CN103621217A - Gordonia acuminata seed germination and seedling raising method - Google Patents

Gordonia acuminata seed germination and seedling raising method Download PDF

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CN103621217A
CN103621217A CN201310548253.8A CN201310548253A CN103621217A CN 103621217 A CN103621217 A CN 103621217A CN 201310548253 A CN201310548253 A CN 201310548253A CN 103621217 A CN103621217 A CN 103621217A
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seed
husky
gordonia
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sand
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CN103621217B (en
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李仕裕
王发国
于海玲
陈红锋
邢福武
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South China Botanical Garden of CAS
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Abstract

The invention discloses a gordonia acuminata seed germination and seedling raising method. The method comprises the following steps: collecting gordonia acuminate fruits which have micro-cracks or are about to crack, coating the gordonia acuminate fruits with a medium containing 20-30% of water, then placing the coated gordonia acuminate fruits into a black bag, placing in an environment at the temperature of 20 DEG C-25 DEG C for 4-7d till the gordonia acuminate fruits have the micro-cracks, immediately shelling the fruits with the micro-cracks, retaining seed wings of taken seeds, selecting the full and complete seeds with the seed wings, uniformly mixing with wet sand, and storing at the temperature of 15 DEG C-25 DEG C for 25-30d, wherein the content of water in the wet sand is 10%-15% in the initial stage and is increased to 50% in the middle and late stages; soaking the seeds in a potassium permanganate solution with the mass fraction of 0.1%-0.2% for sterilization after storage; and turning, sunning and disinfecting a sand bed, smoothing the sand bed, completely pouring the sand bed with clear water, then seeding the seeds after sterilization in the sand bed, covering a light-shading layer on the sand bed, and watering or spraying for keeping moisture, wherein the seed germination temperature is 10 DEG C-25 DEG C, and the seeds germinate and grow till seedlings of the gordonia acuminate grow.

Description

A kind of Gordonia Acuminata seed germination and the method for growing seedlings
Technical field:
The invention belongs to plant propagation field, a kind of method that is specifically related to Gordonia Acuminata seed germination and grows seedlings
Background technology:
Gordonia Acuminata Gordonia axillaris (Roxb.ex Ker Gawl.) D.Dietr. is Theaceae Theaceae Genus Gordonmia Gordonia Ellis aiphyllium, is distributed in the ground such as Chinese Hainan, Guangdong, Guangxi, Taiwan, Hong Kong.High 5~15 meters.Its strain shape is attractive in appearance, spends pure white greatly and is opened autumn and winter, and fruit is close is born in branch above, and soon, drought-enduring, impoverishment tolerant, is a kind of new excellent Woody flower plant, can be used for garden, park or street planting and afforestation in growth.Meanwhile, Gordonia Acuminata also can be survived in the high contaminated region of aluminium ion concentration, and aluminium can be absorbed and store, and can provide stronger ecology service for environment.
As a kind of good Native Woody Vine flower plant, Gordonia Acuminata was once unanimously recommended by multidigit expert in building Green China, building the practical activity processes such as economizing type gardens, on market, show up prominently, but according to investigations, unstable even some batch of seed of seed germination rate of this kind do not sprouted, the demand that is difficult to meet production and market by excavating wild resource, existing urgent need is sought a kind of tame mating system.At present, the < < Gordonia Acuminata culture technique standard > > being promulgated by Guangdong Province Administration of Quality and Technology Supervision, a kind of Gordonia Acuminata culture technique is provided, its specifically after picking fruit air-dry striking getting shelling and collect seed, then rub seed wing, impurity elimination, is stored in ventilate shady and cool dry place or Sand culture; Sowing is let alone to be sowed in sand loam after cooling 24 hours with 50 ℃ of water seed soakings the previous day; Germination period approximately one month.Self-sow situation and artificial cultivation technique > > mono-literary composition thereof of the < < Gordonia Acuminata of delivering according to Zhuan Jinmou etc., the germination rate of Gordonia Acuminata is up to 43%.And these germinating times are long, the sprouting that germination rate is low and seedling-cultivating method far do not reach the breeding requirement of market to Gordonia Acuminata.
