CN111108933B - Cultivation method of ornamental pumpkin complex - Google Patents
Cultivation method of ornamental pumpkin complex Download PDFInfo
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- CN111108933B CN111108933B CN201911251488.4A CN201911251488A CN111108933B CN 111108933 B CN111108933 B CN 111108933B CN 201911251488 A CN201911251488 A CN 201911251488A CN 111108933 B CN111108933 B CN 111108933B
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G2/00—Vegetative propagation
- A01G2/30—Grafting
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/10—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing inorganic material
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/10—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing inorganic material
- A01G24/12—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing inorganic material containing soil minerals
- A01G24/15—Calcined rock, e.g. perlite, vermiculite or clay aggregates
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/20—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material
- A01G24/22—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material containing plant material
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/20—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material
- A01G24/28—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material containing peat, moss or sphagnum
Abstract
The invention discloses a cultivation method of an ornamental pumpkin complex, relating to the field of pumpkin grafting and comprising the following steps of: selecting a stock variety and a scion variety of the complex; step 2: the complex stock variety adopts a high grafting cultivation method; and step 3: the grafting of the complex adopts a cleft grafting method; and 4, step 4: planting the complex by adopting a root zone limiting method; and 5: the management of the complex scion variety adopts a 3-vine method with one main side and two sides; step 6: and (5) culturing the scion complex for two or more times. The technical personnel in the field are dedicated to produce a symbiotic ornamental pumpkin complex by grafting technology, maintain the heterosis of hybrid F1 generation, symbiotic a plurality of melons and fruits and maintain the ornamental value for a long time.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of plant genetic breeding, in particular to a cultivation method of a complex of ornamental pumpkins.
Background
The pumpkin vegetable is one of the first vegetables cultivated by human beings, and the pumpkin is used for appreciation in the west, so that the ornamental pumpkins such as scallop series and giant pumpkin series are cultivated, and cultural communication activities such as pumpkin sections are held. Grafting is a vegetative propagation mode of plants, and is a technology for grafting a part of organs and tissues of a plant body to a proper part of another plant, enabling the joint of the two to be healed and growing a new plant. The grafting method comprises three types, namely, scion grafting, bud grafting and inarching, and the stocks and the scions are main factors influencing later generations in the grafting technology. In vegetable breeding and production, the pumpkin is used as a rootstock and is widely applied to a plurality of vegetables such as melons, fruits of solanaceous cucumbers, watermelons, muskmelons, eggplants and the like so as to enhance the stress resistance of the plants. But is lack of application in cultivating ornamental pumpkin.
The invention discloses a muskmelon grafting seedling method, which is characterized by selecting a stock variety and a muskmelon variety, preparing a seedling substrate, a nutrient solution and a seedbed, cultivating the stock and a scion seedling, grafting and managing in the later period. The pumpkin grafting patents are many, but no ornamental pumpkin complex grafting technology exists.
Therefore, those skilled in the art have made an effort to develop a method for cultivating a complex of ornamental pumpkins, which produces a symbiotic complex of ornamental pumpkins by grafting technology, maintains heterosis of hybrid generations F1, symbiotically produces a variety of melons and fruits, and maintains ornamental value for a long time.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above defects of the prior art, the technical problem to be solved by the invention is that no technology for grafting the ornamental pumpkin complex is available, the hybrid vigor of the F1 generation is kept, various melons and fruits can be symbiotic, and the ornamental value is maintained for a long time.
