CN103621217B - Gordonia acuminata seed germination and seedling raising method - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a method for seed germination and seedling cultivation of kohlrabi tea. It is to collect micro-cracked or cracked kotocha fruit, wrap the kotocha fruit with a medium with a water content of 20-30%, then put it into a black bag, and put it in an environment of 20℃～25℃ for 4-7 days To micro-cracked fruit, the seeds of the micro-cracked fruit were shelled immediately and the seeds were kept, and the seeds with full wings were selected and mixed with wet sand and stored at 15°C-25°C for 25-30 days. The water content of the wet sand was 10% to 15% in the early stage, and increase to 50% in the middle and late stages. After storage, soak the seeds in potassium permanganate solution with a mass fraction of 0.1% to 0.2% to sterilize them; turn the sand bed in the sun and disinfect it, level the sand bed and water Clear water, and then sow the sterilized seeds in the sand bed, cover the sand bed with a layer of shading net, water or spray moisture, the germination temperature of the seeds is 10 ℃ ~ 25 ℃, the seeds germinate and grow until they grow into adult Bulk tea seedlings.

Description

A kind of method of tea seed germination and seedling raising

Technical field:

The invention belongs to the field of plant propagation, and in particular relates to a method for seed germination and seedling cultivation of kotocha

Background technique:

Gordonia axillaris (Roxb. ex Ker Gawl.) D. Dietr. is an evergreen tree of the genus Gordonia Ellis of the Theaceae family Theaceae, distributed in Hainan, Guangdong, Guangxi, Taiwan, Hong Kong and other places in China. 5-15 meters high. Its plant shape is beautiful, the flowers are large and white, and it blooms in autumn and winter. The fruit is densely grown on the branches. It grows fast and is resistant to drought and barrenness. . At the same time, kotocha can also survive in polluted areas with high concentration of aluminum ions, and can absorb and store aluminum, which can provide strong ecological services for the environment.

As an excellent native woody flower plant, Datoucha has been unanimously recommended by many experts in the process of building a green China and building a conservation-oriented garden, and has emerged in the market. The yield is unstable and even some batches of seeds do not germinate at all. It is difficult to meet the needs of production and the market by digging wild resources, so it is urgent to find a breeding method of artificial cultivation. At present, the "Technical Specifications for the Cultivation of Bulk Tea" promulgated by the Guangdong Provincial Quality and Technical Supervision Bureau provides a kind of cultivation technology for Bulk Tea, which is specifically to air-dry after harvesting the fruit and knock out the shells to collect the seeds, then rub the seeds and remove the wings. Miscellaneous, stored in a ventilated, cool and dry place or treated in sand; soak the seeds in warm water at 50°C the day before sowing, let it cool for 24 hours and then sow in sandy loam; the germination period is about one month. According to the article "Natural Growth Conditions and Artificial Cultivation Techniques of Bulk Tea" published by Zhuang Jinmou et al., the germination rate of Bulk Tea is as high as 43%. And these germination time is long, and germination and seedling raising method with low germination rate are far from reaching the breeding requirements of the market for big head tea.

Invention content:

The purpose of the present invention is to provide a method for germinating and growing seedlings of kotsucha seeds with convenient materials, simple technology, easy popularization, short germination time and high germination rate.

The method for germination and seedling cultivation of koitou tea seeds of the present invention is characterized in that it comprises the following steps:

a. Collect micro-cracked or cracked kotocha fruit, wrap the kotocha fruit with a medium with a water content of 20-30%, then put it into a black bag, and put it in an environment of 20°C-25°C for 4-7 days To micro-cracked fruit, the seeds of the micro-cracked fruit were shelled immediately and the seeds were kept, and the seeds with full wings were selected and mixed with wet sand and stored at 15°C-25°C for 25-30 days. The water content of the wet sand was It is 10% to 15% in the early stage, and it increases to 50% in the middle and late stages. Wet sand treatment is beneficial to maintain the vitality of the seeds. After storage, soak the seeds in potassium permanganate solution with a mass fraction of 0.1% to 0.2% to sterilize them;

b. Turn the sand bed in the sun and disinfect it, level the sand bed and pour clear water thoroughly, then sow the sterilized seeds in the sand bed, cover the sand bed with a layer of shading net, water or spray to moisturize, and the seeds will germinate The temperature is 10°C to 25°C, and the seeds germinate and grow until they grow into small seedlings of Datoucha.

