint is bloomed, carry out artificial supplementary pollination and promote to bear fruit, and stay 1 ~ 2 true leaf pinching after the pollination female flower of lateral bine, 1st result is climing pinches when growing to 18 ~ 22 leaves, and cuts other lateral bines of climing upper generation of bearing fruit.Select and remain when young melon grows to egg size 1 grow fast, fruit shape just, close, the normotrophic maximum young melon of fruit velvet hair, then manage routinely and impose swelling melon fertilizer in time and promote Fruit and the stable market supply ensureing plant nutrition.
(4) after the 1st batch of melon fully expands (fixed), large before the 1st batch of melon maturation 7 ~ 15 days, using climing climing as the 2nd result for another son, when 15th ~ 20 lateral bines saved that the 2nd result is climing are bloomed, carry out artificial supplementary pollination and promote bearing fruit of the 2nd batch of melon, and 1 ~ 2 true leaf pinching is stayed after the pollination female flower of lateral bine, the 2nd result is climing pinches when growing to 24 ~ 26 leaf, and the lateral bine not tying melon is all extractd.Greatly about mid or late May the 1st batch of melon maturation gather in time afterwards, wipe out the always climing of result, select and remain 1 on the 2nd result is climing it is fast to grow simultaneously, fruit shape just, fruit velvet hair is close, normotrophic maximum young melon, then impose except swelling melon fertilizer promotion Fruit in time except managing routinely, also to impose 1 compound rich water more, execute potassium sulfate compound fertilizer 5 ~ 6 kilograms for every mu, potassium sulfate 1 ~ 2 kilogram, add green rhythm again to urge root and increase sweet punching and execute liquid (liquid is executed in a kind of melon special high concentration phosphorus potassium punching, what the present invention selected is that Hangzhou Greenleaf Science & Technology Co., Ltd. produces) 0.5 ~ 1 kilogram, a small amount of water-soluble solution first used respectively by fertilizer, after mixing, the pouring root and stem of certain plants is carried out to about 1500 kilograms, clear water again, or the fertilizer after dissolving is added in irrigation water and adopts fertigation, the indefinite climing pumping of plant base portion and indefinite climing robust growth is promoted with supplementary plant nutrition, and 1 article of base portion pumping of selecting and remain the indefinite climing result as the 3rd batch of melon the most healthy and the strongest is climing.When the climing length of the result of the 3rd batch of melon more than 30 centimetres, every mu of use 30 kilograms of clear water add nuclear energy element (plant growth regulators, what the present invention selected is the production of Zhengzhou Biao Dian Chemical Co., Ltd.) 200 ~ 300 grams, potassium dihydrogen phosphate 60 grams of foliage-sprays 1 time; Or every mu of use 30 kilograms of clear water add nuclear energy element 200 ~ 300 grams, amino acid foliage fertilizer (a kind of commodity foliage fertilizer, what the present invention selected produces for Shanghai leads to Microbial Technics Ltd) 60 ~ 90 grams of foliage-sprays 1 time, and strengthen rich water quality management, to promote the 3rd batch of robust growth that melon result is climing.
(5) the 2nd batches of melons fully expand after (fixed), when the lateral bines of climing 7th ~ 15 joints of the 3rd batch of melon result are bloomed, select normotrophic ovary is large, melon handle is thick, fruit type is positive female flower to carry out artificial supplementary pollination and promote bearing fruit of the 3rd batch of melon, and 1 ~ 2 true leaf pinching is stayed after the pollination female flower of lateral bine, result is climing pinches when growing to 18 ~ 22 leaf, and the lateral bine not tying melon is all extractd.Greatly about late June the 2nd batch of melon maturation gather in time afterwards, wipe out the always climing of result, select and remain 1 on the 3rd result is climing it is fast to grow simultaneously, fruit shape just, fruit velvet hair is close, normotrophic maximum young melon is as the 3rd batch of melon, then impose except swelling melon fertilizer promotion Fruit in time except managing routinely, also to impose 1 compound rich water more, execute potassium sulfate compound fertilizer 5 kilograms for every mu, (a kind of commodity are organic in marine alga punching fertilising, inorganic complex fertilizer, what the present invention selected is that Qingdao Mingyue Marine Alga Group Corp., Ltd. produces) 4 kilograms, add green rhythm again to urge root and increase sweet punching and execute liquid 0.5 ~ 1 kilogram, a small amount of water-soluble solution first used respectively by fertilizer, after mixing, the pouring root and stem of certain plants is carried out to about 1500 kilograms, clear water again, or the fertilizer after dissolving is added in irrigation water and adopts fertigation, to promote the indefinite climing regeneration of plant base portion and supplementary plant nutrition, and 1 of base portion pumping of selecting and remain the indefinite climing result as next group melon the most healthy and the strongest is climing.When the climing length of the result newly stayed more than 30 centimetres, every mu of use 30 kilograms of clear water add nuclear energy element 200 ~ 300 grams, amino acid foliage fertilizer 60 ~ 90 grams of foliage-sprays 1 time; Or add nuclear energy element 200 ~ 300 grams, potassium dihydrogen phosphate 60 grams of foliage-sprays 1 time with 30 kilograms of clear water, and strengthen rich water quality management, to promote the robust growth that new result is climing.