In order to achieve the aim, the invention provides a cultivation method of ornamental pumpkin complex, which comprises the following steps:
step 1: selection of stock variety and scion variety of complex
The stock variety of the complex is a giant pumpkin variety, and the scion variety of the complex is F1 generations of small melon and fruit varieties including cucumber, muskmelon, gourd, watermelon and pumpkin;
step 2: high-position grafting cultivation method for complex stock variety
The method comprises the following steps of soaking seeds, accelerating germination and growing seedlings of the giant pumpkin of the stock variety for 25-30 days in advance, removing all lateral vines at the 13-15 leaf stage, reserving a growing main vine, removing top growing points when the main vine reaches 80-100cm, growing the lateral vines in 7-15 days, reserving 2-3 lateral vines, and grafting when the lateral vines grow to 5-8 cm;
and step 3: cleft grafting method for grafting complex
The scion variety is subjected to seed soaking, germination acceleration and seedling raising 25 days after seedling raising of the stock variety, grafting is carried out when the 1 st leaf and the 2 nd leaf which are unearthed from cotyledon are unfolded, and the scion variety is grafted on the lateral vine of the stock variety, and a cleft grafting method is adopted, so that several scion varieties are grafted separately for 3 to 5 days; removing the growing points of the lateral tendrils of the stock variety during grafting, vertically inserting bamboo sticks between two leaves to the depth of 0.4-0.6 cm, cutting the leaves of the scion variety at a position about 0.4-0.6 cm below the cotyledons of the stock variety, obliquely cutting the two corresponding side surfaces downwards for one time, wherein the section length is 0.4-0.6 cm, grafting the stock variety and the leaves of the scion variety at a crossed angle to obtain a complex, keeping the grafting section dry and comfortable without contacting water, binding the interface for 4-6 circles by using a sealing film, and removing after 7-10 days; the greenhouse environment temperature of the complex is kept between 15 and 20 ℃, and the relative humidity in the greenhouse is kept between 60 and 80 percent within 5 to 7 days after grafting;
and 4, step 4: root zone limiting method for planting of complex
Establishing a planting culture root base device, installing the planting culture root base device on the ground, isolating the periphery of the planting culture root base device by using non-woven fabrics, placing prepared nutrient soil in the culture root base device before planting, placing the complex in the culture root base device, wherein the plant spacing of the complex is 12-14 m, preparing 700-fold liquid and 900-fold liquid by using 50% carbendazim wettable powder 7-9 days before planting, and watering each culture root base device by 60-70 jin;
and 5: the management of complex scion varieties adopts a 3-vine method with one main part and two sides
12-15 leaves in the early growth stage of the scion variety on the complex mainly promote vegetative growth, and vines of the scion variety are framed and introduced when growing to 30-50 cm; the melon reservation quantity of different scion varieties is different, and in order to achieve a long enough ornamental period, the rest small melons are removed when the scion varieties reach the melon reservation quantity, so that the scion varieties are promoted to continuously grow, bloom and bear fruits; the full nutrient solution is adopted for drip irrigation, the root of the middle and later periods has weak fertility, and the leaf surface is sprayed with potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution for topdressing outside the root, so that the premature senility of plants is prevented.
Step 6: cultivation of secondary or multiple scion complex
Grafting the complex for multiple times, and when the cucumber seedling rate reaches 80-90% in the first scion variety growth middle stage, carrying out second scion variety seedling culture; removing the top end of the first 2-4 sections of the last melon of the main vine of the first scion variety bearing melons, and carrying out second grafting, wherein the second scion variety seedling is grown for 12-15 days, namely in the 2-3 leaf stage of growth, and the second grafting is carried out; the seedling raising and grafting method of the second scion variety is the same as the step 3, the management of the second scion variety after the second grafting adopts a 3-vine method with one main part and two sides to form a secondary complex, the reserved quantity and the management method of each melon of the second scion variety are the same as the step 5, and the second grafting can be carried out under the greenhouse condition.
Further, in the step 1, the giant pumpkin variety is one of Dafu, Yuanyu No. 1 and Mexico giant pumpkin.
Further, in the step 1, the cucumber is a fruit type series cucumber variety, such as europa 201, golden boy and jade girl; the pumpkin varieties are ornamental varieties of Beibei No. 2, black jinling and small Beibei; the watermelon varieties are Sumi No. 8, Jintaiyang No. 3 and sweet; the variety of the muskmelon is white bell, national treasure and Athens.
Further, in the step 4, the culture root medium device is a frame with the length of 2-2.5m, the width of 2-2.5m and the height of 0.8-1 m.
Further, in the step 4, the nutrient soil is prepared from 55-68% of grass carbon soil, 20-25% of organic fertilizer, 3-5% of plant ash, 3-5% of natto fiber, 3-5% of perlite and 3-5% of coconut shred (wherein the percentage is volume percentage).
Further, in the step 5, the nutrient solution contains 960mg of Ca (NO3) 2.4H 2O, 110mg of NH4H2PO4, 495mg of MgSO 4.7H 2O, 32.5mg of EDTA-Fe, 2.86mg of H3BO3, 2.13mg of MnSO 4.4H2O, 0.22mg of ZnSO 4.7H2O, 0.08mg of CuSO 4.5H2O, 360mg of K2SO4 and 0.02mg of (NH4)6Mo7O 24.4H2O per liter.
