CN111631031A - Seedling raising method for grafting double-stem seedlings on muskmelon - Google Patents

Seedling raising method for grafting double-stem seedlings on muskmelon Download PDF

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Publication number
CN111631031A
CN111631031A CN202010519142.4A CN202010519142A CN111631031A CN 111631031 A CN111631031 A CN 111631031A CN 202010519142 A CN202010519142 A CN 202010519142A CN 111631031 A CN111631031 A CN 111631031A
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double
seedlings
grafted
melon
grafting
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CN111631031B (en
Inventor
张伟丽
高中强
王希波
李炜蔷
韩亚楠
张祺恺
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Shandong Agriculture Technology Popularization Master Station
Shandong Weili Seedling Co ltd
Shandong Weili Seedling Science Research Institute
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Shandong Agriculture Technology Popularization Master Station
Shandong Weili Seedling Co ltd
Shandong Weili Seedling Science Research Institute
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    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01GHORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G2/00Vegetative propagation
    • A01G2/30Grafting
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01GHORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G22/00Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
    • A01G22/05Fruit crops, e.g. strawberries, tomatoes or cucumbers

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  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Botany (AREA)
  • Environmental Sciences (AREA)
  • Developmental Biology & Embryology (AREA)
  • Cultivation Of Plants (AREA)

Abstract

The invention discloses a seedling raising method for grafting double-stem seedlings on melons, which comprises the following steps: s1 grafting the melon scion onto the stock in a double-root-cutting mode, and cutting the grafted seedling into a matrix to enable the grafted seedling to root again; s2, when the grafted seedling grows to two leaves and one heart, topping the melon scion and growing 2 growing points again from the axils of the true leaves; when the new growing point grows to 0.35-0.65cm, the inhibitor with lower concentration is used for treating, and the double stems are promoted to be uniformly dried to obtain double-stem sweet melon seedlings. Because the double trunks grow uniformly, the field management of the double trunks is not different from that of common plants, field planting is carried out according to the common field management, and then the field management is carried out according to the common field management, so that the obtained double trunks are uniform in fruit and good in quality; the fruiting rate of the double-root and double-stem seedlings at the same time is higher than the yield of a single plant, the quality of the double-root and double-stem seedlings is not inferior to that of single grafted seedlings, and the yield is greatly improved on the premise of reducing the seedling raising cost.