Summary of the invention:
The object of this invention is to provide a kind ofly draw materials conveniently, technology is simple, be easy to promote, the Gordonia Acuminata seed germination that sprout time is short, germination rate is high and the method for growing seedlings.
Gordonia Acuminata seed germination of the present invention and the method for growing seedlings, is characterized in that, comprises the following steps:
A, gather fine fisssure maybe by the Gordonia Acuminata fruit splitting, this Gordonia Acuminata fruit is encased with the medium of water content 20~30%, then put into black sack, be placed under 20 ℃~25 ℃ environment 4~7 days to fine fisssure, the fruit of fine fisssure is shelled immediately and gets kind of a reservation seed wing, select the full complete seed with seed wing and wet sand to mix in 15 ℃~25 ℃ storages 25~30 days, wet husky water content is 10%~15% in the early stage, middle and later periods increases to 50%, the wet husky vigor that is conducive to keep seed of processing, preserve the rear liquor potassic permanganate with mass fraction 0.1%~0.2% and soaked seed sterilizing,
B, sand bed is tedded and carried out disinfection, smooth husky bed also irrigates clear water, then the seed after sterilizing is sowed in husky bed, husky bed covers one deck shading net above, water or spraying and moisturizing, the Germination Temperature of seed is 10 ℃~25 ℃, and seed germination growth are until grow up to Gordonia Acuminata seedling.
Gordonia Acuminata seedling can be transplanted in nutritious bag or flowerpot, and as grown after 2 true leaves when seedling, now main root is to 10 centimetres, is transplanted in the nutritious bag or flowerpot that matrix is housed, and matrix is loess: peat soil=1:1 mixes thoroughly.In seed seedling-raising process, suitably use a small amount of fertilizer or leaf mould, be conducive to the growth of plant.At plant strain growth, be after seedling tends towards stability, partially opening shading net increases illumination, is conducive to plant and accepts more sunlight.
Described collection fine fisssure maybe by the Gordonia Acuminata fruit splitting preferably when mid or late October, 20~50% fruit on finding Gordonia Acuminata plant ftractureed, then gather fine fisssure maybe by the Gordonia Acuminata fruit splitting.
The liquor potassic permanganate of described use 0.1%~0.2% soaks seed sterilizing, and its soak time is preferably 2 hours.
Described medium is preferably paper handkerchief.
Described husky bed being tedded preferably prior to seeding makes the sand on 15 centimetres, top layer in rarefaction quiet solarization the scarifying of husky bed in three days, it is upper that described sterilization is preferably sprayed at the husky bed of scarifying with 500~800 times of liquid of fenaminosulf 75% soluble powder, husky complete wet to top layer.
Described smooth husky bed also irrigates clear water, is preferable over husky carrying out for the 4th day of tedding; Described seed is sowed at husky bed, and preferably drilling covers husky thick 4~6 centimetres on seed, and seed is apart from least 8 centimetres of husky bed bottoms; Described shading net, preferably on matrix, to cover shading rate be 70% shading net 1.5~1.8 meters of; Described watering or spraying, and preferably carries out at twice in 5 of 9 of every mornings and afternoons.
The new Gordonia Acuminata seed demand of plucking is ensconced through sand after a while could full maturity on physiology.During husky Tibetan, the Physiology and biochemistry that seed has experienced series of complex changes, and as the activity of various enzymes further reduces, respiration weakens, and makes protoplasm colloid in solidifying de-state, promotes that seed is resting state, thereby makes seed complete afterripening.Treat that it completes After-ripening, could germination and emergence.The seed of processing through after-ripening improves approximately 20% than the seeding ratio of processing without after-ripening; Seedling-growing time 25 days in advance.The ratio that retains seed wing goes the seeding ratio of seed wing to improve approximately 10%.With liquor potassic permanganate, soak seed, and spray matrix with fenaminosulf, can play the function of sterilizing, reduce on the one hand the possibility that can not sprout due to Gordonia Acuminata seed outer thereby that cause, the bud of protecting on the other hand seed to send, is conducive to emerge.Seed is the brood body of plant, and it has certain resting stage conventionally, and breaking dormancy how can be required according to different seed germinations.There is certain dormancy in Gordonia Acuminata seed, by conjunction with temperature, illumination and suitable growth substrate, can break its dormancy completely, and seeding ratio can reach more than 85%.Moistening husky bed can be built loose penetrating suitable habitats to Gordonia Acuminata, is convenient to receive illumination, absorbs moisture and nutrient component.