Further, in the step 5, the nutrient solution is subjected to drip irrigation by the culture root device within two weeks before transplantation, the nutrient solution is subjected to drip irrigation once a day, the drip irrigation is performed once 7-9 days after field planting, the drip irrigation amount is 40-50mL, the drip irrigation is performed once every 3-5 days in a flowering and fruiting period, and the drip irrigation is performed once every other day in the flowering period.
Further, in the step 5, the preserved quantity of the melons of different scion varieties is 40-50 preserved cucumbers, 5-8 preserved pumpkins and 3-5 preserved watermelons.
Further, in the step 5, the concentration of the potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution is 0.2%.
Further, in the step 6, the second scion variety selection may be the same as the first scion variety or different melon and fruit varieties.
The cultivation method of the ornamental pumpkin complex provided by the invention has at least the following beneficial technical effects:
1. the invention is simple and convenient to implement, and keeps the heterosis of the hybrid F1 generation.
2. Produces a complex of ornamental pumpkin, the complex can symbiotic with 3-6 kinds of melons and fruits, and achieves the effect of ornamental period of 8-9 months.
Detailed Description
The following describes several preferred embodiments of the present invention to make the technical contents thereof clearer and easier to understand. The present invention may be embodied in many different forms of embodiments and the scope of the invention is not limited to the embodiments set forth herein.
Example 1:
step 1: selection of stock variety and scion variety of complex
The stock variety of the complex is a giant pumpkin variety which is good in fortune, the growth period is 180 days, the weight of a single fruit is 75 kilograms, the width of a leaf is 50cm, the root system is strong, the growth is vigorous, and the stem is thick and strong.
The cucumber of the small-sized melon and fruit variety selected as the scion variety of the complex is fruit type Europa 201F1, the growth period is 100 days, the weight of a single fruit is 25 g, 40 fruits are continuously produced, and the cucumber has the characteristic of a full-female flower system; the pumpkin variety is an ornamental variety of Beibei No. 2, the growth period is 110 days, the weight of a single fruit is 450 g, and the pumpkin variety has the characteristic of continuously bearing 5 fruits; the watermelon variety Su Mi 8 has the characteristics that the growth period is 100 days, the weight of a single fruit is 1800 g, and 3 fruits can be continuously produced.
Step 2: high-position grafting cultivation method for complex stock variety
The method comprises the steps of soaking seeds, accelerating germination and seedling cultivation of a giant pumpkin variety stock for 25 days in advance, removing all lateral vines at the 13-leaf stage, reserving a main growing vine, removing top growing points when the main vine reaches 80cm, growing the lateral vines in 7 days, reserving 2 lateral vines, and grafting when the lateral vines grow to 5 cm.
And step 3: cleft grafting method for grafting complex
The scion variety is soaked, sprouted and cultured 25 days after the stock variety is cultured, and grafted on the lateral tendrils of the stock variety, and the scion variety is grafted when the 1 st leaf of the cotyledon unearthed is unfolded, and several scion varieties are grafted separately for 3 days. Removing the growing points of the giant pumpkin of the stock variety during grafting, vertically inserting a bamboo stick between two leaves with the depth of 0.4 cm, cutting the giant pumpkin into a position which is about 0.4 cm below cotyledon of the scion variety, obliquely cutting the two corresponding side surfaces downwards by one cut, wherein the cut surface is 0.4 cm long, and grafting the stock variety and the leaves of the scion variety at a cross angle to obtain a complex; keeping the grafting section dry and free from water, wrapping the interface for 4 circles by using a sealing film, and removing the grafting section after 7 days; the temperature of the greenhouse where the complex is located is kept at 15 ℃, and the relative humidity in the greenhouse is kept at 60% within 5 days after grafting.
And 4, step 4: root zone limiting method for planting of complex
Establishing a planting culture root medium device, installing the planting culture root medium device on the ground, isolating the periphery of the planting culture root medium device by non-woven fabrics, and arranging the culture root medium device as a frame with the length of 2m, the width of 2m and the height of 0.8 m. Preparing nutrient soil before transplanting and planting stock varieties: 55% of grass carbon soil, 25% of organic fertilizer, 5% of plant ash, 5% of natto fiber, 5% of perlite and 5% of coconut shred (wherein the percentage is volume percentage). The plant spacing of the complex is 12m2, 700 times of solution is prepared by 50 percent carbendazim wettable powder 7-9 days before planting, and 60 jin of each culture root is watered.