(6) after the 3rd batch of melon fully expands (fixed), when 7th ~ 15 lateral bines saved that reserved new result is climing are bloomed, the female flower that normotrophic ovary is large, melon handle is thick, fruit type is positive is selected to carry out artificial supplementary pollination, promote bearing fruit of the 4th batch of melon, and 1 ~ 2 true leaf pinching is stayed after the pollination female flower of lateral bine, result is climing pinches when growing to 18 ~ 22 leaf, and the lateral bine not tying melon is all extractd.
(7) large after late July gathers the 3rd batch of melon, carry out the production of 4th ~ 5 batches of muskmelons with reference to operating procedure (5), (6) and gather.Large about late August and the 4th and the 5th batch of melon of can gathering respectively by the end of September.If strengthen cultivation management or adopt the facility of good heat insulating or the production of the 6th batch of melon can also be carried out in the good area of weather conditions.Adopt the field management method of above-mentioned muskmelon facility Long term cultivation, the 1st batch of melon output of hanging climing cultivation is generally 1100 ~ 1300 kilograms every mu, 2nd batch of melon output is generally 1200 ~ 1500 kilograms every mu, 3rd batch of melon output is generally 1100 ~ 1300 kilograms every mu, 4th batch of melon output is generally 1000 ~ 1200 kilograms every mu, 5th batch of melon output is generally 900 ~ 1100 kilograms every mu, and a kind of 5 output received are generally 5300 ~ 6400 kilograms every mu, often criticize the quality no significant difference between muskmelon.
Claims (10)
1. a field management method for muskmelon facility Long term cultivation, is characterized in that, comprises the following steps:
(1) melon variety and stock variety is selected to adopt double break root graft Floating nursing;
(2) plastic film mulching cultivation in facility, two climing training, choosing is healthy and strong son climing first seat 1, a melon wherein;
(3) after the 1st batch of melon just fully expands, another son is allowed climingly to sit 1, melon again, 1st batch of melon maturation wipes out result after gathering always climing, is affixed by 1 compound rich water and promotes the indefinite climing pumping of plant base portion, and 1 stalwartness of selecting and remain is indefinite climing and carry out foliar application and promote the robust growth that new melon is climing;
After (4) the 2nd batches of melons just fully expand, 1 reserved, the climing seat melon of new melon, 2nd batch of melon maturation wipes out the always climing of result after gathering, be affixed by 1 compound rich water and promote the indefinite climing regeneration of plant base portion, 1 healthy and strong indefinite climing result as next group melon of selecting and remain is climing, and carries out foliar application and promote the robust growth that next group melon result is climing;
(5) repeat step (4) altogether at least carry out the production of 5 batches of muskmelons and gather.
2. the field management method of a kind of muskmelon facility Long term cultivation according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, melon variety described in step (1) be grow under low temperature and poor light condition, the regeneration capacity of plant is strong, heat-resisting, resistance, bearing fruit property are good, fruit maturation is fast, product of fine quality in the precocious thick-skinned melon variety of small fruit type, or the high-quality Thin Skin Muskmelon Varieties of applicable facility cultivation; Comprise: Elizabethan, Snow White, avenge EL in vain, Luo Tuo, silver-colored honey, emerald green perfume (or spice), the sweet world are fought in radix curcumae perfume, moonlight, Calusena lansium 9818, 'Zhongtian 1', golden beauty, clear monarch No. 1, No. 6, gold honey, sweet No. 4 of river in Zhejiang Province, west;
Described stock variety is strong with muskmelon grafting affinity, and well developed root system is disease-resistant, cold-resistant, heat-resisting, does not affect quality and the local flavor of muskmelon, and not easily early ageing and hypocotyl easily produce the kind of adventive root; Comprise: No. 3, the glad anvil in pumpkin variety capital, No. 2, river in Zhejiang Province anvil, No. 1, holy anvil, Xin Tuzuo, hero, all-round armor, No. 1, southern anvil, No. 3, southern anvil, and special stock melon variety century star muskmelon, section letter No. 1, anvil, moral height iron prop.