Description

Seedling raising method for grafting double-stem seedlings on muskmelon
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of seedling culture, and particularly relates to a seedling culture method for double-stem seedlings of melons.
Background
Melons are important commercial crops. In the prior art, root-cutting grafting of melons belongs to a common seedling raising method; scion adopts whole branch grafting, then branches and tendrils are trimmed on field management after field planting, old tendrils with fruits are cut off along with the ripe melons, and the branches are trimmed and the fruits are left after new tendrils are sent out, so that double-tendrils or multi-tendrils are set; however, the quality of the result is not uniform because the double vines or the multiple vines are divided into primary and secondary branches in the growth process; and as old vines are directly cut off after melon harvest, the growth balance relationship between the overground part and the underground part of the plant is suddenly destroyed, so that the aging of the root system of the melon is accelerated, the growth and absorption capacity of the melon is reduced, the latent adventitious buds at the base of the melon plant germinate slowly, the growing vigor of the extracted adventitious vines is weak, some individual aged plants even die in advance, the adventitious vines cannot be extracted, the root deficiency phenomenon occurs, the yield of the fresh melon is low, and the quality is poor.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a seedling raising method for grafting double-stem seedlings on melons, which can solve one or more of the technical problems.
In order to achieve the purpose, the technical scheme provided by the invention is as follows:
the seedling raising method for grafting the melon with the double-stem seedlings comprises the following steps:
s1 grafting the melon scion onto the stock in a double-root-cutting mode, and cutting the grafted seedling into a matrix to enable the grafted seedling to root again;
s2, when the grafted seedling grows to two leaves and one heart, topping the melon scion and growing 2 growing points again from the axils of the true leaves; when the new growing point grows to 0.35-0.65cm, the double stems are promoted to be evenly dried by treating with a low-concentration inhibitor to obtain double-stem sweet melon seedlings.
In the invention, by improving the grafting method, topping is carried out after grafting of the scion seedlings, and intervention is carried out on a newly grown growing point, so that the scion seedlings grow into double-stem uniform grafted seedlings.
The double stems of the grafted seedlings grow equivalently through intervention, so that the uniformity of fruit setting is effectively guaranteed, and the quality of the fruits is guaranteed to be the same.
Further: the inhibitor is paclobutrazol, and the concentration is 10-50 ppm.
Further: and further comprises the following steps of healing period management of the grafted seedlings: 3 days before S11, the air humidity is maintained at 94-96%, the daytime temperature is controlled at 26-28 ℃, and the nighttime temperature is controlled at 20-22 ℃; the illumination intensity is not more than 5000 lux; in normal conditions, new roots can be seen within 3 days;
s12 day 4-6, the air humidity is kept at 90% -93%, the daytime temperature is controlled at 26 ℃ -28 ℃, the nighttime temperature is controlled at 20 ℃ -22 ℃, and the illumination intensity is not more than 10000 lux;
s13, on 7 th to 9 th days, keeping the air humidity at 80% -85%, keeping the daytime temperature not more than 30 ℃ and the nighttime temperature not less than 18 ℃, gradually enhancing the illumination until the water-soluble fertilizer is not wilted, and supplementing the macroelement water-soluble fertilizer once, wherein the concentration is 1000 ppm;
after S14 is completely healed, normal management is resumed.
Further: and the method also comprises the following steps of post-survival management: s21, after the grafting survives, picking out the seedlings which cannot survive in time, and combining and thinning the seedlings in time to avoid infecting germs;
s22, the temperature is not more than 35 ℃ in the daytime and not less than 15 ℃ at night;
s23, keeping the illumination intensity below 80000 lux;
s24 watering for 1 time every 2-3 days, wherein fertilizing water for 2 times and cleaning water for 1 time are alternately carried out; the fertilizer water concentration is not increased after being increased to 2000 ppm.
Further: the root cutting standard of the rootstock in the step S1 is that the rootstock has 1 leaf and 1 heart, the hypocotyl is 0.3-0.4cm thick, and the height of the hypocotyl is 5-7 cm.
Further: the qualified standard of the scion grafting seedlings in the step S1 is 1 leaf and 1 heart, the hypocotyl thickness is 0.12-0.25cm, and the hypocotyl height is 4-5 cm.
Further: the grafting method described in step S1 employs a top grafting method. Has wide application and good disease prevention effect.
In the process of obtaining the double-stem muskmelon seedling, the management of the healing period of the grafted seedling and the management of the grafted seedling after the grafted seedling is completely healed in the later period are carried out, the management mode is not limited, and the parameters can be adjusted according to the variety and the growth condition so as to improve the survival rate of the grafted seedling.
The invention has the technical effects that:
the double stems of the scions have the advantages of saving the seed cost, facilitating the management and reducing the labor amount; and two tendrils of the double-stem seedlings grow uniformly, the uniformity is higher than that of pruning and melon making of the double tendrils, and the fruit quality is stable.