And 5: the management of complex scion varieties adopts a 3-vine method with one main part and two sides
12 leaves in the early growth stage of the scion variety on the complex mainly promote vegetative growth, and the scion variety is erected and introduced when the scion variety grows for 30 cm; the cucumber reserving quantity of different scion varieties is different, wherein 40 cucumbers are reserved; 5 pumpkin fruits are reserved; the watermelon is kept for 3. In order to achieve the purpose of having a long enough ornamental period, the rest small melons are removed when the scion variety reaches the number of melons, and the scion variety is promoted to continuously grow, bloom and bear fruits. The full nutrient solution is adopted for drip irrigation, which is beneficial to growth of hybrid seedlings into strong seedlings, 80mL of drip irrigation is carried out on each culture root in two weeks before transplanting, the drip irrigation is carried out once a day and 7 days after planting, the drip irrigation amount is 40mL, the drip irrigation is carried out once every 3 days in the flowering period and once every other day in the flowering period. Each liter of the nutrient solution contains 960mg of Ca (NO3) 2.4H 2O, 110mg of NH4H2PO4, 495mg of MgSO 4.7H 2O, 32.5mg of EDTA-Fe, 2.86mg of H3BO3, 2.13mg of MnSO 4.4H2O, 0.22mg of ZnSO 4.7H2O, 0.08mg of CuSO 4.5H2O, 360mg of K2SO4 and 0.02mg of (NH4)6Mo7O 24.4H2O. The fertilizer absorbing capacity of the roots is weak in the middle and later periods, and 0.2% potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution is sprayed on the leaf surfaces to carry out topdressing outside the roots, so that the premature senility of plants is prevented.
Step 6: cultivation of secondary or multiple scion complex
And (3) in the middle stage of the first scion variety growth, when the cucumber setting rate reaches 80%, seedling raising of the second scion variety is carried out, the method is the same as the step 3, and the scion variety can be the same as or different from the first scion variety. And (4) removing the top end of the first section of the last melon of the main vine of the first scion variety bearing melon, and grafting. And (3) grafting the second scion variety when the seedling of the second scion variety reaches 12 days, namely in the 2-leaf stage of growth, and the method is the same as the step 3. And (3) managing the scion variety after the second grafting by adopting a 3-vine method with one main part and two sides to form a secondary scion complex. The quantity of each melon to be preserved and the management method are the same as the step 5. Grafting can be performed again under greenhouse conditions.
The embodiment maintains the heterosis of the hybrid generation F1, generates a symbiotic complex of 3 ornamental melons and fruits, and reaches the ornamental period of 8 months.
Example 2:
step 1: selection of stock variety and scion variety of complex
The stock variety of the complex is a giant pumpkin variety, the giant pumpkin variety is Mexico giant, the growth period is 210 days, the weight of a single fruit is 100 kg, the width of a leaf is 70cm, the root system is strong, the growth is vigorous, and the stem is thick and strong.
The scion variety of the complex is F1 generation of small melon and fruit variety selected from cucumber, muskmelon, gourd, watermelon and pumpkin, wherein the cucumber is fruit type series cucumber variety Yunv, and has the characteristics of 120 days of growth period, 65 g of single fruit weight, 50 continuous fruits, and full female flower system; the pumpkin variety is an ornamental variety of small scallop, the pumpkin variety has the characteristics that the growth period is 130 days, the weight of a single fruit is 650 g, and 8 fruits can be continuously produced; the watermelon variety is sweet, the growth period is 110 days, the weight of a single fruit is 2600 grams, and the watermelon has the characteristic of continuously bearing 5 fruits; the variety of the muskmelon is Athens, the growth period of the muskmelon is 115 days, the weight of a single fruit is 500 g, and the muskmelon has the characteristic of continuously bearing 12 fruits.
Step 2: high-position grafting cultivation method for complex stock variety
The growth of the stock variety and the scion variety of the complex is adjusted, the stock variety of the complex adopts a high grafting cultivation method, the giant pumpkin of the stock variety is soaked in advance, sprouted and planted for 30 days, all lateral tendrils are removed at the 15-leaf stage, a main growing tendrils are reserved, top growing points are removed when the main growing tendrils reach 100cm, the lateral tendrils grow out in 15 days, 3 lateral tendrils are reserved, and grafting is carried out when the lateral tendrils grow to 8 cm.
