CN102907233B - One-seed multi-crop cultivation method of small fruit type watermelon - Google Patents

One-seed multi-crop cultivation method of small fruit type watermelon Download PDF

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CN102907233B
CN102907233B CN2012104383916A CN201210438391A CN102907233B CN 102907233 B CN102907233 B CN 102907233B CN 2012104383916 A CN2012104383916 A CN 2012104383916A CN 201210438391 A CN201210438391 A CN 201210438391A CN 102907233 B CN102907233 B CN 102907233B
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watermelon
climing
time
kilograms
small fruit
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CN102907233A (en
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肖光辉
梁志怀
李基光
阮万辉
王志伟
贺爱国
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INSTITUTE OF WATERMELON AND MELON OF HUNAN
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INSTITUTE OF WATERMELON AND MELON OF HUNAN
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Abstract

The invention discloses a one-seed multi-crop cultivation method of a small fruit type watermelon, relating to the technical field of watermelon cultivation. The one-seed multi-crop cultivation method comprises the following steps of: (1) selecting a small fruit type watermelon variety to carry out protected cultivation and using single-vine or double-vine type whole branch to carry out production; (2) immediately additionally fertilizing a compound fertilizer for one time after harvesting a watermelon so as to accelerate a plant root adventitious bud to grow out a new watermelon vine; (3) when the new germinated vine grows up to above 20 cm long, timely pruning an old fruited vine, carrying out foliar fertilization to accelerate the healthy and strong growth of a new watermelon vine and carrying out production and harvesting again; and (4) repeating operation steps (2) and (3) to carry out the production and harvesting of at least four crops of watermelons totally. According to the cultivation method, one-seed multi-crop can be realized, and the purposes of cultivation links decrease, high yield, high efficiency and long-season cultivation can be achieved.

