CN113973689A - Matrix for rapidly breeding bulbil konjac small seed konjac and breeding method - Google Patents
Matrix for rapidly breeding bulbil konjac small seed konjac and breeding method Download PDFInfo
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- CN113973689A CN113973689A CN202111432515.5A CN202111432515A CN113973689A CN 113973689 A CN113973689 A CN 113973689A CN 202111432515 A CN202111432515 A CN 202111432515A CN 113973689 A CN113973689 A CN 113973689A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/20—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material
- A01G24/28—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material containing peat, moss or sphagnum
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/25—Root crops, e.g. potatoes, yams, beet or wasabi
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/20—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/20—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material
- A01G24/22—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material containing plant material
- A01G24/25—Dry fruit hulls or husks, e.g. chaff or coir
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Botany (AREA)
- Cultivation Of Plants (AREA)
Abstract
The invention provides a plug substrate of bulbil konjac microspecies and a breeding method, belonging to the technical field of konjac breeding. The invention discloses a method for rapidly breeding bulbil konjac microspecies, which comprises the following steps: after refining the tissue culture seedlings of the amorphophallus bulbifer, transplanting the seedlings into a matrix comprising 4-8 parts of peat soil or humus soil, 0-4 parts of laterite and 2 parts of rice bran, and culturing for 3-4 months. The method provided by the invention can be used for hardening the tissue culture seedling of the amorphophallus bulbifer, so that the survival rate of the tissue culture seedling of the amorphophallus bulbifer can be effectively improved; the substrate is reasonable in proportion, sufficient nutrients are provided for the late growth of the amorphophallus bulbifer tissue culture seedlings, plants are robust, and the diameter of leaf stalks, the plant height, the leaf width and the yield are high. The small seed taro has short growth period, can harvest 6.75-8.99 g of bulbil konjac in a single weight in 3-4 months under the condition of sufficient tissue culture seedling supply, can harvest 2-3 rounds in one year, has small volume, is convenient to store and transport, and can prepare sufficient propagation materials for the next year.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of konjak breeding, and particularly relates to a plug substrate of bulbil konjak microspecies and a breeding method.
Background
The Amorphophallus bulbifer is a perennial herb of Amorphophallus belonging to the genus Amorphophallus of the family of Araceae, and the Amorphophallus bulbifer with aerial bulbs growing on the leaves is commonly known and mainly distributed in burma, india, banglara, Yunnan, Guangxi, etc. of China. Konjak is a plant which is found to contain a large amount of glucomannan in nature so far, has good gelling property, thickening property and health-care function, and is widely applied to the fields of food, medical treatment, industry and the like. The amorphophallus bulbifer is suitable for being planted in a high-temperature and high-humidity environment due to strong disease resistance, high yield and preference to yin, can be widely popularized and planted in Xishuangbanna areas, and has positive effects of improving the biodiversity, unit area output and economic income of local rubber forests. In recent years, the amorphophallus bulbifer industry develops rapidly, and the lack of germplasm resources in the market becomes a main factor limiting the development of the industry.
The propagation materials used in the current planting process are mainly bulbs, bulblets, bulb cuttings and a small number of seedling seeds. The former two have larger volume, crisp and tender texture, easy mechanical damage in the transportation process and lower propagation coefficient; the corm cut block is susceptible to germs due to a plurality of cut surface wounds, and the cut block has serious water loss and low germination rate; the seedling seeds can keep the advantages of the parents, but can be harvested after 3-4 years, and the growth period is long; and the four are harvested once a year, and the requirements of the current market on the bulbil konjak seedlings cannot be met. Plant tissue culture is an effective technical means for rapid propagation of crop seedlings, and is also applied to mature bulbil konjac, but the propagation speed can be further improved by harvesting the bulbil konjac once a year. At present, the bulbil konjak is directly sowed in the field, and the mode has the following defects: 1) the growth of the amorphophallus bulbifer has high requirements on soil conditions; 2) the incidence rate of soft rot and southern blight in the cultivation of the amorphophallus bulbifer is high; 3) the fertilization and management are relatively complex; 4) the growth and breeding period is long. Therefore, in order to solve the above problems, it is urgently needed to find a matrix and a breeding method for rapidly obtaining the bulbil konjac small seed tubers.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, the invention aims to provide a method for rapidly breeding bulbil konjac seeds, which can significantly shorten the growth cycle of the seeds.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the invention provides the following technical scheme:
a matrix for rapidly breeding bulbil konjac small seed tubers comprises the following raw materials in parts by volume: 4-8 parts of peat soil or humus soil, 0-4 parts of laterite and 2 parts of rice bran.