And step 3: the grafting method of the complex adopts cleft grafting
The scion variety is soaked, sprouted and cultured 30 days after the stock variety is cultured, and is grafted on the lateral tendrils of the stock variety, and the grafting is carried out when the 2 nd leaf of the cotyledon unearthed is unfolded. The method comprises the following steps of (1) separating several scion varieties for 5 days for grafting, removing growing points of the stock varieties, vertically inserting bamboo sticks between two leaves into the grafting container for 0.6 cm, cutting the scion varieties from the positions about 0.6 cm below cotyledons of the scion varieties, obliquely cutting the corresponding two side surfaces downwards for one time, wherein the section length is 0.6 cm, grafting the stock varieties and the leaves of the scion varieties at a crossed angle to obtain a complex, keeping the grafting section dry and comfortable without contacting moisture, binding the interface for 6 circles by using a sealing film, and removing the grafting after 10 days; the temperature of the greenhouse where the complex is located is kept at 20 ℃, and the relative humidity in the greenhouse is kept at 80% within 7 days after grafting.
And 4, step 4: root zone limiting method for planting of complex
Establishing a planting culture root device, installing the planting culture root device underground, isolating the periphery of the planting culture root device by non-woven fabrics, and arranging the culture root device as a frame with the length of 2.5m, the width of 2.5m and the height of 01 m. Preparing nutrient soil before transplanting the complex for planting: 68% of grass carbon soil, 20% of organic fertilizer, 3% of plant ash, 3% of natto fiber, 3% of perlite and 3% of coconut shred (wherein the percentage is volume percentage). The plant spacing of the complex is 20m2, 900 times of solution is prepared by 50 percent carbendazim wettable powder 9 days before planting, and each culture root is watered for treatment by 70 jin.
And 5: the management of complex scion varieties adopts a 3-vine method with one main part and two sides
And (3) managing the complex, namely promoting the complex to have deep roots and luxuriant leaves, managing the complex scion varieties by adopting a 3-vine method with one main part and two sides, and reserving a certain amount of melons for each scion variety. 15 leaves mainly promote vegetative growth in the early growth stage of the scion variety, when the scion variety grows for 30-50cm, the scion variety is added with a frame and introduced with vines, only a main vine is left for the scion variety, and a lateral vine is removed; the preserved quantity of each kind of cucumber of the scion variety is different, wherein 50 cucumbers are preserved; the pumpkin is reserved for 8; the watermelon is reserved for 5; the number of the muskmelons is 12. In order to achieve the purpose of having a long enough ornamental period, the rest small melons are removed when the scion variety reaches the number of melons, and the scion variety is promoted to continuously grow, bloom and bear fruits. Drip irrigation with full nutrient solution is adopted, growth of hybrid seedlings into strong seedlings is facilitated, 90mL of drip irrigation is carried out on each culture root in two weeks before transplanting, the drip irrigation is carried out once a day after setting for 9 days, the drip irrigation amount is 50mL, the drip irrigation is carried out once in 5 days of a flowering and fruiting period, and the drip irrigation is carried out once every other day in the flowering period. Each liter of the nutrient solution contains 960mg of Ca (NO3) 2.4H 2O, 110mg of NH4H2PO4, 495mg of MgSO 4.7H 2O, 32.5mg of EDTA-Fe, 2.86mg of H3BO3, 2.13mg of MnSO 4.4H2O, 0.22mg of ZnSO 4.7H2O, 0.08mg of CuSO 4.5H2O, 360mg of K2SO4 and 0.02mg of (NH4)6Mo7O 24.4H2O. The fertilizer absorbing capacity of the roots is weak in the middle and later periods, and 0.2-0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution is sprayed on the leaf surfaces for topdressing outside the roots, so that the premature senility of plants is prevented.
Step 6: cultivation of secondary or multiple scion complex
Grafting of the scion variety can be carried out on the complex for two times or more, seedling raising of the scion variety is carried out for the second time when the cucumber setting reaches 90% in the middle growth stage of the first scion variety, and the method is the same as the step 3. The selection of the scion variety can be the same as or different from the first scion variety. And removing the top end of the first 4 sections of the last melon of the main vine of the first scion variety bearing melon for grafting. And (3) grafting the second scion variety when the seedling of the second scion variety reaches 15 days, namely in the 3-leaf stage of growth, and the method is the same as the step 3. And (5) managing the scion varieties of the complex by adopting a 3-vine method with one main part and two sides to form a secondary scion complex, wherein the preserved number of each melon and the management method are the same as the step 5. Grafting can be performed again under greenhouse conditions.