The present invention is understanding on Gordonia Acuminata seed physiology characteristic basis, by after-ripening, process and breaking dormancy, improved the emergence rate of Gordonia Acuminata seed, solved the needed seed seedling-raising problem of artificial cultivation, sprout time has shortened half, and germination rate has improved approximately one times, can carry out artificial cultivation by sowing and breed, substantially reach the needs of commercially producing, meet and produce and the market demand better.
Embodiment:
Following examples are to further illustrate of the present invention, rather than limitation of the present invention.
Embodiment 1:
In mid or late October, when on finding plant, 50% Gordonia Acuminata fruit has ftractureed, gathering fresh maturation is fine fisssure and maybe will splits the Gordonia Acuminata fruit of shape, this fruit is encased and packed in black plastic bag with the paper handkerchief of water content 20%, be placed on 20 ℃~25 ℃ indoor 4~7 days to fine fisssure, the fruit of fine fisssure is shelled immediately and gets kind of a reservation seed wing, select the full seed with complete seed wing, after wet husky mixing, be stored in large pallet plank also with water-holding capacity approximately 15% and build and be positioned over 15 ℃~25 ℃ indoor.It is 15% that the last fortnight keeps husky water-holding capacity every day; The 3rd week starts, increases gradually water-holding capacity; 4th week starts, and water-holding capacity can increase to 50%.The 30th day with mass fraction 0.2% liquor potassic permanganate soak above-mentioned through with wet husky mixed processing after band wing seed 2 hours, drain stand-by.Within the 27th day, by sand bed, (husky bed upper strata is fine sand, husky bed bottom should be accompanied and be put a little haydites, vermiculite in sand, to permeable prevention waterlogging) ted and make the sand on 15 centimetres, top layer in rarefaction quiet solarization, and 800 times of liquid of fenaminosulf 75% soluble powder are sprayed on the husky bed of scarifying, husky complete wet to top layer, put 3 days, the smooth husky bed irrigate clear water in the 30th day, then use several sons of quartering, seed bar after sterilization is sowed in husky bed, 8~10 centimetres of line spaces, dark 4~6 centimetres (being on seed, to cover husky thick 4~6 centimetres), seed is apart from least 8 centimetres of husky bed bottoms.To cover one deck shading rate be 70% shading net to husky bed 1.5 meters of above, waters respectively or spraying and moisturizing in 5 of 9 of every mornings and afternoons; The Germination Temperature of seed is 10~25 ℃.After 20 days, start to break ground, after 3 months, emergence rate reaches 85%, and plant strain growth is until grow up to Gordonia Acuminata seedling.Substantially reach the raw material needs of commercialization plant development.In seed germination and seedling raising process, suitably use a small amount of fertilizer, after plant strain growth is good, partially open shade net, be beneficial to plant and accept more illumination, its growing way can be better.When seedling, grow after 2 true leaves, now main root is to 10 centimetres, is transplanted in the nutritious bag or flowerpot that matrix is housed, and matrix is loess: peat soil=1:1 mixes thoroughly.