The invention also provides a preparation method of the matrix, which comprises the following steps: and uniformly mixing the raw materials, spraying 600-800 times of carbendazim solution, and sealing and fermenting for 20-30 days to obtain the matrix.
The invention also provides a method for rapidly breeding the bulbil konjac small seed konjac, which comprises the following steps: hardening off the tissue culture seedlings of the amorphophallus bulbifer, transplanting the seedlings into the matrix of claim 1, culturing for 3-4 months, cutting off water and fertilizer, pouring the seedlings for 7-15 days, and harvesting the small seed konjac; the seedling exercising comprises the following steps: and after the amorphophallus bulbifer tissue culture seedling is transplanted to a seedling hardening matrix, finishing hardening the seedling when the tissue culture seedling germinates a second plant.
Preferably, before the tissue culture seedling is transplanted to the seedling hardening matrix, the tissue culture seedling is placed in an environment with the temperature of 25-32 ℃, the humidity of more than or equal to 70% and the shading degree of 75-85% for 1-2 days.
Preferably, the seedling hardening matrix comprises peat soil and coconut coir, and the volume ratio of the peat soil to the coconut coir is (1-3) to (1-3).
Preferably, the water content of the seedling exercising matrix is 75-85%.
Preferably, urea or a balanced compound fertilizer solution with the mass of 0.5-1.5 per mill of the hardening-seedling substrate is applied every 3-5 days after the tissue culture seedlings are transplanted to the hardening-seedling substrate for 8-13 days.
Preferably, the cultivation temperature is 25-32 ℃, the humidity is more than or equal to 70%, and the shading degree is 75-85%.
Preferably, sufficient rooting water is poured after the tissue culture seedlings are transplanted, and 600-800 times of carbendazim solution is sprayed.
Preferably, after the tissue culture seedlings are transplanted and recovered to be upright, 700-900 times of potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution is sprayed on the leaf surfaces every 5-10 days.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
the invention provides a matrix for rapidly breeding bulbil konjac small seed tubers, which comprises 4-8 parts of peat soil or humus soil, 0-4 parts of laterite and 2 parts of rice bran, and is reasonable in proportion, sufficient nutrients are provided for the late growth of bulbil konjac tissue culture seedlings, plants are robust, and the diameter of leaf stalks, the plant height, the leaf width and the yield are high. In the process of breeding the bulbil konjac minigrafts, the seedling hardening of the bulbil konjac tissue culture seedlings can effectively improve the survival rate of the bulbil konjac tissue culture seedlings. The small seed taro has short growth period, can harvest 6.75-8.99 g of bulbil konjac in a single weight in 3-4 months under the condition of sufficient tissue culture seedling supply, can harvest 2-3 rounds in one year, has small volume, is convenient to store and transport, and can prepare sufficient propagation materials for the next year.
Drawings
FIG. 1 shows the growth of the plants of examples 1-2 before seedling inversion, the left figure shows example 1, and the right figure shows example 2;
FIG. 2 shows the growth of the plants of examples 3-4 before seedling inversion, the left figure shows example 3, and the right figure shows example 4;
FIG. 3 shows the growth of the plants of example 5 before seedling inversion;
FIG. 4 shows the growth of the plants of comparative examples 1 and 3 before seedling inversion;
FIG. 5 shows the growth of the plants before seedling inversion in comparative examples 4-5, the left image is comparative example 4, and the right image is comparative example 5.
Detailed Description
The invention provides a matrix for rapidly breeding bulbil konjac microspecific konjac, which comprises the following raw materials in parts by volume: 4-8 parts of peat soil or humus soil, 0-4 parts of laterite and 2 parts of rice bran.