The embodiment maintains the heterosis of the hybrid generation F1 and produces a symbiotic complex of 6 ornamental melons and fruits; the ornamental period of 9 months is reached.
Example three:
step 1: selection of stock variety and scion variety of complex
The stock variety of the complex is a giant pumpkin aerial breeding variety, the growth period is 195 days, the weight of a single fruit is 87 kilograms, the width of a leaf is 70cm, the root system is strong, the growth is vigorous, and the stem is thick and strong.
The scion variety of the complex is F1 generation of small-sized melon and fruit variety cucumber, muskmelon, gourd, watermelon and pumpkin, wherein the cucumber is a fruit type series cucumber variety child, the growth period of the cucumber is 115 days, the weight of a single fruit is 45 g, and 45 fruits are continuously grown, so that the cucumber has the characteristic of full-female flower system; the pumpkin variety is an ornamental variety of black jinling, the growth period of the pumpkin variety is 120 days, the weight of a single fruit is 550 g, and the pumpkin variety has the characteristic of continuously bearing 7 fruits. The watermelon is Jintaiyang No. 3, has the growth period of 105 days, has the weight of 2200 g per fruit and has the characteristic of continuously bearing 4 fruits. The variety of the muskmelon is a national treasure, the muskmelon has the characteristics that the growth period is 110 days, the weight of a single fruit is 450 g, and 10 fruits can be continuously produced.
Step 2: high-position grafting cultivation method for complex stock variety
The growth of the stock variety and the scion variety of the complex is adjusted, the stock variety of the complex is cultivated by a high grafting method, the giant pumpkin of the stock variety is soaked, sprouted and cultivated for 27 days in advance, all lateral tendrils are removed at the 14-leaf stage, a main growing vine is reserved, the top growing point is removed when the main growing vine reaches 90cm, the lateral tendrils grow out in 11 days, 3 lateral tendrils are reserved, and grafting is carried out when the lateral tendrils grow to 7 cm.
And step 3: the grafting method of the complex adopts cleft grafting
The scion variety is soaked, sprouted and cultured 27 days after the stock variety is cultured, and is grafted on the lateral tendrils of the stock variety, and the grafting is carried out when the 2 nd leaf of the cotyledon unearthed is unfolded. The grafting method of the complex adopts cleft grafting, several scion varieties are grafted separately for 4 days, the growing points of the stock varieties are removed firstly, bamboo sticks are vertically inserted between two leaves for 0.5 cm in depth, a knife is inserted from about 0.5 cm below cotyledons of the scion varieties, downward oblique cutting is carried out on two corresponding side surfaces, the length of a cut surface is 0.5 cm, the stock varieties and the leaves of the scion varieties are grafted in a cross angle, the complex is obtained, the cut surface is kept dry and comfortable, does not contact with water, the interface is bound by a sealing film for 5 circles, and the cut surface is removed after 9 days; the temperature of the greenhouse in which the complex is located is kept at 18 ℃, and the relative humidity in the greenhouse is kept at 70% within 6 days after grafting.
And 4, step 4: root zone limiting method for planting of complex
And establishing a planting culture root medium device. The culture medium device is arranged on the ground or underground, the periphery of the culture medium device is isolated by non-woven fabrics, and the culture medium device is a frame with the length of 2.3m, the width of 2.3m and the height of 0.9 m. Preparing nutrient soil before planting of the transplanting stock variety: 61% of grass carbon soil, 25% of organic fertilizer, 4% of plant ash, 4% of natto fiber, 3% of perlite and 3% of coconut shred (wherein the percentage is volume percentage). The plant spacing of the complex is 13m2, 800 times of solution is prepared by 50 percent carbendazim wettable powder 8 days before planting, and 65 jin of each culture root is watered.