Description

A kind of many crop cultivation methods of a kind of small fruit type watermelon
Technical field
The invention belongs to the cultivating watermelon technical field, be specifically related to a kind of many crop cultivation methods of a kind of small fruit type watermelon.
Background technology
Watermelon occupies the 4th in the large fruit in the world ten, occupy critical role in world's horticulture industry.China is the production and consumption big country of watermelon, watermelon year harvest area reach 221.25 ten thousand hectares, produce (the Sun Xiaowu more than 1/2 that area and consumption figure account for world's total amount, open aobvious, Ma Yue, etc. Chinese seedless watermelon research and application. Beijing: Chinese agriculture publishing house, 2009).So watermelon is as a kind of important high-efficiency and economic crop, in China's crop mix adjustment with promote farmer richness to play an important role in increasing income.
Watermelon is happiness temperature, happiness light, happiness water but is afraid of to wet, require dry, the crop of anti-stain not, undergrowth not only under the low temperature overcast and rainy day weather conditions, and also damage by disease and insect is caused harm seriously.If meet rainy weather in the phase of bearing fruit of blooming, the difficulty of bearing fruit, have a strong impact on the yield and quality of watermelon.Particularly China's In Middle And Lower Reaches of Changjiang River low temperature overcast and rainy day in early spring weather is many, and at the end of spring and the beginning of summer many heavy rains, have the plum rain season of 20~30 days mid or late June to mid-July, and continuous rainfall weather is many, and rainfall is concentrated, and air humidity is large; Not only have dry season weather It is the end of summer, just turning into autumn, and be multiple season of typhoon, and heavy rain is often arranged, and these climatic characteristics have had a strong impact on growing of outdoor cropping watermelon.So China's most areas had disadvantage in time over half in the growth of watermelon and yields positive results in the middle of 1 year, the having a big risk of common outdoor cropping, the output shakiness, poor quality, restricted the development of open country cultivating watermelon.Therefore, only sowing arranges one batch of open country cultivating watermelon to China's most areas in spring, and the listing phase of watermelon generally concentrates on July, and after the beginning of autumn, watermelon is less.Impact due to the restriction that is subjected to natural conditions and the traditional crops for rotation arrangement of watermelon production, often cause watermelon to concentrate a large amount of listings, incompatible with the market demand, seasonal selling pressure is large, cause between the planting scale of watermelon and economic benefit year border luffing larger, serious contusion numerous melon growers' enthusiasm for production.Thereby exploration watermelon anniversary production technology and long season culture technique, set up the production cultivation system of anniversary stable market supply, for giving full play to REGIONAL RESOURCES SUPERIORITY, evade and take precautions against the market risk, increase farmers' income, promote that the continual and steady sound development of watermelon industry is significant.
The facility cultivations such as booth not only can overcome the unfavourable weather condition of outdoor cropping, and can shift to an earlier date field planting carry out precocity or special ealy maturing culture early stage, later stage can be carried out the autumn delayed cultivation, extends the watermelon supply phase, reaches high yield, stable yields, high-quality, efficient purpose.The small fruit type watermelon is stronger than common watermelon to the adaptability of environment, and its characteristic main manifestations that grows is: branchiness is strong, female flower occur early and give birth to closely, easily bear fruit; Fruit shape is little, and fruit development period is short, and under the thermophilic condition of 25 ℃~30 ℃, female flower is open into fruit maturation and only needs about 25 days, more common early mature watermelon kind 7~10 days ahead of time; The capacity of fruit nutrient input is little, and little to plant idiotrophic growth effect, the periodicity of result is not obvious, continue bearing capacity strong (Xiao Guanghui, Liu Jianxiong. small fruit type cultivating watermelon technology. Changsha: Hunan science tech publishing house, 2010).Because the breeding time of small fruit type watermelon is shorter, wide adaptability, can grow in Various Seasonal, so planting form can be varied.Xiao Guanghui to the ratooning technology of small fruit type watermelon carried out inquiring into (Xiao Guanghui. small fruit type watermelon facility in early spring ratooning technology. the Changjiang river vegetables, 2011 (1): 13-15), the contribution of this research is, small fruit type watermelon facility cultivation in early spring, the 1st batch of watermelon wiped out always climing at plant base portion 4~5 joint places after gathering, by watering and topdress in time, impel indefinite bud that the plant base portion hides to sprout to grow new melon climing, obtained a kind of effect of two stubbles; Its defect is, this ratooning technology climing owing to after at watermelon, gathering, wiping out always at once, the growth balanced relation of the acrial part of watermelon plant and under ground portion is destroyed suddenly, the aging of root system is accelerated, its growth descends with absorbing capacity, cause the indefinite bud that watermelon plant base portion is hidden to sprout slow, a little less than the indefinite growing way of overgrowing of pumping, some indivedual old and feeble plant is dead even ahead of time, can not pumping indefinite climing and root and stem of certain plants phenomenon occurs lacking, so the output of this unripe watermelon again is more a lot of than yielding poorly of first planting melon.In addition, this ratooning technology has only realized a kind of two stubble.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention is to, the characteristic of growing according to the small fruit type watermelon, utilize the indefinite bud of watermelon plant base portion to be easy to repeatedly the indefinite climing characteristics of pumping, by rational rich water quality management and plant method of adjustment, provide the cultivation method of a kind of many batches of a kind of small fruit type watermelon, the purpose of reach minimizing cultivation link, extend the watermelon supply phase, highly efficient and productive, long season is cultivated.