Bulk tea seedlings can be transplanted into nutrition bags or flower pots. For example, when the seedlings have grown 2 true leaves, the main root can reach 10 cm at this time. Transplant them into nutrition bags or flower pots with substrate. For loess: peat soil = 1:1 and mix well. In the seedling raising process, appropriate application of a small amount of organic fertilizer or leaf humus is beneficial to the growth of plants. After the plants grow into seedlings and tend to be stable, partially open the shading net to increase the light, which is beneficial for the plants to receive more sunlight.

The collection of micro-cracked or about-cracked kotocha fruits is preferably collected in mid-to-late October when 20-50% of the fruits on the kotocha plants are found to have cracked.

The 0.1%-0.2% potassium permanganate solution is used to sterilize the seeds by soaking them, and the soaking time is preferably 2 hours.

The medium is preferably paper towel.

It is preferable to turn the sand bed in the sun three days before sowing to loosen the sand bed so that the sand of 15 cm on the surface is in a loose state and to dry it quietly. Spray the liquid on the loosened sand bed until the surface sand is completely wet.

Said leveling the sand bed and pouring clear water, preferably carried out on the fourth day after the sand bed is turned over; the seeds are sown on the sand bed, preferably in drill, and the sand is covered with a thickness of 4 to 6 cm on the seeds, and the distance between the seeds and the bottom of the sand bed is 4-6 cm. At least 8 cm; the shading net is preferably covered with a shading net with a shading rate of 70% at 1.5 to 1.8 meters above the substrate; the watering or spraying is preferably carried out twice a day at 9:00 am and 5:00 pm .

Freshly picked kohlrabi seeds need to go through a period of sand storage to fully mature physiologically. During the sand storage, the seeds experienced a series of complex physiological and biochemical changes, such as the further reduction of the activity of various enzymes, the weakening of respiration, and the condensation of the protoplast colloid, which promoted the dormancy of the seeds, so that the seeds completed the post-ripening effect. . Seedlings can germinate only after the ripening process is completed. The emergence rate of the seeds treated with post-ripening treatment is about 20% higher than that of the seeds without post-ripening treatment; the emergence time is 25 days earlier. The germination rate of seeds with wings kept is about 10% higher than that without wings. Soaking the seeds with potassium permanganate solution and spraying the matrix with dimethone can play a role in sterilization and disinfection. On the one hand, it can reduce the possibility that the seeds of Datou tea cannot germinate due to external factors, and on the other hand, it can protect the buds from the seeds. conducive to germination. Seeds are propagules of plants, and they usually have a certain period of dormancy. How to break dormancy depends on the needs of different seeds for germination. There is a certain dormancy in the seeds of rutabaga, which can be completely broken by combining temperature, light and suitable growth substrate treatment, and the seed emergence rate can reach more than 85%. The moist sand bed can create a loose and transparent suitable habitat for the big head tea, which is convenient for receiving light, absorbing water and nutrients.

The present invention improves the seedling emergence rate of the tea seed by post-ripening treatment and breaking dormancy on the basis of understanding the physiological characteristics of the tea seed, solves the problem of seedling cultivation required by artificial cultivation, shortens the germination time by half, and improves the germination rate It is about doubled, so that it can carry out artificial cultivation and breeding through sowing, basically meeting the needs of commercial production, and better meeting production and market demand.

Detailed ways:

The following examples are to further illustrate the present invention, rather than limit the present invention.