In the invention, the peat soil, the humus soil and the humus soil are formed by moss, dry branches and fallen leaves, have good air permeability and buffering property, are rich in nutrient substances such as organic matters and the like, and the seedling culture substrate prepared by using the peat soil, the humus soil and the humus soil is just suitable for the growth of the amorphophallus bulbifer; compared with perlite and the like, the rice bran contains more potassium and other nutrient substances, can provide sufficient nutrition for the later-stage corm growth of the konjac, is easy to decompose after fermentation, and has more environmental benefits compared with ceramsite, perlite and the like; the red soil has a large amount of trace elements and also has viscosity, so that excessive loss of water and nutrient substances in the matrix can be prevented. Therefore, the substrate for breeding the small seed konjac can provide good soil environment and nutrition supply for the growth of the bulbiferous konjac and the formation of the seed konjac, and ensures the good growth of plants and the formation of the small seed konjac; however, the way and the matrix for breeding the bulbil konjac small seed taro by using the plug are not reported at present, so the method has good application prospect.
In the present invention, the matrix preferably comprises the following raw materials in parts by volume: 4 parts of peat soil, 4 parts of laterite and 2 parts of rice bran. The substrate provided by the invention is reasonable in proportion, sufficient nutrients are provided for the late growth of the amorphophallus bulbifer tissue culture seedling, the plant is strong, and the diameter of the leaf stalk, the plant height, the leaf width and the yield are high.
The invention also provides a preparation method of the matrix, which comprises the following steps: and uniformly mixing the raw materials, spraying 600-800 times of carbendazim solution, and sealing and fermenting for 20-30 days to obtain the matrix. In the invention, because the rice bran contains substances which are easily decomposed by microorganisms, such as carbohydrate and the like, chemical reaction is easy to occur in the early stage of use due to the activity of the microorganisms, the temperature of a matrix is overhigh, the seedling burning phenomenon is caused, sometimes toxic substances are generated, and the growth of the amorphophallus bulbifer is not facilitated, so the rice bran can be used for cultivation only by piling up and fermenting the materials to form a stable matrix and degrading the harmful substances before use; spraying carbendazim before fermentation can reduce pathogenic bacteria in the matrix on one hand, and provide moisture for matrix fermentation on the other hand, so that the fermentation is complete, a good seedling culture matrix is provided for the growth of the amorphophallus bulbifer plants, and soil-borne diseases are reduced.
The invention also provides a method for rapidly breeding the bulbil konjac small seed konjac, which comprises the following steps: hardening off the tissue culture seedlings of the amorphophallus bulbifer, transplanting the seedlings into the matrix, culturing for 3-4 months, cutting off water and fertilizer, pouring the seedlings for 7-15 days, and harvesting the small seed konjac; the seedling exercising comprises the following steps: and after the amorphophallus bulbifer tissue culture seedling is transplanted to a seedling hardening matrix, finishing hardening the seedling when the tissue culture seedling germinates a second plant.
In the invention, the hardening-off is mainly to enhance the adaptability of the amorphophallus bulbifer tissue culture seedling to the environment from the inside to the outside of the bottle, the hardening-off matrix is loose, the growth of the root system is facilitated, the quality of the plant is improved, when the second plant germinates, the development of the root system of the tissue culture seedling is perfect, the tissue culture seedling can normally grow in the external environment, and the plant foundation is formed for the taro planting.
However, because the nutrient in the hardening seedling substrate is limited, the nutrition of the plant is insufficient in the later growth stage, and the growth vigor is weak, the hardening seedling substrate needs to be transplanted into the small seed taro breeding substrate prepared by the method, and sufficient nutrients are provided for the small seed taro forming process. After 3-4 months of cultivation, the single weight of the bulbodium is about 6.75-8.99 g, the growth vigor of the plant is reduced due to the limited space of the seedling culture tray, the weight gain of the bulbodium in the later period is not obvious, water and fertilizer can be cut off at the moment, the plant is poured, the nutrition of the overground part flows back to the small seed taro, and after 7-15 days, the plant falls off at the bud nest of the small seed taro, so that the small seed taro is convenient to harvest.
In the invention, before transplanting the tissue culture seedling to the seedling hardening matrix, the tissue culture seedling is preferably placed in an environment with the temperature of 25-32 ℃, the humidity of more than or equal to 70% and the shading degree of 75-85% for 1-2 days, more preferably, the temperature is 30 ℃, the humidity is 75% and the shading degree is 80%.
In the invention, the seedling hardening matrix preferably comprises peat soil and coconut coir, and the volume ratio of the peat soil to the coconut coir is preferably (1-3): 1-3, and more preferably 2: 2.
In the invention, the water content of the seedling hardening matrix is preferably 75-85%, and more preferably 80%.