A kind of many crop cultivation methods of a kind of small fruit type watermelon comprise the following steps:
(1) select the small fruit type variety of watermelon to carry out facility cultivation, adopt single climing formula or two climing formula training to produce;
(2) the watermelon rear horse back of gathering imposes compound rich water 1 time, promotes plant base portion indefinite bud to sprout to grow new melon climing;
(3) when the new climing length of pumping is more than 20 centimetres, wipe out in time the always climing of result, carry out the stalwartness growth that foliar application promotes that new melon is climing, again produce and gather;
(4) repetitive operation step (2), (3) are altogether carried out at least the production of 4 batches of melons and are gathered.
The described small fruit type variety of watermelon of step (1) is that single melon weighs the variety of watermelon of 1.5~2 kilograms; Comprise: early spring carbuncle, Jin Fu, cherub, take bit, red little jade, Huang Xiaoyu.
The described facility cultivation of step (1) is to adopt plastic tunnel or attached-greenhouse to cultivate.
In step (3), when the new climing length of pumping was more than 20 centimetres, 1~2 stalwartness of selecting and remain was newly climing, and wiped out in time the always climing of result.(retain 1 new climing i.e. single climing formula training, retain 2 new climing i.e. two climing formula trainings)
Said method also has the operation of further optimizing as follows:
The production process of the 2nd batch of melon comprises: the first planting melon rear horse back of gathering imposes compound rich water 1 time, and compound rich water comprises: execute 5~6 kilograms of potassium sulfate compound fertilizers, 1~2 kilogram of potassium sulphate for every mu, then add 0.5 kilogram of Cui Kangchong fertilising; When the new climing length of pumping is more than 20 centimetres, wipe out in time the always climing of result, 1~2 stalwartness of selecting and remain is newly climing, and carries out foliar application; Foliar application comprises: 15 kilograms of clear water of every mu of use add nuclear energy element 100~150 grams, potassium dihydrogen phosphate 30 grams spray 1 time, every 7~10 days more every mu with 30 kilograms, clear water, add biphosphate potassium 60~90 grams and spray 1 time; Perhaps 15 kilograms of clear water of every mu of use add nuclear energy element 100~150 grams, amino acid foliage fertilizer 30~45 grams spray 1 time, every 7~10 days more every mu with 30 kilograms, clear water, add biphosphate potassium 60~90 grams and spray 1 time.
The production process of the 3rd batch of melon comprises: the 2nd batch of melon rear horse back of gathering imposes compound rich water 1 time, and compound rich water comprises: execute 5 kilograms of potassium sulfate compound fertilizers, 4 kilograms of marine alga punching fertilisings, then add 0.5 kilogram of Cui Kangchong fertilising for every mu; When the new climing length of pumping is more than 20 centimetres, wipe out in time the always climing of result, 1~2 stalwartness of selecting and remain is newly climing, and carries out foliar application; Foliar application comprises: 15 kilograms of clear water of every mu of use add nuclear energy element 100~150 grams, potassium dihydrogen phosphate 30 grams spray 1 time, and 30 kilograms of clear water of every mu of use added nuclear energy element 200~300 grams again every 7~10 days, amino acid foliage fertilizer 60~90 grams spray 1 time.
The production of the 4th batch of melon is identical with the production process of the 3rd batch of melon.
The present invention has following good effect: a kind of many crop cultivation methods of small fruit type watermelon, be not as common watermelon ratooning, wipe out always after watermelon is gathered at once climing, break the growth balanced relation of acrial part and the under ground portion of watermelon plant suddenly, but after gathering, supplements in time watermelon rich water, the indefinite bud of hiding Deng the plant base portion is sprouted and is grown new melon and wipe out always after climing climing again, can not accelerate like this aging of watermelon root system, the growth of root system and absorbing capacity can obviously not descend.Simultaneously, supplement plant nutrition by reasonable supplement rich water and foliage-spray high-efficiency foliage fertilizer, the indefinite bud that watermelon plant base portion is hidden is sprouted soon, the indefinite growing way of overgrowing of pumping is strong, fast growth.So the yield and quality of this regeneration watermelon and first planting melon no significant difference, and can accomplish a kind of many batches, the purpose of reach minimizing cultivation link, extend the watermelon supply phase, highly efficient and productive, long season is cultivated.
Figure of description
Fig. 1 is the watermelon growing way of the inventive method cultivation and the situation map of bearing fruit.
Embodiment