Example 1:

In mid-to-late October, when 50% of the rutabaga fruit on the plant is found to have cracked, collect fresh and ripe rutabaga fruit that is slightly cracked or about to crack, wrap the fruit with a paper towel with a water content of 20% and put it in Put it in a black plastic bag and put it in a room at 20°C to 25°C for 4 to 7 days until it cracks slightly. Hull the slightly cracked fruit immediately and take the seeds to keep the seed wings. Choose plump seeds with complete seed wings, and the water holding capacity is about 15. % Wet sand is mixed and stored in large trays and covered with wooden boards and placed in a room at 15°C to 25°C. In the first two weeks, keep the water holding capacity of the sand at 15% every day; from the third week, gradually increase the water holding capacity; from the fourth week, the water holding capacity can be increased to 50%. On the 30th day, soak the above-mentioned winged seeds mixed with wet sand with 0.2% potassium permanganate solution for 2 hours, drain and set aside. On the 27th day, turn the sand bed (the upper layer of the sand bed is fine sand, and the bottom of the sand bed should be accompanied by some ceramsite and vermiculite in the sand, so as to prevent water and waterlogging) and turn the sand in the surface layer of 15 cm in a loose state and dry it quietly. Spray 800 times liquid of 75% soluble powder of Dixon on the loosened sand bed until the surface sand is completely wet, let it stand for 3 days, level the sand bed on the 30th day and pour clear water thoroughly, then use the quartering method to count the seeds. The sterilized seeds are drilled in the sand bed, with a row spacing of 8-10 cm and a depth of 4-6 cm (that is, the sand covering the seeds is 4-6 cm thick), and the distance between the seeds and the bottom of the sand bed is at least 8 cm. The 1.5 meters above the sand bed is covered with a layer of shading net with a shading rate of 70%. Watering or spraying is carried out at 9:00 am and 5:00 pm every day to moisturize; the germination temperature of the seeds is 10-25°C. After 20 days, the soil began to break, and after 3 months, the emergence rate reached 85%, and the plants grew until they grew into small seedlings of Datoucha. Basically meet the needs of raw materials for commercial planting and production. In the process of seed germination and seedling raising, apply a small amount of organic fertilizer appropriately. After the plants grow well, partially open the shade net, which will help the plants receive more light, and their growth will be better. When the seedlings have grown 2 true leaves, the main root can be up to 10 cm long at this time, and transplanted into a nutrition bag or a flower pot with a substrate, the substrate is loess: peat soil = 1:1 and mixed well.

Example 2:

In mid-to-late October, when 20% of the kotocha fruit on the plant is found to have cracked, collect fresh and ripe kotocha fruit that is slightly cracked or about to crack, wrap the fruit with a paper towel with a water content of 30% and put it in Put it in a black plastic bag, put it in a room at 20°C to 25°C for 7 days until it cracks slightly, shell the slightly cracked fruit immediately, take the seeds and keep the seed wings, choose plump seeds with complete seed wings, and wet them with a water holding capacity of about 10% After the sand is mixed, store it in a large tray and cover it with a wooden board and place it in a room at 15°C to 25°C. For the first two weeks, keep the water holding capacity of the sand at 10% every day; from the third week, gradually increase the water holding capacity; from the 21st day to the 25th day, the water holding capacity can be increased to 50%, and then soak in 0.1% potassium permanganate solution The above-mentioned winged seeds were mixed with wet sand for 2 hours, and drained for later use. 3 days before sowing, turn the sand bed (the upper layer of the sand bed is fine sand, and the bottom of the sand bed should be accompanied by some ceramsite and vermiculite in the sand to prevent water and waterlogging). Spray 500 times of Dikesone 75% soluble powder on the loosened sand bed until the surface sand is completely wet, let it stand for 3 days, then level the sand bed and pour clear water thoroughly, then use the quartering method to count the seeds, and the sterilized Seeds are drilled in the sand bed, the row spacing is 8-10 cm, the depth is 4-6 cm (that is, the sand covering the seeds is 4-6 cm thick), and the seed is at least 8 cm away from the bottom of the sand bed. The 1.8 meters above the sand bed is covered with a layer of shading net with a shading rate of 70%. Watering or spraying is carried out at 9:00 am and 5:00 pm every day to moisturize; the germination temperature of the seeds is 10-25°C. After 18 days, the soil began to break, and after 3 months, the emergence rate reached 85%, and the plants grew until they grew into small seedlings of Datoucha. Basically meet the needs of raw materials for commercial planting and production. In the process of seed germination and seedling raising, apply a small amount of organic fertilizer appropriately. After the plants grow well, partially open the shade net, which will help the plants receive more light, and their growth will be better. When the seedlings have grown 2 true leaves, the main root can be up to 10 cm long at this time, and transplanted into a nutrition bag or a flower pot with a substrate, the substrate is loess: peat soil = 1:1 and mixed well.