In the invention, preferably, urea or a balanced compound fertilizer solution with the mass of 0.5-1.5 per mill of the hardening-seedling substrate is applied every 3-5 days after the tissue culture seedling is transplanted to the hardening-seedling substrate for 8-13 days, and more preferably, urea or a balanced compound fertilizer solution with the mass of 1 per mill of the hardening-seedling substrate is applied every 4 days after the tissue culture seedling is transplanted to the hardening-seedling substrate for 10 days. In the invention, the urea or the balanced compound fertilizer solution can promote the vegetative growth of tissue culture seedlings and improve the growth vigor and the environmental adaptability of roots, stems and leaves.
In the invention, the cultivation temperature is preferably 25-32 ℃, more preferably 30 ℃, the humidity is more than or equal to 70%, more preferably 75%, and the shading degree is preferably 75-85%, more preferably 80%.
In the invention, after the tissue culture seedlings are transplanted, sufficient rooting water is preferably irrigated, and 600-800 times of carbendazim solution is sprayed, more preferably 700 times of carbendazim solution is sprayed. In the invention, the spraying of carbendazim can effectively kill pathogenic bacteria brought in by the substrate and the cultivation process.
In the invention, after the tissue culture seedlings are transplanted and recovered to be upright, 700-900 times of potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution is preferably sprayed on the leaf surfaces every 5-10 days, and more preferably 800 times of potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution is sprayed on the leaf surfaces every 7 days. In the invention, the spraying of the monopotassium phosphate can promote the expansion of the small-seed taro, improve the yield and the quality and enhance the disease resistance of plants.
In the present invention, the source of the raw material is not particularly limited, and a commercially available product may be used.
The technical solutions provided by the present invention are described in detail below with reference to examples, but they should not be construed as limiting the scope of the present invention.
Example 1
1. Hardening off seedlings
Transplanting the bulbil konjak tissue culture seedling with strong plant and root system into a seedling raising greenhouse with the temperature of 30 ℃, the humidity of 70% or above, the shading degree of 60% and the rain resistance at the periphery, and opening a bottle cap for staying overnight. And a layer of sunshade net is built above the shed to keep the shading degree in the shed at 80 percent.
Taking out the seedlings the next day, cleaning the root culture medium with clear water, transplanting to a position filled with peat soil: coconut chaff is 1:1 mixed matrix in the seedling raising tray. Spraying clear water in the morning and at night every day to make the water content of the substrate 80%.
After 10 days, new roots of the tissue culture seedlings grow out, the sunshade net can be removed, and urea or balanced compound fertilizer solution with the mass of 1 per mill of the seedling hardening matrix is applied every 4 days. After 1-2 months, the tissue culture seedling plants are robust, and when the second plant plants germinate, the seedling hardening can be finished.
2. Substrate preparation
Mixing peat soil 4L, laterite 4L and rice bran 2L, spraying 700 times carbendazim solution to moisten the matrix, placing into a barrel, sealing with plastic film, and fermenting for 25 days.
3. Seed of small-species taro breeding
3.1, filling the prepared plug substrate into a seedling raising tray with the depth of 53mm, the upper caliber of 60mm, the bottom of 28mm and the single-hole volume of 110ml, and placing the seedling raising tray into a seedling raising greenhouse with the temperature of 30 ℃, the shading degree of 80% and the periphery of rainproof.
3.2, transplanting the refined tissue culture seedlings into a seedling culture plate, watering enough rooting water for the first time, and spraying 700 times of carbendazim solution.
3.3, water was poured once a day at 6 pm to keep the substrate moist.
3.4, after the plants are recovered to be upright, spraying the leaf surfaces once by using 800 times of the monopotassium phosphate liquid every week.
After 3.5 and 3-4 months, when the growth vigor of the plants is reduced due to space limitation, water and fertilizer are cut off, and after the plants are all transplanted for 10 days, the small seed taros can be harvested and placed in a shady, cool and ventilated and dry place to be used as a propagation material in the next year.
Example 2
1. Hardening off seedlings
Transplanting the bulbil konjak tissue culture seedling with strong plant and root system into a seedling raising greenhouse with the temperature of 25 ℃, the humidity of 70% or above, the shading degree of 60% and the rain resistance at the periphery, and opening a bottle cap for staying overnight. And a layer of sunshade net is built above the shed to keep the shading degree in the shed at 80 percent.
Taking out the seedlings the next day, cleaning the root culture medium with clear water, transplanting to a position filled with peat soil: coconut chaff is 1:1 mixed matrix in the seedling raising tray. Spraying clear water in the morning and at night every day to make the water content of the substrate be 75%.