The invention greatly improves the yield on the premise of reducing the seedling raising cost.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in detail below in terms of specific embodiments throughout the process from the pre-grafting stage to the field planting of fruit seedlings, wherein the exemplary embodiments and descriptions are only intended to illustrate the present invention, but should not be construed as unduly limiting the present invention.
It should be noted that the embodiments and features of the embodiments in the present application may be combined with each other without conflict.
The invention discloses a post-management method from a seedling raising field to grafted seedlings, which comprises the following specific steps of:
firstly, preparation work in the early stage of grafting mainly comprises the following preparation work:
(a) the seedling raising field environment meets the NY/T2442 requirement.
(b) Preparation of facilities and equipment
The seedlings can be cultivated by using plastic houses, sunlight greenhouses, multi-span greenhouses, artificial climate rooms and other facilities according to different seasons. The seedlings are cultured in summer and autumn by insect-proof and shading equipment, and the seedlings are cultured in winter and spring by heating and heat-preserving equipment. The standard plug tray with 32 holes and 50 holes is preferably selected.
(c) Disinfection of greenhouse
In summer, a high-temperature shed-closing method can be adopted, and the high-temperature shed-closing time is 10-15 days. Potassium permanganate and formalin can also be used for disinfection, and 1.65kg of potassium permanganate, 1.65L of formalin and 8.4kg of boiling water are used in a greenhouse of 666.7m 2. Formalin is added into boiling water, potassium permanganate is added, and smog reaction is generated at 3-4 points. And (5) ventilating after sealing for 48h, and using after the smell is completely diffused.
(d) Sterilizing the tray
Soaking the seedling tray in 1000 times of potassium permanganate solution for 20min, taking out, and washing with clear water for later use. The new plug can be used directly.
(e) Preparation and tray loading of seedling culture medium
The stock scion cultivation matrix is prepared from high-quality grass carbon, vermiculite and perlite according to a volume ratio of 7:2:1 in summer, 7:1:2 in winter and a root cutting matrix according to a volume ratio of 4:2: 1.
Then adding 1 kg-2 kg of nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium ternary compound fertilizer (15-15-15) and 150g of 50% carbendazim wettable powder into per cubic meter, adjusting the water content to 50% -60% and the pH value to 5.8-7.5, uniformly stirring, filling into a hole tray, slightly pressing and trowelling. The matrix is used according with the NY/T2118 requirement.
(f) Is the variety selection of scions and rootstocks
The scion variety meets the market commercial requirement. High disease resistance, high stress resistance, high yield and high quality.
The stock variety has good grafting affinity, strong symbiosis, root disease resistance, no death, vigorous growth and small influence on quality, such as pumpkin.
Secondly, after the grafting preparation work is finished, the process of obtaining the scions and the rootstocks is carried out:
(a) the selected scion and stock seeds are treated
The seeds were subjected to dry heat treatment at 75 ℃ for 72 hours. The treated seeds are soaked in 0.1 percent potassium permanganate solution for 10min at normal temperature, washed clean and dried for sowing.
(b) Seeding of scion seeds
The scions are sowed in 200-hole trays, either manually or mechanically, the sowing depth is preferably 1.0-1.2 cm, 1-grain seeding is carried out in each hole, a disinfection substrate (vermiculite: perlite: 3:1) is covered after seeding, and the grid lines of the hole trays are clearly exposed by scraping with a flat plate. Watering after seeding till the water content is 65-70%.
(c) Seeding of rootstock seeds
The parental stock is sown 2-3 days later than the scion, a 32 or 50-hole tray is adopted, manual sowing or mechanical sowing can be adopted, the sowing depth is preferably 1.5-2.0 cm, 3 grains are sown in each hole, a disinfection substrate (vermiculite: perlite: 3:1) is covered after sowing, a flat plate is used for scraping, and grid lines of the hole tray are clearly exposed. Watering after seeding till the water content is 65-70%.
(d) Accelerating germination of the sown seeds
Placing the hole tray of the scion and the hole tray of the stock in a germination accelerating chamber for accelerating germination, keeping the temperature at 28-30 ℃ and the air humidity at about 95%, transferring the hole trays into a facility after germination for 1d-3d, and regularly placing the hole trays in a seedbed and covering a layer of mulching film. The temperature in the daytime is not more than 32 ℃, preferably 28-30 ℃; the temperature at night is not lower than 18 ℃, preferably 20-22 ℃. After 60% of the seeds come out of the soil, the film is removed and the water is sprayed once.
Thirdly, after the stock seedlings and the grafted seedlings emerge, performing seedling stage management before grafting
(a) During the period from the emergence of the seedling to the growth of the 1 st true leaf, the water content of the substrate is kept between 50 and 70 percent. The temperature in the daytime is not more than 32 ℃, preferably 25-28 ℃. The temperature is not lower than 15 ℃ at night. Preferably 18 ℃ to 20 ℃.