Example 3:

In mid-to-late October, when 40% of the kotocha fruits on the plant are found to have cracked, collect fresh and ripe kotocha fruits that are slightly cracked or about to crack, wrap the fruit with a paper towel with a water content of 20% and put it in Put it in a black plastic bag and put it in a room at 20°C to 25°C for 4 days until it is slightly cracked. The slightly cracked fruit should be shelled immediately, and the seeds should be removed to keep the seed wings. After the sand is mixed, store it in a large tray and cover it with a wooden board and place it in a room at 15°C to 25°C. The storage time is 28 days, and the water holding capacity of the sand is kept at 15% every day for the first two weeks; from the 15th day, the water holding capacity is gradually increased; from the 21st day to the 28th day, the water holding capacity can be increased to 50%, and then the mass fraction Soak the above-mentioned winged seeds mixed with wet sand in 0.1% potassium permanganate solution for 2 hours, drain and set aside. 3 days before sowing, turn the sand bed (the upper layer of the sand bed is fine sand, and the bottom of the sand bed should be accompanied by some ceramsite and vermiculite in the sand to prevent water and waterlogging). Spray 800 times of Dikesone 75% soluble powder on the loosened sand bed until the surface sand is completely wet, let it stand for 3 days, then level the sand bed and pour clear water thoroughly, then use the quartering method to count the seeds, and the sterilized Seeds are drilled in the sand bed, the row spacing is 8-10 cm, the depth is 4-6 cm (that is, the sand covering the seeds is 4-6 cm thick), and the seed is at least 8 cm away from the bottom of the sand bed. The 1.8 meters above the sand bed is covered with a layer of shading net with a shading rate of 70%. Watering or spraying is carried out at 9:00 am and 5:00 pm every day to moisturize; the germination temperature of the seeds is 10-25°C. After 20 days, the soil began to break, and after 3 months, the emergence rate reached 87%, and the plants grew until they grew into small seedlings of Datoucha. Basically meet the needs of raw materials for commercial planting and production. In the process of seed germination and seedling raising, apply a small amount of organic fertilizer appropriately. After the plants grow well, partially open the shade net, which will help the plants receive more light, and their growth will be better. When the seedlings have grown 2 true leaves, the main root can be up to 10 cm long at this time, and transplanted into a nutrition bag or a flower pot with a substrate, the substrate is loess: peat soil = 1:1 and mixed well.