Embodiment 2:
In mid or late October, when on finding plant, 20% Gordonia Acuminata fruit has ftractureed, gathering fresh maturation is fine fisssure and maybe will splits the Gordonia Acuminata fruit of shape, this fruit is encased and packed in black plastic bag with the paper handkerchief of water content 30%, be placed on 20 ℃~25 ℃ indoor 7 days to fine fisssure, the fruit of fine fisssure is shelled to get kind immediately retains a seed wing, selects the full seed with complete seed wing, is stored in large pallet plank also builds and be positioned over 15 ℃~25 ℃ indoor with water-holding capacity approximately 10% after wet husky mixing.It is 10% that the last fortnight keeps husky water-holding capacity every day; The 3rd week starts, increases gradually water-holding capacity; Within the 21st day, start can increase to 50% to 25 days water-holding capacity, afterwards with mass fraction 0.1% liquor potassic permanganate soak above-mentioned through with wet husky mixed processing after band wing seed 2 hours, drain stand-by.(husky bed upper strata is fine sand by sand bed to sow first 3 days, husky bed bottom should be accompanied and be put a little haydites, vermiculite in sand, to permeable prevention waterlogging) ted and make the sand on 15 centimetres, top layer in rarefaction quiet solarization, and 500 times of liquid of fenaminosulf 75% soluble powder are sprayed on the husky bed of scarifying, husky complete wet to top layer, put 3 days, then smooth husky bed irrigate clear water, use again several sons of quartering, seed bar after sterilization is sowed in husky bed, 8~10 centimetres of line spaces, dark 4~6 centimetres (being on seed, to cover husky thick 4~6 centimetres), seed is apart from least 8 centimetres of husky bed bottoms.To cover one deck shading rate be 70% shading net to husky bed 1.8 meters of above, waters respectively or spraying and moisturizing in 5 of 9 of every mornings and afternoons; The Germination Temperature of seed is 10~25 ℃.After 18 days, start to break ground, after 3 months, emergence rate reaches 85%, and plant strain growth is until grow up to Gordonia Acuminata seedling.Substantially reach the raw material needs of commercialization plant development.In seed germination and seedling raising process, suitably use a small amount of fertilizer, after plant strain growth is good, partially open shade net, be beneficial to plant and accept more illumination, its growing way can be better.When seedling, grow after 2 true leaves, now main root is to 10 centimetres, is transplanted in the nutritious bag or flowerpot that matrix is housed, and matrix is loess: peat soil=1:1 mixes thoroughly.
Embodiment 3:
In mid or late October, when on finding plant, 40% Gordonia Acuminata fruit has ftractureed, gathering fresh maturation is fine fisssure and maybe will splits the Gordonia Acuminata fruit of shape, this fruit is encased and packed in black plastic bag with the paper handkerchief of water content 20%, be placed on 20 ℃~25 ℃ indoor 4 days to fine fisssure, the fruit of fine fisssure is shelled to get kind immediately retains a seed wing, selects the full seed with complete seed wing, is stored in large pallet plank also builds and be positioned over 15 ℃~25 ℃ indoor with water-holding capacity approximately 15% after wet husky mixing.Storage time is 28 days, and it is 15% that the last fortnight keeps husky water-holding capacity every day; The 15th day starts, increases gradually water-holding capacity; The 21st day started by the 28th day, and water-holding capacity can increase to 50%, afterwards with mass fraction 0.1% liquor potassic permanganate soak above-mentioned through with wet husky mixed processing after band wing seed 2 hours, drain stand-by.(husky bed upper strata is fine sand by sand bed to sow first 3 days, husky bed bottom should be accompanied and be put a little haydites, vermiculite in sand, to permeable prevention waterlogging) ted and make the sand on 15 centimetres, upper strata in rarefaction quiet solarization, and 800 times of liquid of fenaminosulf 75% soluble powder are sprayed on the husky bed of scarifying, husky complete wet to top layer, put 3 days, then smooth husky bed irrigate clear water, use again several sons of quartering, seed bar after sterilization is sowed in husky bed, 8~10 centimetres of line spaces, dark 4~6 centimetres (being on seed, to cover husky thick 4~6 centimetres), seed is apart from least 8 centimetres of husky bed bottoms.To cover one deck shading rate be 70% shading net to husky bed 1.8 meters of above, waters respectively or spraying and moisturizing in 5 of 9 of every mornings and afternoons; The Germination Temperature of seed is 10~25 ℃.After 20 days, start to break ground, after 3 months, emergence rate reaches 87%, and plant strain growth is until grow up to Gordonia Acuminata seedling.Substantially reach the raw material needs of commercialization plant development.In seed germination and seedling raising process, suitably use a small amount of fertilizer, after plant strain growth is good, partially open shade net, be beneficial to plant and accept more illumination, its growing way can be better.When seedling, grow after 2 true leaves, now main root is to 10 centimetres, is transplanted in the nutritious bag or flowerpot that matrix is housed, and matrix is loess: peat soil=1:1 mixes thoroughly.