After the first true leaf grows out, the water content of the substrate is kept between 50 and 70 percent. The temperature in the daytime is not more than 35 ℃, preferably 28-30 ℃. The temperature at night is not lower than 13 ℃. The temperature is preferably 15-17 ℃ and varies according to the variety.
The first fertilizer water is used during cotyledon development, a balance type macroelement water-soluble fertilizer with the concentration of 750ppm is adopted, then the fertilizer water concentration is increased by 100ppm-150ppm every time along with the growth of seedlings, clear water is used once every two times, and balance type and low-phosphorus type fertilizers are alternately used. The fertilizer application meets the requirements of NY/T496 and NY 1107.
(b) Stock and scion form suitable for grafting
The rootstock has 1 leaf and 1 heart, the hypocotyl is 0.3-0.4cm thick, and the height of the hypocotyl is 5-7 cm.
The scion has 1 leaf and 1 heart, the hypocotyl is 0.12-0.25cm thick, and the height of the hypocotyl is 4-5 cm.
(c) Preparation before grafting
Before grafting, spraying fertilizer and water on the stock and the scion, and controlling the water content of the matrix to 70-75%. Meanwhile, spraying sterilizing and pesticide.
Before grafting, 50 holes are coiled with a matrix, the matrix is watered until the relative water content of the matrix is 80-85%, and the film is covered to preserve moisture. Meanwhile, grafting tools such as a grafting table, a grafting stick, a blade and the like are sterilized by 75 percent medical alcohol.
Fourthly, after the preparation work from one to three is finished, grafting by a formal double-root cutting grafting method
(a) The rootstock is cut off horizontally from the bottom by a blade, and the length of the hypocotyl is kept to be 5.0-7.0 cm.
Removing main leaves and growing points of the stock seedlings;
the left hand holds the stock, cotyledon is downward, hypocotyl is upward, a hole is obliquely punched at the base part of the cotyledon section at the other side close to the outer side of the base part of the true leaf petiole of the stock by using the special grafting label, the inclined plane of the grafting label is upward, the stock skin is slightly punctured, and the depth of the hole is about 0.5-0.8 cm.
(b) And (3) taking the grafted seedlings, and beveling a wedge surface with the length of 0.5-0.8 cm at the position of 0.5cm below the cotyledon by using a blade, wherein the length is approximately the same as the depth of the stock jack.
The grafting stick is pulled out from the stock, the scion is quickly inserted into the jack of the stock, and the tip of the cutting surface of the scion is slightly exposed.
(c) After grafting is finished, cutting roots of grafted seedlings immediately, inserting the grafted seedlings into 50-hole plug trays filled with the matrix (also called back planting), wherein the cutting depth is preferably 2.0-3.0 cm, and covering films in time for heat preservation and moisture preservation treatment.
(d) Double stem harvesting of scions
(d1) 3 days before the healing period, the air humidity is kept at 94-96%, the daytime temperature is controlled at 26-28 ℃, and the nighttime temperature is controlled at 20-22 ℃. The illumination intensity is not more than 5000 lux. In normal conditions, new roots are observed within 3 days.
On the 4 th to 6 th days, the air humidity is kept between 90 and 93 percent, the temperature is controlled between 26 and 28 ℃ in the daytime and between 20 and 22 ℃ at night. The illumination intensity is not more than 10000 lux.
On 7-9 days, the air humidity is kept at 80-85%, the temperature in the daytime is not more than 30 ℃, and the temperature at night is not less than 18 ℃. Gradually increasing the illumination until the disease does not wilt. And supplementing the macroelement water-soluble fertilizer once, wherein the concentration is 1000 ppm.
After complete healing, normal management is resumed.
(d2) After the grafting survives, the seedlings which do not survive are picked out in time, and are coiled and diluted in time, so that the infection of germs is avoided.
The temperature in the daytime is not more than 35 ℃, and the temperature at night is not less than 15 ℃.
The illumination intensity was kept below 80000 lux.
Watering for 1 time every 2-3 days, wherein fertilizing water for 2 times and cleaning water for 1 time are alternately carried out. The fertilizer water concentration is not increased after being increased to 2000 ppm.
(d3) When the scion at the top of the grafted seedling grows to two leaves and one heart (no more than three leaves and one heart), the top of the melon grafted seedling is knocked, and 2 growing points are generated again at the axilla of the leaf. After topping and when the growing point grows to 0.5cm, spraying 30ppm paclobutrazol leaf surfaces to promote even growth of double stems.
The other management refers to (d2) management.
After the double-stem grafted seedlings are obtained, field planting is carried out according to general field management, then field management is carried out according to common field management, and the obtained double-stem seedlings are uniform in fruit and good in quality; the fruiting rate of double-root and double-stem at the same time is higher than that of single plant, and the quality is not inferior to that of single plant grafted seedlings.
The double trunks are uniform in growth, so that the field management of the double trunks is the same as that of common plants, and the double trunk seedlings are convenient and simple in field management.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention, and various modifications and changes may be made by those skilled in the art. Any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (7)