There is following embodiment to be described in detail essence of the present invention, and can not limit the present invention.
Embodiment 1
(1) selection adaptation is strong, tolerance to low temperature and weak light, easily bear fruit, commodity is good, not early ageing, single melon weighs the high-quality small fruit type early mature watermelon kind of 1.5~2 kilograms, as the carbuncle in early spring, Jin Fu, the cherub, take bit, red little jade, Huang Xiaoyu etc., adopt the facility cultivations such as attached-greenhouse of plastic tunnel or good heat insulating, generally in plastic mulching field planting mid-February to mid-March, the plantation density that climing cultivation is hung in single climing formula training is every mu of 1200~1500 strains, two climing formula trainings plantation density of cultivation are every mu of 500~700 strains with climbing, carry out according to a conventional method the production of first planting melon.(2) greatly after first planting mid-May melon is gathered, impose 1 time compound rich water at once, execute 5~6 kilograms of potassium sulfate compound fertilizers for every mu, 1~2 kilogram of potassium sulphate, add again Cui Kangchong fertilising (a kind of commercial fertilizer, what the present invention selected is that the photosynthetic Co., Ltd of Britain's Hydro produces, domesticly have many companies packing to sell) 0.5 kilogram, fertilizer is first used respectively a small amount of water-soluble solution, after mixing again to clear water approximately 1500 kilograms drench the root and stem of certain plants, fertilizer after perhaps dissolving adds in irrigation water and adopts fertigation, it is climing that the indefinite bud sprouting that supplementary plant nutrition is hidden with promotion plant base portion grows new melon.(3) when the new climing length of plant base portion pumping is more than 20 centimetres, 1~2 stalwartness of selecting and remain is newly climing, wipe out in time the always climing of result, clean rural area, 15 kilograms of clear water of every mu of use add a nuclear energy element (plant growth regulators, the Zhengzhou mark allusion quotation chemical industry Co., Ltd that is that the present invention selects produces) 100~150 grams, potassium dihydrogen phosphate 30 gram foliage-spray 1 time, every 7~10 days more every mu with 30 kilograms, clear water, add biphosphate potassium 60~90 gram foliage-spray 1 time; Perhaps 15 kilograms of clear water of every mu of use add nuclear energy element 100~150 grams, amino acid foliage fertilizer (a kind of commodity foliage fertilizer, the logical Microbial Technics Ltd in Shanghai that is that the present invention selects produces) 30~45 gram foliage-spray 1 time, every 7~10 days more every mu with 30 kilograms, clear water, add biphosphate potassium 60~90 gram foliage-spray 1 time, to promote the growth of the climing stalwartness of new melon; And the reinforcement rich water quality management, adopt single climing formula training (hanging climing cultivation) or two climing formula training (cultivation) to carry out according to a conventional method the production of the 2nd batch of melon with climbing.(4) greatly after early July, the 2nd batch of melon gathered, impose 1 time compound rich water at once, execute 5 kilograms of potassium sulfate compound fertilizers, marine alga punching fertilising (a kind of commodity semiorganic compound fertilizer material for every mu, the Qingdao Mingyue Marine Alga Group Corp., Ltd. that is that the present invention selects produces) 4 kilograms, add again 0.5 kilogram of Cui Kangchong fertilising, fertilizer is first used respectively a small amount of water-soluble solution, after mixing again to clear water approximately 1500 kilograms drench the root and stem of certain plants, fertilizer after perhaps dissolving adds in irrigation water and adopts fertigation, to promote the indefinite climing regeneration of watermelon plant base portion.(5) when the plant base portion when the new climing length of pumping is more than 20 centimetres again, 1~2 stalwartness of selecting and remain is newly climing, wipe out the always climing of result, in time clean rural area, 15 kilograms of clear water of every mu of use add nuclear energy element 100~150 grams, potassium dihydrogen phosphate 30 gram foliage-spray 1 time, 30 kilograms of clear water of every mu of use added nuclear energy element 200~300 grams, amino acid foliage fertilizer 60~90 gram foliage-spray 1 time again every 7~10 days, with the stalwartness growth that promotes that new melon is climing; And the reinforcement rich water quality management, adopt single climing formula training (hanging climing cultivation) or two climing formula training (cultivation) to carry out according to a conventional method the production of the 3rd batch of melon with climbing.(6) greatly after late August, the 3rd batch of melon gathered, with reference to the method for step (4), (5), carry out the production of the 4th batch of melon, the 4th batch of melon of can gathering in by the end of October, adopt the facility of good heat insulating or can also carry out the production of the 5th batch of melon in area preferably at weather conditions.Adopt a kind of many crop cultivation methods of above-mentioned small fruit type watermelon, the 1st batch of melon output that climing cultivation is hung in single climing formula training is generally 1800~2200 kilograms every mu, the 2nd batch of melon output is generally 1900~2400 kilograms every mu, the 3rd batch of melon output is generally 1700~2200 kilograms every mu, the 4th batch of melon output is generally 1500~2100 kilograms every mu, the output of a kind of 4 batches is generally 6900~8900 kilograms every mu, the quality no significant difference between each batch watermelon.The plant growing way that climing cultivation is hung in single climing formula training is shown in accompanying drawing with the situation of bearing fruit.