Comparative example 1:
In mid or late October, when on finding plant, 50% Gordonia Acuminata fruit has ftractureed, gathering fresh maturation is fine fisssure and maybe will splits the Gordonia Acuminata fruit of shape, this fruit is encased and packed in black plastic bag with the paper handkerchief of water content 20%, be placed on 20 ℃~25 ℃ indoor 4~7 days to fine fisssure, the fruit of fine fisssure is shelled to get immediately and kind remove seed wing, select the full seed that removes seed wing, after wet husky mixing, be stored in large pallet plank also with water-holding capacity approximately 15% and build and be positioned over 15 ℃~25 ℃ indoor.It is 15% that the last fortnight keeps husky water-holding capacity every day; The 3rd week starts, increases gradually water-holding capacity; 4th week starts, and water-holding capacity can increase to 50%.The 30th day with mass fraction 0.2% liquor potassic permanganate soak above-mentioned through with wet husky mixed processing after remove wing seed 2 hours, drain stand-by.Within the 27th day, by sand bed, (husky bed upper strata is fine sand, husky bed bottom should be accompanied and be put a little haydites, vermiculite in sand, to permeable prevention waterlogging) ted and make the sand on 15 centimetres, top layer in rarefaction quiet solarization, and 800 times of liquid of fenaminosulf 75% soluble powder are sprayed on the husky bed of scarifying, husky complete wet to top layer, put 3 days, the smooth husky bed irrigate clear water in the 30th day, then use several sons of quartering, seed bar after sterilization is sowed in husky bed, 8~10 centimetres of line spaces, dark 4~6 centimetres (being on seed, to cover husky thick 4~6 centimetres), seed is apart from least 8 centimetres of husky bed bottoms.To cover one deck shading rate be 70% shading net to husky bed 1.5 meters of above, waters respectively or spraying and moisturizing in 5 of 9 of every mornings and afternoons; The Germination Temperature of seed is 10~25 ℃.
After 20 days, start to break ground, after 3 months, emergence rate reaches 63%, and plant strain growth is until grow up to Gordonia Acuminata seedling.
Comparative example 2:
In mid or late October, when on finding plant, 50% Gordonia Acuminata fruit has ftractureed, gathering fresh maturation is fine fisssure and maybe will splits the Gordonia Acuminata fruit of shape, the fruit of fine fisssure is shelled immediately and gets kind of a reservation seed wing, select the full seed with complete seed wing, without after-ripening, process, directly with mass fraction 0.2% liquor potassic permanganate, soak band wing seed 2 hours, drain stand-by.Within the 27th day, by sand bed, (husky bed upper strata is fine sand, husky bed bottom should be accompanied and be put a little haydites, vermiculite in sand, to permeable prevention waterlogging) ted and make the sand on 15 centimetres, top layer in rarefaction quiet solarization, and 800 times of liquid of fenaminosulf 75% soluble powder are sprayed on the husky bed of scarifying, husky complete wet to top layer, put 3 days, the smooth husky bed irrigate clear water in the 30th day, then use several sons of quartering, seed bar after sterilization is sowed in husky bed, 8~10 centimetres of line spaces, dark 4~6 centimetres (being on seed, to cover husky thick 4~6 centimetres), seed is apart from least 8 centimetres of husky bed bottoms.To cover one deck shading rate be 70% shading net to husky bed 1.5 meters of above, waters respectively or spraying and moisturizing in 5 of 9 of every mornings and afternoons; The Germination Temperature of seed is 10~25 ℃.
After 45 days, start to break ground, after 4 months, emergence rate reaches 64%.
Comparative example 3:
In mid or late October, when on finding plant, 50% Gordonia Acuminata fruit has ftractureed, gathering fresh maturation is fine fisssure and maybe will splits the Gordonia Acuminata fruit of shape, this fruit is encased and packed in black plastic bag with the paper handkerchief of water content 20%, be placed on 20 ℃~25 ℃ indoor 4~7 days to fine fisssure, the fruit of fine fisssure is shelled immediately and gets kind of a reservation seed wing, select the full seed with complete seed wing, after wet husky mixing, be stored in large pallet plank also with water-holding capacity approximately 15% and build and be positioned over 15 ℃~25 ℃ indoor.It is 15% that the last fortnight keeps husky water-holding capacity every day; The 3rd week starts, increases gradually water-holding capacity; 4th week starts, and water-holding capacity can increase to 50%.The 30th day with mass fraction 0.2% liquor potassic permanganate soak above-mentioned through with wet husky mixed processing after band wing seed 2 hours, drain stand-by.The 30th day by the matrix preparing and pack pallet into, then uses several sons of quartering, the seed bar after sterilization is sowed in pallet to 2~3 centimetres of line spaces, dark 3~4 centimetres.Above pallet, to cover one deck shading rate be 70% shading net 1.5 meters of, waters respectively or spraying and moisturizing in 5 of 9 of every mornings and afternoons; The Germination Temperature of seed is 10~25 ℃.Described matrix, its composition and mass ratio are loess: river sand: peat soil=2:1:3 mixes and forms.