And 5: the management of complex scion varieties adopts a 3-vine method with one main part and two sides
The management of the scion variety adopts a 3-vine method with one main part and two sides, 14 leaves mainly promote vegetative growth in the early growth stage of the scion variety, and when the vine grows for 40cm, the vine is added with a frame and guided; the number of each kind of cucumber of the scion variety is different, wherein 45 cucumbers are reserved, 7 pumpkins are reserved, 4 watermelons are reserved, and 10 muskmelons are reserved. In order to achieve the purpose of having a long enough ornamental period, the rest small melons are removed when the scion variety reaches the number of melons, and the scion variety is promoted to continuously grow, bloom and bear fruits. The full nutrient solution is adopted for drip irrigation, which is beneficial to growth of hybrid seedlings into strong seedlings, 85mL of drip irrigation is carried out on each culture root in two weeks before transplanting, the drip irrigation is carried out once a day after setting the value and 8 days after setting, the drip irrigation amount is 45mL, the drip irrigation is carried out once every 4 days in the flowering and fruiting period, and the drip irrigation is carried out once every other day in the flowering period. Each liter of the nutrient solution contains 960mg of Ca (NO3) 2.4H 2O, 110mg of NH4H2PO4, 495mg of MgSO 4.7H 2O, 32.5mg of EDTA-Fe, 2.86mg of H3BO3, 2.13mg of MnSO 4.4H2O, 0.22mg of ZnSO 4.7H2O, 0.08mg of CuSO 4.5H2O, 360mg of K2SO4 and 0.02mg of (NH4)6Mo7O 24.4H2O. The fertilizer absorbing capacity of the roots is weak in the middle and later periods, and 0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution is sprayed on the leaf surfaces to carry out topdressing outside the roots, so that the premature senility of plants is prevented.
Step 6: cultivation of secondary or multiple scion complex
And (3) grafting the complex for two or more times, and when the cucumber seedlings are planted in the first scion variety growth middle stage and the cucumber seedling rate reaches 85%, seedling raising of the second scion variety is carried out, wherein the method is the same as the step 3. The second scion variety can be the same as or different from the first scion variety. And (3) removing the top end of the first 3 nodes of the last melon of the main vine of the first scion variety bearing melons for grafting, and grafting the second scion variety when the seedling of the second scion variety reaches 13 days, namely in the 2-leaf stage of growth, wherein the method is the same as the step 3. The management of scion varieties adopts a 3-vine method with one main side and two sides to form a secondary scion complex. The quantity of each melon to be preserved and the management method are the same as the step 5. Grafting can be performed again under greenhouse conditions.
The embodiment maintains the heterosis of the hybrid generation F1 and produces a symbiotic complex of 5 ornamental melons and fruits; the ornamental period of 8.5 months is reached.
The foregoing detailed description of the preferred embodiments of the invention has been presented. It should be understood that numerous modifications and variations could be devised by those skilled in the art in light of the present teachings without departing from the inventive concepts. Therefore, the technical solutions available to those skilled in the art through logic analysis, reasoning and limited experiments based on the prior art according to the concept of the present invention should be within the scope of protection defined by the claims.
Claims (10)
1. The cultivation method of the ornamental pumpkin complex is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step 1: selection of stock variety and scion variety of complex
The stock variety of the complex is a giant pumpkin variety, and the scion variety of the complex is F1 generations of small melon and fruit varieties including cucumber, muskmelon, gourd, watermelon and pumpkin;
step 2: high-position grafting cultivation method for complex stock variety
The method comprises the following steps of soaking seeds, accelerating germination and growing seedlings of the giant pumpkin of the stock variety for 25-30 days in advance, removing all lateral vines at the 13-15 leaf stage, reserving a growing main vine, removing top growing points when the main vine reaches 80-100cm, growing the lateral vines in 7-15 days, reserving 2-3 lateral vines, and grafting when the lateral vines grow to 5-8 cm;
and step 3: cleft grafting method for grafting complex
The scion variety is subjected to seed soaking, germination acceleration and seedling raising 25 days after seedling raising of the stock variety, grafting is carried out when the 1 st leaf and the 2 nd leaf which are unearthed from cotyledon are unfolded, and the scion variety is grafted on the lateral vine of the stock variety, and a cleft grafting method is adopted, so that several scion varieties are grafted separately for 3 to 5 days; removing the growing points of the lateral tendrils of the stock variety during grafting, vertically inserting bamboo sticks between two leaves to the depth of 0.4-0.6 cm, cutting the leaves of the scion variety at the position of 0.4-0.6 cm below the cotyledons of the scion variety, obliquely cutting the two corresponding side surfaces downwards for one time, wherein the section length is 0.4-0.6 cm, grafting the stock variety and the leaves of the scion variety at a crossed angle to obtain a complex, keeping the grafting section dry and comfortable, avoiding water contact, binding the interface for 4-6 circles by using a sealing film, and removing after 7-10 days; the greenhouse environment temperature of the complex is kept between 15 and 20 ℃, and the relative humidity in the greenhouse is kept between 60 and 80 percent within 5 to 7 days after grafting;