After 8 days, new roots of the tissue culture seedlings grow out, the sunshade net can be removed, and urea or balanced compound fertilizer solution with the weight of hardening seedling matrix being 0.5 per mill is applied every 3 days. After 1-2 months, the tissue culture seedling plants are robust, and when the second plant plants germinate, the seedling hardening can be finished.
2. Substrate preparation
Mixing peat soil 6L, laterite 2L, and rice bran 2L, spraying 600 times carbendazim solution to moisten the matrix, placing into a barrel, sealing with plastic film, and fermenting for 30 days.
3. Seed of small-species taro breeding
3.1, placing the prepared plug substrate into a seedling raising tray with the depth of 53mm, the upper caliber of 60mm, the bottom of 28mm and the single-hole volume of 110ml, and placing the seedling raising tray into a seedling raising greenhouse with the temperature of 25 ℃, the shading degree of 80% and the periphery of rainproof.
3.2, transplanting the refined tissue culture seedlings into a seedling culture plate, watering enough rooting water for the first time, and spraying 600 times of carbendazim solution.
3.3, water was poured once a day at 6 pm to keep the substrate moist.
3.4, after the plants are recovered to be upright, the 700 times of solution of monopotassium phosphate is used for carrying out foliage spraying once every week.
After 3.5 and 3-4 months, when the growth of the plant is reduced due to space limitation, water and fertilizer are cut off, and after the plant is completely transplanted for 10 days, the small seed taro can be harvested and placed in a shady, cool and ventilated and dry place to be used as a propagation material in the next year.
Example 3
1. Hardening off seedlings
Transplanting the bulbil konjak tissue culture seedling with strong plant and root system into a seedling raising greenhouse with temperature of 32 ℃, humidity of 70% or above, shading degree of 60% and rain-proof periphery, and opening a bottle cap for staying overnight. And a layer of sunshade net is built above the shed to keep the shading degree in the shed at 80 percent.
Taking out the seedlings the next day, cleaning the root culture medium with clear water, transplanting to a position filled with peat soil: coconut chaff is 1:1 mixed matrix in the seedling raising tray. Spraying clear water in the morning and at night every day to make the water content of the substrate 85%.
After 13 days, new roots of the tissue culture seedlings grow out, the sunshade net can be removed, and urea or balanced compound fertilizer solution with the weight of 1.5 per mill of the hardening seedling matrix is applied every 5 days. After 1-2 months, the tissue culture seedling plants are robust, and when the second plant plants germinate, the seedling hardening can be finished.
2. Substrate preparation
Mixing humus 6L, laterite 2L, and rice bran 2L, spraying carbendazim solution 800 times to wet the matrix, placing into a barrel, sealing with plastic film, and fermenting for 20 days.
3. Seed of small-species taro breeding
3.1, filling the prepared plug substrate into a seedling raising tray with the depth of 53mm, the upper caliber of 60mm, the bottom of 28mm and the single-hole volume of 110ml, and placing the seedling raising tray into a seedling raising greenhouse with the temperature of 32 ℃, the shading degree of 80% and the periphery of rainproof.
3.2, transplanting the refined tissue culture seedlings into a seedling culture plate, watering enough rooting water for the first time, and spraying 800 times of carbendazim solution.
3.3, water was poured once a day at 6 pm to keep the substrate moist.
3.4, after the plants are recovered to be upright, using 900 times of potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution to carry out foliage spraying once a week.
After 3.5 and 3-4 months, when the growth of the plant is reduced due to space limitation, water and fertilizer are cut off, and after the plant is completely transplanted for 10 days, the small seed taro can be harvested and placed in a shady, cool and ventilated and dry place to be used as a propagation material in the next year.
Example 4
1. Hardening off seedlings
Transplanting the bulbil konjak tissue culture seedling with strong plant and root system into a seedling raising greenhouse with the temperature of 30 ℃, the humidity of 70% or above, the shading degree of 60% and the rain resistance at the periphery, and opening a bottle cap for staying overnight. And a layer of sunshade net is built above the shed to keep the shading degree in the shed at 80 percent.
Taking out the seedlings the next day, cleaning the root culture medium with clear water, transplanting to a position filled with peat soil: coconut chaff is 1:1 mixed matrix in the seedling raising tray. Spraying clear water in the morning and at night every day to make the water content of the substrate 80%.