Claims (8)

1. a kind of many crop cultivation methods of small fruit type watermelon, is characterized in that, comprises the following steps:
(1) select the small fruit type variety of watermelon to carry out facility cultivation, adopt single climing formula or two climing formula training to produce;
(2) the watermelon rear horse back of gathering imposes compound rich water 1 time, promotes plant base portion indefinite bud to sprout to grow new melon climing;
(3) when the new climing length of pumping is more than 20 centimetres, wipe out in time the always climing of result, carry out the stalwartness growth that foliar application promotes that new melon is climing, again produce and gather;
(4) repetitive operation step (2), (3) are altogether carried out at least the production of 4 batches of melons and are gathered.
2. a kind of many crop cultivation methods of small fruit type watermelon according to claim 1, is characterized in that, the described small fruit type variety of watermelon of step (1) is that single melon weighs the variety of watermelon of 1.5~2 kilograms.
3. a kind of many crop cultivation methods of small fruit type watermelon according to claim 2, is characterized in that, the described small fruit type variety of watermelon of step (1) comprises: early spring carbuncle, Jin Fu, cherub, take bit, red little jade, Huang Xiaoyu.
4. a kind of many crop cultivation methods of small fruit type watermelon according to claim 1, is characterized in that, the described facility cultivation of step (1) is to adopt plastic tunnel or attached-greenhouse to cultivate.
5. a kind of many crop cultivation methods of small fruit type watermelon according to claim 1, is characterized in that, in step (3), when the new climing length of pumping was more than 20 centimetres, 1~2 stalwartness of selecting and remain was newly climing, and wipe out in time the always climing of result.
6. according to a kind of many crop cultivation methods of the described small fruit type watermelon of claim 1~5 any one, it is characterized in that, the production process of the 2nd batch of melon comprises: the first planting melon rear horse back of gathering imposes compound rich water 1 time, compound rich water comprises: execute 5~6 kilograms of potassium sulfate compound fertilizers, 1~2 kilogram of potassium sulphate for every mu, then add 0.5 kilogram of Cui Kangchong fertilising; When the new climing length of pumping is more than 20 centimetres, wipe out in time the always climing of result, 1~2 stalwartness of selecting and remain is newly climing, and carries out foliar application; Foliar application comprises: 15 kilograms of clear water of every mu of use add nuclear energy element 100~150 grams, potassium dihydrogen phosphate 30 grams spray 1 time, every 7~10 days more every mu with 30 kilograms, clear water, add biphosphate potassium 60~90 grams and spray 1 time; Perhaps 15 kilograms of clear water of every mu of use add nuclear energy element 100~150 grams, amino acid foliage fertilizer 30~45 grams spray 1 time, every 7~10 days more every mu with 30 kilograms, clear water, add biphosphate potassium 60~90 grams and spray 1 time.
7. according to a kind of many crop cultivation methods of the described small fruit type watermelon of claim 1~5 any one, it is characterized in that, the production process of the 3rd batch of melon comprises: the 2nd batch of melon rear horse back of gathering imposes compound rich water 1 time, compound rich water comprises: execute 5 kilograms of potassium sulfate compound fertilizers, 4 kilograms of marine alga punching fertilisings, then add 0.5 kilogram of Cui Kangchong fertilising for every mu; When the new climing length of pumping is more than 20 centimetres, wipe out in time the always climing of result, 1~2 stalwartness of selecting and remain is newly climing, and carries out foliar application; Foliar application comprises: 15 kilograms of clear water of every mu of use add nuclear energy element 100~150 grams, potassium dihydrogen phosphate 30 grams spray 1 time, and 30 kilograms of clear water of every mu of use added nuclear energy element 200~300 grams again every 7~10 days, amino acid foliage fertilizer 60~90 grams spray 1 time.
8. a kind of many crop cultivation methods of small fruit type watermelon according to claim 7, is characterized in that, the production of the 4th batch of melon is identical with the production process of the 3rd batch of melon.
CN2012104383916A 2012-11-06 2012-11-06 One-seed multi-crop cultivation method of small fruit type watermelon Expired - Fee Related CN102907233B (en)

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CN104106358B (en) * 2014-06-30 2017-01-11 武汉市农业科学研究所 Cultivation method for sowing greenhouse watermelons one time and harvesting many batches of watermelons in one year
CN104541845A (en) * 2014-11-28 2015-04-29 太和县马集乡李胜村树森种植专业合作社 Cultivation method for multi-cropping watermelon
CN104823673B (en) * 2015-05-18 2017-03-08 湖南省农业信息与工程研究所 A kind of Plant adjustment method of muskmelon Long term cultivation
CN107535283A (en) * 2016-06-23 2018-01-05 镇江三龙生态农业发展有限公司 A kind of cultural method of anti-season watermelon
CN108990719A (en) * 2018-07-04 2018-12-14 上海红义蔬果种植专业合作社 A kind of watermelon solid posture cultural method
CN109548587A (en) * 2018-12-04 2019-04-02 青岛创世种子技术有限公司 A kind of the Northwest meets the greenhouse cultivation method of year-round supply small watermelon
CN115067205A (en) * 2022-07-13 2022-09-20 宁夏农林科学院园艺研究所(宁夏设施农业工程技术研究中心) Seed production method for watermelons by one-harvest and two-harvest and application
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CN102246653B (en) * 2011-06-03 2013-06-12 侯国权 Cultivation technology of multi-fruit high-yield large watermelon

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