Comparative example 1:

In mid-to-late October, when 50% of the rutabaga fruit on the plant is found to have cracked, collect fresh and ripe rutabaga fruit that is slightly cracked or about to crack, wrap the fruit with a paper towel with a water content of 20% and put it in Put it in a black plastic bag and put it in a room at 20°C to 25°C for 4 to 7 days until it cracks slightly. For the slightly cracked fruit, immediately remove the seeds and remove the wings. After the sand is mixed, store it in a large tray and cover it with a wooden board and place it in a room at 15°C to 25°C. In the first two weeks, keep the water holding capacity of the sand at 15% every day; from the third week, gradually increase the water holding capacity; from the fourth week, the water holding capacity can be increased to 50%. On the 30th day, soak the above-mentioned dewinged seeds that have been mixed with wet sand with 0.2% potassium permanganate solution for 2 hours, drain and set aside. On the 27th day, turn the sand bed (the upper layer of the sand bed is fine sand, and the bottom of the sand bed should be accompanied by some ceramsite and vermiculite in the sand, so as to prevent water and waterlogging) and turn the sand in the surface layer of 15 cm in a loose state and dry it quietly. Spray 800 times liquid of 75% soluble powder of Dixon on the loosened sand bed until the surface sand is completely wet, let it stand for 3 days, level the sand bed on the 30th day and pour clear water thoroughly, then use the quartering method to count the seeds. The sterilized seeds are drilled in the sand bed, with a row spacing of 8-10 cm and a depth of 4-6 cm (that is, the sand covering the seeds is 4-6 cm thick), and the distance between the seeds and the bottom of the sand bed is at least 8 cm. The 1.5 meters above the sand bed is covered with a layer of shading net with a shading rate of 70%. Watering or spraying is carried out at 9:00 am and 5:00 pm every day to moisturize; the germination temperature of the seeds is 10-25°C.

After 20 days, the soil began to break, and after 3 months, the emergence rate reached 63%, and the plants grew until they grew into small seedlings of Datoucha.

Comparative example 2:

In mid-to-late October, when 50% of the rutabaga fruits on the plant are found to have cracked, collect fresh and mature rutabaga fruits that are micro-cracked or about to crack, and immediately shell the slightly-cracked fruits and take seeds to keep the seed wings. The plump seeds with complete seed wings are directly soaked with 0.2% potassium permanganate solution for 2 hours without post-ripening treatment, and drained for later use. On the 27th day, turn the sand bed (the upper layer of the sand bed is fine sand, and the bottom of the sand bed should be accompanied by some ceramsite and vermiculite in the sand, so as to prevent water and waterlogging) and turn the sand in the surface layer of 15 cm in a loose state and dry it quietly. Spray 800 times liquid of 75% soluble powder of Dixon on the loosened sand bed until the surface sand is completely wet, let it stand for 3 days, level the sand bed on the 30th day and pour clear water thoroughly, then use the quartering method to count the seeds. The sterilized seeds are drilled in the sand bed, with a row spacing of 8-10 cm and a depth of 4-6 cm (that is, the sand covering the seeds is 4-6 cm thick), and the distance between the seeds and the bottom of the sand bed is at least 8 cm. The 1.5 meters above the sand bed is covered with a layer of shading net with a shading rate of 70%. Watering or spraying is carried out at 9:00 am and 5:00 pm every day to moisturize; the germination temperature of the seeds is 10-25°C.

After 45 days, the soil began to break, and the emergence rate reached 64% after 4 months.

Comparative example 3:

In mid-to-late October, when 50% of the rutabaga fruit on the plant is found to have cracked, collect fresh and ripe rutabaga fruit that is slightly cracked or about to crack, wrap the fruit with a paper towel with a water content of 20% and put it in Put it in a black plastic bag and put it in a room at 20°C to 25°C for 4 to 7 days until it cracks slightly. Hull the slightly cracked fruit immediately and take the seeds to keep the seed wings. Choose plump seeds with complete seed wings, and the water holding capacity is about 15. % Wet sand is mixed and stored in large trays and covered with wooden boards and placed in a room at 15°C to 25°C. In the first two weeks, keep the water holding capacity of the sand at 15% every day; from the third week, gradually increase the water holding capacity; from the fourth week, the water holding capacity can be increased to 50%. On the 30th day, soak the above-mentioned winged seeds mixed with wet sand with 0.2% potassium permanganate solution for 2 hours, drain and set aside. On the 30th day, the prepared matrix was put into trays, and then the seeds were counted by quartering, and the sterilized seeds were sown in strips on the trays, with a row spacing of 2 to 3 cm and a depth of 3 to 4 cm. A layer of shading net with a shading rate of 70% is covered 1.5 meters above the tray, and watering or spraying is carried out at 9:00 am and 5:00 pm every day to moisturize; the germination temperature of the seeds is 10-25°C. The matrix is formed by uniformly mixing loess: river sand: peat soil = 2:1:3 in composition and mass ratio.