After 10 days, new roots of the tissue culture seedlings grow out, the sunshade net can be removed, and urea or balanced compound fertilizer solution with the mass of 1 per mill of the seedling hardening matrix is applied every 3 days. After 1-2 months, the tissue culture seedling plants are robust, and when the second plant plants germinate, the seedling hardening can be finished.
2. Substrate preparation
Mixing 8L of peat soil and 2L of rice bran uniformly, spraying 700 times of carbendazim solution to moisten the matrix, putting into a barrel, sealing with a plastic film, and fermenting for 25 days for later use.
3. Seed of small-species taro breeding
3.1, filling the prepared plug substrate into a seedling raising tray with the depth of 53mm, the upper caliber of 60mm, the bottom of 28mm and the single-hole volume of 110ml, and placing the seedling raising tray into a seedling raising greenhouse with the temperature of 32 ℃, the shading degree of 80% and the periphery of rainproof.
3.2, transplanting the refined tissue culture seedlings into a seedling culture plate, watering enough rooting water for the first time, and spraying 800 times of carbendazim solution.
3.3, water was poured once a day at 6 pm to keep the substrate moist.
3.4, after the plants are recovered to be upright, the 700 times of solution of monopotassium phosphate is used for carrying out foliage spraying once every week.
After 3.5 and 3-4 months, when the growth of the plant is reduced due to space limitation, water and fertilizer are cut off, and after the plant is completely transplanted for 10 days, the small seed taro can be harvested and placed in a shady, cool and ventilated and dry place to be used as a propagation material in the next year.
Example 5
1. Hardening off seedlings
Transplanting the bulbil konjak tissue culture seedling with strong plant and root system into a seedling raising greenhouse with the temperature of 25 ℃, the humidity of 70% or above, the shading degree of 60% and the rain resistance at the periphery, and opening a bottle cap for staying overnight. And a layer of sunshade net is built above the shed to keep the shading degree in the shed at 80 percent.
Taking out the seedlings the next day, cleaning the root culture medium with clear water, transplanting to a position filled with peat soil: coconut chaff is 1:1 mixed matrix in the seedling raising tray. Spraying clear water in the morning and at night every day to make the water content of the substrate 80%.
After 10 days, new roots of the tissue culture seedlings grow out, the sunshade net can be removed, and urea or balanced compound fertilizer solution with the mass of 1 per mill of the seedling hardening matrix is applied every 4 days. After 1-2 months, the tissue culture seedling plants are robust, and when the second plant plants germinate, the seedling hardening can be finished.
2. Substrate preparation
Mixing humus 8L and rice bran 2L, spraying carbendazim solution 800 times to wet the matrix, placing into a barrel, sealing with plastic film, and fermenting for 20 days.
3. Seed of small-species taro breeding
3.1, filling the prepared plug substrate into a seedling raising tray with the depth of 53mm, the upper caliber of 60mm, the bottom of 28mm and the single-hole volume of 110ml, and placing the seedling raising tray into a seedling raising greenhouse with the temperature of 30 ℃, the shading degree of 80% and the periphery of rainproof.
3.2, transplanting the refined tissue culture seedlings into a seedling culture plate, watering enough rooting water for the first time, and spraying 800 times of carbendazim solution.
3.3, water was poured once a day at 6 pm to keep the substrate moist.
3.4, after the plants are recovered to be upright, the 700 times of solution of monopotassium phosphate is used for carrying out foliage spraying once every week.
After 3.5 and 3-4 months, when the growth of the plant is reduced due to space limitation, water and fertilizer are cut off, and after the plant is completely transplanted for 10 days, the small seed taro can be harvested and placed in a shady, cool and ventilated and dry place to be used as a propagation material in the next year.
Comparative example 1
The specific implementation manner is the same as that of example 1, except that peat soil 4L, laterite 4L and rice bran 2L are replaced by peat soil 6L, laterite 2L and coconut husk 2L.
Comparative example 2
The specific implementation manner is the same as that of example 1, except that peat soil 4L, laterite 4L and rice bran 2L are replaced by peat soil 4L, laterite 2L and rice bran 4L.
Comparative example 3
The specific implementation manner is the same as that of example 1, except that peat soil 4L, laterite 4L and rice bran 2L are replaced by peat soil 4L, laterite 4L and perlite 2L.