3. the field management method of a kind of muskmelon facility Long term cultivation according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, the detailed process of step (2) is: the pinching when seedling has 3 ~ 5 true leaves, often selects good strains in the field for seed and stays climing 2 of son, extracts the lateral bine of below the climing joint position of bearing fruit of son; The son of choosing stalwartness is climing climing as the 1st result, when the lateral bine of its 7 ~ 10 joint is bloomed, carry out artificial supplementary pollination and promote to bear fruit, and stay 1 ~ 2 true leaf pinching after the pollination female flower of lateral bine, 1st result is climing pinches when growing to 18 ~ 22 leaves, and cuts other lateral bines of climing upper generation of bearing fruit; To select and remain when young melon grows to egg size 1 normotrophic maximum young melon, then manage routinely and impose swelling melon fertilizer in time and promote Fruit and the stable market supply ensureing plant nutrition.
4. the field management method of a kind of muskmelon facility Long term cultivation according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, the detailed process of step (3) is: after the 1st batch of melon just fully expands, namely before muskmelon maturation 7 ~ 15 days, using climing climing as the 2nd result for another son, when the lateral bine of its 15th ~ 20 joint is bloomed, carry out artificial supplementary pollination and promote bearing fruit of the 2nd batch of melon, and 1 ~ 2 true leaf pinching is stayed after the pollination female flower of lateral bine, 2nd result is climing pinches when growing to 24 ~ 26 leaf, and the lateral bine not tying melon is all extractd; 1st batch of melon maturation is gathered afterwards in time, wipes out the always climing of result, 1 normotrophic maximum young melon of simultaneously selecting and remain on the 2nd result is climing.
5. the field management method of a kind of muskmelon facility Long term cultivation according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, the detailed process of step (4) is: after the 2nd batch of melon just fully expands, when the lateral bines of climing 7th ~ 15 joints of the 3rd batch of melon result are bloomed, select normotrophic female flower to carry out artificial supplementary pollination and promote bearing fruit of the 3rd batch of melon, and 1 ~ 2 true leaf pinching is stayed after the pollination female flower of lateral bine, result is climing pinches when growing to 18 ~ 22 leaf, and the lateral bine not tying melon is all extractd; 2nd batch of melon maturation is gathered afterwards in time, wipes out the always climing of result, 1 normotrophic maximum young melon of simultaneously selecting and remain on the 3rd result is climing.
6. the field management method of a kind of muskmelon facility Long term cultivation according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, 1 compound rich water is affixed by described in step (3), impose except swelling melon fertilizer in time except managing routinely, every mu is affixed by potassium sulfate compound fertilizer 5 ~ 6 kilograms, potassium sulfate 1 ~ 2 kilogram, then adds green rhythm and urge root and increase sweet punching and execute liquid 0.5 ~ 1 kilogram.
7. the field management method of a kind of muskmelon facility Long term cultivation according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, foliar application described in step (3) is, every mu of use 30 kilograms of clear water add nuclear energy element 200 ~ 300 grams, potassium dihydrogen phosphate 60 grams of foliage-sprays 1 time, or every mu of use 30 kilograms of clear water add nuclear energy element 200 ~ 300 grams, amino acid foliage fertilizer 60 ~ 90 grams of foliage-sprays 1 time.
8. the field management method of a kind of muskmelon facility Long term cultivation according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, 1 compound rich water is affixed by described in step (4), impose except swelling melon fertilizer in time except managing routinely, every mu is affixed by potassium sulfate compound fertilizer 5 kilograms, marine alga rushes fertilising 4 kilograms, then adds green rhythm and urge root and increase sweet punching and execute liquid 0.5 ~ 1 kilogram.
9. the field management method of a kind of muskmelon facility Long term cultivation according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, foliar application described in step (4) is, every mu of use 30 kilograms of clear water add nuclear energy element 200 ~ 300 grams, amino acid foliage fertilizer 60 ~ 90 grams of foliage-sprays 1 time; Or add nuclear energy element 200 ~ 300 grams, potassium dihydrogen phosphate 60 grams of foliage-sprays 1 time with 30 kilograms of clear water.
10. the field management method of a kind of muskmelon facility Long term cultivation according to claim 1, is characterized in that, the production of 4th ~ 5 batches of melons is identical with the production process of the 3rd batch of melon.
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| CN114946563A (en) * | 2022-05-27 | 2022-08-30 | 时创农业(上海)股份有限公司 | Pruning method for improving yield and quality of greenhouse cultivation of netted melons |
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