The soil began to break after 50 days, and the emergence rate reached 13% after 5 months.

It can be seen from the above 3 examples and 3 comparative examples: After post-ripening treatment (wrap the fruit of big head tea with a medium with a water content of 20-30%, then put it in a black bag and place it at 20°C-25°C 4-5 days in the environment until micro-cracking, immediately shell the slightly-cracked fruit and take the seeds to keep the seed wings, choose plump and complete seeds with seed wings and mix them with wet sand and store at 15°C-25°C for 25-30 days) The emergence rate of the seeds without post-ripening treatment (comparative example 2) increased by about 20% and broke the soil 20 days earlier; the emergence rate of the seeds with retained seed wings was about 20% higher than that of seeds without seed wings (comparative example 1); The sandy quality of the sand bed is more suitable for seed germination than the substrate made of loess, river sand and peat soil in the tray (comparative example 3), and the emergence rate increased by almost 70%.

Claims (4)

1. a method for Gordonia Acuminata seed germination and nursery, is characterized in that, comprises the following steps:

The Gordonia Acuminata fruit that a, collection fine fisssure maybe will be split, the medium of this Gordonia Acuminata fruit water content 20 ~ 30% is encased, then black sack is put into, to be placed under 20 DEG C ~ 25 DEG C environment 4 ~ 7 days to fine fisssure, the fruit of fine fisssure is shelled immediately and gets kind of a reservation seed wing, select the full complete seed with seed wing and wet sand to mix and preserve 25 ~ 30 days in 15 DEG C ~ 25 DEG C, wet husky water content is 10% ~ 15% in the early stage, middle and later periods increases to 50%, and the liquor potassic permanganate having preserved rear mass fraction 0.1% ~ 0.2% soaks Seed sterilization;

B, being tedded by husky bed and to carry out disinfection, smooth husky bed also irrigates clear water, is then sowed in husky bed by the seed after sterilizing, one deck shading net is covered above husky bed, carry out watering or spraying and moisturizing, the Germination Temperature of seed is 10 DEG C ~ 25 DEG C, and seed germination also grows until grow up to Gordonia Acuminata seedling;

Described being tedded by husky bed within three days, makes the sand on 15 centimetres, top layer be in rarefaction and quiet solarization husky bed scarifying prior to seeding, and described sterilization is sprayed on the husky bed of scarifying with fenaminosulf 75% soluble powder 500 ~ 800 times of liquid, husky complete wet to top layer;

Described smooth husky bed also irrigates clear water, is carrying out for the 4th day of tedding in husky bed; Described seed is sowed at husky bed, is drilling, and seed covers husky thick 4 ~ 6 centimetres, and seed is apart from bottom husky bed at least 8 centimetres; Described shading net is that 1.5 ~ 1.8 meters of cover shading rate on matrix is the shading net of 70%; Described watering or spraying, and is to carry out at twice in every morning 9 and at 5 in afternoon.

2. method according to claim 1, is characterized in that, the Gordonia Acuminata fruit split is maybe in mid or late October when finding that the fruit of on Gordonia Acuminata plant 20 ~ 50% ftractures by described collection fine fisssure, then gathers the Gordonia Acuminata fruit that fine fisssure maybe will split.

3. method according to claim 1, is characterized in that, the liquor potassic permanganate of described use 0.1% ~ 0.2% soaks Seed sterilization, and its soak time is 2 hours.

4. method according to claim 1, is characterized in that, described medium is paper handkerchief.