Comparative example 4
The specific implementation manner is the same as that of example 1, except that 4L of peat soil, 4L of laterite and 2L of rice bran are replaced by 4L of humus soil, 2L of laterite and 4L of coconut husk.
Comparative example 5
The specific implementation manner is the same as that of example 1, except that 4L of peat soil, 4L of laterite and 2L of rice bran are replaced by 6L of humus soil, 2L of laterite and 2L of perlite.
Comparative example 6
The specific implementation manner is the same as that of example 1, except that peat soil 4L, laterite 4L and rice bran 2L are replaced by peat soil 8L and coconut husk 2L.
Comparative example 7
The specific implementation manner is the same as that of example 1, except that peat soil 4L, laterite 4L and rice bran 2L are replaced by humus soil 8L and coconut husk 2L.
Example 6
The petiole diameter, plant height and leaf width of the tissue culture seedlings in examples 1-5 and comparative examples 1-7 were measured by a vernier caliper and a tape measure before water and fertilizer are cut off, and the weight of each individual seed taro was measured when the seedlings were poured out and harvested, and the detailed results are shown in table 1.
TABLE 1 comparison of the Properties and yields of tissue culture seedlings in examples 1-5 and comparative examples 1-7
As can be seen from the data in Table 1, the leaf stalk diameter, plant height, leaf width and quality of the single-plant seed taro can be remarkably improved in examples 1 to 5 of the present invention compared with comparative examples 1 to 7. As can also be seen from FIGS. 1 to 5, in example 1, different media had a significant effect on petiole diameter, plant height, leaf width and quality of individual seed tubers compared to comparative examples 1 to 7 under the same culture conditions. Therefore, the matrix for rapidly breeding the bulbil konjac small seed konjac is reasonable in proportion, provides sufficient nutrients for the late growth of the bulbil konjac tissue culture seedlings, enables konjac plants to be robust, and improves the diameter of leaf stalks, the plant height, the leaf width and the yield.
The foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and it should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, various modifications and decorations can be made without departing from the principle of the present invention, and these modifications and decorations should also be regarded as the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A matrix for rapidly breeding bulbil konjac microspecific konjac is characterized by comprising the following raw materials in parts by volume: 4-8 parts of peat soil or humus soil, 0-4 parts of laterite and 2 parts of rice bran.
2. A method of preparing the matrix of claim 1, comprising:
and uniformly mixing the raw materials, spraying 600-800 times of carbendazim solution, and sealing and fermenting for 20-30 days to obtain the matrix.
3. A method for rapidly breeding bulbil konjac small seed tubers is characterized by comprising the following steps:
hardening off the tissue culture seedlings of the amorphophallus bulbifer, transplanting the seedlings into the matrix of claim 1, culturing for 3-4 months, cutting off water and fertilizer, pouring the seedlings for 7-15 days, and harvesting the small seed konjac;
the seedling exercising comprises the following steps: and after the amorphophallus bulbifer tissue culture seedling is transplanted to a seedling hardening matrix, finishing hardening the seedling when the tissue culture seedling germinates a second plant.
4. The method as claimed in claim 3, wherein before transplanting the tissue culture seedling to the seedling hardening substrate, the method further comprises placing the tissue culture seedling in an environment with a temperature of 25-32 ℃, a humidity of 70% or more and a shading degree of 75-85% for 1-2 days.
5. The method as claimed in claim 3, wherein the seedling hardening matrix comprises peat soil and coconut coir, and the volume ratio of the peat soil to the coconut coir is (1-3): 1-3.
6. The method according to claim 3 or 5, wherein the water content of the seedling hardening matrix is 75-85%.
7. The method according to claim 3, wherein urea or a balanced compound fertilizer solution with 0.5-1.5 per mill of the mass of the hardening-seedling substrate is applied every 3-5 days after the tissue culture seedling is transplanted to the hardening-seedling substrate for 8-13 days.
8. The method according to claim 3, wherein the cultivation temperature is 25 to 32 ℃, the humidity is not less than 70%, and the shading degree is 75 to 85%.
9. The method according to claim 3, wherein sufficient rooting water is poured after the tissue culture seedlings are transplanted, and 600-800 times of carbendazim solution is sprayed.
10. The method as claimed in claim 3, wherein 700-900 times of potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution is sprayed on the leaf surface every 5-10 days after the tissue culture seedlings are transplanted and recovered to be upright.
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