and 4, step 4: root zone limiting method for planting of complex
Establishing a planting culture root base device, installing the planting culture root base device on the ground, isolating the periphery of the planting culture root base device by using non-woven fabrics, placing prepared nutrient soil in the planting culture root base device before planting, placing the complex in the planting culture root base device, wherein the plant spacing of the complex is 12-14 m, preparing 700-900 times liquid by using 50% carbendazim wettable powder 7-9 days before planting, and watering each planting culture root base device by 60-70 jin;
and 5: the management of complex scion varieties adopts a 3-vine method with one main part and two sides
12-15 leaves in the early growth stage of the scion variety on the complex mainly promote vegetative growth, and vines of the scion variety are framed and introduced when growing to 30-50 cm; the melon reservation quantity of different scion varieties is different, and in order to achieve a long enough ornamental period, the rest small melons are removed when the scion varieties reach the melon reservation quantity, so that the scion varieties are promoted to continuously grow, bloom and bear fruits; drip irrigation is carried out by adopting full nutrient solution, the root of the middle and later periods has weak fertility, and the leaf surface is sprayed with potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution for topdressing outside the root to prevent the premature senility of plants;
step 6: the secondary or multiple scion complex is cultivated, the complex is grafted for multiple times, and when the cucumber seedling rate reaches 80-90% in the first scion variety growth middle stage, the second scion variety is cultivated; removing the top end of the first 2-4 sections of the last melon of the main vine of the first scion variety bearing melons, and carrying out second grafting, wherein the second scion variety seedling is grown for 12-15 days, namely in the 2-3 leaf stage of growth, and the second grafting is carried out; the seedling raising and grafting method of the second scion variety is the same as the step 3, the management of the second scion variety after the second grafting adopts a 3-vine method with one main part and two sides to form a secondary complex, the reserved quantity and the management method of each melon of the second scion variety are the same as the step 5, and the second grafting can be carried out under the greenhouse condition.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein in step 1, the giant pumpkin variety is one of Dafu, Yuanyu No. 1, Mexico giant pumpkin.
3. The method for cultivating an ornamental pumpkin complex according to claim 1, wherein in the step 1, the cucumber is a fruit type series cucumber variety, such as europa 201, golden boy or jade girl; the pumpkin variety is an ornamental variety of Beibei No. 2, black jinling or small Beibei; the watermelon varieties are Sumi No. 8, Jintaiyang No. 3 or sweet; the variety of the muskmelon is white bell, national treasure or Athens.
4. The method for cultivating an ornamental pumpkin complex according to claim 1, wherein in the step 4, the planting culture medium device is a frame with a length of 2-2.5m, a width of 2-2.5m and a height of 0.8-1 m.
5. The method for cultivating an ornamental pumpkin complex as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the step 4, the nutrient soil comprises 55-68% of grass carbon soil, 20-25% of organic fertilizer, 3-5% of plant ash, 3-5% of natto fiber, 3-5% of perlite and 3-5% of coconut shred (wherein the percentage is volume percentage).
6. A method for cultivating an ornamental pumpkin complex according to claim 1, wherein in the step 5, said nutrient solution contains 960mg Ca (NO3) 2.4H 2O, 110mg NH4H2PO4, 495mg MgSO 4.7H 2O, 32.5mg EDTA-Fe, 2.86mg H3BO3, 2.13mg MnSO 4.4H2O, 0.22mg ZnSO 4.7H2O, 0.08mg CuSO 4.5H2O, 360mg K2SO4, 0.02mg (NH4)6Mo7O 24.4H2O per liter.
7. The method for cultivating an ornamental pumpkin complex according to claim 1, wherein in the step 5, the planting culture medium device drips the nutrient solution 80-90mL once a day in two weeks before transplanting, drips the nutrient solution once 7-9 days after planting, the drip irrigation amount is 40-50mL, drips the nutrient solution once every 3-5 days in a flowering and fruiting period, and drips the nutrient solution once every other day in a flowering period.
8. The method for cultivating an ornamental pumpkin complex according to claim 1, wherein in the step 5, the number of melons of different scion varieties is 40-50 for cucumber, 5-8 for pumpkin and 3-5 for watermelon.
9. The method for cultivating an ornamental pumpkin complex according to claim 1, wherein the concentration of the potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution in the step 5 is 0.2%.
10. The method for cultivating an ornamental pumpkin complex according to claim 1, wherein in the step 6, the second scion variety is selected from the same variety as the first scion variety or a different melon and fruit variety.
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