1. The seedling raising method for grafting the melon with the double-stem seedlings is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method comprises the following steps:
s1 grafting the melon scion onto the stock in a double-root-cutting mode, and cutting the grafted seedling into a matrix to enable the grafted seedling to root again; s2, when the grafted seedling grows to two leaves and one heart, topping the melon scion and growing 2 growing points again from the leaf axils; when the new growing point grows to 0.35-0.65cm, the double stems are promoted to be evenly dried by treating with a low-concentration inhibitor to obtain double-stem sweet melon seedlings.
2. The seedling raising method for melon grafted double-stem seedlings according to claim 1, characterized by comprising the following steps: the inhibitor is paclobutrazol, and the concentration is 10-50 ppm.
3. The seedling raising method for melon grafted double-stem seedlings according to claim 1, characterized by comprising the following steps: and further comprises the following steps of healing period management of the grafted seedlings:
3 days before S11, the air humidity is maintained at 94-96%, the daytime temperature is controlled at 26-28 ℃, and the nighttime temperature is controlled at 20-22 ℃; the illumination intensity is not more than 5000 lux;
s12 day 4-6, the air humidity is kept at 90% -93%, the daytime temperature is controlled at 26 ℃ -28 ℃, the nighttime temperature is controlled at 20 ℃ -22 ℃, and the illumination intensity is not more than 10000 lux;
s13, on 7 th to 9 th days, keeping the air humidity at 80% -85%, keeping the daytime temperature not more than 30 ℃ and the nighttime temperature not less than 18 ℃, gradually enhancing the illumination until the water-soluble fertilizer is not wilted, and supplementing the macroelement water-soluble fertilizer once, wherein the concentration is 1000 ppm;
after S14 is completely healed, normal management is resumed.
4. The seedling raising method for melon grafted double-stem seedlings according to claim 1 or 3, characterized in that: and the method also comprises the following steps of post-survival management:
s21, after the grafting survives, picking out the seedlings which cannot survive in time, and combining and thinning the seedlings in time to avoid infecting germs;
s22, the temperature is not more than 35 ℃ in the daytime and not less than 15 ℃ at night;
s23, keeping the illumination intensity below 80000 lux;
s24 watering for 1 time every 2-3 days, wherein fertilizing water for 2 times and cleaning water for 1 time are alternately carried out; the fertilizer water concentration is not increased after being increased to 2000 ppm.
5. The seedling raising method for melon grafted double-stem seedlings according to claim 1, characterized by comprising the following steps: the root cutting standard of the rootstock in the step S1 is that the rootstock has 1 leaf and 1 heart, the hypocotyl is 0.3-0.4cm thick, and the height of the hypocotyl is 5-7 cm.
6. The seedling raising method for melon grafted double-stem seedlings according to claim 1, characterized by comprising the following steps: the qualified standard of the scion grafting seedlings in the step S1 is 1 leaf and 1 heart, the hypocotyl thickness is 0.12-0.25cm, and the hypocotyl height is 4-5 cm.
7. The seedling raising method for melon grafted double-stem seedlings according to claim 1, characterized by comprising the following steps: the grafting method described in step S1 employs a top grafting method.
CN202010519142.4A 2020-06-09 2020-06-09 Seedling raising method for grafting double-stem seedlings on melons Active CN111631031B (en)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN1778160A (en) * 2004-11-19 2006-05-31 上海源怡种苗有限公司 Graft seedling growth for watermelon and muskmelon
CN104012310A (en) * 2014-06-25 2014-09-03 湖南省农业信息与工程研究所 Method for grafting and raising a seedling of melon
CN104186152A (en) * 2014-08-20 2014-12-10 山东省潍坊市农业科学院 Tomato intensification seedling cultivating technology
JP2020068710A (en) * 2018-10-31 2020-05-07 国立大学法人名古屋大学 Rootstock for tomato which can be used for improving tomato fruit sugar content and/or stress resistance

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