After 50 days, start to break ground, after 5 months, emergence rate reaches 13%.
By above 3 embodiment and 3 comparative examples, can find out: through after-ripening, process and (Gordonia Acuminata fruit is encased with the medium of water content 20~30%, then put into black sack, be placed under 20 ℃~25 ℃ environment 4~5 days to fine fisssure, the fruit of fine fisssure is shelled to get kind immediately retains a seed wing, selects the full complete seed with seed wing and wet sand to mix in 15 ℃~25 ℃ storages 25~30 days) seed than seed (comparative example 2) emergence rate of processing without after-ripening, improve approximately 20% and also within 20 days, break ground in advance; The seed that retains seed wing improves approximately 20% than seed (comparative example 1) emergence rate except seed wing; Husky bed material load is more suitable for seed germination than the matrix being configured to by loess, river sand and peat soil in pallet (comparative example 3), and emergence rate has almost improved 70%.

Claims (6)

1. Gordonia Acuminata seed germination and a method of growing seedlings, is characterized in that, comprises the following steps:
A, collection fine fisssure are maybe by the Gordonia Acuminata fruit splitting, this Gordonia Acuminata fruit is encased with the medium of water content 20~30%, then put into black sack, be placed under 20 ℃~25 ℃ environment 4~7 days to fine fisssure, the fruit of fine fisssure is shelled immediately and gets kind of a reservation seed wing, select the full complete seed with seed wing and wet sand to mix in 15 ℃~25 ℃ storages 25~30 days, wet husky water content is 10%~15% in the early stage, middle and later periods increases to 50%, has preserved the rear liquor potassic permanganate with mass fraction 0.1%~0.2% and has soaked seed sterilizing;
B, sand bed is tedded and carried out disinfection, smooth husky bed also irrigates clear water, then the seed after sterilizing is sowed in husky bed, husky bed covers one deck shading net above, water or spraying and moisturizing, the Germination Temperature of seed is 10 ℃~25 ℃, and seed germination growth are until grow up to Gordonia Acuminata seedling.
2. method according to claim 1, is characterized in that, described collection fine fisssure is maybe by the Gordonia Acuminata fruit splitting when mid or late October, 20~50% fruit on finding Gordonia Acuminata plant ftractureed, then gathers fine fisssure maybe by the Gordonia Acuminata fruit splitting.
3. method according to claim 1, is characterized in that, the liquor potassic permanganate of described use 0.1%~0.2% soaks seed sterilizing, and its soak time is 2 hours.
4. method according to claim 1, is characterized in that, described medium is paper handkerchief.
5. method according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, described husky bed is tedded is within three days, to make the sand on 15 centimetres, top layer in rarefaction quiet solarization the scarifying of husky bed prior to seeding, described sterilization is that with 500~800 times of liquid of fenaminosulf 75% soluble powder, to be sprayed at the husky bed of scarifying upper, husky complete wet to top layer.
6. method according to claim 1, is characterized in that, described smooth husky bed also irrigates clear water, is carrying out for the 4th day of tedding in husky bed; Described seed is sowed at husky bed, is drilling, covers husky thick 4~6 centimetres on seed, and seed is apart from least 8 centimetres of husky bed bottoms; Described shading net is that to cover shading rate be 70% shading net 1.5~1.8 meters of on matrix; Described watering or spraying, and is to carry out at twice 5 of 9 of every mornings and afternoons.
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CN106538367A (en) * 2016-10-26 2017-03-29 广西南亚热带农业科学研究所 Sugarcane axillary bud seedling method for inducing and cultivating
CN110419376A (en) * 2019-08-28 2019-11-08 毛平 Malania oleifera nutrient bag seeding cultivating method

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